rurik dynasty eg

8/9/2019 Rurik Dynasty Eg

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DYNASTY OF RURIK

AND THE RISE OF

LIAPUNIV LIAPIS FAMILY

AHNA 2010


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With lots of love dedicatedmy parents to EL_linesto Natalia, Olga, Onder and to my colleagues

By PriceLIAPIS Panagiotis

Author LIAPIS Panagiotis

Title CLASSIFICATION MINERAL SECURITIES Electromagnetic STORMS, ELF, Elves &MARBLE OF GREECE, SECRET PLACE OF POWERAddr K. Varnali 12 15121 Pine AthensTel 210-6149149Mob. 6937097443E-mail [email protected] 210.8065618 6937097443


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A few words from the author

Friends in this textbook, and knowledge, which keep the dusty Greek manuscripts of Plato,

Aristotle and other ancient fotodoton through masterfully blended events of economy, religion,

Greek history and mythology, the confirmations of Medicine and the multidimensional social

structures you presenting with episodic manner cycles of 50 years revolutionizing the

mainstream polity, destroying and recreating periodically society when the exploitation of land

and resources from one human to reach its boiling point that affects the nature itself. We also

indicate economic behavior with which it is possible to spend almost painlessly through this

economic tidal wave, get ready my friends for the collapse of the dollar and mi dip without any

safety net, stories bottomless reality a series of error events on the constellations, and

possible manipulation of cosmogony, incidents involving the Nazis and the possible bases inspace, President Obama, and the new doctrine Panthriskeias launched in conjunction with

the worship of infernal beings are a new mirror through which can be seen The mainstream of

the current boom in the MIND CONTROL, the chip EMV of Bill Gates on banking credit cards,

the emerging banking system in relation to economic crashes of America, SIONISMOS and

the New World Order of the 4th Reich, and PEOPLE CLONES - Men in Black, and the CIA in

connection with the anti-government slogans and reactive walls define a new reality, which

leads to control police forces in the use of hidden centuries Sound Guns of the ancient

Greeks, developed by the Greek National Nuclear epistimoina C. Gkiolva. The creations of

the Plan "Arrow" (sound rule) and the sound "Artemis", as are internet sources are presented

in detail below in relation to biological warfare aircraft from the US-spray from chemical and

microbial air over cities. By Bantouva model [the Cretan intrepidity under the instructions of

Mahatma Gandhi, is trying to minimize the harmful effects of these anti-constitutional activities

are using Genetics Industry, widespread fires, building new towns in the concentration camps

of the Reich D, applied geo-strategic plan application of a new war in the Balkans because of

Kosovo, where the project "Blue Ray" at the upcoming mayhem at the end of 01/2010 will

chrisimopoiithoun new weapons bass Police with physical effects of radiation on the human

organism KARKINOUS The whole controversy will graduate and domination of Russia and

Greece in the Balkans and the economic and cultural status while reducing the roles and FRA

Germany, and China rising

By Price

LIAPIS Panagiotis


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1. SIGNIFICANT MARKINGS TO reader

1. This project is a bottomless MYTHISTORIMA Reality2. Clarifies Developed Fiction

3. Any resemblance to actual persons, locations and events are imaginary, purely

accidental, not existing in the present reality and past it.

4. Copyrights on works protected by the current constitution, laws and jurisprudence

5. Prohibited the reproduction and distribution of all or part of the document without

the prior written permission of the author and an award identifying figures and in

words of the author's remuneration, rights and remuneration of the Greek state, the

duration of the contract and the parties.

6. The document bears a registered trademark

7. The project is only available for private use, prohibited the reading public all or part

of it.

8. The work donate to the library of the Greek state request and complied with the

legislation providing for the process.9. For Greek citizens: To book not sold through bookstores and other retail outlets.

KNOWLEDGE donors.

10. The book takes seeker typing costs and expenses of this mission.

11. The Writer LIAPIS Panagiotis receive no remuneration (money) for placing the

Project

12. The book has no subversive of the system concept, but instead Net conglomerate

of all the Greeks of Planet Earth, 120,000,000 Greeks to create well-governed society

as defined by the democratic, elected Parliamentary Antiptosopous People (primary

form of power)

13. The GREECE Fri all the problems exist because of the scandalous EVNNOIA OF

MARY. The Greeks GYIOS DEFKALIONOS OF, THE LIGHT, AS NO ONE GREEK

even no hope, no justice. Amen


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Excerpts from "Tales of past years' Russian Primary Chronicle Invitation to the Rus'860-862 (6368-6370) [The four tribes were forced to pay tribute to Varangians - Chuds, Slavs,Merians, and Krivichians], drove the Varangians back across the sea, refused to pay furthertribute, and out to the government. " But there was no law among them, and tribe rose againsttribe. Discord thus followed one another, and began to war one against another. They said to

themselves, "Let us seek a prince who can rule over us and judge us according to custom [ponravu]". So they went abroad to Varangians, in Rus. These particular Varangians known asRus', as some are called Swedes and others Normans and angles, and even otherGotlanders, because they were named. The Chuds, the Slavs, Krivichians Ves and then toldthe Rus, "Our land is big and rich but there is no order. Come reign as princes, rule over us."Three brothers, with their kinfolk, were selected. They brought with them all the Rus' andimmigration. The oldest, Rurik, located himself in Novgorod? The second, Sineus, aBeloozero? And third, Truvor, a Izborsk. Of these Varangians, the Russian land was named[Russkaia zemlia prozvalas ]. Thus, those living in Novgorod is originating from theVarangian race, but earlier were Slavs. Within two years, Sineus and his brother Truvor died.Rurik obtained the exclusive power in his hands, parceling cities in their own men in aPolotsk, Rostov to another, and another Beloozero. Varangians cities are colonists, but thefirst settlers in the Novgorod Slavs were in Polotsk, Krivichians In Beloozero, Ves in Rostov,

Merians And Murom, Muromians. The Rurik had power all these folk. Two of the men Rurik[Askold and Dir], who was not race, but the Warriors [boyare], asked permission to go toTsar'grad [Istanbul] in the race. In this way, sailed the Dnepr, and during their journey theysaw a small city on a hill. They asked, 'Whose is this town? "The people replied," There werethree brothers, Kii, Shchek and Khoriv, who built the burg, but have since died. We who aretheir descendants stand here and pay tribute to the Khazars [ID] ". Askold driver andremained in this city, and after gathering together many Varangians, they established theirrule over the country Polianians. The Rurik ruled in Novgorod.Missions of Kiril [Cyril or sometimes Konstantin] and Mefodii [Methodius][...] Slavs were a people completely [Edin narod slavianskii], Including those Slovenes[slaviane] who settled along the Danube where they were excluded from Magyars [Ugry orHungarians (ID)], and including Moravians [moravy] And Czechs [chekhi] And also, includingpoliaki poliane and is today [14th century] called Rus'. For them, it's about the Moravians, the

original script [bukvy] Created and designated the Slavic script. The script was adopted by theRussians and Bulgarians from the Danube.These Slovenes had some time baptized Christians when their rulers Rastislav [ID],Sviatopolk and Kotsel sent [messengers] the Byzantine emperor [Tsar] Michael with thefollowing message. 'Ours is a land baptized, but no teacher who can guide and teach us notto interpret the holy books. We did not even know Greek or Latin. A person who teaches usone thing and another something else. The result is that we do not know how to write orinterpret the written word. Please send us teachers who can tell us to write books and theirimportance. "Hearing this, the emperor Michael assembled all the philosophers [scientists]and the always have Slavic princes said. [Philosophers recommended two talented scientistswho knew the Slavic languages, Mefodii and Constantine.] When the two brothers arrived [incountries Rastislav, Sviatopolk Kotel and in the year 863], who grappled with the task ofdevising a Slavic alphabet and translating the Acts of the Apostles and the Bible. And theSlavs were happy to hear the majesty of God in their own language. [...] Some peoplecondemned the Slavic books, arguing that it was not right for every nation has its ownalphabet, except Jews, Greeks and Latins. Pilat wrote the tag placed at the cross of Christonly in those languages. Pope in Rome, got word of this complaint and criticized those whocriticized the Slavonic books. [But as competition intensified between Western and EasternChristianity, the Pope turned against the use of vernacular languages Orthodox [EG] themass and sacred texts.]The first attack on Constantinople Varangian863-866 (6371-6374) Askold and Dir deployed armed forces against the Greeks, it appearedthat the fourteenth year of the reign of the [Byzantine] Emperor Michael. The Tsar [theEmperor Michael] was then led a campaign against agarians [Islamic Arab Saracens easternborders] and reached the Black River. The governor [high church official] sent word czarMichael that the Rus' were close Tsar'grad [Constantinople]. The Tsar came back [from theserious commitment by Arab power and returned to defend the capital]. Upon arriving insidethe [Bosporus] strait, the Rus' killed many Christians, and laid siege to Tsar'grad two hundred


