name index · dodson, kelly 191, 221 dollaghan, christine 320, 321 donaldson, margaret 130, 143...

Name index

Abbeduto, Leonard J. 291Abbot-Smith, Kirsten 202, 228Abramovitch, Rona 247Acredolo, Linda 89, 90, 156Adams, Valerie 255, 274Adamson, H.D. 350Adamson, Lauren B. 27Adone, Dany 204Águila, Eva 343Aimard, Paule 267Akhtar, Nameera 66, 135, 180, 189, 191, 288Aksu-Koç, Ayhan 180, 190, 237, 238Albin, Drema D. 35Alibali, Martha W. 65Alıcı, Didem M. 238Allain, Ashley D. 128, 132Allen, Shanley E.M. 204Allopenna, Paul 189Almazan, Mayella 375Ameel, Eef 339Ament, Wilhelm 15Amiel-Tison, Claudine 59, 340Ammon, Mary Sue 222, 223Amodeo, Luiza B. 389Andersen, Elaine S. 308, 309, 310, 329Andersen, Roger W. 218Anderson, Anne H. 52Anderson, Richard C. 76Andruski, Jean E. 53Anglin, Jeremy M. 75, 83, 130Anisfeld, Moshe 79Ansari, Daniel 375Antinucci, Francesco 190, 216Archibald, John 110, 112Ardery, Gail 231, 232Arlman-Rupp, A. 40, 44Armon-Lotem, Sharon 180Arnberg, Lenore 340Aronoff, Mark 397Arriaga, Rose I. 46Ashburner, John 339Aslin, Richard N. 33, 52, 54, 55, 57, 61, 64,68, 70, 380, 396

Atkinson, Martin 82Au, Terry K.-F. 81, 127, 136

Aubry, Stephanie 204, 205Austin, John L. 13, 300Aviezer, Ora 304Axia, Giovanna 318, 319, 323, 324, 325

Baayen, R. Harold 195Bahrick, Lorraine E. 27Baird, Jodie A. 291Baker, Anne E. 291, 314Baker, Erica 383Baldwin, Dare A. 28, 130, 134, 135, 139Baldwin, Gillian 172, 398Balfour, George 130, 143Ballem, Kate D. 71Bamberg, Michael G.W. 335Baratz, Joan C. 351Bard, Barbara 39, 40Bard, Ellen G. 52Barham, Zita 375Barinaga, Marcia 358Barlow-Brown, Fiona 88Barnett, R. K. 33Baroni, Maria R. 319Barresi, John 28Barrett, Martyn D. 78, 85Barrière, Michèle 58Bartlett, Elsa 136Barton, David 70Barton, Michelle E. 28, 140, 288, 304Bassano, Dominique 117, 186Basser, L. S. 363Bates, Elizabeth 28, 46, 77, 80, 81, 88, 132, 185,

283, 289, 317, 318, 319, 363, 399Baudouin de Courtenay, Jan 15, 267Bauer, Harold R. 77, 97, 117Bauer, Laurie 255Baumgartner, Emma 335Bavelier, Daphne 361Becker, Judith A. 227, 269, 319, 372Beckman, Mary E. 113Bee, Helen L. 69Beeman, William 321Behne, Tanya 88Behrend, Douglas A. 127, 189Behrens, Heike 155, 172, 202, 228

465

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-73293-2 - First Language Acquisition: Second EditionEve V. ClarkIndexMore information

http://www.cambridge.org/9780521732932

http://www.cambridge.org


Bekkering, Harold 284Bellugi, Ursula 19, 212, 213, 216, 355, 362Benoit, Pamela J. 300Benson, Nancy J. 130Berko Gleason, Jean 5, 19, 27, 42, 69, 180, 184,187, 279, 310, 353

Berlin, Brent 125Berman, Ruth A. 180, 220, 258, 259, 261, 267,271, 276, 277, 332, 333, 335, 384, 385

Bernicot, Josie 29, 43, 47, 164, 291, 294Bernstein-Ratner, Nan 33, 48Berthoud, Ioanna 117, 186, 291, 292, 295, 375Bertoncini, Josiane 56, 58, 59, 71, 340Bever, Thomas G. 162, 178, 193, 381Bialystok, Ellen 336, 337, 353, 368Bierschwale, Donna T. 128, 132Bijeljac-Babic, Ranka 56Bill, Brigitte 134Bíró, Szilvia 284Bishop, Dorothy V.M. 375Blake, Joanna 284, 341Bloch, Oscar 160Bloom, Lois 29, 51, 78, 81, 86, 115, 116, 123,132, 152, 153, 170, 171, 214, 215, 218, 232, 233,239, 245, 285, 294, 295, 296, 298, 398

Bloom, Paul 10Blumstein, Sheila E. 56Boas, Franz 333Bock, J. Kathryn 383Bohn, William E. 114Boivin, Isabelle 346, 352Bolinger, Dwight 149, 211, 239Booth, Amy E. 134Borer, Hagit 11, 371Bornstein, Marc 343Boroditsky, Lera 81Bosch, Laura 340, 343Bouvier, Nadine 186, 235, 314Bowerman, Melissa 37, 82, 86, 100, 106, 107,108, 131, 141, 145, 146, 159, 161, 164, 171,175, 207, 218, 219, 220, 221, 224, 246, 247, 249,269, 386, 392, 393

Bowles, Hugo 185, 197, 399Bowman, Laura L. 127Boyle, Mary K. 193Braine, Martin D. S. 42, 159, 160, 161, 165, 167,171, 191, 224

Brandone, Amanda C. 135Branigan, George 108, 116, 153Braun, Allen 361Braunwald, Susan R. 218Breedlove, David E. 125Bregman, Albert S. 63, 369Brennan, Susan E. 52Brent, Michael R. 167, 189, 193Bresson, François 175, 186, 314Bretherton, Inge 329

Brewer, William F. 130Bright, William 388Brinkmann, Ursula 225Broca, Paul 359Brody, Ruth E. 224Broen, Patricia A. 34, 35, 36, 37Brooks, Patricia J. 92, 169, 221Brosseau-Lapré, Françoise 343Brown, H. Douglas 235Brown, Natasha B. 135, 140Brown, Penelope 81, 171, 317, 321, 392Brown, Robert 35Brown, Roger 15, 19, 38, 69, 122, 126, 138,

146, 168, 179, 181, 182, 183, 187, 188, 190,355, 372

Brune, Camille W. 86Bruner, Jerome S. 30, 88, 132, 283Bryk, Anthony 47Budwig, Nancy 226, 227, 306, 391Bunta, Ferenc 342Burchinal, Margaret 45Buresh, Jennifer S. 28, 86Burling, Robbins 344Burns, Tracey 341Butterworth, George 28, 88, 89Bybee, Joan L. 9, 194, 195, 396, 399Byrne, Richard W. 304

Cabral, Marlene 284Calculator, Steven 320, 321Call, Josep 128, 132Callanan, Maureen 43, 138, 139, 288Camaioni, Luigia 88, 132, 283Campbell, Robin N. 15, 135Capirci, Olga 88, 89, 155, 156, 157Cárdenas, Manuel 389Carey, Susan 90, 136, 375, 400Carmichael, L. 137Carpenter, Kathie L. 226, 228, 245, 265, 272,

273, 372, 391Carpenter, Malinda 66, 88, 135, 283, 290Carta, Judith 47Carter, Allyson 118Carter, Anne L. 28, 31, 89, 97, 98Cartmill, Erica A. 304Cartwright, Kelly B. 189Cartwright, Timothy A. 167, 189, 193Carubbi, Stefania 116, 155Casadio, Paola 89Caselli, M. Cristina 88, 89, 156, 157Casey, Lyman 213Cassidy, Kimberly W. 74Cazden, Courtney B. 180, 181, 330Chafe, Wallace 164Chalkley, Mary Anne 167, 189, 227, 372, 384Chambers, J. K. 53, 350, 351Chambers, James C. 130

466 Name index






Chapman, Robin S. 84Charney, Rosalind 170, 206Chasin, Joan 88, 385Cherry, Louise J. 313, 320Cheung, Sik Lee 219Chichilnisky, Eduardo-José 358Childers, Jane B. 109Chistovich, I. A. 53Chistovich, L. A. 53Chmura-Klekotowa, Maria 267Choi, Soonja 81, 86, 87, 141, 171, 174, 175,204, 392

Chomsky, Carol S. 240, 302Chomsky, Noam 15, 369Chouinard, Michelle M. 38, 42, 43, 300, 304,347, 393

Christophe, Anne 60Clahsen, Harald 375Clancy, Barbara 174, 363Clancy, Patricia M. 203, 321Clark, Eve V. 4, 6, 10, 13, 22, 27, 28, 29, 36, 38, 42,43, 63, 66, 76, 79, 83, 84, 88, 92, 93, 94, 100,101, 106, 107, 108, 115, 116, 118, 122, 123, 127,129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 137, 138, 139, 140, 142,143, 144, 145, 152, 164, 170, 181, 190, 191, 198,207, 209, 218, 226, 228, 232, 241, 242, 243, 245,257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 263, 264, 265, 266,267, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 276, 277,283, 291, 292, 294, 296, 297, 298, 300, 304,342, 344, 347, 372, 384, 385, 386, 387, 391,392, 393

Clark, Herbert H. 7, 12, 13, 25, 132, 133, 134,259, 263, 281, 285, 300, 306, 380

Clark, Ruth A. 325Clark, Vince 361Clausner, Timothy C. 84Clément, Fabrice 311Cochran, Edward 89Coffey (Corina), Sharon 362, 363Cohen, Sophia R. 267Cohen-Bacri, Jean 235Colas, Annie 27Coley, John D. 43, 84, 85Collis, Glyn M. 28, 129Compayré, Gabriel 15, 267Connolly, Kevin 328Contaldo, Annarita 88Cook-Gumperz, Jenny 310, 327Cooper, Frank S. 56, 340Coppola, Marie 196Corina, David 361Corriveau, Kathleen H. 312Corsaro, William A. 304, 327Corson, David 46Corter, Carl M. 247Coulthard, Robert M. 330Coupland, Justine 352

