plotting in matlab . contents 1. introduction 2. 2 차원 그래프 작성 3. 그래프 작성의...

Plotting in MATLAB Plotting in MATLAB http://blog.naver.com/gajest

http://blog.naver.com/gajest

Contents

1. Introduction 1. Introduction

2. 2 차원 그래프 작성 2. 2 차원 그래프 작성

3. 그래프 작성의 관련 함수의 이용 3. 그래프 작성의 관련 함수의 이용

4. Exercises 4. Exercises

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Introduction

MATLAB 를 사용하여 그래프를 작성

POLAR, SEMI-LOG, LOG-LOG 와 같은 다른 형태의 그래프 작성

그래프 작성에 관련된 그밖에 함수 또는 기능을 알아본다 .

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Basic Two-Dimensional Plots

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plot(x,y) : x, y 값은 1 차원 데이터 배열 ( 원소 수 동일 )

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Sin

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x (Radians)

>> x=linspace(0,4*pi,200);>> y=sin(x);>> plot(x,y);>> title('A simple plot using MATLAB')>> ylabel('Sin(x)');>> xlabel('x (Radians)');

>> plot(x, cos(x))


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hold on : 현재의 plot 에 새 plot 추가

>> x=linspace(0,4*pi,200);>> y=sin(x);>> plot(x,y);>> title ('A simple plot using MATLAB')>> ylabel('Sin(x)');>> xlabel('x (Radians)');>> hold on >> plot(x,cos(x))>> z=abs(sin(x));>> plot(x,z);>> zz=sin(x).*sin(x);>> plot(x,zz);

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Sin

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x (Radians)


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>>hold off>>x=linspace(0,4*pi,200);>>y=sin(x);>>plot(x,y,x,cos(x));>>xlabel('x - (Radians)');>>title('Sine and Cosine Functions');

hold off : 기존의 plot 를 지우고 새 plot 를 작성

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x - (Radians)

Sine and Cosine Functions


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>> x=linspace(0,4*pi,200);>> y=sin(x);>> z=abs(sin(x));>> zz=sin(x).*sin(x);>> plot(x,y,x,cos(x),x,z,x,zz);>> xlabel('x - (Radians)');>> title('Various Functions');>>legend('sin(x)', 'cos(x)','abs(sin(x))','sin(x)*sin(x)‘)

선의 색이 다름

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x - (Radians)

Various Functions

sin(x) cos(x) abs(sin(x)) sin(x)*sin(x)


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>> x=linspace(0,4*pi,200)’;>> y=[sin(x), cos(x), abs(sin(x)), sin(x).*sin(x)];>> plot(x,y);>> legend('sin(x)','cos(x)','abs(sin(x))','sin(x)*sin(x)')>> xlabel('x - (Radians)');>> title('Various Trigonometric Functions');

By making x a column array, but same x-coordinate

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x - (Radians)

Various Trigonometric Functions



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>> x1=linspace(0,pi,10)';>> x2=linspace(pi,2*pi,10)';>> x3=linspace(2*pi,3*pi,10)';>> x4=linspace(3*pi,4*pi,10)';>> x=[x1,x2,x3,x4];>> y1=sin(x1);>> y2=cos(x2);>> y3=abs(sin(x3));>> y4=sin(x4).*sin(x4);>> y=[y1,y2,y3,y4];>> plot(x,y)>> legend('sin(x)', 'cos(x)','abs(sin(x))','sin(x)*sin(x)',4)>> xlabel('x - Radians');>> title('Various Trigonometric Function');

Same number of points, but different x- and y- coordinates

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x - Radians

Various Trigonometric Function



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>> x1=linspace(0,2*pi,10);>> x2=linspace(0,2*pi,50);>> x3=linspace(pi,2*pi,100);>> x4=linspace(pi/3,2*pi,150);>> y1=sin(x1);>> y2=cos(x2);>> y3=abs(sin(x3));>> y4=sin(x4).*sin(x4);>> plot(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4);>> legend('sin(x)', 'cos(x)','abs(sin(x))','sin(x)*sin(x)',4)>> xlabel('x - Radians');>> title('Various Trigonometric Function');

Different number of points

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Various Trigonometric Function


Line Styles, Markers, and Colors

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plot (x1 , y1 , s1 , x2 , y2 , s2 , x3 , y3 , s3 …..)

