n15 mathimatika kathimerini zoh
TRANSCRIPT
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, .
, , , ,
, . . . . . . . . . ,, 1.1. 1.1.2. . ( . . .).
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1.
1.1. ...5
1.1.1. ..71.1.2. ...91.1.3. ...10
1.1.4. 111.1.5 .111.1.6 12
1.2. 16
1.2.1 ..171.2.2 ...171.2.3 .181.2.4. 19
1.3. .22
1.4. 25
2.
2.1 ........29
2.1.1. 352.1.2 392.1.3. 452.1.4. ..492.1.5. .532.1.6. ...572.1.7. ..58
2.2. .61
2.2.1. ..612.2.2. .62
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3
3.
3.1. .....65
3.1. ....663.1.1. .70
3.2.
.77 3.3. .80 3.4. ..89 3.5. 93
3.6. .95 3.7. 99
4.
4.1. 105 4.2. 106 4.3. ..111 4.4. 116 4.5. 121 4.6. ..125
4.7. ..129 4.8.
133
5.
5.1. .137 5.2. 141 5.3. .149 5.4.
.159 5.5. ...161
6.
6.1. ...169 6.2.
.....170
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1.
1.1.
. - . - - . (). . - .
:
82394, 205, 28, 5, 144
:
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
.
82394
, , , .
: - , , .
: ,
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:
82394 8 10.000 2 1000 3 100 9 10 4 1= + + + +
. 234.375.698 -
, , - .
( )
0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 14,
( )
1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13,
, :
> . < .
, - . . , = . :4008 > 965 4008 424567 > 154567 4 > 1.000465 =465 , . 000465=465
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7
1.1.1. Super-Market 4 .
- :
-
-
22357 31122 9375 8179 35328 49753 36205 39000
; 22357 + 31122 :
22357
31122
53479
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+
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53.479 :
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(1) (1) (1)
3 5 3 2 8
4 9 7 5 3
8 5 0 8 1
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85.081 4 -
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( ) ( ) ( ) ( )2 1 1 14 9 7 5 3
3 9 0 0 0
3 1 1 2 2
8 1 7 9
1 2 8 0 5 4
+
128.054
, .
:
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8
.
:( )14 9 7 5 3
3 9 0 0 0
8 8 7 5 3
+
( ) ( )1 18 8 7 5 3
3 9 3 0 1
1 2 8 0 5 4
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1 : :
3 Player 162 DV-D Player 35 21 275 Hi-Fi 220 (Fax, Scanner, ) 235
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162 35 100 60 2 30 5
100 60 30 2 5100 90 7
+ = + + + += + + + += + +
197=
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:2 2 2 6
275 220 235 7 2 3 12 17
2 5 5 10 1
+ + =
+ + = + + = = + + = = +
730=
( )
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9
1.1.2.
, - , 1522 . 925 112 . ;
1522 925. :
( )( )
( )(1)(1)
1 5 2 2
9 2 5
5 9 7
597 . 597 112
5 9 7
1 1 2
4 8 5
: ( )1
9 2 5
4 8 5
4 4 0
:
, -
. 1522 925 = 597 , :
( ) ( )1 1
9 2 55 9 7
1 5 2 2
+ 1 5 2 2
5 9 7
9 2 5
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10
1.1.3.
3 : 24 . 4 ;
: 4 24 + 24 + 24 + 24 = 96 . 24 4 24 4 96 = .
, 1 9. ( - )
. 1 .
.
- .
6 7 42 =
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11
1.1.4.
: ,
( ). -
. 375 7 :
375 7 5=35
7 5
375 7 7=49+3=52
7 : 2
375 7 3= 21+5=26
7 : 26
5 : 3 25 : 5 2625
1.1.5
,
. .
:
10, 100, 1000, - 10, 100, 1000, . :
28 100 2800 = 376 10000 3.760.000 =
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12
1.1.6
: . 2460 m. - .
i) .ii) 5 -
;
: 2460 : 4.
24602406 4
20 20
0 ()
( )
()() 4615
:
: ( ) ( ) . , .
! . 478253 : 62 :
()
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13
1. , .
Km 2 1.635.998 1.401.459 734.014 477.942 476.288 406.612
389.434 383.672 84.069 77.014
1. : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .4. : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .5. : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. - : 379238 1534758 324756 39273
3. 6 :
3678 . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69734 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369735824 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. : 7 32
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5. () ().i) 61 < 49 ii) 3075 < 3750 iii) 9009 > 9909 iv) 75 > 57 v) 1000350 < 897350
6. () :i) 475 4091 iv) 313 331 ii) 123 201v) 7500 7499 iii) 89001 80901 vi) 897532 895732
7. :
16 + 23 67 + 22 35 + 37128 + 31 135 + 120 210 + 230
8. :i) 375 + 579 ii) 1278 + 148 iii) 88035 + 39009iv) 123579 + 88975 + 1274 v) 1375528 + 899775 + 338753 + 75979
9. :
10. 15.873 2677 . 12053 . , . ;
11. 300. , 180, 169, - 117, 68, 35 CD 19. ;
12. :i) 928 735 ii) 1275 988 iii) 2006 1821
13. .
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15
14. 41 . 7
6 . - ;
15. :i) 407 36 ii) 2693 75 iii) 31254 502
16. .
17. 1366. 280. ; ;
18. 15 . 40 . 8 20 30 - . ;
19. :i) 1043: 7 ii) 19533: 24 iii) 988 : 26 iv) 389762 : 341
20. i) 71 7 9 8= + ii) 879 24 35 39= + iii) 196 11 17 9= + iv) 42813 347 123 132= +
21. . 120 15 , 240 20 . 540. ;
22. 23 45 7930. 110 . ;
.
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1.2.
5 26, . ;
5 1, 6 4. 5 6.
, - .
. 26 : 5 = 5,2 5 2
. .
( ). :
.
40,3: 2,85: 323,017: 0, 36: ( ).
- . , , - , ,
: 2,3 > 1,576, 28,35 > 28,305, 0,018 < 0,108
0,35, 0,08, 1,21, 0,80
. :2,3 = 2,30 = 2,300
:
6 = 6,0 = 6,00 = 6,000
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17
1.2.1
.
- .
.
: : 17 + 3,75 + 208,3 + 2,035 :
2 0 8 , 3 0 0
1 7 , 0 0 0
3 , 7 5 0
2 , 0 3 5
2 3 1 , 0 8 5
+
1.2.2
- .
- .
:49,23 23,897 :
4 9 , 2 3 02 3 , 8 9 7
2 5 , 3 3 3
:2 5 , 3 3 32 3 , 8 9 7
4 9 , 2 3 0
+
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1.2.3
, , , .
