new english course (reading) 黄贵赵伟兴肖薇 part a: beavers new english course (book one)...

New English Course (Reading)

黄贵赵伟兴肖薇

Part A: Beavers

New English Course (Book One)5

Pre-reading Activities

Text Analysis

Supplementary Exercises

Writing Practice

Cultural Readings

Part A: Beavers


Pre-reading Activities

Warm-up Questions

Background Information

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• What animal do you see in this picture?

Background Background InformationInformation

Pre-reading Activities I

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• Geographical range

生活领域 • Physical characterist

ics

身体特点• Reproduction

生育繁殖• Behavior

生活习性

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Geographical range 生活领域 Beavers are found throughout North America, except for

the Southwest, and Mexico.

Beavers live in streams, rivers, and lakes where trees are abundant. (in a large amount): temperate ( 温带 ) forest & rainforest, freshwater lake, freshwater rivers

Physical characteristics 身体特点Beavers are primarily growing or living in or near water. They have waterproof, rich, glossy ( 光滑的 ), brown fur, and large, black, webbed ( 有蹼的 ) feet. Their powerful hind legs also increase their swimming ability.

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Reproduction 生殖繁育 Female beavers are mature at 2.5 years old. They give birth to one litter of kits per year, usually between April and July. The gestation( 怀孕 )period is about 3 months. The litter usually consists of 4 kits, but up to 8 are possible. They are born with all of their fur, their eyes open, and their incisor teeth （门齿） erupted. The young usually stay with parents for 1-2 years and then leave to make their own homes.

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Behavior 生活习性 Beavers form pairs and usually live in family

groups of up to 8 related individuals. Beaver families are territorial and defend against other families. In order to warn each other of danger, beavers slap their

tails against the water, creating a powerful noise. Beavers are only occasionally seen during the day. They usually w

ake at dusk ( 昼伏夜出 ).

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Warm-up QuestionsWarm-up Questions

Pre-reading Activities II

• Have you heard or ever read about beavers?

• What do you know about it?

• What do you expect to learn from the text?

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words &

expressions

New Words Listening

analysis of

text

Phrases Language study

Outline

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engineering n. dam n.construct vt. nearby a.pond n. mud n. project n./v. shelter n.chamber n. view n.tunnel n. regulate vt.vertical a. convenience n.essential a. bark n.diameter n. ability n.trunk n. female n. paw n. drag v. chin n.

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after all 毕竟 to hold back 阻挡，抵制 to draw on/upon 利用，支取 from … point of view 从 … 角度看 due to 由于 to project against 保护，免受 to a large extent 在很大程度上 to pick one’s way 小心地走 to deal with 处理，对待

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Many people believe that beavers are intelligent animals. After all, their dams are fine examples of engineering. The engineering skills of beavers are well known, but it will be useful to recall their main features.

A pair of beavers will construct a dam across a river. The water held back by the dam overflows the bank on either side of the river, flooding the nearby ground and forming a pond. At some point in the pond the beavers then build their home, which is called a lodge.

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This consists of a cone-shaped pile of branches and sticks of two to six feet in length held together with mud and stones, the top of which projects above the waterline. It serves as a shelter from the elements, a refuge from enemies and a base for food supplies to be drawn upon in winter. From an engineering point of view the lodge could hardly be improved. Not only does it contain a central chamber just above water level, but it also has one or more escape tunnels, well-insulated walls and a vertical chimney, which regulates the temperature inside and gives air-conditioning.

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It is altogether a clever piece of construction, with all modern conveniences. It is, in fact, better protected against the effects of flooding than many human houses. Trees are essential to beavers. They eat the bark on the upper branches, and in order to reach these they must fell the trees. Tree felling is a skilled job, as anyone who has felled even a young tree knows.But beavers fell more than young trees. A pair is

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said to be able to fell a tree four inches in diameter in 15 minutes. They do by gnawing all round the trunk, as high up from the ground as they can reach. They often build platforms of mud and earth to enable them to cut through the tree where the trunk is narrower. The engineering skill of beavers is to a large extent a result of their ability to use their front paws as hands. A female will carry her young held under her chin with her front paws, walking on her hind legs.

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A similar method is used by all beavers when transporting stones or mud, although they also carry such materials on their broad flat tails. The forepaws are also used for digging and for dragging heavier logs. It is easy, therefore, to see why people should talk about the beaver’s skill, cleverness and intelligence. However, the structure of the beaver’s brain gives no indication that the animal is any more intelligent than other rodents.