Coupland, Nikolas 352Courtney, Susan M. 358, 362Cowan, Philip A. 285Crinion, Jennifer T. 339Croft, William 22, 167, 221, 399Cronan, Terry 46Cronk, Carolyn 285Crowhurst, Megan J. 109Crutchley, Alison 251Cruttenden, Alan 34Csibra, Gergely 284Curtiss, Susan 366, 374Cutler, Anne 60, 109Cutting, James E. 57

Dabrowska, Ewa 212Dale, Philip S. 46, 77, 80, 81Daly, Mary J. 251Daniels, Peter T. 388Dannequin, Claudine 186, 314Dapretto, Mirella 81Davidovich, Ingrid 337Davies, Mark 375, 376Davis, K. 366D’Andrea, Daniel 349Deák, Gedeon O. 138de Boysson-Bardies, Benedicte 33, 48, 96, 341DeCasper, Anthony J. 34, 58De Coster, Sandrine 343Deffebach, Kim P. 27De Houwer, Annick 338, 343, 345, 349de Lemos, Claudia 174de León, Lourdes 50Delery, Diane B. 97Delia, Jesse G. 325Demille, Darcie 113Demuth, Katherine 50, 108, 110, 186, 193, 226,

371, 372Dennis, Maureen 361, 364, 365Depreux, J. 186, 314Desjardins, Renee 134Deuchar, Margaret 338Deutsch, Werner 265, 272, 273de Vega, Manuel 88Devescovi, Antonella 335de Villiers, Jill G. 170, 182, 201, 214de Villiers, Peter 182, 214Devin, Judith 312, 313Diehl, Randy L. 56Diesendruck, Gil 136Diessel, Holger 238Dines, Jennifer 304, 386Dinwiddy, L. Simon 330Docherty, Gerry J. 53, 72Dockrell, Julie 127, 135, 187, 188, 189Dodd, Barbara 71, 72, 339D’Odorico, Laura 116, 155

Name index 467






Dodson, Kelly 191, 221Dollaghan, Christine 320, 321Donaldson, Margaret 130, 143Donaldson, Morag L. 245Dooling, Robert J. 57Döpke, Susanne 340, 352Dor, Daniel 239Dowty, David 207Doyle, William J. 96Driver, Jon 28Dromi, Esther 77, 79, 86, 101, 114, 151,152, 297

Drozd, Kenneth F. 214, 215Druss, Benjamin 74Du Bois, John W. 202Dumont, Robert V. 330Dunham, Philip J. 25, 27, 88, 129, 283Dunn, Judy 31, 33, 48, 287, 288Durham, Meghan 45Durham, Mercedes 351

Ebeling, Karen S. 130Echeverria, Sagrario 340Echols, Catharine H. 35, 109, 311Eckert, Penelope 307, 308, 310, 331, 352Edwards, Derek 170Edwards, Jon 113Edwards, Mary Louise 67Egger, Emile 267Eimas, Peter D. 55, 56Eisenberg, Ann R. 326, 327Elbers, Loekie 96, 97, 103, 104, 114, 116, 118, 341Elkonin, D. B. 69Elman, Jeffrey L. 189, 375, 397, 399Elsen, Hilke 103, 197Eme, Pascale-Elsa 117, 186Emmorey, Karen 362Engel, Stephen A. 358Erbaugh, Mary S. 321Ervin(-Tripp), Susan 164, 208, 209, 286, 298,300, 327

Estes, Katharine G. 65Estigarribia, Bruno 27, 129, 213, 214, 283, 292Evans, Gary W. 47Evans, Julia L. 65Evely, Susan 247

Fabbro, Franco 339Fanari, Rachele 185, 197, 399Fantini, Alvino E. 340, 345, 347, 351Farrar, Michael J. 304, 386Farwell, Carol B. 103Felix, Sascha 371Fenson, Larry 46, 77, 80, 81Ferguson, Charles A. 36, 47, 103, 106, 198, 307Fernald, Anne 33, 34, 47, 48, 51, 55, 63, 65, 66, 70,71, 283, 289

Fernández, Silvia C. 343Ferreiro, Emilia 130, 209, 242Ferrier, Linda J. 26Fiess, Karen 232, 233Fifer, William P. 34, 58, 59, 340Figueira, Rosa Attié 131, 218, 219, 221Fikkert, Paula 110, 112Fillmore, Charles J. 158, 211Finlay, Barbara 363Fisch, Shalom M. 224Fischer, Andrew 362Fisher, Cynthia 29, 134, 313, 315Fishman, Joshua A. 338Flavell, Eleanor L. 128Flavell, John H. 128Fletcher, Paul 204, 372Flynn, Valerie 27Fonagy, Ivan 115, 116, 153Foppa, Klaus 94, 304, 386Forrester, Michael A. 287Fortune, Liane 351Foulkes, Paul 53, 72Fourcin, Adrian J. 385Fowler, Carol A. 118Fox, Dana E. C. 227, 372Frackowiak, Richard S. 339Franco, Fabia 88French, Lucia A. 243, 245Friederici, Angelika D. 61, 64, 363Friedrich, Manuela 363Fromkin, Victoria 195Frost, Loren A. 228, 372Fu, Panfang 84Fujita, Naomi 29, 123, 285Fukui, Ikuko 33, 48

Galantucci, Bruno 397Galati, Alexia 52Gallagher, Tanya M. 304Gallerani, Catherine 291Ganea, Patricia A. 32Garcia-Sierra, Adrian 363Garnica, Olga K. 33, 34, 35, 48, 67, 145Garrett, Merrill F. 195Gartner, Barbara 237Garvey, Catherine 41, 122, 287, 292, 299, 304,

318, 321, 326, 327Gasparini, Don 79Gathercole, Virginia C. Mueller 180, 191, 398Gegeo, David W. 50Gelman, Rochel 118, 119, 120, 253, 312Gelman, Susan A. 43, 81, 84, 85, 130, 258, 264,

274, 383Genesee, Fred 341, 344, 345, 346, 348, 349, 352,

353, 368Gentner, Dedre 9, 81, 400Gergely, György 284

468 Name index






Gerken, LouAnn 35, 42, 57, 109, 110, 118, 193,205, 382, 383

German, Tim 251Geschwind, Norman 360Gesell, Arnold 143Giles, Howard 352Givón, Talmy 211Gleitman, Henry 44Gleitman, Lila R. 44, 134, 190, 371, 382, 383Glover, Gary H. 358Gluck, Pamela 284Gluckman, Andrea 128, 132Goffman, Lisa 118Gogate, Lakshmi J. 27, 97Goldberg, Adele E. 168, 170Goldberg, Richard 225Goldfield, Beverly A. 78, 79, 80Goldin-Meadow, Susan 118, 119, 120, 156, 157Goldwater, Sharon 396Golinkoff, Roberta M. 31, 86, 91, 124, 127,135, 303

González, Angela 88Goodman, Judith C. 135, 140Goodrich, Whitney 157Goodwin, Marjorie H. 299, 310, 327Goodwin, Roger 170Goodwyn, Susan 89, 90, 156Goodz, Naomi 341Gopnik, Alison 81Gordon, Raymond G. 337Gottfried, Gail 84Gourde, Christine 285Graham, Susan A. 134, 140, 290Grant, Julia 129, 375, 376Grassmann, Susanne 66, 313Greco, Carolyn 140Greenberg, Joseph H. 392Greenfield, Patricia M. 90, 91, 92, 153, 163,283, 289

Greenwood, Charles 47Grégoire, Antoine 267Greif, Esther B. 27, 42, 310Grevisse, Maurice 196Grice, H. Paul 25, 41, 93Grice, Sarah 375Grieser, DiAnne L. 33, 48Grieve, Robert 124Griffiths, Patrick D. 82Griffiths, Thomas L. 396, 397Grimm, Hannelore 216, 301, 302, 303, 327Grimshaw, Jane 189Gropen, Jess 225Grosjean, François 336, 338, 339, 344, 353Gross, Maurice 202Grossman, James B. 28, 43, 127, 140, 304Gruber, Jeffrey S. 300Gsödl, Marisa 375

Guajardo, Jose J. 88Guerriero, A.M. Sonia 204Guidetti, Michèle 88Guillaume, Paul 185Gumperz, John J. 307, 344Guo, Jiansheng 327Gut, Ulrike 155Gutheil, Grant 126Gvozdev, Alexandr N. 191, 198

Hafitz, Jeremie 190, 218, 237Haight, Wendy 47Haiman, John 391Hains, Sylvia 28Hakuta, Kenji 235, 237, 336, 337, 349, 351, 368Hall, D. Geoffrey 134, 135Halle, Tamara 27Halliday, Michael A. K. 22Halsted, Nilofar 59, 340Hardy, Marianne 186, 314Hare, Mary 397Harris, Catherine L. 198Harris, L. Lynn 189Harris, Margaret 88, 129, 187, 385Harris, Paul L. 251, 311, 312Harris, Zellig S. 380Hart, Betty 45, 46, 47Hartman, Erin 43, 84, 85Haryu, Etsuko 127, 135Hass, Wilbur A. 314Hassan, Rouba 204Hassing, Y. 40, 44Hatch, Thomas 127, 138Haviland, Susan E. 130Hawkins, John A. 392Haxby, James V. 362Hay, Dale F. 28, 31, 128, 132Hayes, J. Richard 379Heath, Shirley Brice 45, 46, 48, 286, 330Hecht, Barbara F. 180, 184, 187, 207, 259, 260,

261, 265, 271, 276, 385Heibeck, Tracy H. 136Heinze, Hans-Jochen 339Hemenway, Katherine 125Hemsley, Gayle 339Hendriks, Henriëtte 333, 335Henning, Anne 283Hennon, Elizabeth A. 86, 91Hickmann, Maya 333, 335Hill, Karen 341Hirsch, Joy 339Hirsh-Pasek, Kathryn 42, 74, 86, 91, 124, 127, 135Hoberman, Mara J. 79Hochberg, Judith G. 220, 221Hoeffner, James 204, 205Hoefnagel-Hohle, Marian 369Hoff(-Ginsberg), Erika 44, 45, 46, 48, 170, 202

