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მე-4 ყოველწიური კონფერენცია გენდერის კვლევაში

სოციალურ მეცნიერებათა ცენტრი

6 დეკემბერი, 2012

ojaxSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli kanonis implementacia

saqarTveloSi

konteqstualuri interaqciis Teoriis mixedviT

nino javaxiSvili; gvanca jiblaZe

ilias saxelmwifo universiteti

Abstract

The law against domestic violence was adopted in Georgia in 2006. Accordingly, National Action

Plans were developed in 2007-2008; 2009-2010; 2011-2012, with the aims and relevant activities

determined. Both, governmental and non-governmental organizations are involved in the process of

implementation of the law. However, adopting the law does not ensure its successful

implementation. There are 35 organizations working on the different aspects of the issue (5 -

governmental, 30 – non-governmental ones). According to the results of the research conducted in

2011 – “United Efforts to Combat Domestic Violence in Georgia: Local or International Agenda?” –

realization of the law against domestic violence in Georgia is not successful. The present paper is an

attempt to show the reasons of the unsuccessful implementation of the law.

The current study is based on the results of the research conducted in 2011. The case study was

employed as a method, it includes in depth interviews with 33 organizations working on the issue of

domestic violence, reviews of media, governmental and non-governmental organizations’

publications. The data are analyzed via Contextual Interaction Theory (Bressers, 2004; Owens,

2008).

The theory emphasizes three characteristics of the actors involved in the implementation process –

motivation, information and power/resource. According to the theory, these characteristics

determine how successful the realization of the policy is. The policy implementation is more likely

to be successful when: 1) The issue is important for each actor (motivation); 2) The awareness of the

actors about the issue is sufficient, and the actors have vision of the solutions of the problem

(information) 3) The actors have the capacity/possibility of interference, i. e. power and resources.

Hence, the research question: Do the organizations have sufficient motivation, information and

power for successful implementation of the anti-domestic violence law?

The results show that:

Both, governmental and non-governmental organizations experience the lack of the

information. Moreover, they cannot outline successful ways of problem solving and effective

collaboration.

Governmental organizations have less motivation and the implementation process is

determined by external factors – demand of international organizations.

Non-governmental organizations have more motivation, but less resource and power.

The power is not distributed equally. The organizations with less motivation have more

power and vice versa. Several actors have insufficient possibility of interference. In spite of

the power of governmental organizations, they lack personnel with sufficient qualification

and the resources.

Therefore, the organizations involved in the implementation of the anti-domestic violence law, do

not have sufficient motivation, information and power to effectively combat the problem of

domestic violence that requires comprehensive approach.

Key words: Domestic violence; Implementation; Governmental organizations; Non-governmental

organizations; Contextual Interaction Theory; Motivation; Information; Power

saqarTveloSi saxelmwifos doneze ojaxSi ZaladobasTan brZola daiwyo

2006 wels, rodesac miiRes kanoni ojaxSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg. kanonis

ganxorcielebis mizniT SemuSavda 2007-2008; 2009-2010; 2011-2012 wlebis

samoqmedo gegmebi da ganisazRvra kanonis danergvisaTvis saWiro miznebi

da Sesabamisi aqtivobebi. am procesSi CarTulia rogorc samTavrobo, aseve

arasamTavrobo organizaciebi. Tumca, kanonis miReba da samoqmedo

gegmebis SemuSaveba ar niSnavs mis efeqturad implementacias. saqarTveloSi

ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebze sul 35 organizacia muSaobs (5 samTavrobo,

30 arasamTavrobo). organizaciebi am problemis sxvadasxva aspeqtze

muSaoben. 2011 wels Catarebulma kvlevam: “ojaxSi ZaladobasTan brZola

saqarTveloSi: organizaciebis erToblivi Zalisxmeva: adgilobrivi Tu

dasavluri dRis wesrigi?”, aCvena, rom saqarTveloSi kanonis gadmotana

moqmedebaSi efeqturad ver xerxdeba (javaxiSvili da sxvebi, 2011). am

naSromiT ki gvinda vaCvenoT, ratom ver xorcieldeba efeqturad ojaxSi

ZaladobasTan brZolis politika.

poltikis ganxorcielebis procesis gasaanalizeblad, pirvel rigSi,

aucilebelia TviTon am terminis operacionalizacia, anu, ganisazRvros, Tu

ra mniSvnelobiT iqneba termini ”implementacia” gamoyenebuli naSromSi.

vebsteris leqsikonis mixedviT, es termini ganimarteba, rogorc aqtivoba,

romelic xorcieldeba raime davalebis, an miznis Sesrulebis, miRwevis,

dasrulebisTvis. am ganmartebas eyrdnobian politikis mecnierebebis

warmomadgenlebic TavianT naSromebSi. presmeni da vildavski (1973)

implementacias ganmartaven oficialur dokumentebSi aRwerili politikis

terminebSi. maT Tanaxmad, politikis implementacia SeiZleba gavigoT,

rogorc dasaxul miznebsa da maT misaRwevad ganxorcielebul aqtivobebs

Soris urTierTkavSiri. mazmanianis da sabatieris (1983) Tanaxmad, politikis

implementacia aris politikuri gadawyvetilebebis Sesrulebis procesi,

romelic ZiriTadad gaerTianebulia da warmodgenilia kanonebSi (Paudel,

2009).

am naSromSi implementacia ganxiluli iqneba, rogorc interaqtiuli da

dinamiuri procesi, romelSic SesaZlebelia CaerTon sxvadasxva aqtorebi,

rogorc implementatorebi da rogorc samizne jgufi. politikis

ganxorcielebis aqtorebs da sxva dainteresebul pirebs SeuZliaT

sasicocxlo roli iTamaSon implementaciis nebismier doneze mis

warmatebasa, an warumateblobaSi. naSromSi implementaciis procesis

gasaanalizeblad gamoyenebuli iqneba aqtorze centrirebuli midgoma -

anu, konteqstualuri interaqciis Teoria (Bressers, 2004).

konteqstualuri interaqciis Teoria fokusirebulia politikis

implementaciaze da politikis procesebs, maT Soris implementaciis

process, aRiqvams rogorc aqtorTa interaqciis process. igulisxmeba, rom

am procesebze gavlenas axdenen Sesabamisi aqtorebi TavianTi moqmedebebiTa

da erTmaneTTan interaqciiT (Hophmayer-Tokich, 2012). implementacia

interaqtiuli da dinamiuri procesia, romelSic SesaZlebelia CaerTon

sxvadasxva aqtorebi, rogorc implementatorebi da rogorc samizne. amaT

garda, politikis ganxorcielebaSi CarTuli arian sxva dainteresebuli

pirebic, romlebsac, politikis ganxorcielebis aqtorebTan erTad,

SeuZliaT sasicocxlo roli iTamaSon implementaciis nebismier doneze mis

warmatebasa, an warumateblobaSi. (Bressers, 2004).

