46

oTar janeliZe

masStabur adamianur tragediaTa Soris gamorCeulia tragedia, romelic XIX saukuneSi Tavs daatyda kavkasiel muslim mosaxleobas. am movlenas muhajiroba ewodeba. termini arabuleno-vania da istoriografiaSi kavkasiis mkvidrTa masobriv, mizanmimarTul ayrasa da osmaleTis im-periaSi gadasaxlebas aRniSnavs.

muhajiroba, ZiriTadad, Seexo CrdiloeT kavkasiis xalxebs: abazebs, abaZexebs, bJeduRebs, yubanispirel noRaelebs, Cerqezebs, ubixebs, CeCnebs, yaraCaelebs, yabardoelebsa da osebs, mag-ram igi mtkivneulad aisaxa agreTve afxazebisa da samxreT saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi muslimi qarTvelebis bedzec.

xalxTa migraciebi istoriulad dakavSirebuli iyo bunebriv-katastroful movlenebTan, omebTan, konfliqtebTan, SimSilobebTan, ekonomikur ganviTarebasTan, sarwmunoebrivi Tu po-litikuri Sexedulebebis safuZvelze adamianebis devnasTan da sxva. cxadia, Tavisi wanamZRvre-bi hqonda muhajirobasac.

bunebrivi kataklizmebisgan gansxvavebiT, romlebsac stiqiuri xasiaTi aqvT, muhajiroba marTvadi procesi iyo. igi politikuri, socialur-ekonomikuri, religiuri da eTnofsiqolo-giuri faqtorebis erTobliobam ganapiroba.

daumorCilebeli kavkasieli mTielebis osmaleTSi gadasaxlebiT mefis mTavroba, erTi mxriv, mxaris politikur damSvidebas cdilobda, meore mxriv ki, xelSi igdebda vrcel terito-rias, romelic gamiznuli iyo qveynis Sida guberniebidan migrirebulTa da kazakobis dasasax-leblad. xelisufleba Tavidan iSorebda regionSi miwis, finansuri da samxedro problemebis gadawyvetis siZneles da, amasTan, araloialur mosaxleobaze kontrolisaTvis aucilebeli saxsrebis dazogvis imedic hqonda.

muhajiroba ruseTis saimperio xelisuflebis umaRles eSelonebSi daigegma. mmarTvel wre-ebSi miiCnevdnen, rom kavkasiaSi srulad gabatoneba ruseTis imperiis sazRvrebis usafrTxoeba-sac uzrunvelyofda da axlo aRmosavleTSi dasavleTis qveynebis gavlenasac Seakavebda. e.w. aRmosavleTis sakiTxi im droisaTvis ruseTis geopolitikur gegmebSi prioritetul proeq-tad miiCneoda.

muhajiroba

kavkasia

muslimi sasuliero pirebi (axundebi, molebi Tu xojebi) kavkasiel mTielebs STaagonebdnen, rom rusebi maT religiur grZnobebs Selaxavdnen, sarwmunoebas ZaliT Seucvlidnen, gaaqris-tianebdnen, axalgazrdebs jarSi gaiwvevdnen da amitom, Tavis gadasarCenad, osmaleTSi gadasax-lebas urCevdnen. Turqi emisrebi adgilobriv mcxovrebT muhajirobis sargeblianobas usabu-Tebdnen da maT, osmaleTSi gadasvlis SemTxvevaSi, aTasgvar sikeTes hpirdebodnen.

kavkasiidan muhajirTa miRebisagan osmaleTi oficialurad Tavs ikavebda, magram Cumi TanagrZnobiT, TiTqosda muslimebs xels uwyobda meqaSi gamgzavrebasa da muhamedis saflavis Tay-vaniscemaSi, migraciis process axalisebda. 1862 wels stam-bolSi specialuri komitetic Seiqmna, romelsac muhajirTa miReba-dabinaveba da maTTvis materialuri daxmarebis gawe-va evaleboda (imave wels, imperator aleqsandre II-is gadawy-vetilebiT, „mTielTa osmaleTSi gadasaxlebis saqmeTa komi-sia“ ruseTSic Camoyalibda).