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Many of its actions, which appear to be the result of a higher order of reasoning, can be shown to be due to instinct and are suspected of being the outcome of an inborn pattern of behavior.

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Grammar point

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Try to recall exactly what happened. The ambassador was recalled when the war broke out.

recall

Example Example

recall vt/ n. to bring sth./sb. back into mind by thinking 回忆，记起，回想 vt. withdraw, to order sb. to return 召回

Phrases Phrases

recall sb. to sth. 使某人重新注意到或意识到这事物beyond \ past recall 想不起来的，不能取消的

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The bridge is constructed largelyof concrete.

It is really a well-constructed novel.

construct

construct vt. build, put or fit together, form建造，构造，创立

Example Example

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hold back

• hold back (from sth.) 因恐惧或不情愿而退缩踌躇 She held back from telling him what she thought of him.

• hold sb.\sth. back 阻止阻挡控制或限制某人或事物 The dam was not strong enough to hold back the flood waters.

• hold sth. back 不表现或不流露感情 He bravely held back his tears.

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Sentence comprehension

two to six feet in length = two to six feet long

Example Example

The room is 30 square meters in area.The lake is 4m in depth.The mountain is 2000 meters in height.The box is 50kg in weight.

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project

project vi. to stick out, extend forward 凸出，伸出 vt. to cause to fall on a surface, to throw or cast forward 投射，放映

Example Example

The house has a balcony that projects over the street. We don’t have a screen, but we can project the slides onto the back wall.

>>>more>>>more>>>more>>>more

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n. 1 ） a plan or scheme 计划，工程 2 ） task which requires students to do their own research and hand in the results 项目

Example Example

More and more money is being put into scientific research projects. The class are doing a project on the cultural revolution 30 years ago.

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serve as

to serve as: to fulfill one requirement or to achieve some certain purpose 满足需要，达到目的

Example Example

The box serves as a table. In the absence of anything better the sofa could serve as a bed for a couple of nights. It’s not exactly what I wanted but it will serve my purpose.

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view

view n. a personal opinion, thought, belief, etc. about sth. 观点，见解，意见

Example Example

In my point of view, George is able enough to cope with team. We will agree with the committee’s views. Old views are being rapidly changed by theprogress of science.


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view vt. to consider , regard as , look at认为，观察，观看

Example Example

The subject may be viewed in various ways.How do you view your chances of success?

Phrases Phrases

in view of sth. 鉴于，由于，考虑到

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flexibility

Sentence comprehension

“It is, in fact, better protected against the effects of flooding than many human houses.”

How to paraphrase this sentence?

key The lodge is built so well that it seems impossible to improve it. It is a shelter stronger than many human houses when floods come.

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essential

essential a. necessary (for ,to), most important 本质的，实质的，基本的，精华的 n. basically necessary elements 本职，实质，要素，要点Example Example

It’s essential that you attend all the classes.Learn the essentials first, then learn the details.

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to a large extent

to a large extent: in a large degree 在很大程度上

It was his own fault to a large extent.

Example Example

Phrases Phrases

to the extent to some extent to such an extent /to the extent thatto what extent……

达到某种程度

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her young

“one’s young” means “one’s young sons or daughters”

“the young” means “young people”

Example Example

Football is a game for the young.Animals will often fight to deathto protect their young.

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drag

drag vt. to pull (a heavy thing) along vi. to move slowly and with effort

拖，拽，缓慢而费力的行动Example Example

Don’t try to drag me into your plans.

The meeting dragged on for a long time.

The man was so weak that he could just drag about.

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indication

indication n. a sign or suggestion by which you can judge what will happen 指示，迹象，暗示indicate v. show, suggest or represent 指出，显示，预示，象征Example Example

There are indications that the situation may be improving.

With a nod of his head he indicated to me where I should sit.

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reason

reason n. cause, grounds; the power of thinking 原因，理由，理智 vt. to argue, give an opinion based on reason 推论，辩论 vi. (with) to argue, persuade 争论，说服，劝说

Example Example

I reasoned from his silence that he was unhappy.

Her parents have tried to reason with her, but she just won’t listen to them.


