phits (particle and heavy ion transport code system)1) deposit energy (heat) without local...
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PHITSMulti-Purpose Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System
Koji NIITA, Research Organization for Information
Science & Technology (RIST)
Hiroshi IWASE, GSI
Tatsuhiko SATO, Yukio SAKAMOTO, Norihito MATSUDA, Yousuke IWAMOTO,
Hiroshi NAKASHIMA, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Davide MANCUSI, Lembit SIHVER, Chalmers University
Contents
(1) Overview of PHITS
(2) New Features of PHITS
(3) Heat and DPA in PHITS
Title
Overview of PHITS (Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System) :Overview of PHITS (Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System) :
1951 1983 1997 2001 2003NMTC NMTC/JAERI NMTC/JAERI97 NMTC/JAM PHITS(ORNL) High Energy Fission CG geometry JAM, GG JQMD, MCNP
Magnetic Field Gravity
PHITS = MCNP+JAM+JQMD Transport Particle and EnergyProtonNeutronMesonBarionNucleusPhotonElectron
0 ~ 200 GeV10-5 eV ~ 200 GeV0 ~ 200 GeV0 ~ 200 GeV0 ~ 100 GeV/u1 keV ~ 1 GeV1 keV ~ 1 GeV
Overview
MCNP Neutron, Photon, ElectronTransport by Nuclear Data
JAM Hadron-Nucleus Collisionsup to 200 GeV
JQMD Nucleus-Nucleus Collisionsby Molecular Dynamics
Geometry: CG and GGExternal Field: Magnetic Field, GravityOptical and Mechanicaldevices
Tally, Mesh and GraphicTally: Track, Cross, Heat, Star,
Time, DPA, Product, LETMesh: cell, r-z, xyzCounter: Graphic: ANGEL (PS generator)
Language and ParallelismFORTRAN 77MPI
New Features of PHITS (Recent Developments, released by ver.2.00)New Features of PHITS (Recent Developments, released by ver.2.00)
(1) Duct Source optionfor Neutron Long Beam Line calculations
(2) Super Mirror functionfor Neutron Optics: reflection on the wall
(3) Time Dependent Materialsfor moving material, T0 chopper, …
(4) Time Dependent Magnetic FieldsPulse Magnet for neutron optics,Wobbler Magnet (AC magnet)
(5) Dumpall optionfor re-calculation of whole process (history tape)
(6) Event Generator Modea full correlated transport for all particles and energies
(7) LET and LETDOSE talliesdose and track length as a function of LET (dE/dx)
New Features
Event Generator Mode Event Generator Mode
We have developed a model which can describe all ejectiles of collisionswith energy and momentum conservation for all energy region and for all particles and nuclei.
(for collisions of neutron based on nuclear data)
What can we do by this mode ?
(1) Deposit energy (heat) without local approximation (Kerma factor).
(2) Deposit energy distribution.
(3) DPA without evaluated Displacement cross section data.
(4) Any correlation, coincident experiments.
(5) Bridge to micro-dosimetry code.