Colorcode

Color

Markercode

Marker Line styleCode

Line style

ymcrgbwk

yellow magenta cyan red green blue white black

.ox+*sdv^<>pH

point circle x-mark plus star square diamond triangle(down) triangle(up) triangle(left) triangle(right) pentagram hexagram

-:-.--

solid dotted dashdot dashed

Line Styles, Markers, and Colors

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>> x1=linspace(0,2*pi,10);>> y1=sin(x1);>> plot(x1,y1,'gs',x2,y2,'kp:',x3,y3,x4,y4,'r--');>> title('Various Trigonometric Function');

3 변수를 모두 지정할 필요는 없음

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Plot Colors

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WHITEBG : Plot 의 배경색을 바꾸는 함수

>> x1=linspace(0,2*pi,10);>> y1=sin(x1);>> plot(x1,y1,'gs',x2,y2,'kp:',x3,y3,x4,y4,'r--');>> xlabel('x-Radians');>> title('Varous Trigonometric Fuctions');>> whitebg('y'); >> whitebg(‘m’)

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x-Radians

Varous Trigonometric Fuctions

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Plotting Grid

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Grid on – 격자 표시Grid off – 격자 제거Grid – 토글

>> x1=linspace(0,2*pi,10);>> y1=sin(x1);…>> plot(x1,y1,'gs',x2,y2,'kp:',x3,y3,x4,y4,'r--');>> legend('sin(x)','cos(x)','abs(sin(x))','sin(x)*sin(x)',3)>> xlabel('x-Radians');>> title('Varous Trigonometric Fuctions');>> grid on

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x - (Radians)


sin(x) cos(x) abs(sin(x)) (sin(x)*sin(x)

The Axis Command

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axis( [Xmin Xmax Ymin Ymax] )

axis auto : MATLAB 이 축의 limits 값을 정함

……………>> plot(x1,y1,'gs',x2,y2,'kp:',x3,y3,x4,y4,'r--');>> grid on>> axis( [ 3 5 0 1 ] )

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Placing Text on a Plot

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text(x , y , ’ str ’)

…

>> plot(x1,y1,'gs',x2,y2,'kp:',x3,y3,x4,y4,'r--');…>> text(0.5 , -0. 25 , ‘LEGEND’)

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LEGEND

sin(x) cos(x) abs(sin(x)) (sin(x)*sin(x))

Placing Text on a Plot

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>> gtext(‘This is a text’);

gtext : 마우스를 이용하여 지정한 위치에 문자 출력

Modifying Text with TEX Commands

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x=linspace(-4,4,200);y=exp(-x.*x);plot(x,y);text(-3,0.7,'\alpha\beta\gamma\omega\zeta\epsilon')text(-3,0.6,'\Gamma\Omega\Sigma\Lambda\Theta')text(-3,0.5,'\Uparrow\downarrow\ldots\rightarrow\approx\equiv\subset')

Modifying Text with TEX Commands

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set : 그래프영역을 줄여 윗 첨자를 쓸 수 있게 한다 .