- .
- .
: 1o3,7 2,63 :
3,25 0,04 :3 , 2 5
0 , 0 4
0 , 1 3 0 0
( 4 10, 100, 1000, -
, , , . . 2:2, 723 100 272, 3 = 3, 4 1000 3400 = 0, 004 10 0, 04 =
0,1, 0,01, 0,001, , , , , .
3:28, 75 0,1 2, 875 = 3,14 0,01 0,0314 = 3873 0,001 3,873 =
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19
1.2.4. , -
, . 1:
624,87 : 9 :
10, 100, 1000, , :
2: 903,5 : 3,25 100 -
: 90350 : 325 :
- .
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20
1. :i) : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii) : . . . . . . . . . . . . .iii) : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iv) : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v) : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. 347,286 :i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iii) 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iv) 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. (>, =,
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217.
i) 0,003 + 2,75 ii) 2,063 + 7,35iii) 2,15 + 0,03 + 14,68 + 35,71 iv) 3,4 + 17 + 2,893 + 0,05
8. , , .
9. :i) 457,8 29,86 ii) 65 4,065iii) 3975,503 39,53 iv) 3,75 0,002
10. :i) 2,003 + 7,23 3,465 2,75 + 42ii) 0,03 + 0,103 0,120 + 3,233 1,75
iii) 19,7 + 12,36 28,926 + 3 3,512
11. :i) 4506 0,75 ii) 1, 25 4,009 iii) 1008 6, 405 iv) 0,62 0,4
12. :i) 85 10 8,5 100 0,85 100 ii) 570 0,1 5700 0,01 5700 0,001
iii) 7,35 100
0,735 10
0,0735 1000
iv) 37 0,1 370 0,01 37 0,001
13. - .28,7 3,71 0,287 371 2870 3,71 287 0,371 2,87 37,1 28,7 37,1
14. :i) 75,9 : 3 ii) 294,72 : 12iii) 23,25 : 3,1 iv) 88,314 : 7,18
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22
1.3.
: 230 32,3 . 4000 . - ;
: 230 32, 3 7429 = 4000 -
.7429 + 4000 = 11429
:11429: 230.
:
50 49,7 49,69 .
- .
, .
0 1 2 3 4, .
5 6 7 8 9, - -
. :
-
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23
392587 392600452003 45200035,673 3612,674 12,73,5453 3,545
23,99673 24
- 0,
0 .
! 0 -
- .
: 37 : 75 :
1,764 : 28 :
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24
1. :i) 11,584 iv) 4,0198 ii) 8, 352 v) 7,3926iii) 2759 vi) 29963
2. 6523, 17892 29656 :i) ii)
3. :
236 217 228 249 214i) .ii) .
4. i) ii) .9,1260 7,020 428,77 2,196
5. :i) 778 : 16 ii) 38,25 : 5iii) 266 : 35 iv) 429 : 65
6. i) 275 : 43 ii) 38,6 : 2,7iii) 39,267 : 0,07
7. 5 14 . ;
8. 40 7 .
; - .
9. 4,75 38,95. - 4,25 . ;
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1.4.
1 : 300 210 , 120 20 84 14 .i) ;ii) .
:i) 300 + 120 = 420
210 + 84 = 294 420 + 20 = 440 294 + 14 = 308
ii) : 300 + 420 + 440 = 1160 :210 + 294 + 308 = 812
2 : 1500 3500
170. : :
3500 + 170 = 3670 1500 3670 1500 = 2170
: .
.
: . . .
: . . .
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26
3 :
35 . 18 35, 12 45 60. (5 );
: 18 18 35 630 = 12 12 45 540 = 35 18 12 = 5 5 60 300 =
630 + 540 + 300 = 1470 5
1470 5 7350 = .
4 : 900. 37 678. ;
: 37 :900 678 = 222. 222 : 37 = 6. 900 : 6 = 150 .
5 : 72 15 . 5 8 , - ;
: 72 5 360 = .
1080 360 = 720 72 + 8 = 80 . 720 : 80 = 9 .
:
( )
( ).
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27
1. . 1270 , 138 272 . - ;
2. 55 , , . 33, 30. , - ;
3. . - 867 833 - . 1800 , - ;
4. 12 5 . 8 40 ;
5. 6 . 4 , 5 42 . ;
6. 27. , - 4 ;
7. 25 . - 45 5 . ;
8. 36 27 1 2.
1 2 ;
9. 135 28 . - 1755 - ;
10. 224 25 . 735 ;
11. 30 . 6768 .. - 12 , 6 .
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28 .. ;
12. 74,2 m 37,8 m. 1,2 - 2,5 . - ;
13. 5,4 . - 12 0,3 - . 0,5 0,4 . 1,80
;
14. 14 , - 620,2 . 53 32,7 . ;
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2.
2.1
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12
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1
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,
14
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14
12
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: 20
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5 . 20 4 5
.
1
20 54 = .
: ,
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:1 1 24 4 4
+ = .
2
20 104 = 20 : 4 = 5 2 5 10 = .
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31
:
1. , .
2. .
1 :
- -
.
: 1 , -
11
1.
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3 14
4 18
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2 :
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1604 .
60 4. 60 : 4 =15.
14
15 .
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32
:) 4 + 3 + 5 = 12 . 4 12
412
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) 5 12 5
12 .
) 3 12 3
12 .
4 :
513.000,000 - ( . .).
23
. . . ;
:
33
, ( -
).
23
, 13
.
: 513.000.000 : 3 171.000.000= .
1
513.000.000 171.000.0003 = .
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33
1. - .
2. .
3. , - . .
4. - .
1 1...
2 5
1 1...
6 3
1 1...
10 100
1 1...
11 12
5. , - .
1 1 1 1 1 114 15 3 9 12 6
6. .
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7.
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1
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3 : 7 4 : 9 12 : 23= = = ) :
5 7 38 9 16
= = =
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12. , :) 250 , ) 100 ) 750
13. 20 , 1
5
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14. 132.000 . .. 56
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35
2.1.1.
34
,
44
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3 . .
3
14
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4 .
4
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= 4 = 4.
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= + = + 314
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4,
82
4= , 42
2= 22
1= .
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1. , .
2. , .3. ,
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4. 1.
3
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1 : .
3 36
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46
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1. .3 6 9
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0 7 4...1 1... 4...
5 5 1
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257
212
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867
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115
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6. 5 8 . ;
7. , , - .