Event Generator Mode (1)
An example of Event Generator ModeAn example of Event Generator Mode
Neutron-induced semiconductor soft error
Deposit Energy Distribution by PHITSLeakage ofrecoil nucleusfrom Si
Neutron 19 MeV
Kerma
Simµ3
Event Generator Mode (2)
PHITS code Acceptance and ModelsPHITS code Acceptance and Models
neutrons protons hadronsothers ,..,,, ΣKµπ Nucleus photons
electrons
JAMJQMD
JAMJAM
In progress
transport onlywith dE/dx (SPAR)
200 GeV 200 GeV 200 GeV100 GeV/u 100 GeV
1 GeV
1 keV
10 MeV/u1 MeV1 MeV
20 MeV
(JQMD)(Bertini)
(JQMD)(Bertini)
(JQMD)
thermal 0 MeV 0 MeV 0 MeV/u
GEM GEM GEMGEM
SPARSPARSPAR
MCNPwith
nuclear data
MCNPwith
nuclear data
Map of PHITS
Heat estimation in PHITS Heat estimation in PHITS
PHITS has been extensively used forOptimization and Shielding design around Hg target of J-PARC
Proton
Moderators
Hg target Proton window Neutron window
Neutron window
Heat (1)
Heat estimation in PHITS Heat estimation in PHITS
PHITS has been extensively used forOptimization and Shielding design around Hg target of J-PARC
Proton
Moderators
Hg target Proton window Neutron window
Neutron window
Heat (1)
Heat estimation in PHITS Heat estimation in PHITS
PHITS has been extensively used forOptimization and Shielding design around Hg target of J-PARC
Proton
Moderators
Hg target Proton window Neutron window
Neutron window
Heat (1)
Heat estimation in PHITS Heat estimation in PHITS
PHITS has been extensively used forOptimization and Shielding design around Hg target of J-PARC
Proton
Moderators
Hg target Proton window Neutron window
Neutron windowModerators Hg target
Fe reflectorBe reflector
Heat (1)
Heat estimation in PHITS Heat estimation in PHITS
PHITS has been extensively used forOptimization and Shielding design around Hg target of J-PARC
Proton
Moderators
Hg target
t = 0 nsec
Proton window Neutron window
Neutron windowModerators Hg target
Fe reflectorBe reflector
Heat (1)
Heat estimation in PHITS Heat estimation in PHITS
PHITS has been extensively used forOptimization and Shielding design around Hg target of J-PARC
Proton
Moderators
Hg target
t = 0 nsect = 2 nsec
Proton window Neutron window
Neutron windowModerators Hg target
Fe reflectorBe reflector
Heat (1)
Heat estimation in PHITS Heat estimation in PHITS
PHITS has been extensively used forOptimization and Shielding design around Hg target of J-PARC
Proton
Moderators
Hg target
t = 0 nsect = 2 nsect = 4 nsec
Proton window Neutron window
Neutron windowModerators Hg target
Fe reflectorBe reflector
Heat (1)
Heat estimation in PHITS Heat estimation in PHITS
PHITS has been extensively used forOptimization and Shielding design around Hg target of J-PARC
Proton
Moderators
Hg target
t = 0 nsect = 2 nsect = 4 nsect = 10 nsec
Proton window Neutron window
Neutron windowModerators Hg target
Fe reflectorBe reflector
Heat (1)
Heat estimation in PHITS Heat estimation in PHITS
PHITS has been extensively used forOptimization and Shielding design around Hg target of J-PARC
Proton
Moderators
Hg target
t = 0 nsect = 2 nsect = 4 nsect = 10 nsect = 100 nsec
Proton window Neutron window
Neutron windowModerators Hg target
Fe reflectorBe reflector
Heat (1)
Heat estimation in PHITS Heat estimation in PHITS
PHITS has been extensively used forOptimization and Shielding design around Hg target of J-PARC
Proton
Moderators
Hg target
t = 0 nsect = 2 nsect = 4 nsect = 10 nsect = 100 nsect = 1000 nsec
Proton window Neutron window
Neutron windowModerators Hg target
Fe reflectorBe reflector
Heat (1)
Heat estimation in PHITS Heat estimation in PHITS
PHITS has been extensively used forOptimization and Shielding design around Hg target of J-PARC
Proton
Moderators
Hg target
t = 0 nsect = 2 nsect = 4 nsect = 10 nsect = 100 nsect = 1000 nsecEnergy Deposition