Name index 469






Hoffman, Eva 353Hogan, H. P. 137Hollander, Michelle 196, 197, 225, 398Hollich, George 68Hollien, Harry 95Hollos, Marida 321Holm, Alison 339Holowka, Siobhan 343Hood, Bruce M. 28Hood, Lois 161, 170, 171, 232, 233, 239, 245,296, 298

Hoogenraad, Robert 142Hopper, Paul J. 221Horgan, Dianne 227Hörmann, Hans 137Horn, Laurence R. 272Hornby, Peter A. 314Hornstein, Norbert 394Horowitz, Frances D. 55Housum, Jonathan 118Howe, Christine 322Howlin, Patricia 359, 375, 376Hubel, David 363Hulk, Aafke 347Hurtado, Nereyda 63, 65, 66Huston, Aletha 40Hutchinson, Jean E. 124, 126Huttenlocher, Janellen 47, 86, 170, 206Hyams, Nina 204, 371Hymes, Dell 330

Imai, Mutsumi 127, 135Ingham, Richard 204, 371, 372Ingram, David 94, 106, 132, 208, 342Irwin, Jane M. 134Irwin, Orvis C. 107, 108Itard, Jean M.G. 366Iverson, Jana M. 89, 155, 156, 157, 291

Jackendoff, Ray S. 191Jakobson, Roman 69, 96, 98, 107James, Sharon L. 302Jarrett, Nicholas 28, 89Jassik-Gerschenfeld, Dora 58Jaswal, Vikram K. 312Jefferson, Gail 43Jespersen, Otto 115Jezzard, Peter 361Jiang, Yang 362Jipson, Jennifer 288Jisa, Harriet 335Jobse, J. 40, 44John, E. Roy 360John, Vera P. 330Johnson, Carolyn E. 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213Johnson, Elizabeth K. 64, 340, 380Johnson, Helen L. 130

Johnson, Jacqueline S. 367Johnson, Kathy E. 179Johnson, Marie L. 39, 40Johnson, Mark H. 396, 399Johnson, Susan 263Johnson, Susan C. 375Johnston, Judith R. 142Jones, David 129Jones, Susan 130Joosten, J. 40, 44Jörg, Sabine 137Junker, Dörte A. 343Jusczyk, Ann M. 61Jusczyk, Peter W. 10, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61,

64, 68, 74, 109, 340, 382, 383

Kalish, Michael L. 397Kaper, Willem 329Kaplan, Bernard 7, 88, 132Karmiloff-Smith, Annette 186, 224, 314, 315,

375, 376, 379, 399Karni, Avi 361Käsermann, Marie-Louise 94, 304, 386Katz, Nancy 383Kauschke, Christina 81Keenan, Elinor O. 298, 321Kehoe, Margaret 110, 111, 112Keil, Katrina 362Keller-Cohen, Deborah 243Kellerman, Eric 62Kelly, W. J. 57Kemler Nelson, Deborah G. 74Kennedy, Lori 74Keren-Portnoy, Tamar 340Kerig, Patricia 285Kessel, Frank S. 240Ketrez, Fatma N. 180Killeen, Peter R. 56Kim, John J. 196Kim, Mikyong 81Kiparsky, Paul 100Király, Ildikó 284Kirk, Cecilia 108Kita, Sotaro 397Klarman, Lindsay 363Klatzky, Roberta L. 143Klein, Ewan 298Klein, Wolfgang 62Klibanoff, Raquel S. 134, 135Klima, Edward S. 212, 213, 216Klingler, Stacy L. 134Kluender, Keith R. 56Koenig, Melissa A. 311, 312Kohn, Bruno 364, 365Koos, Orsolya 284Köpcke, Klaus-Michael 195Koring, Cornelia 88, 290

470 Name index






Kornhaber-Le Chanu, Mila 31, 303Kovac, Ceil 350Kozhevnikova, E. V. 53Kroodsma, Donald E. 363Krott, Andrea 268Kruger, Ann C. 28, 135Kuczaj, Stan A., II. 115, 143, 181, 197, 198, 212,251, 388

Kuhl, Patricia K. 33, 48, 53, 54, 55, 56, 363Kuhn, Ivy F. 126Kulcsar, Bela 393Küntay, Aylin 37, 161, 162, 314Kuriyama, Yoko 204Kyratzis, Amy 253, 311

Labov, Teresa 101, 103, 106Labov, William 101, 103, 106, 351Lacersa, Francisco 53Lahey, Margaret 232, 233, 239, 398Laine, Matti 195Laing, Emma 375Lakusta, Laura 375Lalonde, Chris E. 60Lalwani, Anil 361Lambert, Wallace E. 338, 353Lambertz, Ghislaine 59, 340Lampert, Martin 327Landau, Barbara 130, 382Lane, Harlan 366Lane, Nancy M. 258, 264, 274Lanza, Elizabeth 345, 346, 347, 351, 352Lawrence, Valerie W. 46Lawson, Donald S. 362Lebeaux, David S. 228, 372Leber-Marin, Jocelyne 204Lee, Adrian T. 358Lee, HaeWook 81Lempers, Jacques 128, 286, 290Lenneberg, Eric 360, 363, 366, 373Leonard, Laurence B. 105, 375Leopold, Werner F. 85, 107, 115, 344Leung, Eleanor H. 28, 89, 128Levelt, Clara C. 108Levelt, Willem J.M. 116, 385, 387Levin, Beth 218Levinson, Stephen C. 13, 129, 317, 321Levitsky, Walter 360Levitt, Andrea G. 341Levow, Gina-Anne 35Lewis, David K. 13, 134Lewis, John D. 375Lewis, Lawrence B. 221Li, Ping 272Liang, James 62Liberman, Alvin M. 56Lieven, Elena V.M. 171, 172, 173, 191, 192, 205,285, 286, 315, 398

Lifter, Karen 190, 218, 232, 233Lightbown, Patsy M. 239, 296, 298Lightfoot, David 394Lindblom, Björn 54, 67, 109, 113Lindner, Gustav 15Liszkowski, Ulf 88, 283Locke, John L. 114Lodge, K. R. 328, 329Loeb, Diane M. F. 105Loftus, Elizabeth F. 137Long, Laurel M. 124Longli, Elena 375Longobardi, Emiddia 157Lord, Catherine 131, 218, 219, 220Lovett, Maureen W. 364Luce, Paul A. 60, 68Lum, Jarrad 340Lust, Barbara 232, 370Lyons, Thomas 47

Macaulay, Ronald K. S. 349McCabe, Ann E. 247McClelland, James L. 396McCleod, Christine 328Maccoby, Eleanor E. 69McConnell-Ginet, Sally 307McCune, Lorraine 97McDonough, Laraine 83, 135, 140, 141MacEachern, Margaret 35McGregor, Karla K. 81, 113, 171, 194McIntosh, Bonnie J. 109, 205, 382, 383MacKain, Kristine 33Macken, Marlys A. 100, 143McLaughlin, Barry 336, 338, 340Maclay, Howard 23McLeod, Peter J. 29, 33McMurray, Bob 79Macnamara, John 124, 371, 383McShane, John 78, 135, 188, 189McTear, Michael 41, 298, 299MacWhinney, Brian 18, 272, 384McWilliam, Donna 322Maekawa, Junko 94Mahieu, Aki 81Major, D. R. 15Malherbe, E. G. 338Malone, Lauren S. 312Malt, Barbara C. 339Mandler, Jean M. 83, 141Maneva, Blagovesta 341Manning, Christopher D. 382Maratsos, Michael P. 138, 143, 167, 189, 197,

212, 227, 290, 314, 372, 384, 399Marchand, Hans 255, 274Marchman, Virginia 66, 185, 396, 399Marcos, Haydée 31, 204, 284, 303Marcus, Gary F. 43, 196, 197, 398

Name index 471






Margulis, Cheryl 29, 81, 123, 285Marian, Viorica 339Markman, Ellen M. 31, 124, 126, 127,134, 136

Markson, Lori 136Marshall, Catherine R. 132Marshall, Greer 393Martin, Alex 362Martin, Pam 340Martindale, Helen 192Martlew, Margaret 328Marton, Klara 118Mason, M.K. 366Masur, Elise F. 27, 139Matthews, Danielle 315Matthews, Stephen 338, 345, 347Mattys, Sven L. 60Maxwell, Lorraine E. 47Maye, Jessica 57Mayer, Mercer 332Mayeux, Lara 40Mazzie, Claudia 63, 66, 289Mechelli, Andrea 339Medina, José 9, 400Mehler, Jacques 56, 58, 59, 60, 71, 340Meir, Irit 397Meisel, Jürgen 345, 346, 347, 348Menn, Lise 100, 106, 109, 112, 118, 186, 314Merriman, William E. 127Mervis, Carolyn B. 124, 125, 127, 140, 179,187, 374

Messer, David J. 28, 129, 132, 136Messer, Stanley 73Metraux, R.W. 338Michlin, Michael L. 325, 327Miikkulainen, Risto 79Mikes, Melanie 183, 184, 338Miller, Carol A. 383Miller, George A. 369Miller, James D. 56, 57Miller, Patsy 161, 170, 171Miller, Peggy 44, 46, 50, 286Miller, Ruth 190Miller, Wick 164Mills, Debra L. 33, 61, 362, 363Mills, Patrick 251Milroy, James 349Milroy, Lesley 310, 349Mintz, Toben H. 178, 193, 381, 397Moerk, Ernst L. 29Moeser, Shannon D. 63, 369Moffitt, Alan R. 55, 56Moll, Henrike 88, 290Mongomery, Martin 330Moon, Christine 59, 340Moore, Chris 25, 27, 28, 88, 129, 283Moreton, Elliot 35