politika breserss da mis kolegebs (Bressers, 2004; Owens, 2008) esmiT, rogorc

erTi konkretuli proeqti, romelic an ganxorcieldeba, an – vera. Mmisi

ganxorcieleba damokidebulia or ZiriTad aqtorze: implementatorze da

samizneze. magaliTad, garemos dacviT organizacias surs gamwmendi

samuSaoebis ganxorcieleba konkretul adgilas, garemos dabunZurebasTan

brZolis mizniT. esaa SesaZlo politika. mis ganxorcielebas Wirdeba

implemantatoris mxridan saTanado motivacia, resursi/Zalaufleba da

informacia, magram, es ar aris sakmarisi, radgan realobaSi iSviaTad Tu

xdeba, rom mxolod erTi organizacia axorcielebdes proeqtebs. Tu sxva, am

Teoriis terminebiT, samizne organizacia, romelic iq qarxanas aSenebs,

ewinaaRmdegeba implementators, anu, ara aqvs am RonisZiebis (politikis)

ganxorcielebis motivacia, magram aqvs implementatorze meti Zalaufleba,

maSin politika ver ganxorcieldeba, radgan samizne organizacia mas

dablokavs. samizne organizacias garemos dabinZureba ar awuxebs,

samagierod, awuxebs is, rom gamwmendi samuSaoebi ar Catardes, radgan maT

gamo Seferxdeba qarxnis mSenebloba da Sesabamisad, gaizrdeba misi

xarjebi.

winamdebare kvlevaSi gamoyenebulia konteqstualuri interaqciis Teoriis

ramdenime ZiriTadi debuleba:

Zalian bevr faqtors SeuZlia iqonios gavlena aqtorebis moqmedebebsa

da interaqciaze, magram gavlenaze saubari iwyeba mxolod im

SemTxvevaSi, Tuki es faqtorebi Secvlian aqtorebis ZiriTad

maxasiaTeblebs.

aqtorebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebia: maTi motivebi (romlebic

warmarTaven maT moqmedebebs); maTi kognicia (informacia, romelic maT

aqvT da ris mixedviTac xdeba garemos interpretireba maT mier) da

maTi resursebi (igive SesaZlebloba da Zalaufleba).

es sami maxasiaTebeli interaqciis procesSi erTmaneTze axdens

gavlenas.

am Teoriis ZiriTadi idea efuZneba mosazrebas, rom politikis procesebis

mimdinareoba da Sedegi damokidebulia ara mxolod aqtorebis

’Senatanebze’/wvlilze (inputs), aramed ufro metad im aqtorebis

maxasiaTeblebze, romlebic CarTulni arian am procesSi, konkretulad maT

motivaciaze, informirebulobasa da resursze. yvela sxva faqtoris gavlena

implementaciis procesze SeiZleba aixsnas swored imiT, rom es faqtorebi

gavlenas axdenen aqtorebis maxasiaTeblebze (Spratt, 2009). ganvixiloT samive

maxasiaTebeli cal-calke:

motivacia - am terminis qveS moiazreba aqtoris sakuTari motivacia

da garegani zewolis potenciuri wyaroebi. aqtoris sakuTari

motivacia moicavs iseT aspeqtebs, rogoricaa implementaciis

miznebTan Tavsebadoba, anu ramdenad Seesabameba implementatoris

miznebi politikis miznebs; samuSaosTan dakavSirebuli motivacia, anu

motivacia, rom Sesruldes amocana; aqtoris damokidebuleba

implementaciis obieqtis mimarT - pirovnuli rwmenebi implementaciis

miznebis Sesaxeb; damokidebuleba samizne jgufis mimarT, anu,

ramdenad Sesabamisia samizne jgufis miznebi implementatorebis

miznebTan da TviT-efeqturobis Sefaseba, anu darwmunebuloba imaSi,

Tu rom aqtors aqvs SesaZlebloba ganaxorcielos konkretuli

aqtivoba. garegani zewolis potenciuri wyaroebi ki moicavs

normatiul, ekonomikur, socialur da politikur gavlenebs; ramdenad

aris samoqalaqo valdebuleba ama Tu im aqtivobis Sesruleba;

ramdenad aris gansazRvruli esa Tu is aqtivoba finansuri motiviT,

an socialuri da politikuri zewoliT (Owens, 2008). motivacia

rogorc implementatoris, aseve samiznesaTvis msgavsi aspeqtebiT

xasiaTdeba. sakiTxis mniSvnelovnoba aqtorisaTvis metwilad

ganapirobebs implementaciis xarisxs. Tu aqtori ar miiCnevs

konkretul sakiTxs mniSvnelovnad da ar gaaCnia sakmarisi motivacia,

Sesabamisad is ugulebelhyofs am sakiTxisken mimarTul politikasac.

motivaciis Seswavla aadvilebs implementatorebis perspeqtivis, maTi

rwmenebis da Rirebulebebis sistemis da aRqmebis gagebas (Spratt, 2009).

informacia - politikis warmatebuli implementaciisTvis saWiroa am

procesSi CarTuli aqtorebis informirebuloba (Spratt, 2009).

ganasxvaveben ori tipis informacias – zogadi informacia da

gamWvirvaloba. zogadi informacia moicavs politikis zogad codnas,

politikis moTxovnebis codnas, politikis potenciuri sargeblis

Sesaxeb informacias, Sesabamisi aqtorebis politikaSi

gaTviTcnobierebulobas, sxva dainteresebuli pirebisa da maTi rolis

codnas procesSi; rac Seexeba gamWvirvalobas, es termini gulisxmobs

sxvadasxva informaciaze xelmisawvdomobas; sxvadasxva xarisxis da

raodenobis dokumentacias; procesis sirTuleebs da

gansazRvrulobas (Owens, 2008).

Zalaufleba - am terminSi moiazreba SesaZlebloba da kontroli.

Zalaufleba SesaZlebelia asocirdebodes SesaZleblobasTan, an

resursTan, rogoricaa finansebi, pirovnuli resursi da dro.

realurad, implementaciis procesSi resursebis nakleboba

mniSvnelovani faqtoria. SesaZleblobis, an resursis arseboba

aZlierebs, an, piriqiT, asustebs konkretuli individis, an

organizaciis pozicias. Zalaufleba, rogorc kontroli, SeiZleba

daiyos formalur da araformalur aspeqtebad. formaluria

Zalaufleba, romelic individma an organizaciam miiRo legaluri

arxebiT. araformaluri Zalaufleba warmoiSveba sxva gzebiT da

SesaZlebelia warmoadgendes mniSvnelovan balanss formaluri

ZalauflebisTvis (Owens, 2008).