Proton window Neutron window
Neutron windowModerators Hg target
Fe reflectorBe reflector
Heat (1)
Benchmark test of HEAT : compared with KEK experiment Benchmark test of HEAT : compared with KEK experiment
SEC
m ovable target (C u)0.2 interaction length
Absorber
G M cryocooler
therm al shuntC ryogenic C alorim eter
beam dum p
(C u foil)
B eam m onitors
Prim aryprotons
pure Al strip
SPIC
Target
30
φ30
φ240
φ130
φ170
φ180
φ280Prim ary
Protons
Inner AbsorberO uter Absorber
Exp. and Cal. by H. Ohnishi et.al.Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A545 (2005) 88
12 GeV
MCNPX: calculated by N. Matsuda
Ohnishi (1)
calculated by H. Ohnishi. in Dr. thesisDepth Dose Distribution in Cu 10cm radiusDepth Dose Distribution in Cu 10cm radius
Ohnishi (2)
Depth Dose Distribution in Cu 10cm radiusDepth Dose Distribution in Cu 10cm radius calculated by H. Ohnishi. in Dr. thesis
Ohnishi (3)
Depth Dose Distribution in Water Phantom Depth Dose Distribution in Water Phantom
C 290, 330, 390 MeV/u on water
Si 490MeV/u on water
Ne 670MeV/u on water
Bragg Peak
Target
30
φ30
φ240
φ130
φ170
φ180
φ280Prim ary
Protons
Inner AbsorberO uter Absorber
calculated by H. Ohnishi. in Dr. thesis
90 degree
forward
backward
DDX of Secondary Particles DDX of Secondary Particles
40cm20cm0cm
TargetProton12 GeV
flux of secondary particles into Cu absorber
Ohnishi (4)
DDX of Secondary Particles DDX of Secondary Particles
100 101 102 103 104 10510-15
10-14
10-13
10-12
10-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
Neutron Energy (MeV)
Neu
tron
flux
(cm
-2 p
roto
n-1 p
er le
thar
gy)
Ep=12GeV Cu:1mmt
4°
45°
90°
120°
MCNPX
PHITS
calculated by N. Matsuda
p(12GeV) + Cu -> neutron
neutron
Matsuda (1)
DDX of elementary process, p(12GeV/c) + p , by JAMDDX of elementary process, p(12GeV/c) + p , by JAM
rapidity distribution transverse momentum distributionJAM: Y. Nara et.al. Phys. Rev. C61 (2000) 024901
Data : Nucl. Phys. B69 (1974) 454 JAM (1)
DDX of p(13.7GeV) + Au by JAMDDX of p(13.7GeV) + Au by JAM
JAM: Y. Nara et.al. Phys. Rev. C61 (2000) 024901
Data : E802, Phys. Rev. D45 (1992) 3906 JAM (2)
DPA estimation in PHITS DPA estimation in PHITS
( )
TAAZZZZ
AAAZZAAZZ
g
gTTT
TTT
T
dTTd
ETdTE
tdEEEDPA
c
c
Tdam
damd
d
i
id
dDX
DX
⋅++
=
++
=
+⋅+⋅=
+=
⋅⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛=
⋅⋅=
⋅⋅⋅=
∑∫
∫
)()()2.27(8853.0)(
))(0793.0(40244.04008.3)(
)(1)(
)(2
)(
),()()(
)()(
212/13/2
23/2
121
2
2/12
2/31
4/33/22
3/21
2/321
2/12
3/21
4/36/1
ε
κ
εεεε
εκ
βν
σνσ
φσDPA value :
Displacement cross section :
Number of displacement Atom :
Damage energy :by Lindhard-Robinson model
PKA cross section
threshold energy
Material Td (eV)Be 40C 40Al 25Cr 40Fe 40Ni 40Cu 30Pb 25 DPA (1)
There are two ways to get the displacement cross sections
(1) using evaluated displacement cross sections.local approximation, limited materials (Be,C,Cr,Fe,Ni,Cu,Pb)
(2) calculating PKA cross sections in an event by event.it is possible in PHITS by the event generator mode.
Displacement cross sectionsby NJOY with nuclear databy Cascade model, JAM, Bertini
by neutron
Evaluated data table of
smoothing
M. Harada et.al, J. Nucl. Matrial. 343 (2005) 197 DPA (2)
DPA map of target-moderator-reflector assembly of J-PARC
M. Harada et.al, J. Nucl. Matrial. 343 (2005) 197Harada (1)
Maximum calculated DPA, Allowable DPA and Life
MaximumDPA
AllowableDPA
Assumed lifetime
(Year*)
Target Target Vessel SS316L 3.9 5 >1
Reflector Reflector Vessel A6061-T6 2.8 20 >6
ModeratorCoupled moderator Vessel
A6061-T6 2.8 20 >6
Proton Beamwindow
Downstreamwindow
A5083 0.44 10 >10
Water-cooledshield
Vessel SUS304L 0.16 5 >30
Middle section Vessel SUS304L 0.04 5 >30
* 5000 hour opration is assuemd in 1 year.