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ships. The tsar he got back in town with great difficulty and prayed all night with the PatriarchPhotios [ID] Church of Our Lady in Blachemae. Who sang hymns and carried the sacredvestments of the Virgin and dipped hem of the sea. The weather was still and the sea wascalm, but wind storm arose suddenly. Big waves spread rapidly vessels pagan Rus'. Thestorm threw them from the shore and broke up. Few escaped this disaster to return home.Attack Kievan Prince Oleg for Istanbul

904-907 (6412-6415) [911se02: Effective date of the Treaty] Oleg attacked the Greeks.leaving [his son, the crown prince of the noble] Igor in Kiev. He took with him a numberVarangians, Slavs, Chuds, Krivichians, Merians, Derevlians, Radimichians, Polianians,Severians, Viatichians, Croats, Dulebians, and Tivertsians, who is known as Tolmachians.The Greeks label all these folk collectively as "Great Scythia" [ID]. In all, Oleg attacked onhorseback and on ships, and the number of vessels was two thousand. He arrived beforeTsar'grad [Istanbul], but the Greeks shut the strait and fortified city. Oleg landed on the coastand began to fight. The war on the outskirts of the city and killed many Greeks. Alsodestroyed many palaces and churches were burned. Detainees who were arrested, some ofwhich headed, some are tortured, shot others, and others yet to throw into the sea. TheRussians have caused more suffering by the Greeks after the usual manner of enemies. Olegordered the warriors to make the wheels and join the ship on wheels. When a favorable windrose, which spread sail and brought down the city by land. The Greeks were not afraid to

show it and sent an embassy Oleg saying, "To destroy the city, and we pay tribute to whatyou want. Oleg ordered his troops to stop. The Greeks were then brought food and wine init, but would not accept it because it was poisoned. The Greeks are afraid, and said: "This isnot Oleg, but St. Demetrius, whom God sent to us". Oleg asked to pay tribute to two thousandships at the rate of twelve grivnas per person, with forty men in a boat. The Greeks agree withthese terms and sued for peace, to keep Oleg the conquest of the land of the Greeks. retiringa short distance from the capital, Oleg began to negotiate for peace with the Greek emperors[Emperors] Leo and Alexander. Oleg sent to the capital to Karl, Farlaf, Vermud, Rulav andStemid with demand, "Pay me tribute." Greeks replied "What we want to pay;" Oleg asked toprovide forces by noon grivnas paddle two thousand ships. We should also pay tribute to theRussian cities, first and foremost in Kiev, then to Chernigov, Pereiaslavl, Polotsk, Rostov,Liubech, and other cities. These were the cities of Grand Princes [velikie kniaz'ia] are subjectto Oleg [under the system of Kievan mestnichestvo (ID)]. When the Russians come here

provides support as many delegates as they wish. When traders come here, granting sixmonths of supplies of grain, wine, meat, fish and fruit. baths should be prepared for themwhenever needed. When the Russians are allowed to return home, they receive food czar,your anchors, ropes and sails, and everything else they need. "Greeks accepted theseobligations. The [Byzantine] emperors and all [their] boyars said," If the Russians are cominghere another reason the trade, which does not receive commissions. In fact, the Russianprince will instruct a personal decision that the Russians who come here should not commitviolent acts in the cities or on our territory. Russians who come here will stay in theneighborhood of the church of Saint Mamas. Only when our government has sent agents toregister their names will receive a monthly Russian supplies to both those coming from Kiev,then those from Chernigov Pereiaslavl and then from the other cities. Should be allowed toenter the city through one gate. Should be accompanied by the Czar of the [Byzantineemperor] men, and will be unarmed and in groups of fifty at a time. Can participate in what

they wish to trade pay no tax.[MAP]So emperors Leo and Alexander made peace with Oleg. Following agreement at the tribute,bound by mutual vows. The Tsars kissed the cross, and Oleg and his men took oaths inaccordance with Russian law, sworn to their guns and their God Perun [ID], and from Volos,god of cattle. Thus, the peace treaty confirmed. Oleg then said, "Fashion silk cloths for Rus,and sails for the flax Slav. And it was! The Russians shields hung from the gates as a sign ofvictory and left Tsar'grad. The Russians spread silk sails. The sails spread of the Slavs linen,but the wind tore them. Then, the Slavs said, "I just stay with our sails; linen cloths not forSlavs." Oleg So he returned to Kiev, bearing gold, white goods, fruit and wine, along with anykind of adornment. The people invited Oleg a "prophet", but they were idolaters andunenlightened.The Oleg and lived as a prince in Kiev, the maintenance of peace in all lands. An autumn

Oleg remember the horse that was some time back ever decided not to ride again. Heordered that the horse put to pasture forever. This happened because Oleg opinion wizards


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[volkhi] And fortune-tellers [kudesniki], asking them to tell him "What would cause my death."One of the fortune-tellers said, "Prince! Favorite your horse, what you ride, you will kill you."These words sank into the soul of Oleg, and said, "I will never again sit on the horse. You willnever see again after this." And ordered that the horse put to pasture and never again becharged for it. Several years have passed, we see her favorite horse, not even as it foughtagainst the Greeks. Four years have passed since he returned to Kiev and then in the fifth

year the horse Oleg remember that wizards had predicted would cause his death. Stable andinvited senior teacher. "Where is the horse I gave a mandate to put to pasture and protect?"The stable master replied, "died. Oleg laughed and blamed the medium, saying, "themagicians do not tell the truth. Everything was a lie . The horse died, and I live in ". Heordered that the [current] horse to be saddled for him. 'I want to see the bones of horses. Andthat led to this place where the bare bones and fleshless skull lay. The subtracted from thetrack and laughed. "It was the skull that is supposed to kill me?" He stood from the skull of aleg. A snake slithered from the skull and bit him in the leg. Soon he fell ill and died. Everyonewas crying big tears for him. Transported over the mountain called Shchekovits and wasburied there.

Kievan Princess Olga gets revenge945 (6453): [When Derevlians killed Kievan Prince Igor, his wife Princess Olga held to the

position of her son, the young heir to Sviatoslav.] The Derevlians said: "We killed the Rus'Prince. Take his wife Olga is married to Prince Mal, and we then take control of Sviatoslavand shape to our ends. " With this plan will be sent their best men, twenty in number, to Olgaboat [.. .]. Olga was informed that Derevlians had arrived, and invited them to its presencewith a gracious reception. When Derevlians announced until arrival, Olga replied with aninquiry into the reason for their arrival. The Derevlians then announced that the tribe had sentto say they had killed her husband because he was like a wolf, crafty and rapacity. However,they continued, princes they had protected their land Dereva well. Olga should come andmarry their Prince Mal. [...] Olga made this reply, "Your proposal is good for me. In fact, myhusband can not rise again from the dead. But I wish to celebrate tomorrow, in the presenceof my people. Back now in your boat and stay there. Put on a show of great pride. When Isend for you tomorrow, I would not have to ride horses or go on foot. They insist that thepeople I get to my boat. [... After Derevlians left, Olga ordered a deep ditch digging in the

lobby which is scheduled to take the Derevlians. The next morning, Olga instructions, theDerevlians insisted that their boat be made of what the get sent.] The people of Kiev, thencomplained, "Our job is done. Prince We killed the princess and our plans to marry the prince."So that made the Derevlians their yachts. The latter sat on the cross benches in great robes,puffed with pride. So they had brought to the court before Olga. Once inside, the men threwDerevlians and the boat in the moat. Olga leaned over and asked whether they found thisvalue for the taste. replied that it would be worse than the death of Igor. Then he ordered itshould be buried alive, and so it was. [In what follows, it can be concluded that Derevlians toolate to get the message. But it is likely that what follows is an alternative way of telling thestory once more, but different conclusion. Can chroniclers could not only solve the story wasgood, so they told them both. The second story states that when Olga Derevlians required toappear before them, insisted that they choose the most distinguished men to come to,otherwise, he said, people will not let go. And the most distinguished Derevlians sent their

men.] Where arrived Derevlians Olga ordered that a bathroom will be ready, and invited themto appear before it, after they had bathed. The bathhouse was then heated, and Derevliansbegan to swim. Men of Olga closed up the bathhouse behind them, and gave orders to set onfire by the doors so that all Derevlians burned to death.[Olga quickly provided to Derevlian lands with the alleged aim of mourning the death of herhusband. When he arrived, the Derevlians expressed curiosity about what happened with thedelegation of the most distinguished men. I told them not to worry. The distinguished menfollowed some distance behind. Meanwhile, it called for a big celebration. Olga and theconvoy pushed large quantities of drink to gullible Derevlians. Then ordered sequence of themassacre of drunken revelers. Died 5000.]946 (6454): [The following year, Olga went against Derevlians with a large army. It has verysmall son Sviatoslav led to the head. Sviatostlav cast the first spear. But he was a child, andthe spear struck his horse in the ear and feet. A brave but inauspicious start for the future

warrior [ID]. The siege wore for a time, so Olga pretended to sue for peace, asking as atribute only to pigeons and doves in each house. These she quickly fitted with flammable