Teoriis avtorebma ganixiles agreTve implementaciis procesSi CarTuli

aqtorebis sxva maxasiaTeblebic, romlebic, sxvadasxva dros sxvadasxva

avtorebma Semoitanes (O’Toole, 1986; Owens, 2008), Tumca, yvela es

maxasiaTebeli maT isev sam ZiriTad maxasiaTebels miakuTvnes. magaliTad,

edvardsis (1980) mier Semotanili Tviseba - implementatorebis dispoziciebi

da atitudebi miakuTvnes motivacias; bermanis (1980) mier Semotanili

politikis miznebis sicxade miakuTvnes informacias, misive Semotanili

kontrolis xarisxi ki – Zalauflebas da a.S. (Owens, 2008).

programis implementacia ufro didi albaTobiT warmatebulia maSin,

rodesac:

politikis mier gansazRvrul sakiTxi TiToeuli aqtorisTvis

mniSvnelovania (motivacia);

aqtori darwmunebulia, rom arsebobs problemis gadaWris misaRebi

variantebi (informacia);

aqtors aqvs Carevis SesaZlebloba (Zalaufleba) (Alesch and Petak, 2001;

Gagnon et al, 2007; Spratt, 2009).

rogorc erovnuli samoqmedo gegmebidan Cans, ojaxSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg

brZola da samoqmedo gegmebSi gawerili miznebis Sesruleba sxvadasxva

samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo uwyebis prerogativaa. konteqstualuri

interaqciis Teoriis mixedviT, aqtorTa ori jgufi gamoiyofa –

implementatorebi da samizne, igive “quCis donis” aqtorebi. “quCis donis”

aqtorSi igulisxmeba is subieqtebi, romlebic politikas axorcieleben

qveda doneze – eseni SeiZleba iyvnen arasamTvrobo organizaciebi da

sazogadoebis sxva wevrebi (Spratt, 2009).

mocemuli kvlevis mixedviT, es subieqtebi arian ojaxSi Zaladobis

sakiTxebze momuSave arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, romlebic ojaxSi

Zaladobis winaaRmdeg mimarTul politikas axorcieleben arasamTavrobo

doneze, xolo implementatorebi - samTavrobo organizaciebi, romlebic

CarTulni arian am procesSi.

winamdebare kvlevis mizania gamoavlinos, ratom ver xerxdeba implementacia

saTanadod, kerZod, ra faqtorebi SeiZleba uSlides xels saqarTveloSi

ojaxSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli kanonis warmatebiT

ganxorcielebas. sakvlevi kiTxva Semdegia: aqvT Tu ara organizaciebs

warmatebuli TanamSromlobisTvis saWiro motivacia, informacia da

Zalaufleba?

kvlevis meTodi

kvlevaSi gamoyenebulia SemTxvevis Seswavla. ojaxSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg

mimarTuli kanonis implementaciis saqarTvelos SemTxveva gaanalizebulia

konteqstualuri interaqciis Teoriis (Bressers, 2004) saSualebiT.

naSromSi gamoyenebulia 2011 wels Catarebuli kvlevis – “ojaxSi

ZaladobasTan brZola saqarTveloSi: organizaciebis erToblivi Zalisxmeva:

adgilobrivi Tu dasavluri dRis wesrigi?” – monacemebi (javaxiSvili da

sxvebi, 2011). aRniSnuli kvlevis masalebi moicavs siRrmiseul interviuebs,

ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebze momuSave arasamTavrobo da samTavrobo

organizaciebis mier gamocemuli publikaciebis damuSavebas. aseve media

publikaciebs, 2006 wlidan 2010 wlamde periodSi SeirCa yvelaze

didtiraJiani da advilad xelmisawvdomi Jurnal-gazeTebi.

interviuebi Catarda ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebze momuSave rogorc

samTavrobo, aseve arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan. sul gamoikiTxa 33

organizacia, aqedan – 29 arasamTavrobo, 4 samTavrobo. TiToeul

organizaciaSi gamoikiTxa erTi, an ori warmomadgeneli, organizaciis

zomidan gamomdinare. respondentebi ZiriTadad iyvnen organizaciis

xelmZRvanelebi da is TanamSromlebi, romlebic uSualod muSaobdnen

ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebze. sul Catarda 44 interviu. TiToeuli

interviu grZeldeboda saSualod ori saaTi. interviu Sedgeboda xuTi

blokisagan, TiToeuli blokSi Semavali kiTxvebi sxvadasxva Temas exeboda,

kerZod – organizaciis aRwera, kanonis miRebis da implementaciis

warmateba, TanamSromloba sxva organizaciebTan, saerTaSoriso gavlena,

zogadi atitudebi ojaxSi Zaladobis TemasTan dakavSirebiT.

kvlevaSi miRebuli monacemebi, romelic damuSavebulia Tematuri analizis

meTodiT da dajgufebulia garkveuli Temebis mixedviT, gaanalizda

konteqstualuri interaqciis Teoriis CarCoSi, anu miRebul monacemebSi

gamovyaviT da SeviswavleT motivaciis, informaciis da Zalauflebis

faqtorebi.

kvleva moicavs periods 2006 wlidan 2012 wlis CaTvliT. 2006 weli

aRebulia aTvlis wertilad, radgan maSin miiRo saqarTvelom kanoni da

SeimuSava samoqmedo gegma kanonis ganxorcielebis mizniT. marTalia,

adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebi 2006 wlamdec

muSaobdnen ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebze, swored 2006 wlidan iwyeba

ojaxSi Zaladobis problemasTan brZola saxelmwifo doneze, anu muSavdeba

oficialuri dokumentebi da iqmneba oficialuri uwyebebi.

Sedegebi

motivacia

Sedegebidan gamoCnda, rom organizaciebis umetesi nawilisTvis (17

arasamTavrobo da 3 samTavrobo) ojaxSi Zaladobis problema aris erT-

erTi sakiTxi mraval sxvasTan erTad, mxolod ramdenime organizacia

aRmoCnda iseTi, romelic mxolod am sakiTxzea mimarTuli, an mis mTavar

sferos warmoadgens. Sesabamisad, proeqtebic, romelTac es organizaciebi

axorcieleben, moicavs ufro farTo speqtrs, ar koncentrirdebian mxolod

ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebze.

gamoCnda isic, rom organizaciebi am problemis aRmosafxvrelad ZiriTadad

ori tipis aqtivobebs axorcieleben – Zaladobis prevencia (informaciis

gavrceleba da sazogadoebaSi cnobierebis amaRleba) da msxverplTa

daxmareba.