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by reason of sth. 因为或由于某事物in\within reason 理智的，合理的

beyond\ past all reason 不合道理的 , 无法接受reason with sb. 为说服某人而与之理论

Phrases Phrases

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suspect

suspect ： vt. ~ sb. of sth.:to think that sb. is probably guilty of sth. illegal or dishonest 怀疑某人（有罪或做了违法的事） vt. ~that, ~sb. to do: to suppose or guess 猜想，对… 有所察觉 a. Open to or viewed with suspicion: 可疑的，受到怀疑的 n. a person believed to have committed a crime 嫌疑犯，令人怀疑的人


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Compare ： suspect & doubt 这一对词均表示“怀疑”的意思，区别在于 suspect 对后面的内容加以肯定，强调“猜想”；怀疑某事已经存在或将会发生；• I suspect him to be a thief. 我猜他是个骗子。• I suspect that he will come. 我猜他会来的。而 doubt 对后面的内容加以否定，对某人说的话不相信或对今后某人某事是否成功把握不大。• Do you doubt my word? 你以为我没讲真话吗？• I doubt if he will come. 我猜他不会来了。

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Grammar: Inversion 倒装


L.15 “not only……but also……” 如果谓语提到主语前面，则句子为倒装语序（ inverted order).若是整个谓语提前，则为全部倒装 (full inversion).如： There comes the bus! Down fell several apples. 有时只部分谓语提前，则为部分倒装 (partial in

version).如： How are you doing? Why didn’t you come?

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1). 当句首为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词为 go ， come 等表示位置移动的动作动词而主语又较长时，通常用全部倒装。

• The door burst open and in rushed the crowd.• Bang! Bang! Bang! Came three reports of fore-crackers.

2). 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，也常常引起全部倒装。• In this chapter will be found an answer.• From the room came a sound.

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• 3). 当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，一般引起局部倒装。

• When I was at school, on no account were we allowed to take the magazines out of the reading room.

• Hardly had he finished his work when the telephone rang.

• 4). . 当方式或频度状语等移至句首时，有时也引起局部倒装。

• Many a time has Mike given me good advice.


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5). 句首状语若有 only+ 介词词组 (P.p) 或状语分句 (adverbial clause) 构成，也可引起局部倒装。

• 就是在昨天他才发现他的表不见了。• Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was

missing.

6). 以关联词 so 开头的句子，通常引起局部倒装。• 记号太小了，我根本看不见它！• So small was the mark that I could hardly see i

t.


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活学活用 Change the following sentences into inversion pattern.

1. They little realized that they had made an important discovery in science.

2. He had no sooner put down the receiver than the telephone rang again.

Little did they realize ……

No sooner had he put ……

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3. We must on no account make any concession in this connection.

4. She was so absorbed in the week that she often forgot to take her meals.

On no account must we ……

So absorbed was she ……

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Outline of the text1. It’s necessary to recall the characteristics of Beaver’s

home.2. A vivid description of Beaver’s building a home.3. Beaver’s hut needs no improvement from engineering

point of view: 1) How for beavers to fall a tree 2) The excellent engineering is to a large extent due to beaver’s front paws used as hands.4. Conclusion: Though beaver’s talent doesn’t indicate its cleverness than the other rodents, its intelligence shows its own instinct, which is even better than human

beings.

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Summary filling

Vocabulary & structure

Translation

Exercises

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Beavers are believed to be ________ animals. They are well known for their ________ . They are able to ________ dams across streams to maintain the water level. Beavers are ________with broad, flat tails. With their large teeth, theycan ________ trees and eat the bark. Beaversappear to be very clever and skillful animals. Butit is more likely that their ________ are just due to ________ and are the outcome of an ________behavior pattern.

intelligentengineering

constructrodent

fell

actionsinstinct inborn

Summary fillingDirection: The following passage is the summary of the text, put the missing words in the blanks according your understanding of the text.

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1. To reason, reason, reasoning, reasonable, reasonably a. There is no __________ to get excited. b. The police were __________ with the hijackers to at least let the children go. c. If you tell him what happened, he will know. He is a _________ man. d. It seems to me that this __________ is altogether sound. e. Stop shouting and let’s discuss it __________ .

2. To project, project, projector a. The clouds __________ their shadows on the grass. b. A __________ is a device for showing films or images on a screen or

other surface. c. The upper storey __________ over the street. d. In our third year at the school everyone has to do a special __________ .

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reasonreasoning

reasonablereasoning

reasonably

projectprojector

projectsproject

Vocabulary & structureDirections: Use the appropriate forms of the words listed to fill the blanks of the following sentences.

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1. 这就是你要的书。

2. 只有这样我们才有希望把工作好。

3. 直到昨天我才知道他去美国了。

4. 从来还没有一个国家做这样巨大的努力来发展工业。

Here is the book you want.

Only in this way can we hope to do the work well.