Morgan, James L. 43, 60, 61, 64, 189Morgenstern, Aliyah 204Morikawa, Hiromi 219Morimoto, Yukiko 344Morris, Colleen A. 374Morse, Philip A. 56Morton, John 69Mosier, Christine E. 28Mowrer, O. Hobart 96Muir, Darwin 28Mulford, Randa C. 207, 260, 261, 271, 276Mullally, Patricia R. 46Muller, Eric 95Müller, Natascha 347Muñetón-Ayala, Mercedes 88Munson, Benjamin 113Münte1, Thomas 339Murachver, Tamar 352Murase, Toshii 81Murphy, Catherine M. 28, 132Murray, Diarmid 142Murry, Thomas 95Myers-Scotton, Carol 344

Nagy, William E. 76Naigles, Letitia R. 40, 81, 170, 202Nakamura, Keiko 321Nakisa, Ramin C. 396Namy, Laura L. 86, 90Nayer, Samantha L. 290Nazzi, Thierry 340Neel-Gordon, Amy 263Nelson, Katherine 78, 115, 127, 161, 171, 243,

245, 388Nelson, Keith E. 228Nelson, Lauren 117Neville, Helen J. 361, 362, 363, 367Newcombe, Nora 313, 319Newman, Jean E. 364Newport, Elissa L. 44, 52, 57, 109, 178, 193, 367,

380, 381, 382, 396Nicolaci-da-Costa, Ana 187Nicoladis, Elena 268, 345, 346, 352Niemi, Jussi 195Nikitina, Tatiana 36, 191Ninio, Anat 170Noppeney, Uta 339Nösselt, Tömme 339Noveck, Ira A. 316Nunberg, Geoffrey 388

Oakley, Yvonne 385Ochs, Elinor 48, 49, 292, 293, 294, 295, 310, 311O’Connor, Mary Catherine 331O’Doherty, John 339O’Grady, William 370, 372Ogura, Tamiko 81

472 Name index






Okada, Hiroyuki 135Oksaar, Els 344Oller, D. Kimbrough 96, 343Olmsted, D. L. 106Omar, Margaret K. 5O’Neill, Daniela K. 32, 135, 290, 313, 314O’Reilly, Anne W. 31Orsolini, Margherita 185, 197, 399Osborne, Patricia 284Osgood, Charles E. 23Oshima-Takane, Yuriko 204Oviatt, Sharon L. 35, 80Özyürek, Aslı 397

Padden, Carol 397Padden, Denise M. 56Pae, Soyeong 81Palermo, David S. 142Paley, Vivian G. 310Pallie, W. 364Panagiotaki, Georgia 375Panneton Cooper, Robin 33, 59Papafragou, Anna 316Pape Cowan, Carolyn 285Papousek, Mechthild 33, 48Pappas, Athina 43, 84, 85Paradis, Johanne 341, 345, 346, 348, 349Parasuraman, Raja 362Pares, Jacques 204Parisi, Domenico 399Park, Tschang-zin 344Pasquini, Elisabeth S. 312Pastore, L. 57Paterson, Sarah 375Patterson, Karalyn 396Pavlovitch, Milivoie 340Payne, Arvilla C. 350Pegg, Judith E. 33Peizer, David B. 36Pence, Khara L. 135Pepler, Debra J. 247Perdue, Clive 62Perfors, Amy 66Perlman, Rivka Y. 27, 42Persoage, Kelley A. 134, 135Peters, Ann 78, 112, 118, 152, 186,314, 384

Pethick, Stephen J. 46, 77, 80, 81Petitto, Laura 343Petretic, Patricia A. 383Philips, Susan U. 330Phillips, Juliet R. 35Piaget, Jean 7Piché, Gene L. 325, 327Pickert, Roberta 363Pine, Julian M. 171, 172, 173, 191, 192, 205,212, 398

Pinker, Steven 9, 178, 189, 196, 204, 207, 225,228, 370, 371, 372, 373, 396, 398

Pinto, John P. 70Pizzuto, Elena 155, 156Platone, Françoise 186, 235, 314Platt, Martha L. 292, 293, 294, 295Pléh, Csaba 184, 392Plunkett, Kim 61, 71, 117, 396, 399Pons, Ferrán 343Poplack, Shana 344Postma, Albert 387Poulin-Dubois, Diane 140, 341Povinelli, Daniel J. 128, 132Prat, Chantal 61Pratt, Michael W. 285Preissler, Melissa A. 90Preyer, Wilhelm 15Price, Cathy J. 285Prince, Ellen 289Prudden, Shannnon M. 86, 91Pullum, Geoffrey K. 374, 395Purcell, April K. 350Pye, Clifton 48, 66

Quantz, Darryl H. 134, 135Quay, Suzanne 338, 343Quine, Willard v. O. 123, 279

Rabain-Jamin, Jacqueline 284Rader, Nancy de V. 88Radford, Andrew 11, 39, 372Ralli, Mina 127Ramón, Marta 343Ramscar, Michael 197Rauschecker, Josef P. 361Raven, Peter H. 125Ravid, Dorit D. 399Read, Barbara K. 313, 320Reaux, James E. 128, 132Redanz, Nancy J. 60, 109Redford, Melissa A. 79Redlinger, Wendy E. 344Reeder, Kenneth 300Réger, Zita 123, 297, 298Reilly, Judy 246, 247, 249Rekau, Laura 191Remez, Robert E. 382Rescorla, Leslie A. 83Reznick, J. Steven 46, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81Rheingold, Harriet L. 28, 31, 89, 128, 132Rice, Mabel 40Riddle, Andrea S. 140Risley, Todd R. 45, 46, 47Rispoli, Matthew 237Rivera-Gaxiola, Martitza 363Rizzi, Luigi 205Rizzo, Thomas A. 327

Name index 473






Robb, Michael P. 77, 97Roberts, Joanne E. 45Roberts, Julie 351Roberts, Mark 61, 363Robertson, Kirsten 352Robinson, Byron F. 187Rodrigo, Maria J. 88Rodriguez, Guacimara 88Rodriguez-Fornells, Antoni 339Rogers, Don 43, 136Rogoff, Barbara 28Rohleder, Lisa 310Rome-Flanders, Tibie 285Ronjat, Jules 15, 339Rosch, Eleanor 125Rosen, T. John 196, 197, 398Rosenberg, Erica S. 79Rosengren, Karl S. 43, 84, 85Rosner, Burton S. 57Ross, Carol 96Rotte, Michael 339Roug-Hellichius, Liselotte 97Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 180Roux, Mireille 47Rowe, Meredith L. 283Rowland, Caroline F. 173, 205, 212Rozendaal, Margot I. 291, 314Rubin, Donald L. 325, 327Ruke-Dravina, Velta 191Rumelhart, David E. 358, 396Rupra, Mandeep 393Ryan, Mary L. 130, 143Ryckebusch, Céline 284Ryskina, V. L. 53

Sabbagh, Mark A. 138, 139Sachs, Jacqueline 35, 39, 40, 129, 312, 313,322, 323

Saffran, Jenny R. 52, 57, 61, 64, 65,380, 396

Salazar Orvig, Anne 204Salerno, Raffaela A. 35Sampson, Geoffrey 388Sandler, Wendy 397Sandra, Dominiek 197Santelmann, Lynn M. 382, 383Sapir, Edward 333Sauer, Eve 157Savage, Susan L. 127Saville-Troike, Muriel 388Sawyer, R. Keith 329Saxton, Matthew 393Saylor, Megan M. 32, 139, 291Scales, Barbara 310Schafer, Graham 61Schaffer, H. Rudolph 129Schelletter, Christina 343

Schieffelin, Bambi B. 48, 49, 50, 292, 293,294, 295

Schlesinger, Itzak M. 92, 160Schmidt, Chris L. 27Schneiderman, Maita 42Schöler, Hans 302Scholz, Barbara C. 374, 395Schröder, Heike 204Schütze, Hinrich 167, 189, 193, 382, 397Schwartz, Richard G. 105, 118Scollon, Ronald 29, 94, 116, 117, 292, 293, 295,

303, 304, 386Searle, John R. 281, 306Sebastián, Eugenia 180, 191, 398Sebastián-Galles, Nuria 60, 340Seidl, Amanda 64Seligman, Martin E. P. 118, 119, 120Seltzer, Michael 47Senghas, Ann 140, 397Sengul, C. J. 145Serratrice, Ludovica 164Shadlen, Michael N. 358Shady, Michele E. 35, 42, 382Shankweiler, Donald P. 56Shatz, Marilyn 27, 31, 36, 42, 81, 253, 284, 287,

288, 312Sheldon, Amy 235, 310Sheng, Li 171Sherzer, Joel 89Shi, Rushen 189Shibatani, Masayoshi 221Shipley, Elizabeth F. 46, 126, 382, 383Shirai, Yasuhiro 198, 218Short-Meyerson, Katherine J. 291Shvachkin, N. Kh. 66, 67Shwe, Helen 31Siegal, Michael 6, 330, 331Silvern, Louise 318Simon, Bridgett B. 128, 132Simon, Thomas 34, 47Sims, Kerry 375Sinclair, Hermine 117, 186, 291, 292, 295, 314Sinclair, John McH. 330Singh, Joseph A. L. 365, 366Siqueland, Einar R. 55, 56Sledd, James 351Slobin, Dan I. 4, 6, 9, 11, 18, 37, 100, 115, 130, 142,

149, 151, 157, 161, 162, 183, 191, 194, 198,219, 223, 227, 228, 234, 235, 237, 252, 256, 306,332, 333, 335, 345, 352, 389, 390, 391, 392,393, 396

Sloman, Steven A. 339Smiley, Patricia 86, 170, 206Smith, Bruce L. 113, 171Smith, Carlota S. 382, 383Smith, Jennifer 351Smith, Joshua 91, 92, 153, 283

474 Name index






Smith, Linda 130, 152Smith, Madorah E. 344Smith, Neilson V. 69, 70, 100, 107, 108, 109, 115Smoczynska, Magdalena 175Snow, Catherine 6, 18, 25, 26, 29, 36, 40, 41, 44,162, 285, 369