(DPA/5000MWhr)MaterialComponent 2Component 1
M. Harada et.al, J. Nucl. Matrial. 343 (2005) 197Harada (2)
ConclusionsConclusions
PHITS has a great ability of carrying out the HEAT and DPA analysisof High Power Target system for almost all particles and heavy ionswith wide energy range.
The depth dose distribution in a bulk materialagrees well between MARS and PHITS.
dE/dx and total integrated collisional processes are OK.
The DDX of secondary particles sometime affects very muchon the HEAT and DPA values at a local position.
The transport of recoil nuclei is very importantfor HEAT and DPA estimation in a small region.
Non-local approximation is necessary for very thin material.
Displacement cross sections (PKA cross sections)should be improved for above 10 MeV.
more comparisons with the data of energy spectrumof residual nuclei are necessary.
Conclusions
User Interfaces of PHITS User Interfaces of PHITS
3D view of the calculation model
User Interfaces (1)
User Interfaces of PHITS User Interfaces of PHITS
2D view and 2D output of the final resultsby color clusters and contour plots with geometry
User Interfaces (2)
User Interfaces of PHITS User Interfaces of PHITS
2D view and 2D output of the final resultsby color clusters and contour plots with geometry
User Interfaces (2)
User Interfaces of PHITS User Interfaces of PHITS
2D view and 2D output of the final resultsby color clusters and contour plots with geometry
User Interfaces (2)
JAM code for Hadron Nucleus Collisions up to 200 GeVJAM code for Hadron Nucleus Collisions up to 200 GeV
Introducing JAM (Jet AA Microscopic Transport Model) Y. Nara et.al. Phys. Rev. C61 (2000) 024901JAM is a Hadronic Cascade Model, which explicitly treats all established hadronic states including resonances with explicit spin and isospin as well as their anti-particles.We have parameterized all Hadron-Hadron Cross Sections, based on Resonance Model and String Model by fitting the available experimental data.
Au + Au 200AGeV
JAM
JAM code for Hadron Nucleus Collisions up to 200 GeVJAM code for Hadron Nucleus Collisions up to 200 GeV
Introducing JAM (Jet AA Microscopic Transport Model) Y. Nara et.al. Phys. Rev. C61 (2000) 024901JAM is a Hadronic Cascade Model, which explicitly treats all established hadronic states including resonances with explicit spin and isospin as well as their anti-particles.We have parameterized all Hadron-Hadron Cross Sections, based on Resonance Model and String Model by fitting the available experimental data.
Au + Au 200AGeV
JAM
JQMD code for Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions up to 100 GeV/uJQMD code for Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions up to 100 GeV/u
JQMD (Jaeri Quantum Molecular Dynamics) for Simulation of Nucleus-Nucleus CollisionsK. Niiita et.al. Phys. Rev. C52 (1995) 2620 http://hadron31.tokai.jaeri.go.jp/jqmd/
56Fe 800 MeV/u on 208PbAnalysis of Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions by JQMD
JQMD-1
JQMD code for Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions up to 100 GeV/uJQMD code for Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions up to 100 GeV/u
JQMD (Jaeri Quantum Molecular Dynamics) for Simulation of Nucleus-Nucleus CollisionsK. Niiita et.al. Phys. Rev. C52 (1995) 2620 http://hadron31.tokai.jaeri.go.jp/jqmd/
56Fe 800 MeV/u on 208PbAnalysis of Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions by JQMD
JQMD-1
JQMD code in PHITSJQMD code in PHITS
Introducing JQMD in PHITS : H. Iwase et.al. J. Nucl. Sci.Technol. 39 (2002) 1142
Neutron Spectra from Thick TargetResults of PHITS
JQMD-2