netapp basicadmin

Basic Administration

Module 2

Data ONTAP 7-Mode Administration

© 2011 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

Module Objectives

By the end of this module, you should be able to:Connect remotely to a FAS system by using

the console and a remote hostAccess NetApp® System Manager to

administer a storage systemExecute commands by using the console, a

remote host, and NetApp System ManagerUse commands to analyze a FAS systemConfigure and manage the NetApp

AutoSupport™ support tool for a FAS system

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© 2011 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved. 3

AdministrativeInterfaces


CLI and GUI

A storage system can be managed from:The command-line interface (CLI)

– Accessed directly through a serial connection to the console

– Accessed remotely through Secure Shell (SSH) or Telnet

A graphic user interface (GUI): accessed remotely through a variety of protocols

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Command-Line Interface


Command-Line Interface

CLI is accessed through the console or through Ethernet:system> Wed Apr 7 20:53:01 ...

logged in from console

system>

Maximum of 2 sessions: – 1 from console

– 1 from Ethernet (SSH or telnet)

By default, a storage system allows:– One session, one user at a time

– Two sessions, up to two users at a time

Creating additional sessions generates an error:Too many users logged in! Please try again later.

Connection closed.

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Console Connections: Serial Port

The console allows a physical connection through the:Serial portRLM or SP BMC

Serial Port

– Storage systems have an RJ45 port marked IOIOI (on the rear panel).

– You connect the DB9 end to a serial port on a host computer.

– Properties: Speed: 9600 bits per second Data bits: 8 Stop bits: 1 Parity: none Flow control: hardware or none

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The console allows a physical connection through the:Serial portRemote LAN Manager (RLM) or

Service Processor (SP)BMC

Console Connections: RLM or SP

– Remote access to your storage system regardless of the system state

– Continuous power and secure access

– An rlm command or sp command used for configuration

– The naroot account used to log in as root

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SP Ports


Console Connections: BMC

The console allows a physical connection through the:Serial portRLM or SP On the FAS2000 series, Baseboard

Management Controller (BMC)

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BMC Port– Remote access to your

storage system regardless of the system state

– Continuous power and secure access

– A bmc command used for configuration

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Data ONTAP® 8.0

Shell Access: e0M and e0P

In addition to direct console access, administrators can access a storage system through the:e0M and e0P (if available)Ethernet

Management LAN

RLMor SP

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e0P


Shell Access: Ethernet

In addition to using direct console access, administrators can access a storage system through:e0M and e0P (if available)Ethernet

– Communication protocols: Defaults to secure protocols Defaults to insecure protocols

– Secure protocols like SSH and SSL are recommended

– The following insecure protocols are not recommended: RSH Telnet

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Secure Shell

Secure shell (SSH):– Allows for secure administrative access to the storage system– Requires no license; set on by default in Data ONTAP 8.0.x– Is supported by the Data ONTAP 7.3.x and Data ONTAP 8.0.x

operating systems

To configure SSH 2.0:system> secureadmin setup ssh– Follow the wizard and enter a host key of 768 bits.– Wait for a syslog message that indicates that SSH is set up.

system> secureadmin enable ssh2

Host keys are found where indicated:– RSA key: /etc/sshd/ssh_host_rsa_key– DSA key: /etc/sshd/ssh_host_dsa_key

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Working with the CLI

Move the cursor right one position

Move the cursor left one position

Move the cursor to the beginning of the line

Delete all characters from the cursor to the end

Delete the character to the left of the cursor

Delete the line

Delete a word

Reprint the line

Ctrl-F or the Right arrow key

Ctrl-B or the Left arrow key

Ctrl-A

Ctrl-K

Ctrl-H

Ctrl-U

Ctrl-W

Ctrl-R

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Command-Line Privileges

The CLI has two modes:– Administrative

priv set or priv set admin Represented by system>

– Advanced priv set advanced Represented by system*>

Use advanced commands only under the direction of NetApp personnel.

system> priv set advancedWarning: These advanced commands are potentially dangerous; use them only when directed to do so by NetApp personnel.system*>

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Basic Administration Commands

system> ?? fpolicy nfsstat smtapeacpadmin fsecurity nis snapaggr ftp options snaplockarp halt orouted snapmirrorbackup help partner snapvaultbmc hostname passwd snmpcdpd httpstat ping softwarecf ide_savecore ping6 sourcecharmap ifconfig pktt spcifs ifgrp portset statsclone ifstat priority storageconfig igroup priv sysconfigdate ipsec qtree sysstatdcb ipspace quota timezonedf iscsi radius traceroutedisk key_manager rdate traceroute6disk_fw_update keymgr rdfile upsdns license reallocate uptimedownload lock reboot useradmindu logger restore versiondump logout rlm vfilerecho lun route vlanems man routed vmservicesenvironment maxfiles rshstat volexportfs… mt… sasadmin… vscan…

