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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) 21 pairs of cranial nerves 31 pairs of spinal nerves Innervates (신경을 분포시키다) upper body and head Innervates entire bodyTRANSCRIPT
PrayerAttendance Homework
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
PNS
21 pairs of cranial nerves 31 pairs of spinal nerves
Innervates ( 신경을 분포시키다 ) upper body and head
Innervates entire body
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
PNS
Motor Division (efferent)
From CNS to Effectors
Sensory Division (afferent)
From Sensory Receptors to CNS
Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic Division Parasympathetic Division
Questions 9
Motor Division (SNS)
• The somatic nervous system (SNS) moves muscles when there is external stimuli.
• Somatic pathways:– Most are under voluntary control ( 자발적 통제 ) – Some are involuntary ( 무의식적 ) monosynaptic
or polysynaptic reflexes. • Very simple somatic pathway:– Has one sensory neuron and one motor neuron
Monosynaptic Reflexes
• Has only 1 synapse between the sensory neuron and the motor neuron.
• The pathway, or reflex arc, travels from the sensory receptor to the sensory neuron, which synapses directly with the motor neuron in the spinal cord.
• The reflex arc is involuntary and occurs in the spinal cord.
• Example: Reflex Arc for Knee-Jerk
1. The tendon covering the patella (knee) is hit.
2. Stretch receptors fire.3. An action potential is sent
along the sensory neuron and into the spinal cord.
4. The sensory neuron synapses with a motor neuron in the spinal cord.
5. This simulates the quadriceps muscle to contract.
6. The knee jerks forward.
Example: Reflex Arc for Knee-Jerk
• The sensory neurons synapse with one or more interneurons.
• The withdrawal reflex is an example of a postsynaptic reflex.– When a person steps on a nail, the injured leg
withdraws in pain, while the opposite leg extends to offer support.
Polysynaptic Reflexes
Questions 10
Motor Division (ANS) • The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates the internal
environment using involuntary actions and processes. • ANS motor neurons innervate:
• Most ANS pathways have 2 motor neurons.• One motor neuron has its cell body within the CNS, then
synapses outside the CNS with another motor neuron, which innervates the effector.
• Two divisions: sympathetic and parasympathetic
Heart Smooth muscle in blood vessels
Digestive tract
Endocrine system
Excretory system
Respiratory system
Reproductive system
Sympathetic Division • Responsible for fight or flight responses
• Sympathetic neurons start in the thoracic and lumbar parts of the spinal cord.
• The presynaptic axon is short• The postsynaptic axon is long.• The presynaptic membrane secretes acetylcholine• The postsynaptic membrane (effector) secretes
norepinephrine (adrenaline).
Increased heart rate
vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin
Inhibition of digestion
vasodilation of blood vessels in skeletal muscle
Dilation of pupils학생들 의 팽창 piloerection경직
The Parasympathetic Division • Innervates actions that conserve energy and restore the body
to normal activity following exertion (rest and digest) • Parasympathetic neurons stimulate:
• Vagus nerve is one of the most important parasympathetic nerves.
• Parasympathetic neurons start in the cranial and sacral parts of the spinal cord.
• The presynaptic axon is long • The postsynaptic axon is short.• The neurotransmitter secreted in both the presynaptic
synapse and the postsynaptic synapse is acetylcholine.
Decrease in heart rate.
Increase in digestive action.
Vasodilation of blood vessels in the skin
Questions 11