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materials to ignite, and to loose to return to each of the homes from which they had come.The Derevlian fortress town burned to the ground.]987 (6495): Vladimir summoned together his vassals and the elders of the city, and said:"Behold, the [Volga] Bolgars came before me asking me to accept their religion [ID]. Thencame the Germans [ID] and praised their own faith [Catholicism]; and after them came theJews [the rabbis probably fell khaganate chazarikis (ID)]. Finally, the [Eastern Orthodox]

Greeks appeared, criticizing all other faiths but commending their own and spoke at length,telling the story of the world, from the beginning. Their words were artful, and it was wonderfulto hear and nice to hear them. preach the existence of another world. "Whoever adopts ourreligion and then dies will arise and live forever. But anyone who embraces another faith,must be consumed with fire in the next world. What is your opinion on this matter, and thatanswer? "The vassals and the elders replied:" You know, O Prince, that no man condemnshis possessions, but instead of praise. If you want to make certain you have staff available toyou. Send them to inquire about the ritual of each and how they worship God. "Lawyer of thewelcomed the prince and all the people in order to choose good and wise to the number often, and directed to go first among Bolgars and inspect their faith. The delegates went theirway, and when they reached their destination, he saw the shameful actions of Bolgars andworship in the mosque; then returned to their country. Vladimir then instructed to go the sameamong the Germans, and examine their faith, and finally visit the Greeks. They thus went into

Germany, and after viewing the German ceremonial, they proceeded to Constantinople,where he appeared before the emperor. He inquired about what the mission had arrived, andreported to him everything that had happened. When the emperor heard these words, whichare celebrated, and made a great honor for the day.In operation tomorrow, the [Byzantine] emperor sent a message to the patriarch to inform himthat the Russian delegation had arrived to examine the Greek faith, and directed to preparethe church [Hagia Sophia (Greek for Saint Sophia) W # 1 | W # 2 | W # 3] and the clergy, andto array himself in holy robes, so that the Russians to see the glory of God of the Greeks.When the patriarch received these commands, which gave the clergy assembled, and theirperformance with the usual ceremonies. We burned incense, and the choirs sang hymns. Theemperor accompanied the Russians to the church and placed in a wide area, drawingattention to the beauty of the edifice, the chanting, and the offices of the archpriest and theministry of deacons, and explained to the worship of God. The Russians were surprised and

wonder praised the Greek ritual. Then the emperors Basil and Constantine invited the envoysto their presence, and said, "Go therefore to your homeland," and thus dismissed them withvaluable presents and great honor. So they returned to their country, and the prince calledtogether his vassals and the elders. Vladimir then announced the return of the envoys weresent, and suggested that their report be heard. It is so ordered to speak before the emperor.The delegates said: "When we were traveling between the Bulgarians, who saw how toworship in their temple, called a mosque, while standing ungirt. The Bulgarian bows, sitsdown, looks hither and thither like one possessed, and no Happiness exists between them,but only sadness and a terrible stench. religion is not good. Then we went among theGermans and saw their performance in many ceremonies temples; but did not see the glorythere. Then we went to Greece and the Greeks led us to the edifices of worship to God, andwe do not know if he is in heaven or on earth. For on earth there is no such radiance andbeauty, and we are at a loss how to describe it. We know only that the God dwells there

among men, and their service is fairer than the ceremonies of other nations. Why can notforget that beauty. Every man, after tasting something sweet later unwilling to accept what isbitter, and therefore can not reside here anymore. "Then the vassals spoke and said," If theGreek faith were evil, would not have been approved by your grandmother Olga [ID], who waswiser than all the other guys. " Vladimir then inquired where they should all accept baptism,and said that the decision was based on him. After a year had passed, at 988 (6496), Vladimirmarched with an armed force against Kherson [ID], a Greek city and the people of Khersonbarricaded themselves therein. Vladimir stop the further side of the city beside the bay, abowshot the city, and residents resisted strongly, while Vladimir besieged the town.Ultimately, however, were exhausted, and Vladimir warned them that if they do not surrender,will remain in place for three years. When they failed to heed this threat, Vladimir marshaledhis troops and ordered the construction of a dike toward the city. Although the project wasunder construction, residents dug a tunnel under the city wall, stole the filled-up land, and

carried to the city, where we piled in the center of town. But the soldiers kept on building, andVladimir continued. Then, a man of Kherson, Anastasius by name, was filmed in the Russian


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camp an arrow on which he wrote: "There are springs behind you to the east, the waterflowing in pipes. Dig down and take them off. "When Vladimir received this information, helifted his eyes to heaven and promised that if this hope became a reality, should be baptized.He gave orders straightway to dig down over the pipes, and provide water was way off. Theinhabitants were accordingly overcome by thirst, and surrendered. The Vladimir and followersentered the city [Kherson], and sent messages to the Emperors Basil and Constantine,

saying: "Behold, I have captured your glorious city . I heard that you are unmarried sister. Ifyou do not give it to me for a woman to deal with your own town, as I have with Kherson."When the emperors heard this message, it was problematic, and replied:" Not meet forChristians to give in marriage to pagans. If you are baptized, you should have to wife, inheritthe kingdom of God, and be our companions in the faith. If not so, however, we can not giveyou the our sister in marriage. "When Vladimir learned their response, he directed the envoysof the emperors to report to the employer that was willing to accept baptism, having alreadygiven some study to their religion and that faith and Greek ritual, as described by theemissaries sent to examine it, had satisfied well. When the emperors heard this report,rejoiced, and persuaded their sister Anna to consent to the match. I then asked Vladimir tosubmit to baptism before should send their sister to him, but Vladimir desirable that theprincess should herself bring priests to baptize him. The emperors granted this request andsent a fourth sister, accompanied by some dignitaries and priests. Anne, however, left for

hesitation. "It's like I was down in captivity," she complained; "Better to be for me to die here."But her brothers protested: "Through your agency God turns the Russian land for repentance,and freed Greece from the danger of deliberate war. Did not you see how bad the Russianshave been brought against the Greeks? Unless the outside can bring to us misfortunes. "Itwas then that overcame the hesitation only with great difficulty. The princess started a boat,and after tears embrace kinfolk, who made across the sea and arrived at Kherson. The localscame forward to greet her, and conducted in the city, where she settled in the palaceBy divine agency, Vladimir was suffering at that time from an eye disease, and nothing couldbe seen to in great distress. The princess said to him if you want to get rid of this diseaseshould be baptized with all speed, otherwise it could be cured. When he heard Vladimirmessage said, "If this proves true, then the guarantee is the God of the Christians great," andhe gave that he should be baptized. The Bishop of Kherson, together with priests of theprincess, after announcing the news, baptized Vladimir, as bishop of his hand after that, was

straightway sight. After experiencing this miraculous cure, Vladimir glorified God, saying, "Inow understand the one true God." When the fans saw this miracle, many of them werebaptized as well.Vladimir was baptized in the Church of St. Basil, which amounts to Kherson in a square in thecenter of town, where trade Khersonians. The palace of Vladimir is right next to this church tothis day, and the palace of Princess is behind the altar. After the baptism, Vladimir took theprincess in marriage. Those who know the truth say he was baptized in Kiev, while othersargue that the event took place in Vasiliev, while others continue to mention other parts.As a result, Vladimir took the princess and Anastasius and the priests in Kherson, togetherwith the relics of St. Clement and of Phoebus his disciple, and selected also sacred objectsand images for the service. In Kherson so founded a church on the mound that had beenpiling up in the city center and the land removed from the mound; This church stands today.Vladimir also found and appropriated two bronze statues and four bronze horses, which now

stand behind the church of the Virgin Mary, and ignore it in marble. As a wedding present theprincess, he gave Kherson on the Greeks again, and then departed for Kiev.