muhajirobiT dainteresebuli iyo osmaleTic. misTvis garkveuli mniSvneloba hqonda gada-saxlebulTa xarjze muslimi mosaxleobis gazrdas balkaneTsa da mcire aziaSi da amiT imperiis ganapira teritoriebze demografiuli Tu geopolitikuri viTarebis gaumjobesebas.

sulTani abdul azizi kavkasiel erTmorwmuneebs mouwodebda daetovebinaT TavianTi sac-xovrisi da eCqaraT osmaleTSi gadasvla, raTa Tavidan aecilebinaT yovlisSemZle alahisa da Zlevamosili sulTnis risxva. aseTi mowodebebi da agitacia gavlenas axdenda mTielTa masob-riv cnobierebaze, aZlierebda maTSi ruseTis mimarT undoblobasa da si-Zulvils. Tavisi Sedegi mohqonda osmaleTis teritoriaze ukve migrire-buli mTielebis werilebsa da mimarTvebs, gagzavnils jer kidev kavkasia-Si darCenili naTesavebisa Tu axloblebisaTvis.

osmaleTis mmarTveli wreebis warmodgeniT, gadasaxlebis organi-zeba Zviri ar iqneboda, imperia ki, mamaci mTielebis saxiT, Tavisi saoma-ri Zalis Sesavsebad damatebiT resurss SeiZenda. kavkasiidan gadasax-lebulebs sulTnis xelisufleba farTod uRebda kars policiasa Tu JandarmeriaSi da im Zaladac iyenebda, romelsac qveynis SigniT warmoqmnili konfliqtebi da ajanyebebi unda CaexSo.

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muhajiroba

ruseTis imperia, XIX saukune

aRmosavleTis sakiTxi – osmaleTis imperiaze zegavlenis mosapoveblad XVIII saukunis dasasrulidan warmoSobili saer-TaSoriso winaaRmdegobebis pirobiTi saxelwodeba. abazi qali

kavkasiel mTielTa mSobliuri sacxov-risidan ayras maTSi xangrZlivi omiT gamow-veuli arnaxuli zarali, aulebis gadawva, ngreva, gapartaxeba da saarsebo wyaros mos-pobac ganapirobebda. omisagan Seviwroebul mTielebs gadasaxadebi da begara-valdebu-lebanic daumZimes. adgilobriv mosaxleo-bas yovelgvari adamianuri ufleba ayrili hqonda. maT iaraRis tarebasac ki ukrZalav-dnen, rac mTielTaTvis metad Seuracxmyo-feli iyo da sxv.

mTielTa zedafenebi undoblad uyureb-dnen ruseTis agrarul cxovrebaSi mimdina-re gardaqmnebs, SiSobdnen, rom amiT TavianT tradiciul socialur-politikur privi-

CrdiloeT kavkasiis dapyrobis parale-lurad, carizmma bolo mouRo aqaur nomina-lur samflobeloTa (ramdenime saxano, sa-Samxlo) arsebobas da maTi mmarTvelebi xe-lisuflebas CamoaSora. Tavisi imperiuli marTva-gamgeobiT ruseTi Zireulad arR-vevda mTielTa tradiciul yofas. adgilob-riv xalxTa cxovrebaSi safuZvlian cvlile-bebs iwvevda ymaTa yidva-gayidvis akrZalva da aseve, saglexo da agraruli reformebi-sagan gamomdinare Sedegebic.

kazakoba – warmodgeba terminisagan kazaki (Ta-visufali adamiani) da aRniSnavs gasamxedroebul socialur erTobas, romelsac ruseTis xelis-ufleba sazRvrebis gansamtkiceblad, axali te-ritoriebis dasapyrobad da gareSe mtrebTan brZolaSi iyenebda.

