recording techniques in method study

GANDHINAGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Industrial Engineering (2161907)

Active Learning Assignment

On

Recording Techniques in Method Study

Branch : Mechanical Engineering

Batch : 6 C-3

Prepared by: Guided By:

Suthar Chandresh (140120119229) Prof. Himanshu Barot

CONTENT

Introduction to Method Study

Recording techniques

Process Symbols

Different recording techniques

Charts

Diagrams

Motion Study

METHOD STUDY

• It is systematic investigation of existing method of doing job and from that the

aim is to develop and install an easy and efficient procedure for doing the same

job.

RECORDING TECHNIQUES

• For method analysis, certain tools and techniques are used to record the

activities.There are many techniques used to record the activities.

Indicates the main steps in a process, method or procedure.Usually the part, material or product concerned is modified or

changed during the operation.

2.Inspection Indicates an inspection for quality and / or check for quantity

1.Operation

3.Transport Indicates the movement of workers, materials or equipment from place

to place

PROCESS CHART SYMBOLS

4.Temporary Storage or Delay

Indicates a delay in the sequence of events : for example, work waiting between consecutive operations, or any object laid aside temporarily

without record until required.

5.Permanent Storage

Indicates a controlled storage in which material is received into or issued from a store under some form of authorization; or an item is retained for reference purposes.

6.Combined Activities

Indicates a controlled storage in which material is received into or issued from a store under some form of authorization; or an item is retained for reference purposes.

RECORDING TECHNIQUES

CHARTS

FLOW PROCESS CHART

TWO HANDED PROCESSCHART

MULTIPLE ACTIVITY CHART

TRAVEL CHART

OPERATION PROCESS CHART

MOTON STUDY

MICRO AND MACRO STUDY

FILM ANALYSIS

SIMO CHART

THERBLING

DIAGRAMS

FLOW DIAGRAM

STRING DIAGRAM

CYCLE GRAPH AND CHRONO CYCLE

GRAPH

OUTLINE PROCESS CHART

Definition:

An outline process chart is a process chart giving an overall picture by recording in sequence only the main operations and inspections.

•While preparing the outline process chart we use Symbols of Operation and Inspection

•A brief note of the nature of each operation is made beside the symbol

•In an outline process chart, only the principal operations and the inspections carried out are recorded to ensure effectiveness

FLOW PROCESS CHARTS

Definition:

Flow process charts are graphic representations of the sequences of operations,

transportation, inspections, delays and storages occurring during a process or a

procedure and include information considered for analysis such as, time required

and distance moved.

To develop an understanding how a process or work happening and clearly

documenting how a particular job is done, in addition of that mapping a process

in flow chart format helps us where the process can be improved.

TYPES OF FLOW PROCESS CHARTS

• Material or product type.

• Man type.

• Machine type or equipment.

Material or product type flow process chart:-

• Records what happens to the material or product i.e. the changes the material or product

undergoes in location or condition (includes operation and transportation).

Man type process flow process chart:-

• Records the activities of worker or operator i.e. what a worker or operator does. In this type

of chart usually storage term is not applicable.

CONTINUE ….

• Machine or equipment type flow process charts:- Records the manner in

which a machine or an equipment is used.

TWO HAND PROCESS CHART

• Two-Handed Flow Process Chart, is a motion study where the study is done to

analyse the motions used by the worker in performing an activity.

• In this chart the activities of a worker’s hands (or limbs) are recorded in their

relationship to one another.

• A Two-Handed Process Flow Chart individually shows the movement of each

hand in a manual process. It is typically used for repetitive operation when

analyzing a manual assembly process, to help make it easier to perform.


• Definition : A Multiple activity chart is a form of process chart recording the

related sequence of work of a number of operators and/or machines on common

time scale. In it, the activities of more than one item, worker, machine or

equipment are recorded on a common time scale to show their inter relation ship.

• Multiple Activity Charts are very useful tool for understanding the flow of work

in a cyclic process and as a consequence understanding which resource is

controlling the overall progress of the work.

The tool can be used to model different scenarios to determine the optimum mix of

resources for the work.


• A Chart in which the activities of more than one item are recorded on a common

time scale to show their inter-relationship. Man machine chart is the type of

multiple activity charts.

• TYPES:

Man - Machine chart: One man handling one job or one machine.

Man - Multi machine chart: One man handling a numbers of machines.

Machine Multi - man chart: A group or gang doing collectively one job as in

riveting.

Multi – Man - Machine chart: A number of persons working on a computer

system.

TRAVEL CHART

String diagram is good to explain movements and critical examination

but

o it takes longer time to get constructed and

o many movement along complex paths may lead to a diagram

with maze of crisscrossing line.

Therefore, when movements are very complex travel chart is quick and

more effectively manageable recording technique.

MICRO MOTION STUDY

• Micro motion study is the study of fundamental element or subdivision of an

operation by means of a motion picture camera and a timing device which

accurately indicates the time interval on motion picture film.

• Micro motion study provides a valuable technique for making minute analysis of

those operation that are short in cycle contain rapid movement and involve high

production over a long period of time. For example. Sewing of garment,

assembly of small parts.

USE OF FILMS IN MICRO MOTION STUDY

• Main advantages of films over visual methods are:

• Permit greater detailing than eye observation;

• Provide greater accuracy than pencil, paper and stop watch;

• More convenient;

• Provide a positive record;

• Help in the development of the work study person.

DIAGRAM

• Diagrams gives pictorial view of the layout of workplace on which locations ofdifferent equipment, machines etc. are indicated.

• The movement of subject(man or machine) is then indicated on the diagram by aline or a string.

• The diagram are valuable in highlighting the movement so the analyst can takesteps to simplify or reduce it so as to obtain saving in time.

• The most commonly used method study diagrams are:

• Flow diagram

• String diagram

• Travel chart

• Cycle graph and Chrono cycle graph

CYCLEGRAPH

• A record of path of movements, usually traced by a continuous source of a

light on a photograph.

• The path of movement of a hand, may be recorded on a photograph by

putting a ring carrying small light on worker’s hand.

• A path of light resembling a white wire is seen.

• Later it is used with a stereoscopic camera to show the path in three

dimensions .

CHRONO CYCLE GRAPH

• This is a development of the cycle graph by interrupting the flow of current soas to obtain, in the resulting sequence of flashes, a record of the time anddirection of the motions under observation. The resulting image was achronocyclograph.

• The path of light appears as a series of pear-shaped dots, the movement beingin the direction in which the dots point.

• The spacing between the dots indicate the speed of movement and showacceleration and deceleration.

• This is done by using a turning fork, which is vibrating at a known speed, andconnected with a “make and break” contact.

STRING DIAGRAM

• A scale plan or model on which a thread is used to trace and measure the

path of workers, material or equipment.

• A thread is used to measure distance.

• Necessary that the string diagram be drawn correctly to scale, whereas regular

flow diagram can be drawn only approximately to scale.

• Thus, string diagram and flow chart can give clearest possible picture of what

is actually being done.

• String diagram can be used to plot movements of material to know how far

the materials travel.

• Most commonly, the string diagram is used for plotting the movements of

workers.

FLOW DIAGRAM

• It’s a top view of the work area correctly indicating the positions of machining

and other locations affecting the movement of subject.

• Therefor it gives “on-the-spot observation” of the paths of movement of product

sometimes using symbols of process charts.