”SeiZleba yvelaze warmatebuli ar iyos, magram imisaTvis, rom raRaca

prevencia gatardes, me vTvli, rom cnobiereba unda amaRldes

sazogadoebaSi, rom adamianma zustad icodes, vis mimarTos da aseTi faqtis

SemTxvevaSi, ra daxmareba SeiZleba miiRos, Sesabamisad, Cven yovelTvis

vcdilobT, rom sazogadoebamde mivitanoT swori mesiji, sworad avuxsnaT,

rom ici, Sen Tu gaqvs eseTi problema, Sen xar msxverpli, SeiZleba adamiani

wlebi iyos ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverpli, magram ver xvdebodes da

ubralod ar icodes, rom is msxverplia, amitom me vTvli, rom, es Cemi

piradi mosazrebaa, ra Tqma unda, vTvli, rom swori mesijis mitana

yovelTvis karg Sedegs iZleva, gaaCnia rogor miawodeb am informacias

mas.”(centraluri, arasamTavrobo)

“Cveni muSaoba efuZneba multidisciplinur midgomas, rom aq aris CarTuli

eqimi, imitom, rom somatika cud dReSi aqvT, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi

fsiqiatri, gundi jdeba, yovel qeiss ganixilavs, individualur samuSao

gegma, da iq midis an fsiqokoreqciuli, an fsiqomxardamWeri, an

siRrmiseuli Terapiuli muSaoba, ai, amdagvarad, socialuri unarebis

ganviTarebaze mimarTuli, mTavari aris, rom davexmaroT, msxverplobis

poziciidan gamovides.” (centraluri, arasamTavrobo)

samoqmedo gegmebSi gamoyofil prioritetebs Tu gadavxedavT, vnaxavT, rom

es ori aspeqti zustad Seesabameba samoqmedi gegmebSi gaweril aqtivobebs,

anu SeiZleba iTqvas, rom organizaciebs implementaciasTan Tavsebadi

miznebi aqvT.

aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom arasamTavrobo organizaciebi TavianT wvlils ufro

dadebiTad afaseben am procesSi, vidre samTavrobo uwyebebisas,

analogiurad, samTavrobo uwyebebic. isini dadebiTad afaseben

arasamTavroboebis aqtivobebs da maT wvlils ojaxSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg

mimarTuli kanonis miRebasa da politikis implementaciaSi. Tumca,

Sedegebidan isic gamoCnda, rom samTavroboebs TavianTi roli ufro

mniSvnelovnad miaCniaT da Tvlian, rom arasamTavroboebi mxolod

saxelmwifos survilis SemTxvevaSi axerxeben ama Tu im aqtivobis

ganxorcielebas.

,,enjeos” gavlenac iyo, magaliTad, Sinaarsis definiciis procesSi didi

wili hqonda, Tumca, saxelmwifos rom ar ndomoda, ar iqneboda gavlena.

procesSi monawileoba iyo sruli, igive teqnikuri TvalsazrisiT da

ideurad” (samTavrobo)

Sedegebidan gamoCnda isic, rom motivaciaze garegani zewolis faqtoric

didia ojaxSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg mimaTuli kanonis miRebasa da

ganxorcielebis procesSi. kerZod, aSkarad gamoikveTa, rom kanonis miReba

didwilad ganpirobebulia saerTaშoriso normebiTa da moTxovnebiT.

,,Zalian didi iyo saerTaSoriso gavlena. didi fuli ixarjerboda, Zalian

bevri investicia Caido imisaTvis, rom es kanoni daxvewiliyo da Sesabamisad

miRebuliyo”. (regionuli, arasamTavrobo)

,,arsebobs garkveuli politikuri valdebuleba, romelic saxelmwifom

aiRo, igive evrokavSiris samoqmedo gegmis farglebSi, zogadad adamianis

uflebaTa dacvis kuTxiT da am SemTxvevaSi evrokavSiris roli sakmaod

didi iyo imitom, rom raRaca standartebis moTxovna moxda da am

standartebis Sesabamisoba saxelmwifom aiRo Tavis Tavze” (samTavrobo)

,,arsebobs saerTaSoriso normebi, igive adamianis uflebaTa dacvis

konvencia, saidanac modis esa Tu is norma da aqti, yvela mTels

msoflioSi mouwodebs am normebis dacvas da Cveni kanonebis Sesabamisia am

konvenciasTan/aqtebTan. bevri axali kanoni daiwera swored amisaTvis”

(centraluri, arasamTavrobo)

aqedan SesaZloa vivaraudoT, rom samTavrobo doneze es sakiTxi jer kidev

ar aris momwifebuli saTanadod da kanonic mxolod da mxolod imitom

miiRes, rom es iyo saerTaSoriso moTxovna, morgebodnen garkveul

standartebs. realurad, motivacia garegani zewoliT aris gansazRvruli.

samTavrobo uwyebebisTvis ufro metad mniSvnelovan sakiTxs warmoadgens

ara qveyanaSi ojaxSi Zaladobis problemis aRmofxvra, aramed

saerTaSoriso politikisTvis fexis awyoba, rac, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aris

kanonis miRebis realuri mizezi. aqedan gamomdinare, bunebrivia,

implementaciaze aisaxeba es yovelive. realurad, gamodis, rom saxelmwifos

hqonda mizani mieRo kanoni, magram naklebad aqvs misi ganxorcielebis

motivacia da Sesabamisad, es mis miznebSic naklebad Sedis, gansxvavebiT

arasamTavrobo seqtorisgan.

E

motivaciaze saubrisas mniSvnelovania ganvixiloT aqtoris damokidebuleba

implementaciis obieqtis mimarT, anu, rogor aRiqvamen isini ojaxSi

Zaladobis problemas – aris Tu ara is danaSauli, unda daisajos Tu ara

moZalade; unda moxdes Tu ara Careva ojaxSi Zaladobis SemTxvevisas; unda

moxdes Tu ara ganqorwineba da ra aris ojaxSi Zaladobis mizezebi.

Sedegebidan gamoCnda, rom organizaciebis warmomadgenlebs am sakiTxebTan

dakavSirebiT erTmaneTisgan sakmaod gansxvavebuli damokidebulebebi aqvT.

ar gamoikveTa raime saxis erTi mosazreba, romelic gaziarebuli iqneboda

yvelas mier. respondentebis mosazrebebi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba iseT

fundamentur sakiTxSic ki, rogoric aris ojaxSi Zaladobis danaSaulad

aRiareba, an ar aRiareba;

”[Tu mZime formebSi ar gadadis] me vfiqrob, rom es danaSuli ar aris.

Zaladobis formebi yovelTvis iqneba, amas ver aRmovfxvriT, gaaCnia, zomas,

masStaburobas da formas am Zaladobis.” (centraluri, arasamTavrobo)

“ara, ara danaSauli ar aris. es imitom, rom danaSauls sxva kvalifikacia

aqv, aqedan gamomdinare ojaxSi Zaladoba ganixileba, rogorc arakanonieri

qmedeba ojaxis wevrebs Soris.” (centraluri, arasamTavrobo)

„nebismier SemTxvevaSi danaSulia, imitom rom saerTod pirovnebasTan

asocirebuli pirveli rac aris, es aris Tavisufali neba, nebismieri

TvalsazrisiT rom SevxedoT amas xo? da roca Tavisufal nebas gizRudaven

da gaiZuleben raRac gaakeTo Seni nebis sawinaaRmdegod, ase vTqvaT

diqtatis qveS, es bunebrivia, ukve danaSaulia. oRond ara iuridiuli

kuTxiT.“ (samTavrobo)

„danaSaulia, imitom rom amas xedavs bavSvi, ojaxis sxva wevri, awuxebs

mezoblebs, msxverpli gadis gareT da Tavisi uaryofiTi energia miaqvs

sxvebTan da ojaxSi Zaladoba xdeba socialuri problema da ara erTi da

ori adamianis problema. igive, rodesac maswavlebeli skolaSi modis

ganerviulebuli, nacemi mas bavSvebze gadaaqvs agresia da bavSves Semdeg

Tanatolze“ (regionuli, arasamTavrobo).

rac Seexeba sakiTxs, unda moxdes Tu ara Careva ojaxSi Zaladobis

SemTxvevisas, respondentebis saubridan kargad Cans, rom sazogadoebaSi am

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT tabu mainc arsebobs da am problemis gaxmaurebas

eridebian, Tvlian, rom es aris ojaxis problema da ojaxSive unda

mogvardes. problemis gaxmaureba da sxvebis Careva sircxvilad iTvleba.

