hnemkw

FUn-‰¿, imkv{X-K-Xn, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw 695 001. t^m¨ : 0471 2475668. C sa-bn¬ sasthragathy@gmail.comamt\-PnMv FUn-‰¿, imkv{X-KXn, tImgn-t°mSv 673 002t^m¨ : 2701919, C sa-bn¬ ksspmagazine@gmail.com

FUn-‰¿ : B¿.-hn.Pn.- tat\m≥, amt\-PnMv FUn-‰¿ : sI. cm[≥

FIvkn-Iyp´ohv FUn-‰¿: B¿. cm[m-Ir-jvW-≥, Atkm-kn-tb‰v FUn-‰¿: ]n. kptc-jv

]{Xm-[n-]-k-anXn: s{]m^. sI.-B¿ P\m¿Z\≥, s{]m^. Sn.-]n. Ip™n-°-Æ≥, s{]m^. sI. ]m∏q´nSn. cm[m-a-Wn, kn.-hn. N{μ≥, tUm. B¿.-_n. cmP-e£van, tUm. sI. cmPvtam-l≥, tUm. sI. hnP-b-Ip-am¿

tPmPn Iq´p-tΩ¬, B¿. KncojvvIp-am¿, AUz. Sn. Ko\m-Ip-amcn, hn.-ss_-Pp, ]n. {]Im-i≥

Nn{Xo-I-cWw: sI. kXojv Ih¿ & teHu´v: ]n. {]Zo]v ssS∏v sk‰nMv: hn[p. ]n.-Fkv

teJ-\-ß-fnse A`n-{]m-b-߃ teJ-I-cp-tS-Xm-Wv; imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-j-Øn-t‚-Xm-I-W-sa-∂n-√.

H‰-{]Xn : 12 cq] ˛ hm¿jn-I-h-cn-kwJy : 125 cq]

2011 Pq¨ tIcf imkvv{Xkm-lnXy ]cn-jØvhmeyw 46 e°w 12

18 F≥tUmkƒ^m≥:bp≤w Ah-km-\n-°p-∂n√tUm. B¿.-hn.-Pn. tat\m≥

21 F≥tUmkƒ^m≥ kacw;hnPbnt® XocqtUm. B¿. Pb{]Imiv

26 \ΩpsS imkv{X-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬_¿W-ens‚ km∂n-[yw,kzm[o-\w..!Fw.-kn. \ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv

30 P\m-h-en-bpsS cmjv{SobwF∂ km{am-Py-Xz-X{¥wtPmPn Iq´ptΩ¬

33 a’ytemIsØamkva-c-°m-gvN-IƒcmtIjv hn.-_n., tUm. _nt\mbv hn.-hn.

6 AdnbpI \mwh\ ÿnXns{]m^. Fw.sI. {]kmZv

11 h\kwc£WwtIcfØn¬˛sh√phnfnIƒtUm. sI.]n. Hutk∏v

Ih¿tÃmdn:

A¥m-cmjv{S h\-h¿jw20112011201120112011

39 tIc-f-Ønse P\-kwJym{]h-W-X˛AY-hm, P\-kwJym\nb-{¥-W-Øns‚ tIcf amXr-ItUm. tPmtam≥ amXyp

41 {Ko°v ss]XrIwtUm. B¿.-hn.-Pn. tat\m≥

46 hn⁄m\ kaq-l-ÿm-]-\-hpwtIc-f-Øns‚ ka-{K-hn-I-k-\hpwAtimI≥ Rmd°¬

51 hnZym-`ymkmh-Imi \nb-a-hpw{KmaoW `mcX-ØnsehnZym- ym-k-ÿn-Xn-bpwhn sI Pbv tkma-\m-Y≥

