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Dee Unglaub Silverthorn, Ph.D.

!"#$ P%&I'(')%

Po*erPoint+ (ecture &lide Presentation by

r. o*ard . Booth, Pro-essor o- Biology, Eastern "ichigan !niersity

 AN INTEGRATED APPROACH

/ I E I / I ' $

Chapter 1, part #The Central Nervous System

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About this Chapter

Emergent properties of the nervous system

 Anatomy and functions of the CNS Divisions of the brain and what each controls

Integration of complex pathways for behavior

anguage! memory and others

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Nerve net " #ellyfish

Simple brain $ nerve cord " flatworm

%rain $ nerve cord with ganglia " earthworm Increasing forebrain " fish! bird $ human

&lfactory " fish

Complex behavior " birds

'easoning $ cognition " humans

Evolution of the Nervous System

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Evolution of the Nervous System

3igure 156 Eolution o- the nerous system

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Neural plate to neuraltube

Neural crest"(NS

 Anterior forms brain )orebrain

*idbrain

+indbrain +ollow ventricles

Spinal cord

Embryonic Development of Nervous System

3igure 126 /he embryonic nerous system deelops into a hollo* tube

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Embryonic Development of Nervous System

3igure 17 ac6 /he neural tube speciali8es into the si9 major regions o- the nerous system.

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%rain

Spinal cord

Central Nervous System: vervie!

3igure 14a6 #$#/'"% &!""#%6 /he Central $erous &ystem

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+air! s,in! cranium

 -enous sinus blood

*eninges

Drua mater

 Arachnoidmembrane

(ia mater

Cerebrospinal fluid

Protecting the "rain

3igure 14b, c6 #$#/'"% &!""#%6 /he Central $erous &ystem

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)rom coracoid plexus

)ills ventricles $ subarachnoid

)luid pillow floats brain

Exchange transport

)rom blood

To brain tissue

Cerebrospinal #lui$

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Cerebrospinal #lui$

3igure 1:6 #$#/'"% &!""#%6 Cerebrospinal 3luid

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Extensive capillaries $ sinuses

Tight #unctions. limit permeability 

 Astrocyte foot processes. secrete paracrines

(rotects brain. hormones $ circulating chemicals

*any glucose transporters

"loo$ "rain "arrier

3igure 1;6 /he bloodbrain barrier

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Cervical

Thoracic

umbar

Sacral

Spinal Cor$ %egions

3igure 14a6 #$#/'"% &!""#%6 /he Central $erous &ystem

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/ray matter. mostly cell bodies

Dendrites $ terminals

Spinal reflex integrating center

 0hite matter %undles of myelinated axons

 Ascending tracts " sensory 

Descending tracts " motor Dorsal roots

 -entral roots

Spinal Cor$ rgani&ation

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Spinal Cor$ rgani&ation

3igure 1

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Trillion interneurons fill the brain

1p to 233!333 synapses each

%rain divisions

Cerebrum Diencephalons

*idbrain

Cerebellum (ons

*edulla oblongata

"rain vervie!

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"rain vervie!

3igure 11b, c6 #$#/'"% &!""#%6 /he Brain

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*any cranial nerves enter

(yramids " nerve tracts crossover

*idbrain " eye movement control

(ons " breathing! signal relay  *edulla " involuntary functions

Examples. %lood pressure! vomiting

'eticular formation. Networ, in brain stem

 Arousal! sleep! pain! $ muscle tone

"rain Stem vervie!: 'i$brain, Pons ( 'e$ulla

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"rain Stem vervie!: 'i$brain, Pons ( 'e$ulla

3igure 11d6 #$#/'"% &!""#%6 /he Brain

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Cranial Nerves

/able 156 /he Cranial $eres