religias kavkasiel mTielTa cxovrebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili ekava da didwilad gansazRvravda adamianTa azrovnebasa da

muhajiroba garkveulwilad dakavSire-buli iyo kavkasiel mTielTa eTnofsiqolo-giasa da erovnul xasiaTTanac. am mxriv xazi unda gaesvas maTSi Tavisuflebis dauTmob-lobis gansakuTrebul Jins, moudreklobasa da tradiciebis erTgulebas.

mTa erTgvarad Caketil sazogadoebas warmoadgenda. mis mkvidrTa erT-erTi maxa-siaTebeli iyo garemo da cxovrebis pirobe-bis mimarT naklebi pretenziuloba. Camoya-libebuli qcevis modusi – damokidebuli adamianebis mijaWvuloba siuzerenze, mTie-lebSi mtkiced damkvidrebuli ufrosisad-mi umcrosis usityvo morCilebis tradicia, ojaxis ufrosis sityvis Zala, gadamwyveti xdeboda nebismieri arCevnis, maT Soris, sam-Soblos mitovebisa da osmaleTSi gadasax-lebis SemTxvevaSic.

legiebs dakargavdnen, osmaleTis imperiaSi ki titulebisa da damokidebul glexTa Se-narCuneba ufro realisturi Canda. adgi-lobrivi feodalebi darwmunebuli iyvnen, rom damokidebuli mosaxleoba maT ar mia-tovebda da Tan gahyveboda. amasTan, imedov-nebdnen, rom osmaleTSi isini icxovrebdnen iseve Tavisuflad, rogorc adre samSoblo-Si cxovrobdnen usaxelmwifod, mxolod mTaSi damkvidrebuli adaT-wesebis Sesabami-sad.

yuradReba unda mieqces kavkasieli mTi-elebisa da osmalTa erTmorwmuneobasac, imas, rom yuranis mixedviT, yvela muslimi erT ers Seadgens, muslimuri Temis wevrebi miiCnevian debad da Zmebad, romlebic saer-To sarwmunoebas iziareben. aranaklebi faq-tori iyo isic, rom sulTani, rogorc xali-fa, muslimuri Temis meTaurs warmoadgenda.

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sulTani abdul azizi (1830-1876)

kavkasia

qcevas. kavkasiis mTielTa umetesobisaTvis identobasa da masTan dakavSirebul cxov-rebis wess ayalibebda ara imdenad eTniku-roba, ena an kultura, ramdenadac religiu-ri kuTvnileba – islami. marTalia, rogorc mTis aristokratias, ise soflebis meTeme-ebs TavianTi tradiciuli adaTebi hqondaT, magram gviani Sua saukuneebidan CrdiloeT kavkasiis mTel rig xalxebSi adaTs muslimu-ri samarTali – SariaTi Caenacvla, romel-Sic Camoyalibebuli iyo muslimTa moralu-ri da zneobrivi Rirebulebebi.

osmaleTisaken pirvelebi centraluri da Crdilo-aRmosavleT kavkasiis xalxebi – CeCnebi, daRestnelebi da muslimi osebi da-iZrnen. 1859 wels os muhajirTa ramdenime privilegirebuli gvaris warmomadgeneli TavianT ymebTan erTad gadasaxlda. momdev-no wels osmaleTis gzas osTa 300-350 ojaxi daadga. osebis mesame da yvelaze masStaburi muhajiroba 1865 wels moxda. amjerad osma-leTSi 5 aTasamde ojaxis migracias ruseTis armiis general-maiori, Tagaureli musa kunduxovi meTaurobda (kunduxovi osma-leTSi darCa, sulTnis wyaloba da faSis ti-tuli, xolo cota mogvianebiT – osmaleTis armiis diviziis generlis Cini miiRo).

kavkasiis mTieli mosaxleobis muhaji-roba ramdenime etapad ganxorcielda: pir-velma etapma moicva 1857-1862 wlebi, xolo meorem – 1863-1864 wlebi.