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system*> ?/etc/rmt hostname nv8 showfh? httpstat ontapi showfh4acorn ic options sisacpadmin ide_savecore orouted sldiagaggr ifconfig panic sm_monarp ifgrp partner sm_mon_oldavailtime ifinfo passwd sm_notbackup ifstat perf smb_histblink_off igroup ping smtapeblink_on incpy_cmd ping6 snapbmc inodepath pktt snaplockbootfs ipsec portset snapmirrorbringhome ipspace priority snapvaultcdpd iscsi priv snmpcf java ps softwarecharmap key_manager qtree sourcecifs keymgr quota spclone led_off radius statitcom led_off_all rc_loop statsconfig led_on rc_loop_check storagedate led_on_all rdate sttydcb led_on_off rdfile sysconfigdd led_reset_all reallocate syslogdf led_test reboot sysstatdisk… led_test_one… registry… systemshell…

Advanced Privilege Commands

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17© 2011 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

Graphical User Interfaces


GUIs Used to Manage Storage Systems

A storage system can be managed throughvarious GUIs:NetApp System ManagerNetApp Operations Manager (formerly

DataFabric® Manager)Microsoft® Windows® interfaces, such as

Computer Management for certain CIFS functionality

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NetApp System Manager 2.0.2 Enables:

– Quick setup – Easy management of NetApp storage

Requires:– Windows XP, Windows Vista™, Windows Server® 2003, or

Windows Server 2008– Microsoft Management Console (MMC) 3.0 – Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0

Supports:– The Data ONTAP 7.2.3 and later operating systems– Current storage systems– Data ONTAP 7.2.3+ and 8.1x operating in Cluster-Mode (c-

mode), up to 24 nodes

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NetApp System

Manager


NetApp System Manager Features

Windows integrationDiscovery and setup

of storage systemsNAS provisioningLUN provisioningCIFS and NFS configurationISCSI and Fibre Channel (FC) configurationManagement of storage systemsStreamlined HA pair configurationWindows system tray notification

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Assigning a System to Be Managed

After installation, administrators can either discover or manually assign storage systems to be managed.

Discovery requires DHCP.

Add host name or IPand click here.

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NetApp System Manager: Storage Systems

Edit allows host name changes.

Setup allows authenticated users to configure

the selected storage.

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NetApp System Manager: Setup Wizard

If previously configured, check OKand then click Next

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Setup Wizard Network Configuration

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Setup Wizard Configuration Summary

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Setup Wizard Setup Completion

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NetApp System Manager: Configuration

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NetApp System Manager: Dashboard

Select a storagesystem to

view details.

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NetApp System Manager: Security

Configure SSH and SSL.

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NetApp System Manager: SSH Keys

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NetApp System Manager: SSL Certificate

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Operations Manager

Discovers, monitors, and manages NetApp storage Provides maximum availability and ensures business

policy compliance

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Alternative GUIs

MMC and its snap-ins Computer Management Server Manager (in Windows Server 2008 and later)

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Configuring Your System


Configuring Your System

To change the configuration of a storage system, use one of the following methods:– CLI– Configuration files – NetApp System Manager

Steps in setting up a new storage system:– Verify the date, time, and time zone configuration– Set up SNMP variables to be monitored, if any– Review the System Log (Syslog)– Configure the AutoSupport support tool

Verify configuration: AutoSupport tool to report configurations

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CLI Commands

System options:system> options [feature.option_name] [value]

Example: options rsh.enable offNOTE: If no value is entered, the current value is displayed.

Aggregate options:system> aggr options aggrname [option_name] [value]

Volume options:system> vol options volname [option_name] [value]

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Registry Files

Registry files contain many persistent configurations.

NOTE: The registry should never be edited directly.

File Usage

/etc/registry Current registry

/etc/registry.lastgood Copy of registry after last successful boot

/etc/registry.bck First-level backup

/etc/registry.default Default registry

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System Files

System files contain filer configuration information

/etc/rc --- file is for network interface configuration/etc/hosts --- file is for Name resolution/etc/hosts.equiv --- file is to provide RSH access/etc/nsswitch.conf --- file for search order/etc/messages -- file is for sys logs

NOTE: The system files should never be edited directly.

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Editing Files from the CLI

1. Make a backup copy of the file.

2. Read the file: rdfile.

3. Use one of two command to write to the file:– To write to the file and delete the original

file: wrfile– To append 1 line to the file without deleting

the original file: wrfile –a

NOTE: Better yet, use NetApp System Manager.

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CLI: Time Options

To configure the date and time:system> date [-u] [[[CC]yy]mmddhhmm[.ss]]

Example:system> date 201004020728sets the date for April 2, 2010, at 7:28 a.m.

To configure the time zone:system> timezone [name]

– The name argument specifies the time zone. – Each time zone is described by a file in the storage

system’s /etc/zoneinfo directory.