”gareT ro ar gavides, jobia SigniT ro iyos es sakiTxi mogvarebuli.”

(regionuli, arasamTavrobo)

„zedmeti Careva ar aris saWiro, yvelam Tavis uflebas unda mixedos.“


respondentebi, romlebic Tvlian, rom Careva aucilebelia, amave dros,

aRiareben, rom saqarTveloSi Carevis ganxorcieleba rTulia, radgan

sazogadoeba mas upirisipirdeba. maTi azriT, es problema mentalitetidan

gamomdinareobs, arada, sazogadoebis damokidebulebas gadamwyveti

mniSvneloba aqvs:

„ aq yvelaze rTul sakiTxs mivadeqiT.. sazogadoebis mentalitets, rom ese

Tvlian rom ojaxSi rac xdeba es ojaxis sakiTxia, da Tundac irRveva

adamianis uflebebi, ar aris valdebuli rom amaze reagireba moaxdinos, xma

amoiRos, an xeli gauwodos..” (samTavrobo)

“unda Caerios, mTeli sofeli unda iyos erTad aseTi damnaSavis dasjaSi,

imitom rom moZalade magiT sargeblobs,rom es ar aris sxvisi problema da

isea, rogorc Tevzi wyalSi. Mme magaliTad,sad iyo maSin es organizacia,

yovelTvis vereodi. Aager Cemi mezoblebi, ramdenjer myavs gaSvelebulebi,

exlac ismis xolme Cxubis xma, magram qali am bolo dros cxvirs ibzuebs,

etyoba qmarma aukrZala sityva ar daZrao, rom gaigo razec vmuSaobT.”


respondentebis didma nawilma aRniSna, rom mainc Tavs Seikavebda

policiis gamoZaxebisgan, Tu Seeswrebodnen ojaxSi Zaladobis scenas.

umetesoba aRniSnavs, rom jer Seecdebodnen Tavad ganemuxtaT situacia, Tu

ver SeZlebdnen, mxolod am SemTxvevaSi gamoiZaxebdnen policias.

„gamoviZaxebdi albaT, Tumca, amaze pasuxis gacema miWirs. miuxedavad imisa,

rom TiTqmis 2000 wlidan am sakiTxebze vmuSaob, mec am sazogadoebis wevri

var.” (samTavrobo)

respondentebis umetesoba aRniSnavs, rom ojaxis SenarCunebis mcdeloba

maqsimaluri unda iyos da mxolod ukidures SemTxvevaSi unda moxdes

ganqorwineba.

“tragediaa, magram roca isini erTad ver icxovreben da an erTi unda

mokvdes, an meore, am SemTxvevaSi ganqorwineba yvelaze kargi gamosavalia.”


“Tu SesaZlebelia, rom ojaxi SenarCundes, unda SenarCundes. kargia,

rodesac bavSvi izrdeba dedasTan da mamasTan.’’ (regionuli, arasamTavrobo)

“me magaliTad ar mimaCnia gamarTlebulad ganqorwineba, imitom rom ojaxi

ar unda ingreodes.. (ojaxi unda....) bavSvebi unda izrdebodes normalur

pirobebSi da unda iyos qarTuli ojaxi..” (regionuli, arasamTavrobo)

respondentebis umetesoba ojaxSi Zaladobis mizezebad asaxelebs

SedarebiT ufro zedapirul socialur da ekonomikur faqtorebs -

umuSevroba, alkoholizmi da a.S. mxolod eqvsma respondentma gausva xazi,

rom ZiriTadi mizezi mosaZebnia ufro siRrmeebSi - mentalitetsa da

aRzrdis stilSi.

„aris sqesobrivi SeuTavsebloba, socialuri da ekonomikuri problemebi,

xasiaTebis ver SeTavseba, ganTlebis sxvadsxva done. individualuria.

ramdeni adamianicaa SeiZleba imdeni mizezi iyos.“ (regionuli,

arasamTavrobo)

“ojaxSi Zaladobis mizezi, saqarTveloSi da isive rogorc sxva qveynebSi

aris swored genderuli uTanasworoba, sadac mamakaci aris dominant qalze

da am dominantobis erT-erTi forma aris ojaxSi Zaladoba.” (centraluri,

arasamTavrobo)

yovelive zemoT aRniSnulidan Cans, rom respondentebis pirovnuli

Sexedulebebi ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi aris sakmaod

tradiciuli. garda amisa, Cans rom ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxze momuSave

organizaciebs ar aqvT erTiani Sexeduleba aRniSnul problemasTan

dakavSirebiT, rac arTulebs da xels uSlis warmatebul TanamSromlobas.

informacia

Sedegebidan gamoCnda, rom organizaciebis didma nawilma ar icis, ra

politika arsebobs ojaxSi ZaladobasTan dakavSirebiT, ar icis zustad,

aqvs Tu ara saxelwifos raime konkretuli strategia SemuSavebuli ojaxSi

Zaladobis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad, vis evaleba am politikis

ganxorcieleba. organizaciebi ar floben zust, erTian da Camoyalibebul

informacias sakoordinacio saagentos Sesaxeb – zogierTi maTgani

varaudobs, rom es aris sauwyebaTaSoriso sabWo, xolo zogierTi ambobs,

rom aseTi ram ar arsebobs.

“ki aqvs samoqmedo gegma da rogorc zemoT avRniSne is 2 wliania da

mtkicdeba prezidentis normatiuli aqtiT.” (centraluri, arasamTavrobo)

“albaT aqvs strategia, magram me ar vicnob.” (regionuli, arasamTavrobo)

“sauwyebaTaSoriso sabWo arsebobs magisTvis, parlamentTan arsebuli.”