1861 wels osmaleTSi gadaasaxles besle-nelebi, Semdeg – yubanispira yabardoelebi da abazebi. yabardoel muhajirTa ricxvi 10

SemTxveviTi ar iyo, rom ruseTis kolo-niuri politikis winaaRmdeg kavkasiel mTi-elTa brZola, arcTu iSviaTad, religias efuZneboda, xolo am brZolis meTaurebad xSir SemTxvevaSi muslimi sulieri lidere-bi gvevlinebodnen (yazi-muhamedi, yazi-mo-la, Seixi mansuri, Samili).

siuzereni – Sua saukuneebis dasavleT evropa-Si: msxvili feodali, romelsac mefis uflebebi hqonda masze damokidebuli vasalebis mimarT. aq: yma-glexebis feodaluri mesakuTre.

Tergis olqidan migrirebul mosaxleo-bas Soris iyvnen vainaxebi (5 aTas ojaxamde), yarabulayebi (TiTqmis mTlianad, 1500 oja-xi), CeCenTa nawili (3500 ojaxi) da inguS-naz-ranelebi (100 ojaxamde).

CrdiloeT kavkasiis erT-erTi mraval-ricxovani eTnosi, ubixebi, 1864 wlamde kav-kasiis Savi zRvis sanapiroze, mdinareebis Saxesa da xostas Soris da maT mimdebare xeo-bebSi cxovrobdnen. misdevdnen mecxovele-obas, miwaTmoqmedebas, mebaReobas, meTevze-

aTass aRemateboda (941 ojaxi). male maT kvals miayoles anapis raionSi mcxovrebi na-tuxaelebi, xolo 1863-1864 wlebSi muhaji-robis procesma mravalricxovani adiRee-lebi (Cerqezebi), ubixebi, abazebi, abaZexebi, noRaelebi da sxva xalxebi moicva. ruseTis saimperio mmarTvelobis oficialuri mona-cemebis Tanaxmad, kavkasiidan 418 aTasi Cer-qezi gadausaxlebiaT (zogierT wyaroSi gan-devnilad samjer meti adamiania dasaxele-buli. yabardo-balyareTis umaRlesma sab-Wom da adiRes respublikis parlamentma es movlena CerqezTa genocidad Seafases).

auli – CrdiloeT kavkasiis mTielebis (agreTve, Sua aziis zogi xalxis) sofeli.

aleqsandre II(1818-1881)

49

muhajiroba

obas. nawili ki osmaleTTan vaWrobiT iyo dakavebuli. kavkasiisaTvis TiTqmis mTeli omis ganmavlobaSi am mamaci, mcirericxova-ni xalxis warmomadgenlebi Tavisuflebi-saTvis brZolis wina rigebSi idgnen. kavkasi-isaTvis omis dasrulebidan maleve ubixTa TiTqmis mTeli mosaxleoba (zogierTi mona-cemiT – 50 aTasamde, sxva cnobiT – 74 567 ada-miani) osmaleTSi gadasaxlda. am droidan ubixebi gaqrnen kavkasiis rukidan.

osmaleTSi gamgzavrebis win muhajirebi ukanasknelad moinaxulebdnen mama-papaTa salocavebs, axlobelTa saflavebs, saxlebs gamoketavdnen da samSoblos guldamZime-bulni eTxovebodnen.

vidre osmaleTSi CaaRwevdnen, gada-saxlebulebs uamravi siZnelisa da gaWir-vebis gadalaxva uxdebodaT. maT umrav-lesobas mgzavroba sastik siviwroveSi, da-qiravebuli rusuli an osmaluri patara ialqniani gemebiTa da niCbiani navebiT uwev-daT. gadatvirTuli navebi, mgzavrebTan er-Tad, xSirad zRvaSi iZireboda. bevri mZime mgzavrobas ver uZlebda an sxvadasxva sneu-lebis gamo iRupeboda, maT Soris, bavSvebic. Turqi askerebi (anu osmalo jariskacebi) micvalebulebs zRvaSi yridnen.