When the prince arrived in [Kiev], directed that the idols should be overthrown and that someshould be cut into pieces and others burned with fire. It is so ordered that Perun should bebound on the tail of a horse and dragged Borichev river. He appointed twelve men to beat theidol with sticks, because they thought the wood was sensitive, but to attack the demon whohad deceived man in this guise that he could receive punishment at the hands of men. GreatThou Art, Lord, and wonderful your works! Yesterday he was honored by men, but today heldin derision. While the idol was being dragged along the stream to the Dnepr, the unbelieverswept over it, because it had not yet received holy baptism. After they had thus dragged the

idol along, it puts the Dnepr. But Vladimir had given this instruction: "If you stop anywhere,then push it out from the bank until it goes over the falls. Then let it loose." Mandate was dulyobeyed. When men let the idol go, and go through the falls, the air cast on the bank, which


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has since called Shore Perun, a name given to this very day [ID].Then, Vladimir sent heralds throughout the city to proclaim that if any inhabitant, rich or poor,did not betake himself to the river, which would risk disappointment of Prince. When peopleheard these words, who cried with joy, and exclaimed in excitement, "If it was not good, theprince and the boyars would not have accepted it." And in the near future, the Prince wentforward in the Dnepr with the priests of the princess and those from Kherson, and countless

multitude assembled. We all went in the water: some stood up to their necks, others to theirbreasts, the younger near the bank, some of them holding children in their arms, while theadults waded farther out. The priests insisted and offered prayers. There was joy in heavenand on earth to see so many souls saved. But the devil monster, lamenting: "Woe is me! HowI disappear as a result! For thought to be the place my home here, as the apostolic teachingis not held in this land. We did this the world knows God, but I rejoiced in the servicesprovided to me. But now I'm defeated by ignorance, not by apostles and martyrs, and myreign in these regions is at an end. "When the people baptized, they returned with their own residence. Vladimir, we are pleasedthat he and his subjects now knew God himself, looked to the sky and said: "O God, who hastcreated the heavens and the earth, look down, I implore you, on this your new people, andgrant them, Lord, to know thee as the true God, even with other Christian nations to knowyou. affirm the true faith and changed, and help me, Lord, against the hostile adversary, so

that hope you and you could do to overcome evil. "Having spoken thus, he ordained thatchurches should be built and established where pagan idols had previously stood. Hefounded the church so St. Basil on the hill where the idol of Perun and other images wereplaced, and when the prince and people had offered sacrifices [LXT]. He began to foundchurches and to assign priests throughout the cities, and invite the people to accept baptismin all cities and towns. She took the children from the best families, and sent to schools forteaching learning book. The mothers of these children wept bitterly over them because theywere not yet strong in faith, but also mourned the dead. When these children were assignedto study, there was satisfied in the Russian land prophecy says, "In that day shall the deafhear the words of the book, and gloom and darkness the eyes of the blind will see "(Isaiah,xxix, 18). For these people had not heard it ere the words of the Bible, and now hear only theact of God, the mercy of the Lord took pity on them, even as the Prophet said, "I'll be gentlewith whom gracious" (Exodus, xxxiii, 19).

Igor Svyatoslavich the Brave (Novhorod-Siverskyi, April 3 / 10, 1151 - Spring 1201 / 29 1202) was Rus' prince (Member of the Rurik dynasty Baptist name was Yury Igorwas a prince of Putivl (1164-1180), of Novgorod-Seversk(1180-1198), and Chernigov (1198-1201/1202

Chronicle of evidence that had an enviably successful military career; He led severalcampaigns against Cumans including Chronicle

The report of only one defeat. But it was defeated in the river Kayala has been immortalizedby literary version of "The Lay of Igor's Campaign"The most famous poem of Rus'.

During the reign of Novgorod Severskiy

(Now Novhorod-Siverskyi through Ukraine) Enjoyed the status of second most powerful city on earth Chernigov. Basing their commentson the proposed archaeological evidence, a series of investigations Igor built the Cathedral ofthe Holy Savior Transfiguration Monastery outside town. It has also been suggested thatfounded the church in stone Putivl. Judging from the circumstantial evidence, in the reign oIgor Chernigov(Today Chernihiv Ukraine) was uneventful. Keep Family Timethat his father and brother had been commissioned.He was the eldest son of Svyatoslav Olegovich, with his second wife, the NovgorodianCatherine. Giving your child the baptism name of Yuri, Svyatoslav Olgovich acknowledged hisfriendship with Prince Yuri Vladimirovich of Suzdal. In choosing Igor principality for the nameof the boy, who lodged the close ties that existed between him and his brother thanontos.Ofather died on February 15, 1164; Half brother Igor, Oleg Svyatoslavich took control of

Novgorod Severskiy and probably gave Putivl to Igor. Before 1170, Igor married a daughter ofPrince Yaroslav Volodimerovich Osmomysl Halych Some of the June 1171, the Cumans


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renewed raids along the river Ros and attacked towns belonging to Olgovichi (dynastydecision Chernigov). Igor led a campaign against the invaders on June 29. After crossing theriver Vorskla, learned that Khans Kobyak Konchak and surrounding areas was devastatingPereyaslavl(Now Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi Ukraine); went back over the river and led to deal withinvaders. On July 20 druzhina

killed many of the nomads and took others captive.While returning from his victory, Igor visited the sanctuary of SS. Boris and Glebthrough Vyshgorod (Vyshhorod now in Ukraine) to celebrate the festival. Here I met withRoman Rostislavich Kiev (his brother-in-Law) and his brothers on July 25. The meeting waspolitical in nature in that Igor will have committed allegiance to the new ruler of Kiev.The Half-brother, Oleg Svyatoslavich died January 16, 1180; So Igor left Putivl to succeed inNovgorod Severskiy. Soon after the death of Oleg Svyatoslavich, grand prince Svyatoslav IIIof Kiev Vsevolodovichsummoned Igor and his brother Igor Vsevolod Svyatoslavich to Lyubech and conclude anagreement. Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich main objective in assembling the senior generationOlgovichi was to ensure obedience of Igor. On September 8 Svyatoslav Vsevolodovichordered Prince Igor and Vsevolod III of Vladimir Yuryevich lead and junior OlgovichiMonomashichi Vyshgorod when he was besieging; Nine weeks of siege became

apotychia.Stis early 1181, Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich launched a campaign against VsevolodYuryevich to be released from captivity son Gleb Svyatoslavich. Before setting, the Grand Prince ordered his son Igor and Yaroslav Svyatoslavich to stayback and defend against Chernigov Rostislavichi (members of the dynasty decision Smolensk

). Later, Yaroslav Svyatoslavich and Igor war for the Principality of DrutskPrince Gleb Rogvoldovich which formed a pact with David Rostislavich prince of Smolensk.Although David Rostislavich came to help the prince of Drutsk, but Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich,who had increased his power over Novgorod, are being David Rostislavich leave thebattlefield and forced to capitulate Gleb Rogvoldovich.From Drutsk, Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich traveled south to exclude the great prince RurikRostislavichfrom Kievan land. Meanwhile, Igor, together Khans Konchak and Kobyak, was waiting near

Vyshgorod. After Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich captured the capital, Cumans asked him to leaveIgor accompanying the lake Dolobsk. When Ryurik Rostislavich learned that Igor and Nomadcamped across the Dnieper River , Sent troops to the attack. Troops defeated the Cumans; Igor and Khan Konchak, however,escaped by boat in Chernigov. It is possible that Khan Konchak Igor, and formed an allianceinvolving arranged marriage and their children.When Khan Konchak on the Donets CumansPereyaslavl looted the land in February 1184, Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich sent his sons andhis troops to Igor ordering him to perform sex. Co-Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich the ruler, RurikRostislavich, For its part, sent his troops under the command of Prince Vladimir of Glebovich Pereyaslavl.Igor was appointed to command all the troops Olgovichi, Vladimir Glebovich and refusedpermission to spearhead the attack, as any front line will get the first chance to grab the

spoils. Shortly afterwards, Vladimir Glebovich sacked SeverskOlgovichi cities and led away in a huff? Igor also sent to Kievan troops home. Consequently,Igor went to the pursuit of Cumans with significantly reduced power, including some blackhats. Igor desired invaders, they found the river Khiriya (tributary Vorskla), and took manycaptive. At home, probably attacked the town of Glebovich Vladimir Glebov (on the right bankof Trubizh PotamoyIn summer, big prince Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich launched a major campaign againstCumans; Igor proposed Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich take the path across Pereyaslavl territoriesand meet him in the river Sula. But Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich rejected the proposal, and therefore Igor boycott campaign.However, on the training that troops had left Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich will also invite hisrelatives; The aim was to plunder Cuman camps and occupied nomads fighting forcesSvyatoslav Vsevolodovich it. Anticipating no opposition, Igor was surprised at random from a

party raids Cuman 400 strong around the river Merla (south of Khiriya) that gave men thechance to win glory in battle.


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In 1184, Igor harbored Vladimir Yaroslavich (his brother-in-law), who were expelled fromHalych from his father.When Khan Konchak attacked again Rus with great force in 1185, SvyatoslavVsevolodovich Ryurik Rostislavich and quickly assembled a force. The chronicler claims thatIgor was also willing to attack him even against the advice of the druzhinniki and bad weatherprevented his departure.

Later, on 13 April 1185, Igor, with some junior princes, made a daring raid against thenomads in order to reach the Lower Donarea. Following the princes joined forces in Oskol River , A complex of Cumans to identify and sent riders to warn the neighboring camps. When Igorcame to the river Salnitsa, the scoutsinformed him that they had identified the enemy in Battle Array. Informed him or to attackquickly, before the band Cuman received aid or withdrawn. Igor and his relatives refused toreturn to their homes because, they argued, their peers would mock them afraid to face deathand heap shame on tous.Opos Igor forces reached the river Syuurliy, the enemy a volleytoxotespyrovolismos the arrows in them, and withdrew. Igor and his brother, Prince Vsevolod Svyatoslavich of Trubetskadvanced in formation in a stable peace, but his nephew Svyatoslav Olgovich of Rylsk and

his son Vladimir Igorevichset off in pursuit and defeated the nomads. After all the houses were rebuilt, Igor advised towithdraw under cover of darkness, because he had seen how much power the Cumans hadalready gathered. But Svyatoslav Olgovich said that he was the Cumans long distances andhad exhausted the horses too much to set off immediately; Therefore Igor ordered his troopsto rest for the night.