>> set(gca,'PlotboxAspectRatio',[1,0.7,1])

>> title('Plot of y=x^{3x}+x^2+x^{-100}')

>> xlabel('X_{axis} - x_1+x_2+x_{333}')

>> ylabel('Y_{axis} - A Plot of an Equation')

Obtaining Numerical Values form Plot

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GINPUT: 그래프에서 수치 값을 얻는 함수

figure(1)msg1=sprintf('Place the cursor at the location of a point you wish to');msg1=[msg1,sprintf('see the numerical values and then press')];msg1=[msg1,sprintf('the LEFT mouse button.')];h=msgbox(msg1); waitfor(h) [x1,y1]=ginput(1);msg2=sprintf('Place the cursor at the location of where you would');.msg2=[msg2,sprintf('like to display the values on the plot and then')];msg2=[msg2,sprintf('press the LEFT mouse button.')]; h=msgbox(msg2);waitfor(h)[x2,y2]=ginput(1);str=sprintf('x=%5.3f,y=%5.3f',x1,y1);line([x1,x2],[y1,y2]); text(x2,y2,str); .

h=msgbox(msg1); % 작은 메시지 박스를 열고 , msg1 값을 표시하고 , 핸들 값 h 를 반환waitfor(h) % 기다리면서 , OK 버튼을 누르면 메시지 박스가 지워지며 실행을 계속[x1,y1]=ginput(1); % 현재 그림에 격자를 그리며 , 마우스 버튼 클릭을 기다림

Obtaining Numerical Values form Plot

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Various MATLAB 2-D Plot Types

SEMILOGX

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SEMILOGX : x 축은 로그 스케일로 사용하고 , y 축은 선형 축을 사용하여 그래프 출력

>> omega=logspace(1,4,200);>> mag=20*log10(abs(1000./(i*omega+1000)));>> semilogx(omega,mag);>> axis([10,10000,-20 5]);>> grid on;>> Ylabel(‘Gain(dB)’);>> Xlabel(‘Frequency(rad/sec)’);>> Title(‘Bode Magnitude plot of Vo/Vin’);


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SEMILOGY : x 축은 선형 축을 사용하고 , y 축은 로그스케일을 사용하여 그래프 출력

>> x=linspace(0,100,200);>> y=5 .*10 .^(3 .*x);>> k=log10(y);>> plot(x,k)>> ylabel(‘Log10(y)’);>> xlabel(‘x’)


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x=linspace(0,100,200);y=5.*10.^(3.*x);semilogy(x,y)ylabel('y');xlabel('x');


LOGLOG

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LOGLOG : 로그 축을 사용하여 그래프 출력>> x=linspace(0,1,200);>> y=5 .*10 .^(3 .*x);>> plot(x,y)>> ylabel('y');>> xlabel('x');

>> x=linspace(0,1,200);>> y=5 .*10 .^(3 .*x);>> semilogy(x,y)>> ylabel('y');>> xlabel('x');


LOGLOG

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>> x=linspace(0.001,100,1000);>> y=5.*10.^(3.*x);>> plot(x,y)>> ylabel('y');>> xlabel('x');

>> x=logspace(-3,2,1000);>> y=5 .*10 .^(3 .*x);>> loglog(x,y)>> ylabel('y');>> xlabel('x');


POLAR

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polar : 극좌표 축을 사용하여 그래프 출력

theta=linspace(1,20*pi,1000);r=5*log10(theta);polar(theta,r)

>> theta=linspace(0,8*pi,200);>> r=2*theta;>> polar(theta,r)


COMET

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COMET : 그래프 그리는 과정을 애니메이션으로 보여 준다 .

theta=linspace(1,20*pi,1000);r=5*log10(theta);x=r.*cos(theta);y=r.*sin(theta);comet(x,y);title('Logarithmic Spiral');


SUBPLOT

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subplot(2,3,1)theta=linspace(1,20*pi,1000);r=5*log10(theta);polar(theta,r)title('Logarithmic Spiral');

subplot(2,3,2)theta=linspace(0,8*pi,200);r=2*theta;polar(theta,r)title('LInear Spiral')

SUBPLOT : 하나의 그림 창에 여러 개의 그래프 출력을 얻고자 할 때


Working with Multiple Figures

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figure : 새로운 그림 창을 만든다 .clf : 그림 창에 나타나 있는 그래프 제거