SimSilisagan daosebul ltolvilebs kargi dRe arc napirze elodaT, sadac saka-rantino banakebSi aTasobiT maTgans musrs

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yazi-muhamedi ( 1795-1832)

Samili ( 1797-1871)

avlebda tifi, qolera da sxva gadamdebi da-avadebebi. 1863-1864 wlebSi Crdilo-dasav-leT kavkasiidan gadasaxlebuli aranakleb 10 aTasi qali da bavSvi monad gaiyida. erTi evropeli TviTmxilvelis cnobiT, silama-ziT ganTqmuli Cerqezi qalebic ki, bazarze maTi arnaxuli simravlis gamo, saocrad ia-fad iyidebodnen.

masobrivad iRupebodnen muhajirebi os-maleTis teritoriazec. 1871 wlis monace-mebiT, gadasaxlebulTa ori mesamedi erTi wlis Semdeg sicivis, SimSilisa Tu epidemie-bis gamo eTxoveboda sicocxles. amis para-lelurad, muhajir kavkasiel mTielTa ze-dafenis mraval warmomadgenels sulTnis xelisuflebam sasaTbure pirobebi Seuqmna: uxvad gamouyo dapirebuli miwis nakveTebi, daniSna sxvadasxva administraciul Tanam-debobebze, mianiWa maRali samxedro wodebe-bi da a.S.

muhajirobis procesma afxazeTic moic-va. 1867 wels moxda afxazTa pirveli masob-rivi gadasaxleba osmaleTSi, romlis mize-zebic iyo ruseTis mier dasavleT kavkasiis dapyroba da kavkasiis omis damTavreba, ase-ve, afxazeTis samTavros gauqmeba da aq ru-suli mmarTvelobis SemoReba, mxaris axali administraciul-teritoriuli mowyoba, afxazeTSi saglexo reformis gatarebisa-

Seixi mansuri ( 1760 -1794)

kavkasia

musa kunduxovi ( 1818 -1889)

Cerqezebi toveben mTebs da osmaleTisken miemarTebian

TviTmxilvelis gadmocemiT, „sacodao-ba iyo xomaldze gadayvanili afxazebis nax-va... isini cxare cremliT stirodnen, zRvis napirisaken xelebs iSverdnen da gaiZaxod-nen: Cven Cvenis nebiT ar mivdivarT, Zalad mivyevarTo“. bevr gadasaxlebul afxazs Tan mihqonda TiTo muWa mSobliuri miwa, saf-lavSi Casayoleblad.

ltolvili afxazebi osmaleTis Sida provinciebSi saxldebodnen, bevrma sacxov-risi samSoblosTan axlos, aWaraSi airCia, romelic im dros jer kidev osmaleTis Se-madgenlobaSi iyo (baTumsa da mis Semogaren-Si dResac cxovroben afxaz muhajirTa STa-momavlebi).

muhajirobis Sedegad afxazeTis jiqeT-Si, sadac 20 aTasze meti adamiani mkvidrob-da, mxolod 500-Ra (80 ojaxi) darCa da isinic

vainaxebi

Tvis mzadeba da 1866 wlis lixnis ajanyeba. maSin samSoblo daaxloebiT 20 aTasma afxaz-ma datova. es iyvnen ZiriTadad mTis – webel-disa da dalis raionebis mcxovrebni, ro-melTa muhajirobis gamo kodoris xeoba mo-saxleobisagan faqtobrivad daicala. gaze-Tis korespondentis sityviT, wamsvlelebi ise ganicdidnen TavianT saxl-karTan ganSo-rebas, rom „mravalma moxucebulma kacebma da qalebma Tavis Tavi Tu xes Tu kedels mia-texes“. aRsaniSnavia, rom osmaleTSi gada-saxlebul afxaz Tavad-aznaurebsac, msgav-sad Crdilokavkasieli zedafenebis warmo-madgenlebisa, Tan TavianTi ymebi ojaxebiT mihyavdaT.