”ara, albaT ara, imitom rom Cven ki viciT vin muSaoben am sakiTxebze da

roca rame gvWirdeba, eseTi piradi gamocdilebis mixedviT vurTierTobT,

magram xandaxan SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom viRaca igive raRaceebze muSaobs

da arc gagigia, imitom rom imas Tavisi sivrce aqvs, me mgoni, rom, mTlad

koordinirebuli ar aris.” (centraluri, arasamTavrobo)

“ara, me mgoni ar aris eseTi. nu, ar vici, yovel SemTxvevaSi, ver

getyviT.”(centraluri, arasamTavrobo)

faqtia, rom organizaciebma ar ician zustad, ra aris saxelmwifos

politika ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, ra mizans

emsaxureba is da ra sargeblis motana SeuZlia. Tumca, mniSvnelovania isic

aRiniSnos, rom respondentebis saubridan ar Cans maTi mcdeloba ufro meti

da zusti informacia moiZion aRniSnuli politikis Sesaxeb. maTi saubridan

Cans, rom komunikaciis problemaa rogorc samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo

seqtorebs, aseve TviTon seqtorebs SigniTac. organizaciebi naklebad, an ar

floben erTmaneTis Sesaxeb informacias, ar ician, vin ras saqmianobs da vin

ra kuTxiT aris Zlieri, maT ar aqvT erTmaneTis saqmianobis Sesaxeb

amomwuravi informacia:

“rodesac me vici ras akeTebs vTqvaT, samTavrobo seqtori da Cemi

beneficiari SemiZlia gavagzavno samTavrobo struqturebSi, rom Tavisi

problemebi moagvaros da aseve samTavrobo seqtorma unda icodes, ras

akeTeben arasamTavroboebi, amitom sainformacio Sexvedrebi mniSvnelovania.“


”Cven, anu arasamTavrobo seqtors, Zalian didi gamocdileba aqvs, imitom

rom sanam saerTod egeni amaze fiqrs daiwyebdnen Cven ukve vmuSaobdiT

amaze, da ratom inda gamoigonon velosipedi Tavidan xo, Zaan didi

gamocdileba aris, devs am sferoSi da amis gamoyeneba maTTvis sasikeTod

SeiZleba” (centraluri, arasamTavrobo)

Sedegebidan aseve gamoCnda, rom organizaciebis garkveuli nawili

resursebis naklebobis gamo informaciul vakuumSia, kerZod ver igebs,

rodis ra granti cxaddeba da ra sakiTxze.

,,regions Zalian uWirs am kuTxiT saerTaSoriso informaciis floba.. da es

aris yvelaze saSineleba da xelmisawvdomobac naklebia regionebisaTvis.”


“rodesac grantis mopovebaSi iReb monawileobas, konkurencia midis da

SeiZleba informacia dagimalos, raRac ar giTxras.” (regionuli,

arasamTavrobo).

aqedan gamomdinare, naTelia, rom informaciis gamWvirvalobis kuTxiTac

mniSvnelovani problemebia, xSirad organizaciebs resursebis naklebobis,

an konkurenciis gamo mniSvnelovan da saWiro informaciaze xeli ar

miuwvdebaT.

Zalaufleba

konteqstualuri interaqciis Teoriis mixedviT, Zalaufleba asocirdeba

SesaZleblobasTan, anu resursTan da kontrolTan. is, Tu ra resursi

gaaCnia aqtors, mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs mis Zalauflebas

implementaciis procesSi da aZlierebs, an piriqiT asustebs mas. resursSi

igulisxmeba finansuri, pirovnuli, an droiTi resursi.

rogorc Sedegebidan gamoCnda, organizaciebSi TanamSromelTa raodenoba

umetes SemTxvevaSi 5-is farglebSia, minimaluri raodenobaa 3, maqsimaluri

_ 150, Tumca, 150 mxolod erT, centralur arasamTavrobo organizaciaSia.

garda e.w. Statiani TanamSromlebisa, organizaciebi saWiroebisamebr rTaven

Sesabamis specialistebs. organizaciebSi dasaqmebulebis profesiebi

mravalferovania, rig SemTxvevebSi, profesia ar aris ZiriTadi

ganmsazRvreli faqtori samuSaoze asayvanad.

rac Seexeba samuSao pirobebs, TiTqmis yvela organizaciaSia Sesabamisi

teqnikuri aRWurviloba (mag. kompiuteruli teqnika, qseroqsi, printeri...).

Tumca, manqanis, mZRolis da sawvavis fufuneba iSviaTi gamonaklisia.

,,manqana, mZRoli, benzinis Tanxa gvaqvs”. (centraluri, arasamTavrobo)

ofisi organizaciebs ZiriTadad naqiravebi aqvT Tumca, aris

gamonaklisebic, rodesac sakrebulos Senobas, an sakuTar saxls iyeneben

ofisad.

,,ofisi arc sakuTaria da arc vqiraobT, sakrebulos SenobaSi varT’’.


,,axla, am wuTSi ar gvaqvs daqiravebuli, CemTan pirvel sarTulze gvaqvs

gakeTebuli”. (regionuli, arasamTavrobo)

organizaciebis umetesobas TanamSromelTa samuSao adgilebi sakmarisi

odenobiT aqvs. Tumca, ara yvelas.

,,2 magida gvaqvs da morigeobiT viyenebT” (organizaciaSi muSaobs 5

TanamSromeli) (regionuli, arasamTavrobo)

,,...yvelas aqvs samuSao adgili, fsiqologebs cal-calke oTaxebi aqvT,

imitom, rom WirdebaT...” (centraluri, arasamTavrobo)

organizaciebis yovelwliuri Semosavali sxvadasxvagvaria. kerZod,

organizaciaTa 21%-sTvis 5.000 laramdea, 13%-ma aRniSna, rom 100.000

laramdea, xolo 500.000 laramde an ufro meti Semosavali aqvT

organizaciebis 13%-s. iyvnen organizaciebic, romelTac Semosavali bolo

erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi saerTod ar hqoniaT.

,,weliwadnaxevaria Cven dafinanseba ar migviRia”. (regionuli,

arasamTavrobo)

Sedegebidan aseve gamoikveTa, rom arasamTavrobo seqtoris aqtivobebi

didwilad aris damokidebuli donor organizaciebsa da samTavrobo

seqtorze. gamomdinare iqidan, rom organizaciebis Zalian did nawils mcire

wliuri Semosavali aqvs, an saerTod ar aqvs, isini ZiriTadad

damokidebulni arian donorebis an saxelmwifos dafinansebaze. Sesabamisad,

maTi aqtivobebis arealic SemosazRvruliaDdonorebis moTxovnebiT. rac

Seexeba saxelmwifo seqtors, is ar aris damokidebuli donorze, ufro

metic, donors xSirad uwevs saxelmwifos interesebis gaTvaliswineba.

,,finansuri uzrunvelyofis kuTxiT donorebze varT damokidebuli, xolo

praqtikuli saqmianobis kuTxiT aseve gvWirdeba saxelmwifo organoebTan

[urTierTobac].” (centraluri, arasamTavrobo)

,,is, rasac acxadebs, Cven gvinda Tu ar gvinda, imaze unda vimuSaoT. Tumca

arCevanis saSualeba, ra Tqma unda gvaqvs, Tu ar jdeba is Cvens sawesdebo

miznebSi, ubralod ar SevitanT iq proeqts.” (regionuli, arasamTavrobo)

,,donorebs gaaCniaT Tavisi konkretuli politika, ra prioritetebi aqvT da

am prioritetebSi Tu jdeba is aqtivobebi, romelic Cven gvinda

ganvaxorcieloT, mzaddeba proeqti.” (centraluri, arasamTavrobo)

“ZiriTadad aris, rom isini gamoacxadeben da Sen Segaqvs, magram Cvens

SemTxvevaSi Cven namdvilad viyaviT iniciativiani xalxi da am danakliss

vgrZnobdiT, rom maincdamainc Cvens iniciativas mxardaWera ar qonda.”