Concerned about the arrogance of princes to come in very haunts them, Donets Cumansgeneral alarm sounded; For three days the enemy archers shot arrows at them did notparticipate in combat. The only hope Prince set to meet the Donets river; If they left, however,this meant abandoning the common soldiers, and therefore led against the enemy. Thisinvasion ended in disaster: the Cumans forces surrounded Igor as an unyielding wall, so thatonly fifteen men, the Rus' escape. Igor seized by Cuman called Chilbuk Khan Konchak butlater took responsibility for the Svat (son of his father-in-law) Igor were injured. Upon learning

of the defeat of Igor Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich sent two sons Vladimir and Oleg Svyatoslavichin Poseme (Seym along the river to serve as interim city defenders Seversk. According to thechronicler, the Cumans mounted throughout the nation on track against Rus . But the khan sclaimed: Koza suggested that we should raid the towns of the defeated rulers along the riverSeym? Konchak suggested the attack on the Kievan princes sides. Because the khansstubbornly stuck to their views, share their horde two. Koza Putivl attacked but failed to get it;however, fired outside town, looted the area, and destroyed their villages.Meanwhile, Igor was spending captive in the camp Konchak. Although twenty Cumansappointed him a guard, was free to ride where they chose and to hunt with falcons Cuman tellus that offered to help him escape; One day at dusk, set the tentfilm and tracing out, while the Guards were the same as fun games.After crossing over to the other side of the river Tor, Igor drove away. Traveled eleven days inthe city Donets From there he went to Novgorod Severskiy. It tells us when Igor escaped, but

he could not be restricted for more than a few months; It is likely to leave in late summer atthe latest. Upon arrival in Novgorod Severskiy, Igor visited Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich


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(Cousin) in Chernigov and requested military assistance. Then he went to Kiev SvyatoslavVsevolodovich, and asked also help in collecting lytras the three captive princes. After leavingSvyatoslav, visited Ryurik Rostislavich. Archaeological evidence shows that after the return toNovgorod Severskiy, Igor strengthened the fortifications and founded new ones in the areaVyr.

In 1187, Igor reconcile his brother-in-law (Vladimir Yaroslavich) and his father-in-law (PrinceYaroslav Volodimerovich the Halych), and sent his son Svyatoslav Igorevich accompaniedVladimir house Yaroslavich. In autumn 1188, the son of Vladimir Igorevich returning homefrom captivity with the daughter of Khan Konchak. On September 26, 1188, Igor and hisfamily attended the festivities organized by Rurik Rostislavich to celebrate the wedding of hisson. During the week, Rurik Rostislavich gave away his daughter to his son Svyatoslav Igor In1190, Grand Prince Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich married the grandson of David Olgovich withhis daughter IgkorSvyatoslav Vsevolodovich died during the last week of July 1194, and Hisdeath changed the order of seniority among Olgovichi: Only his brother, JaroslawVsevolodovich became the new senior prigkipastis dynasty, and Igor was the second oldest inthe familyPrince of Chernigov

At an unspecified date in 1198, Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich died and was succeeded byIgor on the throne of Chernigov. One of the first tasks was to renew the alliances YaroslavVsevolodovich concluded with the Roman Mstislavich Volodymyr-Volynskyi? Which alsoapproved the alliance Yaroslav Vsevolodovich have done Yuryevich Vsevolod III of Vladimirand Rostislavichi.That same year, his brother-in-Law, Prince Vladimir Yaroslavich the Halych died, and hisdeath created a political vacuum. Despite the fact that the Olgovichi could argue that marriageties with the dynasty, gave them the right to decide Halych, however, Roman Msislavich wasfaster than the mark and took Halych. When he died, as the prince of Chernigov, Igordeserved burial in the Cathedral of St. Saviourcould be written on the subject of Lay of Igor's Campaign. Borodin began writing the PrinceIgor, but he left the opera unfinished at the time of his death, nearly twenty years later. Fellinto Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Glazunov to finish the orchestration and

preparation of Prince Igor for the publication and implementation in 1890Marriage and children

# Before 1170: Unnamed (Evfrosinia) Yaroslavna, the second daughter of Prince YaroslavVolodimerovich the Halychby his first wife, Olga of Kiev Yuryevna Prince Vladimir Igorevich of Halych(October 8, 1170 to 1211 and beyond) Unnamed Igorevna (1171/1173-after 1196), wife of David Olegovich Oleg Igorevich (end of 1174 - after 1183) died at a young age Prince Svyatoslav III Igorevich of Volodymyr-Volynskyi(1176 - September 1211) Prince Roman II Igorevich of Halych

(1177/1179- September 1211)

Prospects for the discovery nonanticlinal petrelaiopagidon gas in Lower Carboniferousdeposits in northwest Dnepr-Donets BasinAuthors: C. Kozak? Ye. Kucheruk? Ya. LazarukDOI: 10.1080/00206818309466678Publication Frequency: 12 issues per yearPublished in: International Geology Review, Volume 25, Issue 1 January 1983, pages 85 to89

Novgorod THE GREAT


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Novgorod the Great was a city-state located in northwestern Russia, dating from themid-tenth century, with annexation by Muscovy in 1478. Although Novgorodwas named the Laurentian Primary Chronicle writing as the political positionoccupied Ryurik to 862, archaeological evidence shows that the city wasfounded in the mid-tenth century. Located on the Volkhov River near the rootsof Lake Ilmen, the city quickly became a leading commercial center. Shortly

after Prince Vladimir endorsed Christianity in Kievan Rus, of Novgorodbecame the seat of the diocese and became an important ecclesiastical andcultural center. Political institutions represent an alternative to the stronggrowth of the noble status in northeastern Russia. At the zenith of its power,Novgorod controlled territories stretching from the Baltic Sea to the WhiteSea and the northern Ural Mountains, but it was conquered by Muscovy in1478.As formed Rus, Novgorod emerged as the second most important city of thestate. Princes of Kiev appointed their sons or other close associates togovern Novgorod. So when Svyatoslav died in 972, the son of Prince Vladimirin serving as Novgorod. Similarly, when Vladimir died in 1015, his sonYaroslav ruled Novgorod. Both Svyatoslav and Vladimir was able to use thetroops from Scandinavia Novgorod and secure their position as princes of

Kiev. Although it has been argued that Prince Yaroslav of Novgorod Kievdestined to become the hereditary seat of his son Vladimir, most scholarsagree that Novgorod is still governed by the candidates in Kievan princes.This scheme differs from Novgorod other major cities of Kievan Rus, citieswhich, during the eleventh century, became patrimonies different branches ofRurikid dynasty. In 1136 the Novgorodians claimed their right to name theirown prince. For the next century chosen by the princes Rurikid dynastic linesheld in Chernigov, Smolensk, and Vladimir-Suzdal and competed for power inRus. Affiliation with a particular dynastic Novgorod branch has often princesof the advantages over their competitors. Novgorod, consequently, also thesubject of contention between rival dynastic branches, which sought toinfluence the choices of the Novgorod prince through political, economic andmilitary pressure. In 1148 - 1149 and again in 1169 Novgorod clashed violently

with Suzdalia, which was able to block supplies, including food in town. In thesecond quarter of the thirteenth century, princes of Vladimir-Suzdal hadacquired a dominant position in Novgorod. In the absence of a single branchof the dynasty decision permanently in the city and associated territories,Novgorod has developed a political system that is unique to the land of Rus.Princes exercise significant authority and was responsible for defending thecity. But they were forced to live outside the city to regulate, in conjunctionwith the managers of the city, the mayor (posadnik) And militia (tysyatsky),who were elected by wealthy landowners elite Novgorod, known as theNovgorodian boyars. In addition, the city convened a group of illegal city orVeche. The bishops of Novgorod, elevated in primates in 1165 and is regardedas an important influence on the unification of the city, also participated in thecity administration, diplomatic affairs, economic activities, and judicial

system. These functions remain those agencies and institutions and thedistribution of power among them free understandable; Scholars havetherefore described variously as Novgorod democracy with popular TownMeeting as a political oligarchy dominated by a few families boyar. TheMongol invasion of Rus in the period 1238 to 1240 have not reachedNovgorod. But in 1259, the Mongols accompanied by Prince AlexanderNevsky (r. 1252 - 1263), who led the defense of Novgorod by the Swedes onthe Neva River in 1240 by Teutonic Knights at Lake Peipus 1242, was forcedto make Novgorod the census and to pay tribute. The Novgorod continued torecognize Vladimir princes, all of whom were princes of Moscow after themid-fourteenth century, as his own. During the fourteenth century, localofficials play a greater role in management and administration of the city.Tensions between the princes and developed as differences from the

requirements of the princes' tribute payments and control of territories innorthern empire Novgorod, including the Northern Dvina land, which Grand