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lixnis 1866 wlis ajanyeba, romelSic afxazeTis mo-saxleobis yvela fenis warmomadgenlebi monawileobdnen, adgilobrivi samTavros gauqmebam (1864), afxazeTSi ko-loniuri reJimis damkvidrebam da saglexo reformisaT-vis mzadebis dawyebam ganapiroba. ajanyebulebma ieriSi miitanes soxumze, afxazeTis samTavro aRdgenilad gamo-acxades da mTavrad ukanaskneli mTavris, mixeil SarvaSi-Zis vaJi – giorgi SarvaSiZe moiwvies. mTavrobis jarma, quTaisis general-gubernator d. svia-topolk-mirskis sardlobiT, amboxebulebi aiZula Seewy-vitaT brZola da iaraRi xelisuflebisaTvis Caebarebi-naT. savele sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT, ajanyebis aq-tiur monawileTagan sami kaci daxvrites, xolo 30 cim-birSi gadasaxlebiT dasajes. kavkasiaSi dabrunebis uf-lebis gareSe orenburgSi gadaasaxles giorgi SarvaSiZec. ajanyebis marcxi afxazeTSi muhajirobis winapirobad iq-ca.

muhajiroba

52

osebi Cerqezebi CeCeni

yabardoelebi

afxazTa muhajiroba ZiriTadad iZulebiT xasiaTs atarebda (wyaroebidan mkafiod Cans, rom biWvinTis olqis mcxovrebT ar surdaT osmaleTSi wasvla). afxazTa garkveulma nawilma neba-yoflobiT qristianobac miiRo, rom samSobloSi darCena moexerxebina.

afxazTa gadasaxlebis procesSi, dgeboda muhajirTa siebi soflebis mixedviT, ojaxis Tav-kacTa saxelisa da gvaris miTiTebiT, aseve, ojaxis wevrTa raodenobis (qalTa, kacTa) CvenebiT. am siebis originali saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivis centraluri saistorio arqivis saqmeebSi inaxeba.

gagrifSis dablobSi Caasaxles. afxazeTSic gamoTavisuflebuli miwebi imperiis xelisuflebam kolonizaciisaTvis gamoiyena.

1877-1878 ww.-Si, ruseT-osmaleTis omis msvlelobisas, ganxorcielda afxazTa meore masob-rivi ZaldatanebiTi gadasaxleba osmaleTSi. es iyo araorganizebuli, stiqiuri procesi. im dros muhajirTa siebi arc SeudgeniaT, Tumca cnobilia gadasaxlebul afxazTa raodenoba – 30 aTasi adamiani (giorgi wereTlis cnobiT, afxazeTidan deportacia 48 aTas adamians Seexo, sergi mesxis Tanaxmad, muhajirTa ricxvi 50 aTasi iyo, xolo „Кавказский календарь“-is gamoangariSebiT, soxumis olqis mosaxleoba muhajirobis Sedegad 77 977 sulidan 45 812 sulamde Semcirebula, anu gadasaxlebulTa raodenoba 22 165 adamians Seadgenda).

xsenebuli omis periodSi kavkasiis xalxTa samSoblodan gasaxlebis kidev erTi talRa aRi-niSna. omis dros CeCneTSi, daRestansa da afxazeTSi ajanyebebma ifeTqa. maTi CaxSobis Semdeg am-boxebaTa monawileni da TanamgrZnobni cimbirsa da volgispireTSi gadaasaxles, garkveulma na-wilma ki osmaleTis imperiaSi gaaswro.

gadasaxlebis procesi arc omis dasrulebis Semdeg SeCerebula. 1878 wlis 19 Tebervals ga-formebuli san-stefanos sazavo xelSekrulebis XXI muxli ruseTis imperias SeerTebul raio-nebSi mcxovreb muslim mosaxleobas uflebas aZlevda, xelSekrulebis ratifikaciidan sami wlis ganmavlobaSi gaeyida Tavisi qoneba da osmaleTSi gadasaxlebuliyo. osmaleTis qristian mosaxleobas ki ruseTSi gadasaxlebis neba eZleoda. rusulma mxarem afxazebis nawilobrivi re-patriacia dauSva. 1881 wlisaTvis ukan 15 aTasamde afxazi muhajiri dabrunda.