”... me vxedav, gaeros ufro gansakuTrebuli mandati aqvs, rac imas niSnavs,

rom man, ase vTqvaT, mTavrobis gavliT unda imuSaos xo? enjeoebs

afinansebs, magram zogadad misi muSaoba da strategia aris mTavrobasTan

SeTanxmebiT gakeTebuli... ...nu raRac sakiTxebze mas uWirs muSaoba,

magaliTad, “Poverty Reduction“-ze uWirs mas muSaoba, radgan am problemas

mTavroba maincdamainc ar aRiarebs da ar iklavs Tavs amaze muSaobiT. “


aRsaniSnavia, rom resursebis flobis mxrivac samTavrobo uwyebebi da

aRniSnuli “elita” organizaciebi lideroben. maT aqvT sakmarisi finansuri,

teqnikuri Tu pirovnuli resursi, rom ganaxorcielon proeqtebi da ufro

didi masStabebi moicvan. rac Seexeba danarCen arasamTavrobo

organizaciebs, bevr maTgans ar gaaCnia sakmarisi raodenobis aRniSnuli

resursi, rac, bunebrivia, aferxebs maT aqtiurobas proeqtebis

ganxorcielebis kuTxiT.

Sedegebidan gamoikveTa, rom mxolod ramdenime Zlieri organizacia

TanamSromlobs sxvadasxva servisis miwodebiსას. swored es Zlieri

organizaciebi dasaxeldnen rogorc “elituri” organizaciebi, romlebsac

sxva arasamTavroboebTan SedarebiT aqvT ufro meti Zalaufleba. es

organizaciebi TanamSromloben ara mxolod erTmaneTTan, aramed

samTavrobo uwyebebTanac, rac kidev ufro zrdis maT Zalauflebas.

“zogi njo, Zalian axlos aris samTavroboebTan. viRac raRac maTi

eqspertiziT sargeblobs da saerTod reputaciac aqvT, rogorc samTavropo

njoebis, aseTebic arian. arian cota daSorebuli da oponenti

arasamTavroboebi da aqac aris sxvasxva tipis urTierTobebi.“ (centraluri,

arasamTavrobo)

aq ikveTeba swored formaluri da araformaluri Zalauflebis mxareebi.

maSin, rodesac samTavrobo uwyebebs formaluri Zalaufleba gaaCniaT, anu,

faqtobrivad samTavrobo seqtorma miiRo kanoni oficialurad da samoqmedo

gegmebic misi gawerilia, araformalur Zalauflebas floben swored zemoT

aRniSnuli “elituri” organizaciebi saxelmwifo organizaciebTan erTad,

romelTac erTmaneTTan ufro mWidro kavSiri aqvT, vidre danarCen

organizaciebs.

ganxilva

yovelive zemoT aRniSnuls Tu gavaanalizebT konteqstualuri interaqciis

Teoriis WrilSi, cxadi gaxdeba, rom ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebze momuSave

organizaciebs Soris TanamSromlobis procesSi arsebobs sxvadasxva tipis

dabrkoleba, rac xels uSlis warmatebul interaqcias. aSkaraa, rom

aqtorebs Soris Zalaufleba, motivacia da informacia araTanabrad

nawildeba. kerZod, saxelmwifo seqtori flobs met Zalauflebas da nakleb

motivacias. arasamTavrobo seqtori flobs nakleb Zalauflebas, magram

motivacia ufro metad aqvs. rac Seexeba informacias, informaciis

nakleboba orive seqtorSi SeiniSneba, radgan, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, ar

arsebobs efeqturi komunikacia seqtorebs Soris, Sesabamisad naklebad

floben erTmaneTis Sesaxeb amomwurav informacias, amasTan, uWirT

problemis gadaWris konkretul gzebze saubari, rac, aseve, informaciis

naklebobaze miuTiTebs.

konteqstualuri interaqciis Teoriis mixedviT, politikis implementacia

didi albaTobiT warmatebulia maSin, rodesac:

mocemuli sakiTxi mniSvnelovania TiToeuli aqtorisTvis – am

SemTxvevaSi gamovlinda, rom es ase araa. rogorc Sedegebis nawilSi

iTqva, bevri maTgani mainc Tvlis, rom sasurvelia, Tu ojaxSi

Zaladobis SemTxveva ar gava ojaxis farglebs gareT, xolo Careva

unda moxdes mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu fizikur ZaladobasTan gvaqvs

saqme. Zalian mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom ojaxSi Zaladobis

mizezebad dasaxelda ZiriTadad ekonomikuri da socialuri

faqtorebi, rac realurad SeiZleba iyos mxolod xelSemwyobi

faqtorebi ojaxSi Zaladobisa, xolo ZiriTadi mizezi – genderuli

uTanasworoba – mxolod rva respondentma daasaxela, romelTagan

yvela arasamTavrobo seqtoris warmomadgenelia. saintereso aris is,

rom gamovlinda tendencia, rodesac respondentebi aRniSnul

sakiTxebze saubris dros sakuTar Tavs ewnaaRmdegebodnen. magaliTad,

ambobdnen, rom qali ar unda emorCilebodes mamakacs, Tumca, sakiTxis

ganvrcobisas sawinaaRmdego mosazrebas gamoTqvamdnen. bunebrivia,

yovelive zemoT aRniSnuli gavlenas axdens aqtorebis motivaciaze –

Tu ojaxSi Zaladobas ar aRiqvam, rogorc socialur problemas,

Carevisganac Tavs ikaveb, Tu mis mizezs genderul uTanasworobaSi ver

xedav, Sesabamis zomebs ar iReb da a. S. Sesabamisad,

implementatorebis amgvari tradiciuli Sexedulebebi, SesaZloa,

efeqtur implementacias uSlides xels, radgan maTi amgvari

Sexedulebebidan gamomdinare, isini SesaZloa ar axorcieleben iseT

aqtivobebs, rac problemasTan warmatebuli brZolisTvis aris saWiro.