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Prince Vasily I (r. 1389 - -1425) tried unsuccessfully to exploit in 1397.Conflicts between Novgorod and Moscow reached critical proportions in thefifteenth century. Novgorod occasionally in the late fourteenth and fifteenthcentury, turned to Lithuania for a prince and resisted making paymentstribute in Moscow. In 1456 Grand Prince Vasily II (1425 r. - 1462) Novgoroddefeated militarily. The subsequent Treaty of limited autonomy Yazhelbitsy

Novgorod, particularly in foreign affairs. When asked, however Novgorodcloser relations with Lithuania in 1470 - 1471, Grand Prince Ivan III ofNovgorod defeated at the Battle of Shelon (1471). In 1478 removed thesymbolic bell Veche, replacing local officials Novgorod their owncommanders, and virtually annexed Novgorod to Muscovy.The position on the Volkhov River, which flowed northward into Ladoga, gaveaccess through the Baltic Sea to Scandinavia and Northern Europe. It thusbecame the northern Rus stops "from the Varangians Greeks", whichfollowed the Dnieper River in Kiev and beyond to the Black Sea andByzantium. Novgorod was also connected with waterways and portages onthe river Volga, the path to the Volga Bulgar, Khazaria, the Caspian Sea, andthe Muslim East. Trade Novgorod was the main source of silver for theRussian land. In the tenth century, silver dirhams were imported from the

Muslim East. Some were re-exported to the Baltic; Other released the land ofRus. From the eleventh century, when the Islamic silver coins were no longeravailable in Novgorod imported silver European trading partners. Moreover,Novgorod imported European cotton cloth, guns, metal, ceramic, alcoholicdrinks, and salt. From the east and Byzantium imported silk and spices, gemsand jewelry, and glassware and pottery. The Novgorod not only functioned asa center of transit, re-imported goods would also negotiates its own products,mainly beeswax, honey and fur. By the end of the twelfth century Novgorodextend its authority over a vast empire that stretches north to the White Seaand the Ural Mountains. Collected tribute fur Finno region-Ugric peoplesnegotiate with dealers as well. By this means it secured the supply of luxuryfur pelts for export. In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries also exportedlarge quantities of squirrel fur. During the tenth and eleventh centuries

Novgorod main European trading partners were Scan-dinavians. By thetwelfth century they had established their own trading band around thechurch of St. Olaf from the market side of town. From the twelfth century,German merchants, who established his own trading depot at Peterhof, wassuccessfully competing with the Scandinavians on trade in Novgorod. In the1130s Prince Vsevolod pass control over weights and measures - the feecharged for weighing and measuring of goods sold on the market - andjudicial power over trade disputes with the bishop Novgorod, an associationof merchants wax, which connected with the church of St. John, andtysyatsky.Trade Novgorod survived the Mongol invasion, which encouraged the transferof imported and domestic products as a tribute and trade goods down theriver Volga in the capital at Sarai. Although differences have led to occasional

interruptions in trade with Novgorod Hansa, as from 1388 to 1392 and from1443 to 1448, it continued until 1494, when Grand Prince Ivan III closedPeterhof. The Novgorod was one of the largest cities in the land of Rus. In thetwelfth century, covering an area of over a thousand acres. Excluding the areacontaining the cathedral of Hagia Sophia, which was established by Citadel inthe middle of the eleventh century, Novgorod was an open city by the end ofthe fourteenth century or early fifteenth century, when it built a wall city.Volkhov River, the city is divided into two equal parts, in turn Sophia on theWest Bank and the market side to the east. It was divided into five boroughs(kontsy) and roads.Novgorod population in the early eleventh century, it was estimated thatbetween quarter past ten a.m. thousands and have doubled since thebeginning of the thirteenth century. Estimates of the fifteenth century series

thousands. The richer and more active in politics andinfluence in society layers Novgorod was the great boyars and merchants.


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Lower strata are the merchants of moderate means, a wide range of craftsmenand artisans, unskilled laborers and slaves. Clergy, and lived in the area andthe city. Peasants occupied villages on rural countryside to Novgorod.The Civil War happened on several occasions in the city. In extreme cases,riots broke out, the victims were thrown from the bridge into the riverVolkhov. But more often, as maintained by the combined principality-local

government that regulated firms and ruled legal disputes. The populationrelies on official documents issued by officials of the city for businesstransactions, estate sales and donations, wills and other legal actions.Birchbark maps unearthed in archaeological excavations, confirm that it wascommon for Novgorodians to communicate for everyday personal, householdand business writing. The court of bishops, too, was a center of writing time.The urban population lived in a wooden city. Streets and sidewalks are madefrom logs split. Urban lands belonging boyars and rich merchants lining thestreets. While living in the central residential buildings on the land,merchants, artisans and other dependents lived and worked in smallerhouses in the courts, which also includes nonresidential buildings andsurrounded by wooden fences. Although the city boasts a sewerage system,the accumulation of waste requiring repeated Repaving roads Frequently fires

also requires the reconstruction of buildings. Many of the artisans of the citywere involved respectively in the timber, woodworking and other tradesrelated to wood.Some buildings, especially churches, were building walls. The cathedral of St.Sophia, built in 1045 - 1050 of undressed stone mortars in pink and adornedwith five cupolas, was the first such structure built in Novgorod. Sponsoredby Prince Vladimir Yaroslavich, became bishop of the metropolis, the focus ofthis part of Sofia city. Since the beginning of the twelfth century, princes,bishops, and wealthy boyars and merchants were patrons of dozens ofchurches walls. Generally smaller than the cathedral of St. Sophia, located onboth sides of the river, and in monasteries outside the city. Novgorodian andvisiting artists and craftsmen designed and built churches and also paintedicons and frescoes decorating the interior. By the fourteenth and fifteenth

century had developed a distinctive architecture Novgorodian schools andhagiography. The boyars and rich merchants of the city, also owned landedestates outside the city. Although women are not usually involved in publicand political affairs, did own and manage property, including real estate.Among the most famous of these was Marfa Boretskaya, who was one of therichest people in Novgorod on the eve of losing independence. For theprovincial estates, nonagricultural workers and peasants engaged inagriculture, livestock, fishing, hunting, iron and salt production, beekeepingand related activities. Although it is not unusual for unfavorable agriculturalconditions in the region for the production of poor harvests, which resulted infamine times, the production of these estates were usually not enough just tofeed and supply the population of the city and hinterland, but had cycled tothe commercial network of the city. After Ivan III subjugated Novgorod, seized

the landed estates and were arrested or exiled the boyars and merchants whohad owned. Occupied landed property belonging to the archbishop andmonasteries as wellKlitschko

February 18 at 15:49 | Interfax-UkraineFloods could hit the capital of Ukraine, Kiev, in the spring, Kiev City Council DeputyVolodymyr Bondarenko block from Klychko has warned. "From today, the Kiev hydroelectricstation is a sign of water 91.7 meters (above sea level, according to the system of the Baltic),and a signal from 97 meters is essential. This is despite the fact that snow not yet begun tomelt, "he told reporters at a press conference in Kiev on Pempti.Bondarenko said thatexperts, including those from the Kiev hydroelectric station had predicted flood level to thoseobserved in 1970.Eipe that such a situation was as the city was not cleared of snow and therewas too much water drainage systems in the city. "This spring, we could see a situation inwhich [such areas as] Bortnychi, Podil, Obolon Pozniaky and could be flooded, "saidBondarenko. He said the mayor was placed Kiev Hr 16 million to clean the city of snow,


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however, the improvement of the situation was not seen as the districts have not received thenecessary funds to improve the situation. "The city authorities have demonstrated theirinability to restore order in the city," said Bondarenko


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The glossary includes titles associated with a wide range of Russian and world history fromthe first moment to the last.The following abbreviations are used in the titles:R = Russia or RussianH = HistoryE = East or EasternW = West or Western-

In these reports, a series that follows a party is a volume number.Following is a Greek symbol pages.Within parentheses is capital.Examples:Kliuchevskii, 1 (5) = 'book A Course, Volume 1, Chapter 5Riasanovsky (1) = 'book A History ..., Chapter 1Sumner (IV, 2) = 'book A Brief History, Part 4, ch.2VSB, 1:7 = VSB, Volume 1, page 7The figures follow the citation does not indicate a punctuation to the following style:DMR2: 11 = DMR, Second Edition: page 11

---TABLE:

Codes for some of the most important books CourseTable sorted in a column, glossary codesCODE TITLE author or titleAfdr1Abdulatipov, R | Federalizm v istorii rossii

AHRAmerican Historical Review |

serialACGAlexander, John | Catherine the Great: The Life and Legend

Anschel

Anschel, E., ed | An image of the E, 1775-1917ASEERAmerican Slavic & East European Review |

serialAtkinsonAtkinson, Dorothy, et al. | Women in Russian History

Atlas.AAdams, Arthur | Atlas of European R & D H

Atlas.CChannon, John | Historic Atlas of Russia

Atlas.ChChew, Allen | Atlas of Russian History


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Atlas.GGilbert, Martin | Atlas of Russian History

Atlas.HHammond Atlas of the 20th century

Atlas.PParker, WH | Historical Geography of Russia

Atlas.RRand McNally Historical Atlas of the world

Atlas.TETimes Atlas of European history | MAP [G1797.21.S1 T5]

Atlas.TTTimes Atlas of the 20th century | MAP [D421. T59x]

Atlas.TWTimes Atlas of World History |

(Many eds.) REF & MAPAtlas.WWheatcroft, Andrew | World Atlas epanastaseonREF & MAP

AutyAuty, Robert, ed | Introduction to Russian History

B & FBunyan & Fisher | Bolshevik Revolution

B & KBrowder & Kerensky | Russian Provisional Government (3V)

BaedekerBaedeker, Karl | Russia ... for Travelers (1914 travel guide)

BHWBeatty, John, etc. | D Cultural Heritage

BL & TBlinoff, M., ed | Life and Thought in the Old R [Primary docs]

BlackwellBlackwell, William | The industrialization of Russia

BlumBlum, Jerome | Lord and Peasant in Russia [basic research]

BMC1 (ed # 1)Baumer, F., ed | Main currents of thought D (ed # 1)

BMC4 (ed # 4)Baumer, F., ed | Main currents of thought D (ed # 4)

BMMBraudel, Fernand | The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World

BNEBridges, RC | Nations & Empires: documents from 1648 ...