Snyder, Alice D. 115Sodian, Beate 88Song, Hyun-joo 134, 315Song, You-Kyung 81Sosa, Anna V. 94Soto, Pilar 180, 191, 398Speares, Jennifer 172Spelke, Elizabeth S. 126Spence, Melanie J. 58Spieker, Susan 33Spivey, Michael 339Sridhar, Kamal K. 344Sridhar, Shikaripur N. 344Steels, Luc 397Stern, Clara 15, 78, 82, 167Stern, Daniel N. 28, 33Stern, William 15, 78, 82, 167Stevens, Tassos 375, 376Stockman, Ida J. 343Stoel-Gammon, Carol 94, 110, 111, 112Stolyarova, E. I. 53Stone, J. Brandon 130Storkel, Holly L. 94, 113Storms, Gert 339Strauss, Sidney 181Striano, Tricia 88, 283Strohner, Hans 228Strömqvist, Sven 329Stromswold, Karin 212Strosberg, Randi 135Stubbs, Michael 330Studdert-Kennedy, Michael G. 56Sully, James 15Sundberg, Ulla 53Svaib, Trisha A. 93, 138Svartvik, Jan 217Svenkerud, Vigdis Y. 61Swanson, Lori A. 105Swingley, Daniel 68, 70, 71, 73

Tabouret-Keller, Andrée 344, 345Tackeff, Jo 239, 398Taeschner, Traute 33, 48, 338, 340, 342, 344, 351Taft, Marcus 197Tager-Flusberg, Helen 236Taine, Hippolyte 15Talmy, Leonard 4Tanenhaus, Michael K. 392Tantalou, Niki 316Tardif, Twila 45, 81Tavuchis, Nicholas 130

Taylor, Carolyn 311Taylor, Marjorie 383Tees, Richard C. 59Templin, Mildred C. 76Tenenbaum, Joshua B. 397Thal, Donna J. 46, 77, 80, 81, 363Thatcher, Robert W. 360Theakston, Anna L. 205, 315Thelen, Esther 152Thierry, Guillaume 61, 340, 363Thoermer, Claudia 88Thomas, Michael S. C. 375Thompson, Cynthia K. 81Thompson, Helen 143Thompson, Sandra A. 221, 239Thomson, Jean R. 84Tidball, Glynnis 134Tinker, Erin 29, 81, 123, 285Tokura, Hisayo 29, 313Tomasello, Michael 28, 66, 88, 92, 128, 132, 135,

140, 158, 169, 170, 172, 174, 180, 189, 191, 206,221, 228, 238, 283, 288, 290, 304, 315, 386

Ton, Josi 97, 103, 114Travis, Lisa L. 43Trehub, Sandra E. 56Treiman, Rebecca 42Trevarthen, Colwyn 28Truglio, Rosemarie 40Tucker, G. Richard 338, 353Tuominen, Juhani 195Turner, Robert 361Tversky, Amos 381Tversky, Barbara G. 125Tweney, Ryan D. 383Tyack, Dorothy L. 208Tyler, Ann A. 77, 97Tyler, Lorraine K. 375, 376

Udwin, Orlee 375, 376Ullman, Michael 196, 197, 396Ungerleider, Leslie G. 358, 362Utman, Jennifer G.A. 341

Valian, Virginia 167, 204, 205, 213van der Wal, Sjoukje 216, 217Van der Walle, Gretchen 126van Geert, Paul 187Velten, H.V. 106Vendler, Zeno 191Veneziano, Edy 117, 123, 174, 186, 291, 292,

295, 314Verhoeven, Ludo 347Verkuyl, Henk-J. 191Vigorito, James 55, 56Vihman, Marilyn M. 10, 54, 56, 61, 96, 97, 207,

340, 344, 345, 363Vogel, Irene 340

Name index 475






Voice, J. Kate 375, 376Volterra, Virginia 88, 132, 155, 156, 216, 283,342, 344

Vorster, J. 40, 44

Wachtel, Gwyn F. 124, 127Wales, Roger J. 130, 143Walker, Dale 47Walker, Marilyn A. 393Walter, A.A. 137Wandell, Brian A. 358Wannemacher, Jill T. 124, 130Warden, David A. 175, 186, 314Waters, Lorraine J. 330Waterson, Natalie 73Watson, Jilayne D. 27Watson-Gegeo, Karen A. 50Watt, Dominic J. L. 53, 72Watt, W. C. 388Waxman, Sandra R. 86, 90, 127, 134, 135, 138, 140Weber-Fox, Christine M. 367Weeks, Thelma E. 36Weinreich, Uriel 338Weir, C. 57Weir, Ruth 114, 388Weisberger, Mara J. 224Weisenburger, Janet L. 166Weiss, Deborah M. 322, 323Weissenborn, Jürgen 291Wellman, Henry M. 286, 290Wells, Gordon 45, 47, 330Welsh, Charles 234, 235Werker, Janet F. 33, 57, 59, 60, 341Werner, Heinz 7, 88, 132, 283Wernicke, Carl 359Wessels, Jeanine M. I. 61, 64West, Meredith J. 28, 31, 128, 132Wexler, Ken 11, 371Whitaker, Harry 361

White, Lydia 349, 368Wiegel-Crump, Carole A. 364Wieman, Leslie A. 96, 164, 289Wiesel, Torsten 363Wigglesworth, Gillian 333Wijnen, Frank 116, 118Wilcox, Stephen 142Wiley, Angela 45, 286Wilkins, David 89Wilkinson, Louise C. 320, 321Willen, J. Douglas 28Willes, Mary 331Winitz, Harris 107, 108Witelson, Sandra F. 364Wittek, Angelika 206, 228Wong, Andrew D.-W. 6, 36, 42, 43, 66, 139,

296, 392Wong Fillmore, Lily 210, 211, 349, 353, 384, 388Woodward, Amanda L. 28, 86, 88, 124, 127Wright, John C. 40

Xu, Fei 196, 197, 397, 398

Yamashita, Yukie 81Yeeles, Caroline 385Yip, Virginia 338, 345, 347Yoshida, Katherine A. 341Youssef, Valerie 349, 350, 352Yumitani, Chutatip Chiraporn 219

Zager, David 195Zajonc, Robert B. 46Zangl, Renate 33, 362Zaslow, Martha 313, 319Zentella, Ana Celia 340, 351Zingg, Robert M. 365, 366Zukow(-Goldring), Patricia G. 88Zurer Pearson, Barbara 343, 349Zwitserlood, Pienie 62

476 Name index






Subject index

addressees 25, 37–38, 312distinguished by age 253, 312–313by request-types 310by status 313by utterance design 134by utterance length 312–313see common ground; given and new

adjectivesin child-directed speech 43for dimensions 130in noun phrases 199

affixesin acquisition 266–267: first affixes used

270–272in coinages 254, 259: and roots 254; and word

class 255meanings 259, 264–265, 266–267,

270–272types 255see word-formation

agreement 158, 178Arabic 4–5, 58, 183argument structure 174for adult vs. child 174argument roles and grammatical

relations 207Preferred Argument Structure (PAS) 201,

202–204: and new information 203see given and new; informativeness

articlesand common ground 314definite, given 314early constructional patterns 174early uses 117overuse of definites 314see given and new

ASL 142–143attentionattention-getters 27, 48, 129, 312–313,

324–325gaze 132gesture 132in non-human primates 132and reference 28shared 132

attention-shifts 295getting adult attention 283on linguistic elements 116see joint attention

auxiliary verbs 212

babblingage of onset 95consonants 95and early words 96, 104and intonation contours 95syllabic structure 95

Basic Child Grammar: see operating principlesbasic level assumption 125

conceptual basis 125, 126–127see constraints on word acquisition

bilingualism 336in the brain 339: brain cell density 339in childhood 339defined 337–338doublets 342and grammatical structure 348: finite verbs348; naming patterns 339; sententialnegation 348–349

language choice 339–340language processing 338–339lexical strucrure 341one system or two 336, 344, 345: ingrammatical structure 348; in thelexicon 342–344; in phonology 339,340–341

in the US 336–337word meanings 342worldwide 337

birth orderand child-directed speech 46effects of linguistic experience 46–47rate of acquisition 46–47

bootstrappingsemantic 189syntactic 192–193see learning; word-classes

brain asymmetryand injury 364, 365and resilience 364–365

477






Broca’s area 359articulatory programs in production 360linear sequencing 360

canonical linking: see argument structure;grammatical relations

case rolescase marking 177see argument structure

categorical perception 55–56causal clauses 243cause–effect sequences 245connective choices 243–244, 245external vs. internal causation 245juxtaposition 243routine sequences 245

causativescausative alternation 217, 218–223cause 130–131, 218crosslinguistic comparisons 222–223direct vs. indirect causation 221–222lexical vs. periphrastic verbs 218, 222–223transitivity 218–223verb errors 131, 218: asymmetries 218–220;

judgements 220–221change 386child-directed speech 32adjusted to addressee 23, 25, 75and anaphora 206characteristic properties: clear articulation 37;

exaggerated intonation 33; fluency andgrammaticality 37, 369; high pitch 23, 33–34;pauses between utterances 34; routines andformulas 26–27; slow tempo 35–36; stress onfinal position 35, 38

child attention to 33–34contextual cues 41–42corrective information 43degenerate input 23deictic terms 37–38, 44as evidence about language 39, 393getting attention 37–38here-and-now 41–42, 129and interaction 39–42as language lessons 39lengthening: final syllables and vowels 35mapping 39marking perspective 38, 92meaning relations 139as negative evidence 38, 41–42, 393–394promoting comprehension 39reformulations 38, 41–42, 43semantic domains 43taking turns 39verbs and constructions 201–202universals 24, 47–48