garda amisa, Cans, rom ojaxSi Zaladobis problemaze momuSave

organizaciebs ar aqvT erTiani Sexeduleba Camoyalibebuli saerTo

problemaze, Sesabamisad es arTulebs problemasTan brZolis erTiani

strategiis SemuSavebas da warmatebul TanamSromlobas. garda amisa,

arasamTavoboebis aqtivobebi ZiriTadad gansazRvrulia finansuri

motiviT da naklebad ganixileba rogorc samoqalaqo valdebuleba,

gansxvavebiT sxva qveynebis arasamTavrobo organizaciebisagan, sadac

maTi muSaoba ZiriTadad moxaliseobriv principzea dafuZnebuli da

samoqalaqo valdebulebidan gamomdinareobs. amasTan, samTavrobo

seqtors ufro naklebi motivacia aqvs da ZiriTadad garegani

zewolis – saerTaSoriso institutebis - gamo axorcielebs ojaxSi

Zaladobis winaaRmdeg mimarTul konkretul aqtivobebs. Tumca, am

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT gansxvavebuli mosazrebac arsebobs, romlis

mixedviTac, rom ara saqarTvelos qalTa arasamTavrobo

organizaciebis mier gaweuli muSaoba ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverpli

qalebis dasaxmareblad, ver moxerxdeboda am sakiTxisadmi

samarTlebrivi reagirebisa da Sesabamisi politikisTvis safuZvlis

Seqmna (sabedaSvili, 2011). kvlevis avtoris TqmiT, ojaxSi Zaladobis

winaaRmdeg mimarTuli kanonis pirveli monaxazis Seqmna aris swored

arasamTavrobo organizaciebis aqtiurobis Sedegi, romlebmac, TavianT

samuSaoze dayrdnobiT gaacnobieres amgvari kanonis arsebobis

aucilebloba, xolo donorma organizaciebma finansuri da teqnikuri

mxardaWera aRmouCines. am SemTxvevaSi avtori aqtorebis Sinagan

motivaciaze miuTiTebs da ambobs, rom donorma organizaciebma

kritikuli roli iTamaSes kanonis SemuSavebis procesSi, Tumca es

idea arasamTavroboebisTvis maT mier ar yofila miwodebuli

(sabedaSvili, 2011).

aqtors aqvs informacia Sesabamis sakiTxebze, aseve aqvs warmodgena

ama Tu im problemis mogvarebis gzebTan dakavSirebiT – mocemul

SemTxvevaSi esec naklebad gamovlinda. organizaciebi ganicdian

informaciis deficits, aseve ver xedaven problemis gadaWris da

TanamSromlobis saukeTeso gzebs. Sedegebs Tu ganvixilavT

konteqstualuri interaqciis Teoriis WrilSi, naTelia, rom problema

aris informaciis gamWvirvalobis mxrivac. respondentebi aRniSnaven,

rom xSirad erTmaneTs ganzrax ar awvdian saWiro informacias, ar

aqvT xelmisawvdomoba sxvadasxva dokumentaciaze da a.S. Tumca,

aRsaniSnavia, rom es problema aseve ukavSirdeba resurssac, anu

aqtorebs ar aqvT Sesabamisi resursi, an unari, rom moiZion es

informacia. amasTanave, aRsaniSnavia, is Tu ramdenad kargad esmiT

aqtorebs problemis sirTule. respondentebis saubridan gamomdinare,

kiTxvis niSani Cndeba imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ramdenad esmiT maT

problemis sirTule da is, rom TanamSromloba aucilebelia.

zogadad, aRniSnaven TanamSromlobis mniSvnelobas, Tumca meores

mxriv, maTi saubridan Cans, rom am TanamSromlobaSi mxolod meore

mxridan iTxoven met aqtiurobas, xolo sakuTar nakls naklebad

xedaven.

aqtors aqvs Carevis SesaZlebloba, anu Zalaufleba – am SemTxvevaSi

gamovlinda, rom Zalaufleba araTanabrad aris ganawilebuli, meti

Zalaufleba aqvs im mxares, romelsac naklebi motivacia gaaCnia.

aqtorTa nawils aqvs Carevis SesaZlebloba, magram sakmarisad mainc

ar aqvs. miuxedavad imisa, rom saxelmwifo organizaciebi ufro

gavleniani arian, Sesabamisi kvalifikaciis kadri ar hyavT, ar aqvT

sakmarisi resursi, rogorc finansuri, aseve sxva mxrivac

(TavSesafrebi da a.S.).

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqarTveloSi ojaxSi

Zaladobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli kanonis implementaciis procesSi CarTul

organizaciebs akliaT motivaciac, informaciac, Zalauflebac da resursic

imisaTvis, rom efeqturad ebrZolon ojaxSi Zaladobis rTul problemas,

romelic kompleqsur midgomas moiTxovs.

gamoyenebuli literatura:

1) ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis, ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTa dacvis da

daxmarebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos normatiuli aqtebis krebuli. 2010.

Tbilisi, UNFPA

2) CitaSvili, m. javaxiSvili, n. aruTinova, l. wulaZe, l. CaCaniZe, s. 2010.

qalTa mimarT ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebis erovnuli kvleva

saqarTveloSi, Tbilisi, UNFPA

3) Zaladoba ojaxSi – Sen gicavs kanoni. 2009. qalTa ganaTlebisa da

informaciis saerTaSoriso centri. Tbilisi

4) De Boer, Ch. Bressers, H. 2011. Complex and Dynamic Implementation Processes. The

Renaturalization of the Dutch Regge River. University of Twente.

5) Hill, M. Hupe, P. 2002. Implementing Public Policy: Governance in Theory and Practice.

London, SAGE publications

6) Javakhishvili, N., Tsuladze, L. (2011). Implementing Domestic Violence Policy in Georgia:

Impediments and their causes. Paper presented at the 6th ECPR General Conference,

Reykjavik. http://www.ascn.ch/en/Publications/Papers.html

7) Javakhishvili, N., Tsuladze, L. (2011). Interagency United Efforts to Combat Domestic

Violence in Georgia: Local or International Agenda? Report.

http://www.ascn.ch/en/research/Completed-Projects.html

8) Lipsky, M. (1980). Street-Level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Services.

Russell Sage Foundation.

9) Owens, K. 2008. Understanding How Actors Influence Policy Implementation: A

Comparative Study of Wetland Restorations in New Jersey, Oregon, The Netherlands and

Finland. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Twente, Enschede.

10) Raj Paudel, N. 2009. A Critical Account of Policy Implementation Theories: Status and

Reconsideration. Nepalese Journal of Public Policy and Governance, Vol. xxv, No.2.

11) Sabedashvili, T. (2011). The Identification and Regulation of Domestic Violencein Georgia

(1991-2006). Doctoral Dissertation, Central European University

12) Sharon Hophmayer-Tokich (2012). Interaction Processes Between Key Actors –

Understanding Implementation Processes of Legislation for Water Pollution Control, the

Israeli Case, Water Pollution, Prof. Nuray Balkis (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-962-2, InTech

http://www.ascn.ch/en/Publications/Papers.html

13) Spratt, K. 2009. Policy Implementation Barriers Analysis: Conceptual Framework and Pilot

Test in Three Countries. Washington, DC: Futures Group, Health Policy Initiative, Task

Order 1.

14) Winter, S. (2002). Explaining Street-Level Bureaucracy Behavior in Social and Regulatory

Policies. Danish National Institute of Social Research (SFI)

15) http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/implementation

http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/implementation

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