Example:system> timezone America/Chicagosets the time zone to CST.

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CLI: NTP Time Options

To configure a storage system for Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP):

system> options timed.proto ntp

To set the SNTP servers:

system> options timed.servers pool.ntp.org,

10.125.25.23

To enable the time configuration:system> options timed.enable on

In an Active Directory® environment, set the ID to match the servers that are synchronized with Active

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NetApp System Manager: Time Options

To configuredate, time, and

time zone

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CLI: Syslog

A syslogd daemon performs message logging. The /etc/syslog.conf configuration file on the storage

system's root volume determines how system messages are logged.

Messages can be sent to:– The console – A file – A remote system

By default, all system messages are sent to the console and logged in the /etc/messages file.

You can access the /etc/messages file by using:– An NFS or CIFS client– NetApp System Manager

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The /etc/syslog.conf File

The /etc/syslog.conf file consists of lines with space-separated fields in the following format:facility.level action

The facility parameter specifies the subsystem from which the message originated.

The level parameter describes the severity level of the message.

The action parameter specifies where messages are sent.

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NetApp System Manager: Syslog

To view theSyslog

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AutoSupport


AutoSupport Tool

The AutoSupport tool:– Monitors a storage system's operations – Sends automatic messages to technical support

AutoSupport messages are generated:– When triggering events occur– When you initiate a test message – When the system reboots– Once a week (usually after 12 a.m. on Sundays)

E-Mail Server

HTTP/HTTPS

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SMTP


Examples of AutoSupport Events

Events E-Mail Subject Line

Low NVRAM battery BATTERY_LOW

Disk failure DISK_FAIL!!!

Disk scrub detected checksum errors DISK_SCRUB CHECKSUM ERROR

Shutdown occurred because of overheating OVER_TEMPERATURE_SHUTDOWN!!!

Partial RPS failure occurred REBOOT

Disk shelf error occurred SHELF_FAULT

Spare disk failure occurred SPARE DISK FAILED

Weekly backup of /etc/messages occurred WEEKLY_LOG

Successful HA takeover of partner CLUSTER TAKEOVER COMPLETE

Unsuccessful HA takeover CLUSTER TAKEOVER FAILED

HA takeover of virtual filer REBOOT (CLUSTER TAKEOVER)

HA giveback occurred CLUSTER GIVEBACK COMPLETE

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CLI: Configuring AutoSupport, Steps 1−2

1. Specify whether to notify NetApp (required for many NetApp Support services):system> options autosupport.support.enable [off|on]

2. Specify to notify NetApp technical support over SMTP or over HTTP/HTTPS:system> options autosupport.support.transport [smtp|http|https]

– If smtp, notice is sent to autosupport.support.to

– If http or https, notice is sent to autosupport.support.url

Read-only

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3. Determine the amount of information to include:system> options autosupport.content

[complete|minimal]

4. If minimal, specify how to identify storage systems:system> options autosupport.minimal.subject.id

[hostname|systemid]

5. Specify up to five mail host servers:system> options autosupport.mailhost host1[,…]

6. Specify the sender’s e-mail:system> options autosupport.from address

7. Specify up to five e-mail addresses to send notifications to: system> options autosupport.to address[,…]

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8. Specify up to five e-mail addresses to send notes to:system> options autosupport.noteto address[,…]

Notes are designed to send short e-mail messages to devices such as cell phones or other text devices.

9. Enable AutoSupport:system> options autosupport.enable [on|off]

NOTE: AutoSupport logs are stored in /etc/log/autosupport.


Testing AutoSupport Messages

To send an AutoSupport manual message, run the following command on the storage system console: system> options autosupport.doit ‘[message]’ The message can be a word or a string that is

enclosed in single quotation marks (‘ ’). For testing your AutoSupport configuration, NetApp

recommends that you use the message TEST or TESTING.

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NetApp System Manager: AutoSupport

To configureAutoSupport

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AutoSupport Configuration

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Module Summary

In this module, you should have learned to: Connect remotely to a FAS system, using the

console and a remote hostAccess NetApp System Manager to administer

a storage systemExecute commands by using the console, a

remote host, and NetApp System ManagerUse commands to analyze a FAS systemConfigure and manage the NetApp

AutoSupport support tool for a FAS system

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Module 2: Basic Administration

Estimated Time: 60 minutes

Exercise


Check Your Understanding: Answers

List the methods to access a storage system’s command-line interface.Telnet, RSH, and SSH

How can you configure a FAS system from a remote host?– System Manager – Later we will learn for UNIX, set up NFS and mount an

export of the root volume and for Windows, set up CIFS and access the \\system\C$ share.

When are AutoSupport messages generated?– Events occur on the storage system that require

corrective action. – The storage system reboots. – You initiate a test message. – Once a week, usually after 12 a.m. on Sundays.

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