EDU>> f1=figuref1 = 1

EDU>> f2=figuref2 = 2

EDU>> f3=figure(25)f3 = 25



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>> subplot(2,1,1)>> omega=logspace(0,5,200);>> mag=20*log10(abs(1000 ./(i*omega+1000)));>> semilogx(omega,mag);>> axis([10, 10000 , -20 , 5]);>> grid on;>> ylabel('Gain(dB)');>> xlabel('Frequency (rad/sec)');>> title('Bode Magnitude plot of Vo/Vin');>> subplot(2,1,2);>> rad_to_deg=360/(2*pi);>> phase = rad_to_deg*angle(1000./(i*omega+1000));>> semilogx(omega,phase);>> grid on;>> ylabel('Angle (Degrees)');>> xlabel('Frequency (rad/sec)');>> title('Bode Phase plot of Vo/Vin');



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>> figure(f1)>> theta=linspace(1,20*pi,1000);>> r=5*log10(theta);>> polar(theta,r)

>> figure(f2)>> x=linspace(0,100,200);>> y=5 .*10 .^(3 .*x);>> semilogy(x,y)>> ylabel('y')>> xlabel('x')

Handle Graphics for Manipulating Plot

Obtaining a Handle for an ObjectHandles from Plot Commands

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omega=logspace(1,4,200);mag=20*log10(abs(1000./(i*omega+1000)));hp=semilogx(omega,mag)hp = 74.0074

axis([10,10000,-20 5]);grid on;


Obtaining a Handle for an ObjectText object

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>> hy=ylabel('Y-Axis-')hy = 20.007>> hx=xlabel('Time(Seconds)')hx = 21.007>> ht=title('Various Trigonometric Functions')ht = 22.007>> htext=text(4,0.8,'This is a test.')htext = 23.007

Axes Handle (GCA) : active 상태의 figure 안에 있는 axes 의 해당 han-dles 를 반환

>> h_axes = gca ;


Modifying an Object with the SET Command

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SET : 객체 (Object) 의 속성을 변화시킬 수 있는 함수 text 의 글꼴 , 크기 , 폭 , 색상 , 각도 등을 바꾼다

>> set(ht) Color EraseMode: [ { normal} | background | xor |none ] Editing : [ on | off ] FontAngle : [ { normal } | italic | oblique ] FontName FontSize …. ButtonDownFcn Children Clipping: [ {on} | off ] … Tag UserData Visible : [ {on} | off ]


Modifying an Object with the SET CommandModifying Text object

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>> set( ht , ‘FontName’, ‘Courier New’);>> set( ht, ‘FontSize’, 24 )>> set( ht,’Rotation’, 90, ‘FontWeight’, ‘bold’)


Modifying an Object with the SET CommandModifying Text object

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set(ht,'Rotation',0,'Fontsize',18,'color','c')set(hy,'Fontname','Arial','Fontsize',18,'color','r')set(hx,'Fontname','Arial','Fontsize',18,'color','g')set(htext,'Fontname','Arial','Fontsize',18,'color','m')set(h_axes,'Fontname','Arial','Fontsize',14,'color','y')set(h_axes,'Ycolor','r','Xcolor','g')


Changing the Default Properties of Figures

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set(0,'defaultlinelinewidth',2); set(0,'defaultaxesfontname','Arial'); set(0,'defaultaxesfontsize',14); set(0,'defaultaxeslinewidth',2); set(0,'defaulttaxtfontsize',14); set(0,'defaulttaxtfontname','Arial');


Modifying Fonts with UISETFONT

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>> uisetfont(hy,'specify the font y-axis.')


Modifying Fonts with UISETCOLOR

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>> uisetcolor(hy,’Specify the font color for y-axis.’)

plotting in matlab . contents 1. introduction 2. 2 차원 그래프 작성 3. 그래프 작성의...

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