CHILDES Archive 1–2

ChineseCantonese 218–220Mandarin 12–14, 47–48, 58, 62, 81, 95,176, 179

chunksattaching meanings 75familiar chunks (recognition) 62parts of words 64phonetic targets 62producing first words 97in the speech stream 51, 62word-boundaries 62, 64

code-switchingin adults and children 344children follow adult usage 345

coinagesconstructing new words 255constructional alternatives to compounds 276filling gaps 254, 263, 268, 277legitimate vs. illegitimate 261, 268replacement through preemption 263specificity of meaning 276spontaneous comments 256see word-formation

common ground 162–163, 281–282article use 314adding new information 282assessing common ground 132, 289–290building up utterances 117conversational co-presence 281given and new 291–292here-and-now 77, 129matches vs. mismatches 291physical co-presence 135, 281ratifying new information 291updating common ground 135see given and new; repetition

communication 22: language and intentions 75complement clauses 237

exceptions 240finite vs. nonfinite 237and lexical specificity 237parentheticals (speaker attitude) 238–239stages in acquisition 239–240

complexity 4–5, 179, 182, 229clauses combinations 230conceptual 4coordination 229cumulative 183events 81formal 5, 183–184, 246and language choice 345semantic 183–184sequences of utterances 229subordination 229: embedding 229

components of meaning: see semantic featurehypothesis

478 Subject index






compounding 254–255, 274in production 257root compounds 274: head noun identification

255, 260; shared constituents 268; forsubcategorization 267, 274, 276

synthetic compounds 254, 274: affix omission254; head noun identification 259–260; ordererrors 274–276

see word-formationcomprehension vs. productionachieving change 385–386asymmetry (production trails behind) 118, 261as a check on meaning in production 145C-representations 100, 386P-representations 387representations in memory 94targets for recogntion and production 387in word-formation 256, 257–258, 259–260see monitor-and-repair model

conceptual basis 1–2, 389–391, 392–393cognitive dimensions 5–7emergent categories 391, 392–393salience 392–393see operating principles

conditional clauses 246bribes and threats 247choices of form 247–249cognitive prerequisites 246–247contingency 246–247counterfactuals 251–252fantasy pasts 250formal complexity 246future predictives 250genericity 246–247hypotheticality 246–247, 250, 251inference 246–247pragmatic conditions 246, 247stages in acquisition 249–251

conflicts 326adversative encounters 326–327with boys vs. girls, peers 327–328crosslinguistic comparisons 68disputes on the street 327–328giving reasons and justifications 321–322successful strategies in negotiation 327see genres of talk

conjunctions 231and 232because 243–244before 242choices 243cohesion in discourse 233, 334–335frequent in production 233from 245when vs. if 251see coordination; subordination

connectives: see coordination; subordination

constraints on word acquisitionbasic-level assumption 125conceptual structure and word meaning 125,126–127

constraints as defaults 127equal-detail assumption 125limiting the hypothesis space 123, 124: Quineand indeterminacy 123

mutual exclusivity 124origins of constraints 127overriding constraints 128taxonomic assumption 124whole-object assumption 124

constructionsadding complexity 199in adult speech 201–202building on existing constructions 202common constructions in English 168conservative acquisition 173conventional 199early constructions 167, 200and given vs. new 199identifying constructions 168and lexical specificity 170, 172–173links to smaller units 211meanings of constructions 170productivity 171: fixed vs. productive 171–172;frozen forms 172

and word-classes 168continuity 378

alternate routes 379from babble to words 96in development and change 378discontinuity 96in functions 379in phonology 379: shared phoneticsequences 96

in referring 379in speech acts 379

contrast 22, 133, 136, 198explicit 136implicit 135observed early in development 134and perspective 137–138principle of 133and word formation 261, 262, 393–394see conventionality; preemption

contributions to conversationacknowledgements 30–31, 393–394adding new information 288, 289designing pertinent utterances 285,287–288

routinized exchanges 282timing 286, 287

conventionality 21, 133conventional forms take priority 262–263conventions on use 129

Subject index 479






conventionality (cont.)observed early 134principle of 133in word-formation 261, 262see contrast; preemption

conversationadding further information 282addressees 281–282adult repairs understood 140, 304child-initiated exchanges 29–30conditions 24–25, 281: conversational co-

presence 28, 136, 281; joint attention 27–28;physical co-presence 28

cooperative principle 41–42, 93, 281following up child-initiated topics

29–30, 44giving directions 291goals 31–32, 281–283, 284, 285here-and-now 41–42, 77, 129initiating exchanges 285, 290–291locus of attention 28making oneself understood 303–304miscommunications 303persistence from children 29–30promoting comprehension 39responding to initiations 29–30, 285self-repairs in the child 94setting for acquisition 128site for learning language 22, 41–42taking turns 30–31, 39triadic exchanges 285uptake of new words 122–123utterances across speakers 292

conversational co-presence: see conversationcooperative principle 41–42, 93, 281coordination 229: coordinate clauses 231;

comprehension 232; connectives 231, 232;functions 232; production 233

coping strategiesby context 141dimensions and amount 143spatial relations 142–143, 183–184unfamiliar words 141using general knowledge 141

C-representation 100, 386alignment 387and P-representation 387see comprehension vs. production; word shapes

critical period: see sensitive period

deictic terms 44, 145attention-getters 129, 312–313, 324demonstratives 139, 171

denominal verbscoinages 268–270productivity 270see word-formation

derivation 254–255zero derivation 255see word-formation

dialect 349acquisition of a second dialect 349exposure matters 349–350mismatches with Standard English (SE) 350politics of dialect 351social dimensions of choice 351Standard English (SE) 350two systems 350–351

directive-types: see speech acts; social rolesdistributional analysis

in modeling 193positional regularities 159word-classes 189word combinations 159see word-classes

dual-encoding modeldual encoding, evidence against 396economy of storage 196–197overregularization 197: blocking of form andmeaning 197, 198

regularity 196storage of forms 197see inflections

Dutch 39–41, 62, 64, 68, 96, 103–104, 116, 183,291–292, 329

εlεma in Kaluli: see child-directed speech; Kalulieliciting information

with questions 321using claims and why 321–322

ellipsisanaphora, pronouns or zero 201, 202–204in answers to questions 206

embedded correction: see reformulationsemergent categories 391equal-detail assumption 125; see constraints on

word acquisitionerrors

omission and commisson 179–180regularizations 180

Event Related Potentials (ERPs): see lateralizationevent-types 174evidential markers 238expertise

in (adult) speakers 311knowledgeable vs. ignorant speakers311–312

fast mapping: see meaningferal children 365–366; see sensitive periodfiller syllables

grammatical morphemes 118schwa and syllabic [n] 117, 118

Finnish 3–4, 157, 161–162, 176

480 Subject index






flow of informationgiven information 229, 243new information 282packaging of information 229–230temporal clauses 230, 240–241, 243uncertainty in word choice 289see given and new; Preferred Argument Structure

fluencychild-directed speech 37sequences of words 155see child-directed speech; practice

formulasin adult speech 26–27analysis into smaller units 210–212limited scope 161unanalyzed 212see child-directed speech

French 3–4, 47–48, 58, 59, 94, 117, 122–123, 153,160, 174, 177, 179, 180, 184–185, 186,196–197, 218, 235, 241–242, 266, 267, 276,291–292, 314, 329, 334–335

frequency 184keeping track 383, 384–385type and critical mass 185type vs. token 184–185, 383–384see productivity; tally

functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI):see lateralization

future predictive conditionals: see conditionalclauses

gavagaiundetached rabbit parts 123see constraints on word acquisition

gaze 132and attention 132and gesture 132

gender 176: and word-classes 178general-purpose wordsdeictic terms 44, 88general-purpose verbs 88, 170: in constructions

170–171gesture and gaze 88

genres of talk 317persuasion 322politeness 317–321: judgements 318school talk 329stage directions 328stories 331

German 3–4, 39–41, 47–48, 58, 81, 155,194–195, 197, 266, 272–273, 291–292,301–302, 329, 333–335: Swiss German94, 303–304

gesturesdeictic gestures 155referential or representational gestures

132, 155

and requests 132, 320and words 155–156see word combinations

given and new 162, 199, 200, 313articulation and new information 118given information and common ground 162–163given information and previousmention 166: andpronouns 314–316; and subject omission204–205, 206

mutual knowledge 163new information 90, 91, 163–164, 203: andlexical noun phrases 314–315; and lexicalsubjects 163–164

object affected as given 226picture content matched to given information 314stress and new information 164–165, 313see common ground; flow of information

grammatical morphemes 176early attempts 186filler syllables 186free morphemes 179inflections 190and phrase structure 189

grammatical relations 160agreement 158case roles 158: and case marking 160; intwo-word combinations 158–159

grammatical roles 158: and actions 158linking rules 207role definitions 160subject 204subject omission 204–205: metrical structure205, 206; performance limitations 204; pro-drop parameter 204, 370, 371

word order 160, 161Greek 176

Hebrew 151–152, 218–220, 257–258, 259–260,266, 270–272, 274–276, 332, 333–334

hemispherectomies: see lateralizationhemispheres of the brain

Broca’s area 361left and right 361left hemisphere injuries 361Wernicke’s area 361see lateralization

hemispheric dominance: see lateralizationHindi 53, 59–60Hungarian 60–61, 122–123, 176, 183–184, 198,

265, 392hypothetical conditionals: see conditional clauses;

pretense; stage directions

Icelandic 270–272, 274individual differences 103, 161, 285: alternate

routes in development 103, 161, 379Indonesian 58

Subject index 481






inferences, pragmaticfrom adult word use 134in context 129about co-occurring words 43, 140–141licensed by conceptual knowledge 129licensed in conversation 315–316about (new) word uses 134, 135scalar implicatures 316see coping strategies

inflectionsaspect 176case marking 176in child-directed speech 190conservative acquisition 191–192a criterion for acquisition 182formal complexity 182, 183irregular pasts as stems 180–181and meaning 181metrical templates 193–194order of acquisition 182paradigms 178, 265regularization 178, 180, 197, 198rote 179semantic complexity 182, 183–184stages in acquisition 180–181storage in memory 196–197suffixes 176tense 176typology 176verb-type 174and word-stems 177see word classes

informativeness 289and addressee knowledge 163–164, 289–290child contributions 90, 285, 288–290given vs. new 282, 289talk about what’s new 166uncertainty 289see flow of information; given and new

innate language capacity 39, 357, 369Chomskian assumptions 369continuity view 370–373independent of or dependent on experience