BombaBoba, Imre | Nomads, Norsemen and Slavs ... [Revisionist]


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BoldinBoldin, VI | Ten years that shook ... World

BowkerBowker, Mike | Russia, America and the Islamic world

BPEBlack, Eugene C | Stop Europe

BR & BBerry, L., et al | Rude & barbaric Kingdom

BREBrokgauz-Efron | Entsiklopedicheskii slovar

BrumbergBrumberg, A | * Article in 1991je27: Nyrserial

BRWBisha, Robin, et al., Ed. Russian Women, 1698-1917: Experience and Expression, an

Anthology of Sources

BrzezinskiBrzezinski, Zbig., Et al | Political Power: USA / USSR

Bunyan1Bunyan, James | The Origin of forced labor in the Soviet State, 1917-1921: Documents and

Materials

Bunyan2Bunyan, James | Intervention, Civil War and Communism in Russia ...

BushkovitchBushkovitch, Paul | Peter the Great: War ...

CCC2 & CCC3Columbia College | Introduction to Modern Western Civ (2v)

CCS, 1 & 2Columbia College | Man in Modern Society (2v)

CCSColumbia College | Man in Modern Society (1V ed.)

CDPCurrent Digest of the [Post-] Soviet-style |

Paper = RestrictedDigitized form on WEB

ChamberlinChamberlin, William H | The Russian Revolution (2v)

CPCCross, Samuel | Russian Primary Chronicle

CrummeyCrummey, Robert | Formation of Muscovy

Crummey2


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Crummey, Robert | Aristocrats and Servitors

CSHCherniavsky, M | R Story Structure

CSinSH

Comparative Studies in Society and HistoryserialCSMChristian Science Monitor serial

CSSCalifornia Slavic Studies

serialCVGCohen, S., et al | Voices of Glasnost

CWCChicago, Uof | Readings in Culture, W

D & FNew York Times | Decline and fall of the Soviet Empire

DaviesDavies, Norman | Heart of Europe: ... Poland

DAHDictionary of American History

REFDC & VDmytryshyn, et al | In Siberia and Russian America (3V)

DCE

Riordan & Bridger, eds | Dear Comrade Editor: Readers letters "...

DDHDaniels, Robert | H film of communism

DDH2 (ed # 2)Daniels, Robert | H film of communism [many eds]

Dir2 (ed # 2)Dmytryshyn, Basil | Imperial Russia: Paper Source (ed # 2)

DIR3 (ed # 3)Dmytryshyn, Basil | Imperial Russia: Paper Source (ed # 3)

DMR2 (ed # 2)Dmytryshyn, Basil | Medieval Russia: Paper Source (ed # 2)

DMR3 (ed # 3)Dmytryshyn, Basil | Medieval Russia: Paper Source (ed # 3)

DPHKertesz, ed | Docs in the Political History of European ...

DRR! noUO!!Daniels, Robert | The Russian Revolution

DSC! noUO!!

Daniels, Robert | Soviet Communism from Reform to CollapseDSH, 1 DSH, 2 etc.


23/32

Documents of Soviet Historysix volumesDSDDukes, Paul, ed | Select Docs [2V, years Catherine II]

Dukes

Dukes, Paul | The Super Powers: A Brief History

Dukes, MakingDukes, Paul | The Making of Russian Absolutism, 1613-1801

DunningDunning, Chester | Russia's First Civil War: The time of trouble ...

DvornikDvornik, F | Slavs in the H & Culture

EddieEddie, et al., Ed. | Russian Mission (3vv)

EisenEisen, Jonathan | Glasnost Reader

ERGEugene Register-Guard series

ESHEncyclopedia of Social History

REFESSEncyclopedia of Social Sciences REF

EyeWitness to history

John Carey, edFainsodFainsod, Merle |

How Russia is ruled out | Later ed., In Hough, entitled "How the Soviet Union is governed"FedotovFedotov, George | The Russian Religious Mind

FFSFreeze, Gregory | The supplication for Rev

FlorinskyFlorinsky, M | Russia: H & Interpretation [2vv, basic manual]

FlorovskyFlorovsky, George | Ways of Russian Theology

FTSFedotov, George | Treasury of Russian Spirituality

GaddisGaddis, John L | Russia, Soviet Union, U.S. (ed. 2)

GDRGosudarstvennaia

Duma v rossii

GFFGurko, V | Features & Details of past


24/32

GPRGuerney, BG, ed | Portable Russian Reader

GRHGolder, Frank | Documents of Russian History

Gruber, 1Gruber, Helmut, ed | International Communism ... Age of Lenin

Gruber, 2Gruber, Helmut, ed | Soviet Russia Masters the Comintern

GRVGosudarstvo i obshchestvo s drevneishikh vremen do nashikh dnei: Vlast i obshchestvo?

Sbornik dokumentov

GS.nrgGreene, William N | Strategies of Major Oil Companies

GSEGreat Soviet Encyclopedia

REF [first appearance for the final index volume]H05Harcave, Sidney | Russian Revolution of 1905

HalperinHalperin, Charles | Russia and the Golden Horde

HardingHarding, Neil | Marxism in Russia (documents)

HarperHarper, Samuel | Russia I Believe In

HartogHartog, Leo | Russia and the Mongol Yoke

HastyHasty, O. & Fusso | America through Russian eyes ,1874-1926

HechtHecht, David | Russian Radicals Look to America

HLWHollister, D | Landmarks of Western Tradition

HMLHellie, R., ed | Muscovite Law Code

HoskingHosking, G | Road to Postcommunism ....

HoughHough, Jerry | Race for the Third World

HRR! noUO!!Harcave, Sidney | Readings in Russian History

HTPHowes, R. C., ed | Will the Grand Princes

Hughes


25/32

Hughes, Lindsey | Russia in the era of Peter the Great

HWWHexter, JH, etc. | Deliveries in the Western world

IESS

International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences REFIR9Istoriia rossii IX-XX vv.: Posobie ...

ISSRIstoriia SSSR

(History of the USSR) serialJaworskyjJaworskyj, Michael | Soviet Political Thought

JEHJournal of Economic History

serialJGO

Jahrbcher fr Geschichte OsteuropasserialJMHJournal of Modern History

serialJonesJones, Gwyn | A History of the Vikings

JlicherJlicher, Peter | Renegades, Rebels & Rogues ...

KappelerKappeler, Andreas | Russian Empire: multinational History

KarpovichKarpovich, Michael | Imperial Russia, 1801-1917

KazinKazin, Alfred | On Native Grounds

KejKodansha Encyclopedia of Japan

(9vv) REFKennan, SBRKennan, George | Siberia and the exile system

Kerblay

Kerblay, Basile |KIARSKennan Institute for Advanced Studies of the Russian

KliuchevskiiKliuchevskii, V | A Course in the RH [5v, outdated translation = DK40.K6]

Kliuchevskii, 3Kliuchevskii, V | seventeenth century [Kurs v3, Early Romanov era]

Kliuchevskii, 4Kliuchevskii, V | Peter the Great [Kurs v4]

Kliuchevskii, 5Kliuchevskii, V | A Lesson: Time Catherine [Kurs v4 & v5]

KMM


26/32

Kohn, Hans | The Mind of Modern Russia

KnappKnapp, L | Dostoevsky as Reformer

Kolchin

Kolchin, Peter | non-free Labor (slaves and serfs)

KRRKaiser, Daniel, et al | New Russian interpretation of history

KRWKnoles, GH, etc. | Readings in Culture, W

LapidusLapidus, Gail, ed | State and Welfare

LasersonLaserson, Max | The American Impact on Russia (in 1917)

LBH, 1, 2 or 3! NoUO!! Forrest McDonald, Leslie Decker, & Thomas Govan | The Last BestHope (3vv)LDH! noUO!!Leatherbarrow, et al., Ed. | Documentary History of Russian Thought

LewisLewis, Robert | Ethnicity and Population

LigLiteraturnaia Gazeta

serialMayerMayer, Arno | Wilson vs. Lenin ...