emigrirebuli muslimebis nacvlad, mefis mTavrobam yarsis olqSi sacxovrebeli molaknebs, duxoborebs, aseve, imperiis Sida guberniebidan gadmoyvanil berZen da somex mosaxleobas miu-Cina.

kavkasia

muhajiroba, rogorc didi dramatuli movlena da warsulis travmuli gamocdileba, dRem-de kavkasieli xalxebis koleqtiuri mexsierebis nawilia.

arTvinsa da ardaganze rom ara iTqvas, aTasobiT qarTveli muslimi qedidan, xulodan, Sua-xevidan, qobuleTidan, baTumidanac aiyara da ukeTesi cxovrebis saZieblad osmaleTis imperias miaSura. marto aWaris teritoriidan 1878 wlidan 80-iani wlebis CaTvliT gadasaxlebulTa ricxvi 22-dan 25 aTasamde meryeobs (arsebobs sxva monacemebic – 28-30 aTasi; saxeldeba 38 aTa-sic).

afxazeTidan Tu „osmalos saqarTvelodan“ muhajirebad qceul adamianebs TanagrZnobas ucxadebda mowinave qarTveli sazogadoeba. muhajirebis tragikul yofaze qarTul Tu saqarT-velos rusulenovan periodul presaSi xSirad werdnen ilia WavWavaZe, niko nikolaZe, giorgi wereTeli, sergi mesxi, Tedo saxokia, zaqaria WiWinaZe da sxvebi. TavianTi publikaciebiT isini cdilobdnen aTiaTasobiT TanamemamulisTvis SeemsubuqebinaT mZime xvedri, Tumca es maT Se-saZleblobas aRemateboda.

CrdiloeT kavkasiidan osmaleTSi gadasaxlebulTa saerTo raodenoba 700-750 aTass aRwev-da. vinc gadarCa, TandaTan adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi gaiTqvifa, mxolod mcire nawilma Seinar-Cuna eTnikuri TavisTavadoba. muhajirTa STamomavlebi diasporebis saxiT amJamad, garda Tur-qeTisa, cxovroben bulgareTSi, egvipteSi, siriaSi, palestinaSi, eraysa da iordaniaSi.

saqarTvelos erovnul arqivSi SemorCenilia dokumenturi masala, romelic gviCvenebs mu-hajirobis dinamikas aWaris regionidan. magaliTad, baTumis, kintriSisa da gonios ubnebidan 1878-1880 wlebSi muhajirad iqca ori aTasamde adamiani (897 kaci da 916 qali). zemo da qvemo aWa-ris, aseve, maWaxelis ubnebidan ki – 12 351 suli (6197 kaci, 6154 qali), e.i. sul 14 254 kaci (samx-reT-dasavleT saqarTvelodan osmaleTSi muhajirobis axali nakadi pirveli msoflio omis pe-riodSi Woroxis auzSi mimdinare sabrZolo moqmedebebma gamoiwvia).

1884-1887 wlebSi ganxorcielda osmaleTis imperiaSi yaraCaelTa da balyarelebis muhaji-roba. 1882-1883 wlebSi yubanis olqidan osmaleTSi adiReelTa 1381 komli gadaasaxles. 1888 wels maT kidev regionidan ayrili 3 333 mcxovrebi daemata. 1889-1890 wlebSi aseve osmaleTSi ga-dasaxlda adiRes 13 aulis mosaxleoba.

repatriacia – im pirTa samSobloSi dabruneba, romlebic sxvadasxva garemoebis gamo ucxo qveynis te-ritoriaze aRmoCndnen.

diaspora – sakuTari qveynis farglebs gareT mcxovrebi mosaxleobis, eTnikuri jgufis mniSvnelovani nawili, romelic inarCunebs TviTidentifikacias istoriul samSoblosTan.

afxazi muhajirebi

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muhajiroba