3 1 5 7 1 2...... ...... 5 ......5
4 4 8 8 3 36 6 3 3 8 11 4 4
...... ...... ...... 3 ......316 12 7 5 15 15 4 9
8. , - .
8 8 9 8 11, , , ,
12 20 12 25 12
9. 1500 , 4 .
47
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39
2.1.2
: 12 3
: 13
,
26
4
12 .
;
:
12 3 . -
12 : 3 = 4. 1
12 43 = , 4 .
:12 : 6 2= 2 2 4 = .
2
12 46 = , 4 .
:12 : 12 = 1 4 1 4 = .
4
12 412 = , 4 . -
. 1 2 4
, ,3 6 12 -
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:
14
23
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4 1 3 2.
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2 4 2 .
2.
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4 3 2
4 3 22 3
4 3
4 3 2
2 3 2
1 3
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42
1. , :3 ..... 2 10 4 ..... 3 30
, , ,5 20 7 ..... 6 12 8 .....
= = = =
2. :14
= = =
35
= = =
310
= = =
3. , - :1824
= = =
2030
= = =
3672 = = =
4. 23
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5. 6 :) 1, ) 8, ) 13, ) 12.
6. 34
:
) 8, ) 16. ) 24, ) 40.
7. :18 10 27 22
, , ,24 35 63 55
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43
8. x 19
15x
-
.
9. :3 1 2 2 3 5 6 59
.... .... .... ....4 2 5 4 8 12 10 100
10. 1 2 3 17
, , ,4 5 10 20
.
11. , .
49
26
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;
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5
12 .
;
13. 47 ,
9
14 . ;
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45
:
. 2 1
9 6
+ .
, . . .. 6 9.
6 9 2
3 9 3
1 3 3
1 1
E.K. .(6,9) 2 3 3 18= = .
:2 2 2 4
9 9 2 18
= =
1 1 3 3
6 6 3 18
= =
.
2 1 4 3 79 6 18 18 18
+ = + = .
7
18 .
. .
2 19 6
.
2 1 4 3 19 6 18 18 18
= = .
:
,
. :
+ =
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46
1. .
2 3 7 5 3 1... ... ...10 10 8 8 20 20+ = + = + =
3 1 2 5 3 1 7 3... ... ...
9 9 9 10 10 10 8 8+ + = + + = =
9 5 15 7 2 8 7 1... ... ...
10 10 30 30 30 12 12 12 = = =
2. :3 1
...5 2
+ = 7 1 ...15 5
+ =
1 2 1 1...
2 6 3 18+ + + =
4 1...
6 4 = 2 1 7 ...
3 10 15 =
3. :2 6 3 ...
... ... ... 15
+ + = 3 ... 1 8
... 10 ... ...
+ + =
18 ... ...... 50 ...
= 17 ... 4 820 ... ... ...
=
4. :3
2 ...5
+ = 1 15 ...3 2
+ + = 37 ...8
=
16 ...
4 = 326 ...
8 = 314 ...
20 =
5. 2 . 34
,
;
6. 13
, 39
-
, 2
12
318
.
;
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2.1.4.
1 :
, 29
.
3 ;
:
29
, 3 2
39
.
: 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 69 9 9 9 9 9
+ + + + = = = .
2 3 2 6
39 9 9
= = .
2 :
50 . 3
10
, ;
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10 50
510
= .
50
3 3 5 1510 = = .
50 3 50 33 50 15
10 10 10
= = = .
, -
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5010
. :
1. .
2. ( ) , .
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49
:
35 .
27
, -
;
: 7 .
1 3
7 5
.
1 5 - 3 7 , 1 -
7 5 35 = 3 . 1 3 3 27 5 7 5 35 = =
.
2 3 1 3 3 2 3 6
2 27 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 35
= = = =
.
:
, -
. :
=
.
: ;
)2 77 2 )
3 88 3 )
15
5 )
:)
2 7 2 7 141
7 2 7 2 14
= = =
. )
3 8 3 8 241
8 3 8 3 24
= = =
)1 5 1 5
5 15 5 5
= = = ) 1
= =
!
1. - 1, : .
. -
) 27
72 .
-
8/6/2019 n15 Mathimatika Kathimerini Zoh
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50
1. :
) 45 ...7 = ) 39 ...
8 = ) 7 3 ...
12 = ) 15 1000 ...
100 =
2. :
)2 1
...5 3 = ) 3 2 ...
4 3 = ) 5 4 ...
8 10 =
)2 4
...3 3 = ) 2 7 ...
7 2 = ) 10 13 ...
13 10 =
3. 6 . 23
;
4. 210 km. 2
23
;
5. 420 . 47
;
6. :
) 3
10
) 56
) 34
) 720
7. 34
. -
: ) 80 kg, ) 68 kg, ) 96 kg.
8. O 23
. 35
, ;
-
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51
9. 12
.. 13
.
;
10. 29
. 12
100 -
4 , 4 ;
11. 6 .
3
10
25
-
, :) .])
.) .
12. .
3 58
.
25 ,
.
-
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52
2.1.5.
1 :
35
. -
6 ;
:
35
6.
3
6 : 5 . .
1 35
, 15
13
. -
1 =55
1 5
53 3 = . 6
5 306 10
3 3 = = .
3 5
6 : 6 105 3
= = .
2 :
27
1000 kg. -
;
:
27
1000 kg, 17
1000
502
= kg. -
7
7
1
7
7
. 7500 kgr = 3500 kg .
:
.
:
= = .
-
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53
:
23
58
.
;
:
5 2
:8 3
.
23
58
, 13
:
1 5 5 12 8 8 2 = 5 5
8 2 16= =
.
33
:5 3 5 5 3 15
38 2 8 2 8 2 16
= = = .
:5 2 5 3 15
:8 3 8 2 16
= = .
:
.
:
:
= = .
5 2
:8 3
. -
(:).
: ]5
5 2 5 3 158:28 3 8 2 16
3
= = =
.
5 2
,8 3
.
5832
,527
,
8113
.
5 2 5 3 15
:8 3 8 2 16
= = , :
55 3 158
2 8 2 163
= =
-
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54 :
1. , ,
.2. - .
=
1. :
) 32 : ...5
= ) 7 :14 ...8
= ) 21: ...7
= ) 12 : 4 ...15
=
2. :
)1 3
: ...2 4
= ) 2 8: ...5 10
= ) 2 1: ...9 6
= ) 25 5: ...30 6
=
3. :
)
89
...23
= )
310
...12
= )4
...815
= )
3215
...8 =
4. 2 . 25
-
;
5. 27
34
.