371, 373innate processing (learning) mechanisms 2, 369,

373–374: only for syntax 374innate syntactic structures 369innate word-classes 369maturational view 370–373syntactic categories, functional vs. lexical 372

intentions 90, 281–282discerning the adult’s meaning 129, 132,

283–284, 304early speech acts 88expressing one’s intentions 132: without

speech 285identifying goals 284

pointing vs. reaching 88pragmatic inferences 284protospeech acts 88, 90representational gestures 89–90what’s new 91what’s salient 91words replace gestures 90see speaker intentions; speech acts

interaction in acquisitiongoals of interactions 281–283, 284making oneself understood 118participating in conversation 41–42see conversation; contributions to conversation;turn-taking

interruptions, pertinent: see contributions; turn-taking

intonationexaggerated 33falling contour on final word 153–155intonational umbrellas 153pitch range 32, 33–34syllable lengthening, clause-finally 153–155terminal pitch 153–155unintelligible child utterances 152universal 24, 28utterance-final position, salient 35see child-directed speech

Italian 47–48, 58, 88, 89–90, 132, 155–156,163–164, 185, 190, 197, 222–223, 282–283,317–321, 323–324, 327, 329, 334–335

Japanese 3–4, 12–14, 47–48, 81, 179, 218–220, 237joint attention 281, 283

and common ground 181conversational co-presence 281cues to attention 128, 129getting adult attention 283locus of adult attention 129physical co-presence 129, 281see conversation

justifications: using because 321–322

Kaluli 47–50, 81K’iche’ Mayan 33–34Korean 81, 85, 86, 141, 142–143, 170–171,

174, 392Kwara’ae 48–50

language choice 336, 345accommodation 352addressees 345–347, 352in early language use 339–340language mixing 344language status 349setting 337, 338social dimensions 351: schools 352; societalnetworks 352

482 Subject index






thinking for speaking 352topic 352translation 342–343see bilingualism

language dominancein bilingualism 347shifts over time 347and transfer 347and usage 347

language mixing 344in adults and children 344with complexity 345with inflections 347mirroring adult mixing 345one or two systems 340–341, 342–344, 348

late errors 145lateralizationchanges in early childhood 362in childhood 362Event Related Potentials (ERPs) 358–359:

electrical activity 358; spatial and temporalresolution 358

and exposure to language 362–363and familiarity 363functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

358–359: blood flow measure 358; 3-Dcomputer modeling 358; spatialresolution 358

hemispherectomies 361, 364–365hemispheric dominance 360–361hemispheric injury 361oral language vs. ASL 361–362Positron Emission Tomography (PET) 358–359:

blood flow measure 358; spatial resolution358; visual areas 358; written word;recognition 358

see sensitive periodLatvian 191–192learning 8–10, 398analogies 398conservatism 398goals 12–14mechanisms 381–383: specialized for language

369, 374; segmentation 380–381from overhearing 288product vs. process 10radio and TV 39–41rote memory 398rules 398–399: dual-encoding model 398;

regularity 398–399schemas 398: frequency 399; product-oriented

194–195, 399stages 14–15starting small 381threshold 185, 399time spent 388see chunks; frequency; productivity

legal sequences 61discovery strategies 101–103sounds, in an unfamiliar language (adults) 62, 63syllables 95word-boundaries 61, 62, 64, 95see production

lengtheningutterance-final 153–155vowels and syllables 35see child-directed speech

lexical gaps 82, 83, 84, 85, 254, 255, 263, 268linguistic communities 306, 307–308listening preferences

mother vs. stranger 57, 58own language vs. other 58, 59prosody in stories 58words in the ambient language 61

locative alternation 223affectedness, content vs. container 225errors 224–225figure as direct object 224–225see perspective

Luo 157

mappingassigning meanings 76fast mapping 136lessons 39the mapping problem 75new words 122–123sense vs. reference 93sound to meaning 65words to world 39see meaning

meaningcues from word-class 134event types 181fast mapping 136first words 82, 85, 86, 88gradual acquisition 131hypotheses 147indeterminacy 145inferences in context 85, 86inferences in conversation 128, 129, 132, 134,135, 140–141, 284

inflections 181meaning relations 139: inclusion 139, 140; parts139–140; pragmatic directions 132

sense vs. reference 93single components of meaning, cause 130structure of the lexicon 125see fast mapping; word-classes; word extensions

measures ofinfant attention, discrimination 55–56, 59:conditioned head-turn 55; HAS (highamplitude sucking) 54; head-turn preferences55; heart rate 55

Subject index 483






memory 195formulas 211juxtapositions 211see C-representations

modeling 396communication 397: coordination games 397complex constructions 397computational models 193connectionist simulations 381distributional properties 397: frequent

frames 397dual encoding, evidence against 396regular and irregular past tense 396segmentation 396–397

monitor-and-repair model 385–386aligning production with comprehension 100, 387change in children’s language 386mismatch in comprehension and

production 386recognition for comprehension 386repair 386see comprehension vs. production; production

representations for languagemultilingualism: see bilingualismmutual exclusivity 127inconsistent with lexical structure 134see constraints on word acquisition

mutual knowledge: see common ground;informativeness

narratives 331coherence 334–335crosslinguistic comparisons 332filtering and packaging 333–334flashbacks 334planning and presentation 331plot lines 334rhetorical, structural, and discursive options

332–333storytelling 306temporal sequences 334updating 332see genres of talk

negatives 214auxiliary and modal verbs 212early negatives 214echoic vs. exclamatory 214negative forms, distribution 214negative polarity items 216–217stages in acquisition 214–216

new informationand addressee knowledge 289–290, 291careful articulation 118and core arguments of verb 203cumulative additions to common ground 282in final position 35, 63, 66and focal stress 164–165

lexical subjects 163–164and uncertainty 289see given and new; informativeness;salience

noun bias 80bias for objects over events 81complexity of events 81context differences 81by language 81nouns before verbs 81, 140word-class assignments 82

Nthlakampx 59–60number 176

formal complexity 183one vs. more than one 184plural marking 177redundant marking 186–187

one-word stage 77, 151–152: andintelligibility 151

open words: see word-classesoperating principles 389

a priori preferences 389Basic Child Grammar 389, 391–392common strategies 391crosslinguistic 389–391mechanisms for acquisition 389see coping strategies

order of mention: see temporal clausesorder of occurrence: see temporal clausesoriginal word game 122, 124, 140

and the adult’s role 122tracking adult usage 143

overhearing: see learningoverregularization: see dual encoding model;

inflections

paradigms 265, 267, 277and overregularization 265in word-formation 265see inflections; regularity; word-formation

parameter-settingpro-drop, subject drop 204, 370, 371UG (Universal Grammar) 370–371

participant roles: see argument structurepassive: see voice alternationpausing

in child-directed speech 34between words 151

perception of speechdiscrimination of differences 55–56,59, 61

in early bilingualism 340familiar stories 58invariance problem 52–53language problem 52, 53legal sequences 340–341

484 Subject index






native vs. non-native differences 59–60segmentation problem 51, 52stress-timing vs. syllable-timing 340

periphrastic causatives 131, 222–223indirect vs. direct causation 221–222see causatives

person 176perspective 92, 137–138, 217, 224–225alternations 217: causative 217, 218–223;

locative 217, 223; passive 217–218construction choice 92, 217past tense for irrealis 329in pretense 306stage directions 328in temporal sequences 240word-choice 92, 137–138word rejections 342

persuasion 306, 322persistence 319preschool children 306request-types 324–325spontaneous attempts 323–324teenagers 325see genres of talk

physical co-presence: see conversationpitchspeech to infants 23, 33–34universal uses 27, 47–48see child-directed speech

pivot words: see word-classesplanningmultiword utterances 153sequences of single words 152word duration, alone vs. in combination

153–155Polish 58, 267, 332politeness 306judgements 318polite choices: elicited 318, 319; spontaneous

317–321polite forms 317–321reiterated requests 320–321requests to peers 320

Portuguese 58, 131, 174,218–220, 225

Positron Emission Tomography (PET): seelateralization

poverty of the stimulus 23, 394subject–auxiliary inversion 395see child-directed speech

practice 113, 388–389articulation 94awareness 115bedtime monologues 114daytime practice 114and newly acquired words 115repairing entrenched errors 100

in a second language 388–389sounds, words 109syntactic patterns, break-downs andbuild-ups 114

pragmatic directions 42and contrast 136meaning relations 139what to use when 42word offers 41–42: and added information43, 135

see child-directed speechpragmatic principles: see contrast; conventionalitypreemption

child coinages 261, 263, 268, 270, 393–394by conventional forms 262–263, 270nouns, verbs 262–263see contrast; conventionality

preferencesexperimentation en route 101–103sounds in babble and words 104word avoidance 103–104, 105see production

Preferred Argument Structure: see given and new;informativeness

prefixesun- 272–273see coinages; word-formation

P-representationalignment and change 387and C-representations 387: mismatch 387new representations 387see monitor-and-repair model

pretense 306past tense and irrealis 329stage directions 328see perspective; stage directions

productionaligning production with comprehension100, 387

articulatory programs 109asymmetry with comprehension 118in bilingual children 340: in babble 341; in earlywords 342