McC1McCauley, Martin | Octobrists to Bolsheviks

McC2McCauley, Martin | Russian Revolution and the Soviet State, 1917-1921

MDFMendenhall, TC | Dynamic Power of Freedom ... [D101.2.M38]

Medvedev, TimeMedvedev, Roy | Time for change

MehlingerMehlinger, Howard | Count Witte & the tsarist government

MelvilleMelville, et al | Glasnost Papers

MerkleMerkle, Judith | Management and Ideology ...

MERSHModern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History

REFMGWManchester Guardian Weekly

serial

MiliukovMiliukov, Paul | The Russian Revolution (of 1917? 3vv)


27/32

MillerMiller, John | Mikhail Gorbachev

MIRMendelsohn, et al | Imperial Russia, 1700-1917 ....

MironovMironov, Boris | Social History of Imperial Russia (2v)

MirskyMirsky, Dmitrii | History of Russian Literature

MNEMoscow News

(English version of the next newspaper) serialMNOMoskovskie Novosti

serialMoh

Mohrenschildt, D | Russian RevolutionMR & C1 (ed # 1)Miliukov, Pavel | Russia and the crisis (1905) GOOGLE

MR & C2 (reprint)Miliukov, Pavel | Russia crisis

MWGWeber, Max | Max Weber Gesamtausgabe

NevisonNevison, Henry | Dawn in Russia

Nyr

New York Review of BooksserialNYTNew York Times

serial (journal)ObolenskyObolensky, Dimitri | Byzantine Commonwealth

ObolonskyObolonsky, Aleksandr | Drama History of Russian policy

OCP Owen, Thomas Capitalism and policy ...

ORCObolensky, Dimitri | Russian Chronicles .... [Popularize quality]

ORW! noUO!!Oliva, Jay, ed | Russia and the West

OSPOxford Slavonic Papers

serialOwenOwen | Capitalism and the politics of Russia

P & PSuggest & recommend | Silver Age of Russian Culture: An Anthology

P20


28/32

Perry, et al | Sources of 20th Century Europe

Page! noUO!!Page, Stanley, ed | Russia's Revolution: Selected Readings

PFMPares, Bernard | Fall of the monarchy R

PocockPocock, JGA | Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought ...

PostgatePostgate | Revolution from 1789 to 1906

PR & RPares, Bernard | Russia Reform

PricePrice | Russo-Japanese WRX?

PS & C

Matthews, Mervyn, ed | Party, State and Citizen ... Documents

PushkarevaPushkareva, N. L | Women in Russian History

PWT2Perry, et al. | Resources from the Western tradition ed # 2

Raeff1Raeff, Marc, ed | Decembrist Movement

Raeff2Raeff, Marc, ed | Plans for Political Reform

Raeff3Raeff, Marc.ed | Russian Intellectual History

Raeff4Raeff, Marc | Imperial Russia ,1682-1825

Raeff5Raeff, Marc | Understanding Imperial Russia

RB-CRosenthal et al | Revolution of the Spirit

RBV1Rosenberg, William, ed | Bolshevik Visions | Ed # 1

RBV2Rosenberg, William, ed | Bolshevik Visions | Ed # 2

ReedReed, John | Ten days that shook ...

ReederReeder, Roberta | Lyrics Russian Folk (2 versions)

Reed, N: NReed, John | Reed, Attachment #: Part #

RFP2 (ed # 2)Readings in


29/32

Russian foreign policy (3V 1953)

RFP3 (ed # 3)Readings in

Russian foreign policy (1V 1959)

RHIRussian History

serialRiasanovskyRiasanovsky, Nicholas | A History of Russia [the best book yet]

RimlingerRimlinger, Gaston | Policy & Welfare Industrialization

RobinsonRobinson, Geroid T | Rural Russia under the old regime

Rogger

Rogger, Hans | Russia in the era of modernization and revolution, 1881-1917

RoosaRoosa | "Russ-Ind" (1975)

RRC1 (ed # 1)Riha, Thomas, ed | Readings in Russian political (3V) ed # 1

RRC2 (ed # 2)Riha, Thomas, ed | Readings in Russian political (3V) ed # 2

RRERussian Review

serial | WEBSITE

RRHRiasanovsky, Alexander | Readings in Russian History 3vv

RRSRosenthal, B | Revolution of the Spirit

RTVRussia Today http://www.russiatoday.com

RWP1Readings in World Politics

3vv (1952)RWP2

Readings in World Politics1V (1959)Saul, 1Saul, Norman | Distant Friends (USA and Russia, 1867)

Saul, 2Saul, Norman | Omonia & Conflict (1914)

SEERSlavic & East European Review

serialSenn! noUO!!Senn, Alfred | Views ...

SFSStokes, Gale | From Stalinism to pluralism [3 versions]


30/32

SGvSoviet government: ... Official Docs [personal copy]

SIESovetskaia entsiklopediia istoricheskaia

REF

SLRSlavic

Kritikiserial

MediaSwanson / Melancon | Modern Europe: Sources

SolovievSoloviev, Sergei | History of Russia (many vv)

SPE1 (ed # 1)Stearns, RP | Pageant of Europe (ed # 1

SPE2! noUO!!Stearns, RP | Pageant of Europe (ed # 2)

SputnikSputnik:

Summary of the Soviet Press (1978 +)

SPWSelected philosophical works

SS & D Soviet Statutes and Decisions

SteeleSteele, Jonathan | Eternal Russia: Gorbachev, Yeltsin ...

STHJones, Mark, ed | Storming Heaven: Voices of October

StilmanStilman, Leon, ed | Views in R. H. (Russian language, 2nd year level)

SuqSchmemann, ed | Ultimate Questions

SukhanovSukhanov, Nikolai | The Russian Revolution

Sumner Sumner, BH | A brief history of Russia [DK41.S8]

Sumner (IV, 2)Sumner, B.H | Sumner (part IV, ch. 2)

SWHStearns, RP | World History in Documents

SWLSiegelbaum, et al | Stalinism as a way of life

TDUTreadgold, DW, ed | Development of the USSR

TGGTarasulo, Isaac | Glasnost and Gorbachev

TLS


31/32

Times Literary Supplement[English fortnightly, generally book reviews]TPPTarasulo, Isaac | Risks of perestroika

Treadgold

Treadgold, DW | Twentieth Century Russia

Trotsky, 1, 2 or 3Trotsky, Leon | The History of the Russian Revolution (3vv, many ed.) [Electronic TXT]

VernadskyVernadsky, George | A History of Russia (NB! A vol. Ed.)

Vernadsky ,1-5Vernadsky, George | History of Russia [5vv as defined below =]

Vernadsky, 1Vernadsky, George | History of Russia v1 "Ancient Russia"

Vernadsky, 2Vernadsky, George | History of Russia v2 "Kievan Russia"

Vernadsky, 3! noUO!! Vernadsky, George | History of Russia v3 "The Mongols and Russia

Vernadsky, 4Vernadsky, George | History of Russia v4 ""

Vernadsky, 5Vernadsky, George | History of Russia v5 ""

VMLVernadsky, George | Medieval Russian Laws [Primary docs]

Voline! noUO!!Voline | Unknown Revolution

VRRVenturi, Franco | Roots of Revolution

VRXVulliamy, C | Red Archives

VSBVernadsky, George | A Source Book for Russian History [3vv]

Wagar! noUO!!Wagar, WW | World Views: A Comparative Study in History [TXT]

WALWiener, Leo, ed | Anthology of Russian Literature (2v)

WalkerWalker, Martin | Waking Giant: Gorbachev in the Soviet Union

WCS Wartenweiler, David civil society and academic debate ... 1904-1917

Weber

Weber, Max | The Russian Revolution


32/32

WhiteWhite, Colin | Russia and America: economic difference ...

WOPWorld Policy |

serial

WPoWashington Post

serial (journal WDC)WPTShein, Louis J Readings in Russian philosophical thought: [History]

WRH1 (ed # 1)Walsh, Warren, ed | Readings in Russian History (ed # 1)

WRH2! noUO!!Walsh, Warren, ed | Readings in Russian History (ed # 2)

WRH3 (ed # 3)

Walsh, Warren, ed | Readings in Russian History (ed # 3)

WWQWilson Quarterly

serial

XTSKhronika tekushchikh sobytii

serial

YAGYeltsin, Boris | The Grain

ZabriskieZabriskie, EH | American-Russian Competition in the Far East

ZinnZinn, Howard | A People's History of the United States, 1492-present

ZMR1! noUO!!Zenkovsky, Serge | Medieval Russia's Epics (ed # 1)

ZMR2 (ed # 2)Zenkovsky, Serge | Medieval Russia's Epics (ed # 2)

ZNCZenkovsky, Serge | Nikonian Chronicle [5vv]