;
6. 49
-
3
10. 5 ;
7. 23
. 27
;
-
8/6/2019 n15 Mathimatika Kathimerini Zoh
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55
8. 15 72 . 5
16
, :) .) .
9. 34
. , , -
25
, .
90 . :
) .) .
-
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56
2.1.6.
7 28 9
, ,10 100 1000 , 10, 100, 1000, .
235 200 30 5 2 100 3 10 5 1= + + = + + . 23510
:
235 2 100 3 10 5 1 2 100 3 10 5 1 52 10 3
10 10 10 10 10 101
23 23 0,5 23,52
+ + = = + + = + + =
= + = + =
235
100, :
235 2 100 3 10 5 1 2 100 3 10 5 1 3 52
100 100 100 100 100 10 100
+ + = = + + = + + =
2 0,3 0,05 2,35= + + =
:
1. . 2. ,
.
1. :3
10=, 4
100= , 29
100= 789
100=,
13.462100
= , 711000
= 682510.000
= , 356.829100.000
=
2. :0,3 =, 1,9 =, 0,008 = 35,42 =, 679,134 =, 3,0005 =
-
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-
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58
1. , :
)35
)188
)12616
)256215
2. ) ) .
)15
7 )
125
14
)5616
)683
-
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2.2.
,
15C , 5C . 15C 5C. - .
, - - +.
: , , ..
: , , ..
(0) , + 0 0 (0).
,
, . :
{ }0, 1, 2, 3, ...=
, , - ( ), .
, , . , , .
2.2.1.
xx . , 1.
A = 1. , , , , ,
= = = = = 1.
, , , 2, 3, 4,
-
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-
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61
1. - :
+ 17, 18, 72,14
, 9, 2,5,16
,1
34
2. - :
3 761, 34, 14, 45, 28, , , 125, 7
19 15 +
3. (< >):) 9 . . . . 24 ) 8 . . . . 0 ) 32 . . . . 0
)61
. . . . 44
)8
. . . . 115
) 9 . . . 6
) 1,4 . . . . 1 )3 1
. . . .4 4
)3
15,9 . . . .7
4. :1 3
2, 9, 4, , , 65 5
+ -
- .
2.2.2.
1:
+ 2 - . + 3 . ;
: (+ 2) + (+ 3). 2 - 3 , 2 + 3 = 5 . (+ 2) + (+ 3) = + 5. , , 2 3 . : ( 2) + ( 3). + 5 . 5 5 . ( 2) + ( 3) = 5.
-
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62
:
.
2 :
, , + 5 - . 3 . - ;
: (+ 5) + ( 3). 3 , 3 . 5 - , 2 , - + 2 . : (+ 5) + ( 3) = + 2 :
, -
- .
3 :
5 - . + 2 . ;
:
(+ 2) ( 5). E - 5 2 , 5 2 . +7 . -: (+ 2) ( 5) = + 7.
:
- .
: = + ( )
-
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63
1. :) (+ 9) + (+ 2) = )( 15) + ( 5) = ) ( 7) + (+ 7) = )(+ 3) + ( 3) = ) (+ 9) (+ 2) = )( 15) ( 5) = ) ( 7) (+ 7) = )(+ 7) ( 7) = ) (+ 3) ( 3) = )( 3) (+ 3) =
2. , :) = + 8 = + 3 ) = 8 = 3) = + 8 = 3 ) = 8 = + 3
3. + 15C + 5C. ;
4. 4C + 2 . .
5. 100 m, - . 150 m,
;
6. + 13 . + 8 ;
-
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64
-
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3.
3.1.
, - , , .. .
- , , , , .
: - . : - ...
-
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66
3.1.
25/100 . 25 25 25%. - 25%
- 1.250 . :
% 100.
24% 24/100 . - 24% 1.250
24
1.250 300 100
= .
/100 /1000 % o oo .
. . o oo oo17 43
17 , 43100 1000
= =
: % 1. 2. 100.
1 :
30% 800
:
30% 800 30
800 240100
=
: %1. 1002. . / -
(100 ):
-
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67
2 :
4/25 %
:4 400
100 1625 25
= = 16%
: %:1. 1002. 3. , 100.
% ( )100 100
+ .
3 :
350 12%;
:
( )100 12
350 427100
+
= =
% - - ;
: 120.000 - 4%. - ;
:
4
120.000 4800100
=
;120.000 + 4.800 = 124.800
-
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68
-
:
1,25 1,70
:
1.70 1.25 = 0.45
0,450.36
1.25=
360.36 36%
100= =
:
%1. 1002. 3. 100.
% ( )100
100
4 :
72 5%.
:
( )100 5 72 68.4
100
= = ( = 5, = 72)
-
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69
%
:
80 - 35%. -
:
:35
80 28100
=
:80 28 = 52
-
: 120. 80. -
: 120 80 = 40 .
40
0,333120
=
-
333
0,333 33,3%100
= =
% %. ;
: 80 30% 50% - . - ;
-
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70
:
3080 24100
=
50
24 12100
= .
-
: 3% 1% - 9% .
: - . . 3 + 1 + 9 = 13 13%
3.1.1.
: %
:
100
= .
( ) 6 x
: x
, x 61200
= .
1: 20.000 4%, 3
20000 4 3
2001200
= =
( = 20.000, = 4, x = 3)
-
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71
( . ..)
18% 6% , .
2: 900 18% -
18
900 1062100
+ =
1 :
4%. 6 - 15.300 . ;
: 100 4 6
2. 15.300 102100
-
102 100
15300 : 15300 15000100 102
= =
: x
x 4 6x 1530001200
+ = xx 15300
50+ = 51x 76500 x 1500= =
2 : 1.200 18%. - 500 2 , 3 6 . - 2%. ;
:
... 181200 216100=
500 (1.200 + 216) 500 = 916.
916 : 2 = 458
3 2
458 27,5100
=
6 2
458 55100
=
500 + 916 + 55 + 27,5 = 1498,5
: -
x = ,
- x - - .
-
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72
1. () () .
1) 3% 30o
oo
2) 1/5 50% 3) 50% 4) 150% 500 750 5) 20% 0,02 6) 65% ,
30% 10% 7) 200%
8) 2,25 2. 25% 9)
1,25 1,50 20%
2. :
2/5 3/24 1,3 30% 90%
3. :A)
i) 2 1 ) 15%ii) 100 25 ) 50%iii) 1 2 ) 233,33%iv) 300 700 ) 200%
) 254)
i) 5 10 ) 25%ii) 10 5 ) 35%iii) 444 555 ) 50%iv) 555 444 ) 20%
) 100
-
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73
4. 2 7 2
, ,50 45 15
15%, 2,15%, 162%.