Not until yesterday did I learn that he had gone to America.

Never has any country made such great efforts to develop industry.

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Translation

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Writing exerciseWriting exercise

Model essayModel essay

Writing tipsWriting tips

Writing practiceWriting practice

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Writing tips — 4 空间说明

写说明文经常要涉及到说明顺序的安排。特别是按空间排序的说明文，必须依据合理的说明顺序。例如，向别人介绍你自己校园，写作之前应该确定一个参照物，然后以参照物为参考对象进行说明，会使说明更加清楚。而且，可以有几个不同的参照物，但是参照物的数量不能过多，否则，会产生凌乱的感觉。

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Directions: Write a passage on “the Layout of a Hospital”, trying to illustrate the layout as clear as possible.

Writing exercise

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Model essay

The Layout of a Hospital Near the gate ， on the west side of the road is the Emergency Department ． Opposite the Emergency Department across the Main Road is the Out-patient Department ． The building to the southwest of the lake is the Dispensary ，which face the Surgery Department lying on the other side of the road ． Along the west wall ， from south to north ， stand three buildings ： the Physician Department ， Throat Department ，and the Dental Department ． A winding road by the lake leads to the Ward ． Near the end of the Main Road ， the Administrative Building is situated on the east side ． The hospital is nicely and conveniently laid out ．

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Reading skills

Reading practice

Reading

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We have mentioned in last unit that when we come across the unfamiliar words in reading, it is not necessary to look them up in a dictionary all the time. And we’ve discussed three concrete ways to follow while reading. They are definition, example, and restatement. Actually, there are some more methods thatwe may use.

Reading skills

Part A: Beavers

New English Course (Book One)5Tip 4: Using Synonyms as Context Clues A synonym is a word with the same or nearlythe same meaning as another word in the same language.Tip 5: Using Antonyms as Context Clues An antonym is a word opposite in meaning to another word in the same language. Tip 6: Using Common Knowledge Quite often, your common knowledge will help you deduce the meaning of an unknown word.

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Reading passage

Polar bears live on seals, and to hunt them the bears must have ice to get to where the seals are. One area where polar bears are doing very well is along the western shore of Hudson Bay in Canada, this is also one of the best places to see the big bears. Hudson Bay has a huge body of water, about twice the size of Texas.

The polar bears of Churchill

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During the winter, when it freezes over, the bears live out on the ice, which is their home, hunting for seals. When the spring comes, large pieces of ice are blown south to the bay’s southern shore. The bears ride the floating ice onto the beach. In Hudson Bay, the ice melts by July, and the bears have to come ashore. They spend months ashore eating very little, digging into sand and dirt so that they can stay cool on the summer “heat”. There, in late autumn, they wait for the ice to refreeze. By mid-October, some 600 to 1,000 bears are massed along the coast around Cape Churchill, forming the largest concentration of polar bears in the world. In November, to be at the very tip of the Cape is to be in the middle of a slow but steadily flowing river of bears, skillfully picking their way across the ice in a straight-line push for their hunting grounds.

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The town of Churchill, Canada’s northernmost deepwater

port, lies right in the path of the migrating and every autumn

the bears can be seen wandering around this town of about 800

people. Everyone is taught from childhood on how to avoid or

deal with bears. Bears that approach within a certain distance

of the town are captured and put into “jail”. As soon as the bay

freezes, the 20 or 30 bears that are captured are tranquilized

and transported away from town by helicopter. This is an

excellent, but expensive alternative to shooting unwelcome

bear.

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接下来，我们来做下页题目！

Actually, Churchill residents are quite proud of their

bears, calling their village the “Polar Bear Capitol of the

Word”. Hundreds of tourists now travel to Churchill from

late September to mid-November every year just to see the

bears. For about a month, polar bear tours are big business

in Churchill.

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Comprehension questions

1. What’s the main topic on polar bears?2. What will polar bears do when ice melts?3. Where will bears head when summer advances?4. How do people in Churchill capture bears?

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Answers to the questions

1. The seasonal movement of the polar bear is mainly discussed.2. They will dig into sand and mud to keep themselves cool.3. They start to go to Hudson Bay’s coast.4. By tranquilizing them and then carrying them away by helicopters.

Part A: Beavers


The end The end Thank You!Thank You!

new english course (reading) 黄 贵 赵伟兴 肖 薇 part a: beavers new english course (book one)...

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new english course (reading) 黄贵赵伟兴肖薇 part a: beavers new english course (book one)...