C-representations in memory as targets 94planning multiword utterances 153segments 98–100simplifications by children 106sequences of single words 152sounds in contrast 98–99templates for words 108variations in word forms 94see preferences; simplifications in production;word shapes

productivityconstructions 171: frozen vs. productive171–172

early productive patterns 172, 179

Subject index 485






productivity (cont.)frequency 184inflections 176, 177, 180–181, 182, 184innate (given a priori) 190paradigms 178, 179, 265productive options first 266, 267transparency 256, 264, 266word-formation 256, 266, 270, 277see inflections; overregularization; paradigms

propositionsearly word combinations 230juxtapositions 230

protoconstructions 160; see constructions; formulasprotospeech acts: see intentions; speech acts

questions 207auxiliary verbs 212formulaic frames 208–210: in second language

210–212stages of acquisition 212–213wh- forms 208, 209wh- questions 212–213yes/no questions 213–214

rate of speechto younger vs. older children 35–36see child-directed speech

ratification 282with repeats 291, 297see repetition; uptake

referencemultiple terms, one referent 137–138see meaning; perspective

reformulations 38, 41–42, 43, 393–394checking on child intentions 38, 39and contrast 393–394correcting errors 24, 43, 394positive and negative evidence 394side sequences 393see child-directed speech

regularity 196paradigms 178, 265regularization 178, 180see inflections; overregularization

relational termsadjectives 130conjunctions, temporal 130nouns, for kin 130prepositions, spatial 141, 142–143, 183–184quantifiers 130

relative clauses 234in comprehension 235in production 234–235: imitated 234–235referent specification 234, 235–237relative pronouns 235

repairsto conjunction choice 251

ensuring comprehension 303interpreting adult repairs 140, 304to pronunciation 297, 303–304after rejecting misinterpretations 303to speaker intention 393–394spontaneous 94, 100uptake of (adult) repairs 122–123

repetition 296child-directed speech 36–37common ground 296functions in conversation 295, 296and grammatical structure 298–299imitation 296, 298locus of attention 129after questions 297–298, 299ratify the previous speaker 291, 296, 297to signal uptake 291, 297as verbal play 299see common ground; conversation;reformulations

representations for language 385, 387in memory, for comprehension 72,385–386

multiple representations 387in tallies 383writing systems 388see C-representation; P-representation

roots, stems: see word-formationroutines

and formulaic speech 26–27sequences of events 245spontaneous descriptions 241see child-directed speech; temporal clauses

rulesinflections stored in memory 180source-oriented 194–195see schemas

Russian 4–5, 58, 66–67, 191–192, 198, 265

saliencein objects, actions, words 158see given and new

Samoan 47–48schemas

inflections 194–195product-oriented 194–195see rules

school talk 306, 329answers evaluated 330questions repeated 330–331to teachers 329, 330see genres of talk

second-language learning 367exposure 367: age of arrival and numberof years 368

grammaticality judgements 367–368language learning skill and age 368–369

486 Subject index






segmentationin adults 52distributional patterns 57, 58, 62in infants 66–67recurring sequences 52, 380–381speech stream 51, 57–58, 75: bracketing

380; clustering 380–381; reference 380statistical relations 57, 58transitional probabilities 57, 58word-boundaries 64see learning; similarity

semantic feature hypothesis 129, 130meaning components 131semantic composition 130semantic features 130shape, as basis for word use 129–130see meaning

semantic relations: see child-directed speechsemantic roles 91same for adults and children 91and new information 92

sensitive period 357, 363critical period 363–364: puberty 368feral children 365isolated children 366: retardation 366; emotional

trauma 366left hemisphere injury 364second-language learning 367see lateralization

Serbo-Croatian 183–184, 222–223Sesotho 48–50side sequence: see reformulationssimilarityand analogy 400mechanisms for detection 380–381:

bracketing 380; clustering 380–381;reference 380

in processing 380, 400see learning

simplicity of formin coinages 264, 265simple forms first 256simplicity is relative 266in word forms 264see coinages; word-formation

simplifications in productionassimilations 106omissions 106substitutions 106templates for word shapes 108see production; word shapes

social basis of language 1–2, 5–7social class 44child vocabulary size and school 46, 47deictic forms 44expansions vs. prohibitions 44, 46quantity of child-directed speech 45

socioeconomic status (SES) 44topic continuations 44, 46

social roles 306, 307, 308addressees 307, 309: distinguished by age 308;by power, status 308–309

controlled improvisation 308gender 308, 310: disputes and negotiation ofplay 311; requests 310

role stereotypes 308style, register 307: defined 306, 307; ininteraction 307; prosody and phonology 309;settings for 307; vocabulary andmorphology 309

social setting of acquisition: see conversationsounds

contrasting segments 98–100position, initial 107: medial 99; final 99in precocious two-year-olds 113vs. words 99–100

Spanish 3–4, 58, 95, 177, 179, 191–192, 332,333–334

speaker intentions 283–284, 304children’s inferences 284primates too 304see intentions; speech acts

specialization for languagechinchillas, macaques, rhesus, quail 56, 57language areas of brain 357, 358, 359see lateralization; perception of speech

speech acts 281–282, 306adding politeness 318aggravation vs. mitigation 320–321costs and benefits 319development 282–283eliciting speech acts 301–302form and function 306imperatives 317indirect requests 318, 320protospeech acts 282–283repertoire of forms 319requests vs. offers 300types 282see intentions

stage directionscrosslinguistic comparisons 329nonpresent is irrealis 329in play 328see pretense

starting small 381ASL acquisition 381discontinuous morphemes 382–383restricted resources 381word-classes 381–382see learning

stress patternsin compounds nouns 255, 274in familiar words 61

Subject index 487






stress patterns (cont.)in multisyllabic words 95, 111preferences in infants 60–61strong syllables 64, 109weak syllables retained 110–111word combinations 111

subject 204omissions 204–205: and metrical structure

205, 206performance limitations 204reference to own actions 206subject vs. object 205–206see grammatical relations; parameter-setting;

Preferred Argument Structuresubordination 231subordinating conjunctions 231, 242,

243–244see causal, complement, conditional, relative,

temporal clausessuffixes-er in coinages 270–272see word-formation

Swedish 274syllablesin babbling 95early word shapes 99, 108metrical templates 110multisyllabic words 110–111stressed 109, 112timing 95tone 95see production; simplifications in production

tally, keeping track 383, 384–385co-occurrence and distribution 383–385representations in memory 386, 387types vs. tokens 383–384see frequency; productivity

taxonomic assumption 124conceptual basis 126–127see constraints on word acquisition

templatesmetrical 110multisyllabic 110–111syllables preserved 110–111trochaic stress 110words 108see production; syllables

temporal clauses 240event order 241–242, 243–244juxtaposition 240order of mention 241–242sequence, in routines 241simultaneity 242, 243, 334see subordination

Thai 218–220thinking for speaking 252–253, 352

time spent 388–389child vs. adult 388see learning; practice; social class

transitionconversational “support” 117from gestures to words 156–157trade-offs in pronunciation 117words to segments 112–113words to word combinations 115–116

transparency of meaningaffixes 266changes in 266in children’s coinages 264–265in word-formation 256in word-parts 264see coinages; word-formation

Turkish 3–4, 12–14, 81, 161–162, 176, 190,218, 222–223, 237, 238, 332, 333–334

turn-taking 282, 285coming in late 286, 287imposed on infants 25–26, 30–31interrupting turns 286keeping track 287–288offering new information 288relevant intrusions 287–288scaffolding 285: and commonground 295

switching pause 287timing 286, 287see conversation

typology 3–4, 176, 392morphology, agglutinative 176: analytic 176;synthetic 176

operating principles 392salience of linguistic notions 392–393

Tzeltal 81, 170–171Tzotzil 48–50

Universal Grammar (UG) 370parameters 370–371passive voice 371–372subject drop 370

universals: in child-directed speech 24, 47–50uptake

acknowledgements 30–31, 393–394continuations 143, 393–394new words 122–123repeats 291, 297see ratification; reformulations; repetition

utterances across speakersand acquisition of structure 292–294questions and assertions 294–295scaffolding 285

verbsin child-directed speech 81–82and constructions 201–202

488 Subject index






denominal coinages 263, 268–270event-types 190–191general-purpose verbs 88, 170regularity in inflection 196selective uses of inflections 190verb islands 169–170verb particles 168, 272–273see constructions; inflections; paradigms

vocabularyearly vocabulary 76, 77estimated size by age 75intelligible words 77restricted early uses 78, 97semantic domains 43, 76

vocabulary spurt 78articulatory skill 79birth order 79criteria for spurts 78–79production vs. comprehension 80spurt as artifact 79symbolic value of words 79

voice (passive) alternation 226action verbs vs. mental verbs 227adversatives 226–227be vs. got 226–227early expressions 226from vs. because 245from vs. by 228object affected is given 226truncated passives 227

Wernicke’s area 359wh- questionsformulaic uses 208: in a second

language 210order of acquisition 208utterance length and stage 212–213

whole-object assumption 124conceptual basis 126–127see constraints on word acquisition

Williams Syndrome (WS) 374–376and encapsulated syntax 375and general development 375vs. SLI 375and vocabulary acquisition 375–376

word analysis 254, 256elicited comprehension 256, 257–258finding segments in words 66–67,

98–100glossing new words 259–260identifying heads and modifiers 257–258,

259–260spontaneous analyses 256see word-formation

word-classes 178, 188child-directed speech 188in constructions 168

determiners, articles 191–192distributional information 189notional categories 178, 187noun and verb emergence 167–168in one-word stage 82, 188open vs. pivot 159syntactic cues 134using inflections 187–188word-endings 167

word combinationscrosslinguistic comparisons 157, 161deictic terms 171–172event-types encoded 157formulas, limited scope 161, 165–166individual differences 161precocious 171trade-offs with articulatory skill 152see informativeness; salience

word extensions 82communicative function 83, 84narrowing down overextensions 85overextensions 82, 83: familiarity 84;movement size, sound, texture 83;shape 83; and taxonomy 84

overlaps 85, 86underextensions 85see meaning

word-formationaffixes 254, 259complexity 256compounding 254–255derivation 268productive patterns 256roots 254simpler forms first 256transparent meanings 256see coinages; compounding; derivation

word orderadult–child word order matches161–162

in child-directed speech 41–42,161–162

errors in synthetic compounds 274–276and grammatical relations 160, 177pragmatic 160, 161–162in root compounds 274in word combinations 160see given and new; grammatical relations

word recognitionaided by child-directed speech 63and familiarity 61and frequency 63timing, embedded in frames vs. in isolation 63,65, 66, 128

word shapesadult targets 67: for comprehension 68in dense vs. sparse neighborhoods 68

Subject index 489






word shapes (cont.)early words 94, 97expanded word shapes 110fis phenomenon 69–72stored in memory 61, 66, 69–72vocalizations plus gestures 30–31, 97

words vs. sounds 97see comprehension; C-representation; syllables

yes/no questionscanonical vs. noncanonical 213–214see questions

490 Subject index






name index · dodson, kelly 191, 221 dollaghan, christine 320, 321 donaldson, margaret 130, 143...

Documents