5. () 25% ().
6. 11 , 10 9 - . - .
7. ; -
.
8. 300. 3% 5% :. ;. % ;
9. 5% ( ) 10%. 85, ;
10. 2.500 . 25% , 30% , 10% 10% -
. .. ;
-
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3.2
1 : , 60.000, 6% 15.500 18%. , 20% 18%. .
:
6
60.000 3.600100 =
18
15.500 2.790100 = , 6.390.
, 60.000 + 15.500 + 3.600 + 2.790 = 81.890 .
20%. ,
120
81.890 98.268100 = , 98.268 81.890 = 16.378.
:18
98.268 17.688, 27100 = ,
17.688 6.390 = 11.298,24.
2 : , -Bank G-Bank - 10 40 . 15% 12% , - , 1500 . ;
:
-Bank 1500 15
225100
= .
,
10 + 225 = 235. G-Bank 1500 12
180100
= -
40 + 180 = 220. , G-Bank.
-
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76
3 : 1550 . , 950 .
, 190 , , 60 35 .i. ;ii. ;iii. ;iv. 35 , ;
:
i. 950
100 61, 291550
= % .
ii. 190
100 12, 26%1550
= .
iii. 190
100 20%950
= .
iv. 35 60
100 3,87%1550
=
.
4 : 18% ( + ) 1660. .
:
18
100 .
, 1888 , 100 18 118100 100 100
+ = .
, 118100
1888.
1
100 1888:118 = 16.
,100100
16 100 1600 = .
, 1600.
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77
5 : 10.000 3%. -
. .
:
x 10.000 3 1300
100 100
= = = .
, 10.000 + 300 = 10.300.
K x 10.300 3 1
309100 100
= = = .
, 10.300 + 309 = 10.609. , 10.609
:10.609 3 1
10.609 10.609 318, 27 10.927, 27100
+ = + =
6 : 1600. 40% 4 , 1,5% .
i. .ii. , -
18% ;iii. ;
:
i. 1600. 40% , 40
1600 640100
= .
: 1600 640 = 960, 4 1,5% .
: 960:4 = 240. 1,5% . :
( 1 )1,5
240 240 240 3,6 243,6100
+ = + = .
( 2 )3
240 240 240 7, 2 247, 2100
+ = + = .
-
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78
( 3 )4,5
240 240 250,8100
+ = .
( 4
)6
240 240 254, 4100+ =
.ii. , 40% , 640 18%
, 18
1600 288100
= .
243,6+247,2+250,8+254,4 = 996.
, : + + = 640+288+996 = 1924.
iii. , (1600)
(288), 1888.
-
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79
.
1. 80 5% :. 85 . 84 . 83 . 90
2. 18% 23,6. ;. 22,6 . 20 . 21 . 22
3. 60 70,8. :. 18% . 10,8% . 10% . 16%
4. 4%. 6 - 15.300. ;. 15.000 . 14.800 . 14.900 . 15.100
5. , 9 11 16 18 . ;
6. 20.000 4%. . .
7. 16000. 50% 8 , - 1% .) .) 400 90 .
8. 30000 3%. ( 15% ).
9. :
30% 50
20% 70
500 5%
120 138
10. 3000, 2% ,1% 10% ( ).i) ;ii) ;
iii) ;
-
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81
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
3,5cm 3cm 1cm 2,5cmMEGA ANT ALPHA NET
, , -
0, 35, 65 (30+35), 75 (65+10), 100. - 4 ,
35%, 30%, 10%, 25%.
0
50%
10%
20%
30%
40%60%
70%
80%
90%
MEGA
ANT
NET
ALPHA
75%
65% 35%
-
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82
1 :
, 300 .
90 150 60
i) .ii) .
: 300.
90 300 .
, 90 3
0,3 30%300 10
= = = .
150 300 .
, 150 1
0,5 50%300 2
= = = .
60 300 .
60 1
0, 2 20%300 5= = = .
, :
90 150 60 30% 50% 20%
-
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83 :
0, 30, 80 (30+50).
2 : ( ) .
i) .ii) .
30%900
500
100% 2.000
: 2000 .
900 2000.
, 900 9
0, 45 45%2000 20
= = = .
30% .
,30
2000 600100
= .
500 2000.
,500 1
0, 25 25%2000 4
= = = .
-
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84 , :
45%30%25%
900600500
100% 2.000
:
2530
4 5
3 : , : 10 - , : 20 , : 40 , 50 .
0
50%40%
90%
A
B
1) .2)
.
-
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85
: , 40% 50 10 -
. , 40 50 20100 = .
50% ( , 90% - 40%) 20 .
,50
50 25100
= .
10% 40 . ,10
50 5100
= .
, :
10 20 40
20 25 5
40% 50% 10%
:
25
5
20
10 20 40
: 10cm,
4cm, 5cm, 1cm, 40%, 50%, 10%.
10 . 20 . 40.
4 cm 5 cm 1 cm
10 cm
-
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86
4 :
15% 65% 20%
:
0 1 2
5.000
: 15% 5000 ,
155.000 750
100 = .
65% 5000 1 , 65
5.000 3.250100
= -
20% 5000 2 , 20 5.000 1.000100
= -
. , :
0 1 2
15% 65% 20% 100%
750 3.250 1.000 5.000
-
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87
1. - . 420, - .
2. :
40%456
100% 1.200
) .) -
.
3. , , , , .
20 16 4 32 8
-
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-
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90 , , -
. . .
, 2 3 5 1
8 12 20 4= = = .
x, y y = x, .. , y = 4x.
1 : 48. 4 ;
: . x 4 , :
6 4
48 x
, 6 4
48 x= , 6x 4 48= .
, x = 32.
2 : 11 lt. 3%. ;
: 100, 103. :
100 11
103 x
100 11103 x
= 100x 103 11= . , x = 11,33.
, 11,33.
3 : , .
7 5 28 36
:
=
=
-
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92 ) m , :
10
38,5 4,5
,B 10
4,5B 38538,5 4,5
= = = 85,55m
.
-
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93
3.5.
1 : , 100.000. 20.000, 30.000 50.000. , 30.000. - ;
:
A
20.000 30.000 50.000
100.000 100.000 100.000
A
30.000 30.000 30.000
-
, 20.000
100.000 30.000
=
= 6.000. 30.000
100.000 30.000
=
= 9.000, 50.000
100.000 30.000
= = 15.000.
x1, x 2, x 3 1, 2, 3 ,
3 1 2 31 2
1 2 3 1 2 3
x x x x ...x x...
...+ + +
= = = = + + +
.
, ( ) .
-
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94
2 : , , , -
10.000, . , 7 , 5
8;
: ,, , :
10.000500
7 5 8 20 20 + +
= = = = = .
,
500 =3.500 500 =2.500 500 =4.0007 5 8 = = =
:
A
7 5 8
20 20 20
A
10.000 10.000 10.000
:7
=3.50020 10.000
=
: 5 =2.50020 10.000
=
:8
=4.00020 10.000
=
-
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95
3.6.
, - , .
4
=
1 4
=
, - .
- .
m m
1 4
3 12
2 8
1 2 3
4
8
12
x, x = ,
.
1 : , - - x, , :i) - .ii) :
x 6 1
4 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2
4
x
-
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96
:i) , -
. , . x ,
x = (1).
(3,2),
(1), 2
2 3 =3
= . 2
x3
= (2).
ii) (2) x = 6 = 4, x = 1 = 2/3 = 4 x = 6.
, :
x 6 1 6 3
4 2/3 4 2
2: = 1,5x (1).i) .ii)
(2,4), (2,3), (4,6), (3,5) .
:i) x ,
x = .
- x = , .
ii) (1):. x = 2 = 3. , (2,4) ( -
) = 1,5x.B. x = 2 = 3. , (2,3) .. x = 4 = 6. , (4,6) . , .
-
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97
1. ;) (5,20) (2,8) ) (3,6) (6,9)
) (,) (3, 3) ) (1,3) (2,9) ) (12
,5) (1,10)
2. .
i. .
ii. .
iii. .
iv. .
v. () .
vi. .
3. 18m 27, 30m : . 35 .45 . 50 . 39
4. 1,5% . 80kg:. 3 . 4 . 5 . 6
5. :
kg 2 7,5
8 32 2
6. 1/6 :) :
18 5
8 12
-
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98
) .
7. :
x 3 1
20 1
(2,8), .
8. 130km 1 30 . :) 3 , ) 2 40
9. 80 lt . lt - ( ), 6 ;
10. , 50.000, 35.000 20.00. 10.000. ;
11. 1850. , 10% . , . 8 , 12 - 10 , ;
12. = 0,5x (1).i) .
ii) :
x 4 0,1
12 2
iii) (1).iv) (2,1), (3,6), (6,3), .
-
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99
3.7. . . 1: 100.000
1: 200, -
1
100.000( )
1200
( ).
, 1: : 1
=
2 :
.
! . 2 :
/cm 2 4
6 12
-
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100
2 4 16 12 3
= = . ,
. , 3 3 .
1 : 1: 100.000. 1cm , :1cm 100.000 cm 1.000 m 1 Km
2 : 1: 1.000.000 5,5cm. - 2 .
5 ,5 c m
1:1.000.000
:
x, 5,5 1x 1.000.000
= x = 5.500.000cm 55.000m 55km.
3 :
1
250 16cm.
m 2.
:
cm x,
16 1x 250
= , x = 4.000cm 40m.
, E = 40 2 =1.600m 2.
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101
4 : :
)
1 : 3 12 cm
1 : 50 4 cm
3 : 10 150 cm)
20 km 2 cm
100 km1
2.000.000
50 m 10 cm
:
) 1
3
=
12 1x 3
= x = 36cm.
,4 1
x 50= x = 200cm.
,3
150 10
= = 45cm.
) 2 1
20.000.000 1.000.000
= =
5cm 1100.000.000 20.000.000
= = 10 1
5.000 500= =
-
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5 :
() () 1 2 . -
.
() ()
1 1 =3
2 6 2
= =
1 1 =1
2 2 2
= =
.
1 1
=22 2
= =
.
1 1
=42 2
= =
.
= 1, = 2, = 1, = 2,
6 4 8 2 4 2 4 2 2 342
3 2 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 17+ + + + + + + +
= = =+ + + + + + + +
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1. 1:100.000, - , .
1 0 c m
4 ,5 c m
A
B
2. 1: 150.000:
) 3,6cm.
) 8,4km.
3. , 1/500.
(cm) 10 100
(m) 24
4. , 1:50. , .
5 4 0 0 m m
6 3 3 3 m m
1 3 2 5 m m
1 3 2 5 m m
1 1 5 0 m m
7 c m
A B
8 c m
7 c m
5. A1, A 2, A 3, A 4. A2, A 3, A 4
1.
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A 2A 1
A 4
A 3
6. 4cm, 12km. .
7. 1500
4cm.
.
8. :
10 Km 4 cm
10 1 : 100
2 cm 1 : 250.000
9. 1: 1000, 12cm. 1:500;
10. . 1:100.000. , 84km, 1 . - , 3,8m.
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107 , 10,
10. m - dm 10, 23:10 = 2,3. , - dm 10, 23 10 230cm = .
1 : 1,7dm. - mm;
:1,7dm = 17cm = 170mm
2 :
432cm. m;
:432cm = 43,2dm = 4,32m
3 : 2m 3dm 8cm
) m;) cm;
:) 2m + 3dm + 8cm = 2m + 3dm + 0,8dm =
=2m + 0,3m + 0,08m = 2,38m) 2m + 3dm + 8cm = 20dm + 3dm + 8cm =
=200cm + 30cm + 8cm = 238cm
: ,
, , (km)
1000m.
km
mx1000
:1000
km m 1000, m km 1000.
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4 : , 4,3km. m;
:4,3km = 4,3x1000m = 4.300m
5 : 43.580m . km ;
:43.580m = 43.580:1000km = 43,580km
: , ,
. (yrd) - 3 (ft) 12 (in).
, :
1 yrd = 0,9144 m = 91,44 cm
1 ft = 0,3048 m = 30,48 cm
1 in = 0,0254 m = 2,54 cm
yrd, ft in m cm . .
6 :
- 20.000 . m;
20.000 = 20.000 0,3048m = 6.096m
7 : 32 80cm. ;
:80cm 80 : 2, 54in 31, 49in= = , .
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109
: ( )
1.852m. m 1852, 1852.
8 : 82 . km ;
:82 = 82 1852m 151.864m 151.864:1000km 151,864km = = =
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4.3.
, (m2), - 1m. 12m 2 - 12 1m . , :
) (dm 2) 1dm,) (cm 2) 1cm,) (mm 2) 1mm.
- , 1dm - 1m.
1m
1m
1 d m
1dm
1m 2
10x10 = 100dm. , - .
.
m2
dm 22 2 211dm m 0,01m
100= =
cm 2 2 2 211cm m 0,0001m
10.000= =
mm 2 2 2 211mm m 0,000001m
1.000.000= =
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.
1m 2 = 100dm 2 = 10.000cm 2 =1.000.000mm 2
1dm 2 = 100cm 2 = 10.000mm 2
1cm 2 = 100mm 2
, .
m
dm
cm
mmx100
:100x100
x100
:100
:1002
2
2
2
, 100, 100.
1 : cm 2 12m 2.
:12m 2 = 12x100dm 2 = 1200x100cm 2 = 120.000cm 2
2 : m 2 2dm 2 75cm 2;
:2dm 2 + 75cm 2 = 2dm 2 + 75:100dm 2 == 2dm 2 + 0,75dm 2 = 2,75dm 2 = 2,75:100m 2 = 0,0275m 2
, (km 2) - 1km , 1000m 2. - .
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113
km
x1000
:1000
m2
2
x1000
:1000
3 :
m2
3,7 ; :
3,7 = 3,7x1000m 2 = 3.700m 2
4 : 750.000m 2. ;
:750.000m 2 = 750.000:1000 = 750 = 750:1000km 2 = 0,75km 2
, , -
. - .
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4. :0,29m 2 , 2.750cm 2 , 31,2dm 2 , 37.260mm 2
5. :
) 45032cm 2 ) 127670mm 2 ) 20407mm 2 ) 1790054cm 2
6. , 1.600cm 2. m2 ;
7.
8. 4,32 , 8 . ;
9. 400cm 2 6m 2;
10. , 1kg 8m 2. 12.000dm 2;
11. 15% . 80m 2;
12. 43.000m 2. , 4 ;
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117
1m 3 = 1000dm 3 = 1.000.000cm 3 = 1.000.000.000mm 3
1dm 3 = 1.000cm 3 = 1.000.000mm 3
1cm 3 = 1.000mm 3
, - :
m
dm l
cm l
mmx1000
:1000x1000
x1000
:1000
:1000
3
3
3
3
, , 1000, , 1000.
1 : 3,2m 3;
:3,2 m 3 = 3,2x1000 = 3.200
2 : m 75mm 3;
:75mm 3 = 75:1000 m = 0,075 m
, , (km 3), 1km 1.000.000.000m 3. 3,5km 3 , 3,5x1.000.000.000 = 3.500.000.000m 3.
(gal), 4,405 .
, - 159 .
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118
O I LO I L
..
159
3 : 55 - , ;
:
159 , 55:159 0,35 35 .
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119
1.
() () : ) 2dm 3 = 2 l ) 3,7cm 3 = 370mm 3 ) 2,4 l = 2400ml ) 52m 3 = 520dm 3 ) 3mm 3 = 0,0003cm 3 ) 572dm 3 = 0,572m 3 ) 7ml = 7000mm 3
2. :
) dm 3 2,8m 3;
A. 0,28dm 3 B. 28dm 3 . 280dm 3 . 2800dm 3 E. 2.800.000dm 3
) cm 3 3,72dm 3;
A. 0,00372cm 3 B. 0,0372cm 3 . 0,372cm 3 . 37,2cm 3 E. 3.720cm 3
) km 3 75.000m 3;
A. 0,000075km 3 B. 0,075km 3 . 7,5km 3 . 750km 3 E. 7.500.000km 3
) 4,2 ;
A. 12,5 B. 15,8 . 18,5 . 89 E. 185
3. :
m3 3,75
dm 3 752,4
cm 3 35.200
mm 3 7.500.000
4. :6,2m 3, 5.900 l, 6.000.000 ml, 5.800.000.000mm 3
5. :) 3.211dm 3 ) 7.252.546cm 3 ) 340.021mm 3
6. 1,5 . 150cm 3. ;
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7. 150m 3 . - 0,75 ;
8. 0,25dm 3. - ( 5 m ), 4 . ;
9. 2,5m 3 . 1500 , ;
10. 12m 3 . 300 , ;
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121
4.5. (kg)
1 4 . 1kg . -
, . (g) (mg ). (t). -
.
t 1t = 1000kg
kg 1kg = 1000gr
g1
1g kg 0,001kg1.000
= =
mg1
1mg kg 0,0000011.000.000
= =
1t = 1000kg = 1.000.000g = 1.000.000.000mg
1kg = 1.000g = 1.000.000mg
1g = 1.000mg
, - :
t
kg
g
mgx1000
:1000x1000
x1000
:1000
:1000
1000, , - 1000.
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1 :
30 20mg . ;
: 30 20 600mg 600 :1000g 0,6g = = = .
2 : 2kg , . 16 . ;
:2kg 2 1000g 2000g= = 2000:16 125g= .
: , .
, , 0,2g. 20 , - 20 0, 2 4g = .
1kg, . - .
1,031
0,920,8
0,69
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123
: 5 -
;
: 0,92 , 5 -
5 0,92 4,6kg =
5 L
1. () () :
) 5,2kg = 5.200g ) 750mg = 0,75g ) 1200kg = 12t ) 50 = 20g ) 1 l 1kg
2. :) 2,5 ;A. 0,25kg B. 25kg . 250kg . 2500kg E. 25.000kg
) 500mg;A. 0,5g B. 5g . 50g . 5000g E. 500.000g) 2560 ;A. 0,256kg B. 2,56kg . 256kg . 256.000kg E. 2.560.000kg) 2 ;A. 1,38kg B. 1,6kg . 2kg . 2,06kg E. 6,9kg
3. :
kg 2,7
g 1.500
mg 350.000
4. 200g. - 3kg;
5. 15 800g. ;
6. 1,3 . 5 -
75kg 100kg . - ;
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124
7. 180g . kg 12 ;
8. 200mg. 10mg/ m . 20 m ;
9. 2mg . 20mg - 25 ;
10. 30kg. - , 200g;
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125
4.6.
(s). (min) 60s, (h),
60min 24h.
: , -
4.000 .
:
1 = 24h = 1.440min = 86.400s
1h = 60min = 3.600s
1min = 60s
, . 30 ( -
) 12 , 360 ( 365 366 -
). 100 .
1 : 17.45 4 - 40 15 . ;
: 40x4 = 160min 15 3 45min = .
, 160 + 45 = 205min. 21.10 :
17h 45min3h 25min+
20h 70min21h 10min
( 60
60 )
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126
2 : 21 1960. 25
2005;
: :
20042005 3 251960 9 21
44 6 4
_
15
:( ,
. , 1 2005, 12 ).
:
.
, , . 24 - .
. . . Greenwich . - .
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3 : 9.00, :
) ) ) )
:) , :
9.00 2.00 = 7.00 .) , :
9.00 7.00 = 2.00 ( !)) , 9.00 .) , :
9.00 + 8.00 = 17.00 .
4 : 17.15 - 19.25 . ;
: , 19.25 ,
20.25 . 20.25 17.15 = 3h 10min.
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128
1.
() () : ) 2,5 250 ) 200 3 20 ) 90 1,5 ) 12.00 , 14.00 ) 20.00 , 19.00
2. : ) 3 :
. 3,25min B. 135min . 195min . 255min E. 325min ) 2min 30s :
. 23s B. 150s . 230s . 270s E. 30s) 250 min :
. 2h 50min B. 3h 10min . 3h 50min . 4h 10min E. 5h) 18.00 , :
. 11.00 B. 12.00 . 15.00 . 18.00 E. 23.00
3. :
3,2 510
7.2004. 6.35 10.15 .
;
5. 45min 15min - 9.45 . ) ;) 5min 5min , ;
6. .
7. 7min - 6min . 23min 12min. 8.30 . ;
8. 9.00 14.30 . 20min . ;
9. 19.00 - . ;
10. 2h 50min. 16.20 . ;
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129
4.7.
2001, , - . 100 . - 1 , 2 , 5 , 10 , 20 , 50 , 1 2 .
5 , 10 , 20 , 50 -, 100 , 200 500 .
1 : 16,57 - 20. ;
: 20 16,57 = 3,43 2,
1, 20 , 2 1 . .
2 : . 2,63 750 m , 2,45 600 m . ;
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130
: ,
. 2,63 : 0,75 = 3,5 . 2,63 : 0,6 = 4,08 . .
- , . .. - . - .
( 30,000 EURO)
09/12/2005-
USD 1,1764 1,1999 1,1529
DKK 7,4491 7,5981 7,3001
GBP 0,67495 0,68845 0,66145
SEK 9,4217 9,6101 9,2333
JPY 141,82 144,66 138,98
GHF 1,5387 1,5695 1,5079
NOK 7,9250 8,0835 7,7665
CYP 0,57330 0,58477 0,56183
CAD 1,3677 1,3951 1,3403
AUD 1,5762 1,6077 1,5447
- , - .
, - .
1 .
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131
3 : 500 .
;
: , 0,6872
. , 500 : 0,66145 = 755,92.
4 : 100 .
. , 3%. ;
: 100 : 1,1999 = 83,34.
(100 : 1,1764) x 0,97 = 82,45. .
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132
1.
() () ( - ).
) 1 = 141,82 JPY ) 1 CAD = 1,3677 ) 10 = 5,733 CYP ) 10 AUD = 15,762
2. :
) 200USD :. 166,68 . 170,01 . 173,47 . 239,98 . 230,58
) 100 , :. 63,71 . 150,79 . 153,87 . 156,95
3. . ( - ):
100, 120USD, 65GBP, 15.000JPY, 150CHF
4. 2,46. 3 , 1 7,85. ;
5. 750 m 4,27. - 2 11,45. ;
6. 350 - . ;
7. 25 , 15% . ;
8. . , 5 . ;
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133
4.8.
, . - . - . , . - .
mm dm, . -
mm.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
( ),
.
, , - . - , - . - , . , - .
, .
. , - .
, .
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, ( ) . - , .
00.00
,
0. , . . . . , , .
, . , , . , - . , , - , , - , , .
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1. :
)
/minB
4000
2000 6000
80000
)
0
1 0 0
2003 0 0
4 0 0
C
)
km/hB
100
50 150
2000
2. , . .
0
2
10
100500
1
3 45 20
1 5
10
3. .
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136
4. .
5. , .
6. - . .
7. .
8. , ( ) .
9. . . .
10. ( ) .
11. 10 , 8g . 10 7g . ;
12. , . , . ;
13. 50 100m. , m/s km/h. 100m .
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5.
5.1.
- . -
;
4 . :
18m+26m+24m+20m=88m 88 .
88m . , .
.
- , - , , .
: / / /
-
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138
, 5 . ;
-
. 5 ., - 4 5 . 20 . =
5
: ,
4 .
- 5m 3m . ;
. , 2 5m 2 3m .
:2 5m 2 3m 10m 6m 16m + = + =
3
5
: , , -
2 2 + .
-
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139
2m, 3,5m 4m. ;
:
4m 2m 3,5m 9,5m+ + = 4m
2 m3 ,5 m
: , , ,
+ + .
-
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140
1. 2 , :. 10 . . 8 . . 20 . . 2 . . 4 .
2. , :
3m 50
8.
10.
3. 110 70 . - 5 . .
4. , , 40 ., . 10 , ;
5. ,
100m, 10m. , 1,50 . ;
-
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141
5.2.
- . ;
.
: 6m 4m, 1m. 20
, ; :
6 4 . , 6 4 24 = . 1m, 1 (m 2), : 2.E 6 4 24m = = . , .
: ,,
, - E = .
-
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142
: 3m, 10 1m. , 10 ;
: 3 3 .
, 23 3 3 9 = = , . 1 (1m 2), 2 23 9m = = .
, 10 , .
, :
2 =
.
- ( ), - , .
, , , .
-
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2 :
, , 80m 30m . - 3 , ;
8 0 m
30m
. - , .
, : 230 40
600m2 2
= = = .
, : 230 40
600m2 2
= = = .
, , :2 2 2
600m 600m 1200m = + = , -
, :3 1200 3600 = .
4 0 m
15m
4 0 m
15m
A
B
1
2
: 1, 2, :
1 2
2
=
-
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146
1. :
5cm 10m 2m
5cm
E=----------------
E=----------------
E=----------------
E=----------------
4m 80cm
8cm
4cm
6cm
2. - , , , , , .
- , -:
()
.() ;
4m
6m
20m
3. 780m. . 100 , ;
A
B300m
210m
1 5 0 m
4. 10m . 2m, .
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1475. -
. 8 , -
- ;
1m
1m 2 m
20m
6. , . .
A
8m
8m
40m
2 0 m
25m
8m
B
7. 40m 50m. , 6m -
, . -
100 , :()
.() -
.
8. - .
4m
9m
-
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148 9.
.
1m
2m5m
10. 3 - . - . - 3 , -.
1,5m
1 0 m
16m
2 ,4 0 m
2m
1,2m
1,5m
1,2m
-
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149
5.3.
. , .- , ( ,).
, .
, ,
. .
, . , () , , - .
, -
, , - .
.
-
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150
,
.
. ;
, 1800 .., Rhid.
216
3,160499 =
( ). , -
,