57 Im¿´q¨ ]w‡n: lc-W-^ewsI. kXojv

58 imkv{X-hm¿ØtUm.-Fw.-B¿. kpZ¿i-\-Ip-am¿

kμ¿in°pI: www.kssp.in

Pq¨ 5 ]cnÿnXnZn\w

4 Pq¨ 2011

IØp-Iƒ

imkv{XIY{]iwkm¿lw

imkv{X-KXn˛imkv{X-IYm a’-c-Øn¬ 3˛mw ÿm\w In´nb "{]Im-i-h¿j-߃°-∏pdw'˛A-£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ Xs∂ ASn-s]m-fn. HmIvkn-P≥, IpSn-sh-≈w, Blmcw ChC≥kv{S-sa‚ v t_mIvkn-em°nkvIqfn¬ t]mIp-Ibpw Ah-bv°p-th≠n am¿Pn≥ {^o tjm∏p-Iƒ\mSp-\osf D≠m-Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂Hcp Imew-hsc am{Xta Fs‚ mh\FØn-bn-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. hfscDtZym-K-P-\-I-amb Hcp IY hmbn-°p∂ AtX am\-kn-Im-h-ÿ-tbm-sS-bmWv IY apgp-h≥ hmbn-®-Xv."acWwt]mepw ""C{X Xo{h hnIm-c-ap-W¿Øp-∂n-s√∂v temIw Xncn-®-dn™p'' {]Im-i-h¿j-߃°-∏pdwas‰mcp Pohn-X-Øn-te°v kzbw\oßpIbm-W-h¿' F∂ IYm-Ir-Øns‚ hmN-Iw, kXyw ]d-™m¬a\- ns\ aYn®p If-™p. H∂pwc≠pw ÿm\w In´nb IY-Iƒ°vImØn-cn-°p-∂p. IYm-Ir-Øn\pwimkv{X-K-Xn°pw A`n-\-μ-\-߃.

Ih¿ tÃmdn-bnse c≠v teJ-\-ßfpw hn⁄m-\-{]-Z-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.ck-X - {¥-h¿j-Øn¬ CuhnjbsØ°p-dn®v IqSp-X¬ a\- n-em-°m≥ teJ\w klm-bn-®p. hnZym-`ymk t]Pnse tUm. ANyp-Xvi-¶-dns‚ {]_-‘-`m-Khpw Gsd {i≤n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.

KncnP, B‰n-߬

hnZymeb߃ AS®p]q´Ww?Hcp kvIqƒ h¿jw-IqSn XpS-ßm-dm-bn. Ip´n-I-fpsS FÆ-°p-d-hp-aqew t\mt´m- -tam-Sp∂ s]mXp-hn-Zym-e-b-߃. Hcp Ip´n-sb-¶nepw B kvIqfn¬ hcp-sa-¶n¬ B kvIqƒAS-®p-]q- m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°m≥ ]mSn√ F∂ ]cn-j-Øns‚ ap≥\n-e-]mSv ]p\x-]-cn-tim-[n-t°-t≠. ]pXnb iº-f-kvsI-bn¬IqSn {]mh¿Øn-I-am-Ip-tºmƒ 4 A[ym-]-I¿ am{X-ap≈ Hcp hnZym-e-b-Ønse Hcp amkw amdp∂ iºfw shdpsX IW-°p-Iq´n t\m°mw. Ccp-]-Xn-\m-bn-c-Øn-e-[nIw iºfw hmßp∂ A[ym-]-IcpwCcp]ØnFÆmbn-c-Øn-e-[nIw hmßp∂ {][m-\m-[ym-]n-I-bpw. 25 Ip´n-Iƒt]mepwASp-Ø-h¿jw C√m-Xm-Ip∂ Hcp hnZym-e-b-Ønse ko\n-b-dmb Hcp A[ym-]n-I-bmWv Rm≥. Cu Ip´n-Isf C‚¿\m-j-W¬ kvIqfn¬ hsc ]Tn-∏n-°m≥ km[n-

F≥tUmkƒ^m\v ]I-c-taXv?F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ Nne D]m-[n-I-tfm-sS-bm-sW-¶nepw A¥m-cm-jv{S-X-e-Øn¬Xs∂ \ntcm-[n-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-W-t√m?tIcf P\-X-bpsS s]mXp-hn-Imcw Cu\ntcm-[-\-Øn\v A\p-Iq-e-ambn F∂XvbmZr-›nIw am{Xw. F¥m-bmepw Hcp ka-{K-]-T\w \S-ØmsX th≠{X sXfn-hp-Iƒ Is≠-Øm-sX-bp≈ CØcw \ntcm-[\w sIm≠v Imk¿-tKms´ {]iv\-Øn\v]cn-lm-c-ambn F∂v ]d-bm-\m-In-√.ImcWw ChnsS F≥tUm-kƒ^m\v]Icw as‰mcp IoS-\m-in-\n-bmIpw Xfn-°p-I. At∏mgpw {]iv\-߃ DS-se-Sp-tØ-°mw. IoS-ßsf am{Xw \in-∏n-°p∂Hcp IoS-\m-in\n C\nbpw I≠p-]n-Sn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

C∂v am¿°‰v sNø-s∏Sp∂ F√m IoS-\m-in-\n-Ifpw a\p-jy-\pw, a‰p ]£n-ar-Km-Zn-Iƒ°pw amc-I-amb XI-cm-dp-Iƒhcp-Øp-∂h-bm-Wv. IoS-\m-in-\n-Isfs]mXpsh \membn Xcw Xncn-°-s∏- n- p-≠v. Chsb Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ XrtIm-Wm-Ir-Xn-bn¬ \nd-߃ \¬In hcp-∂p. hnf-I-fn-epw, aÆnepw hnL-Sn-°msX h¿j-ß-tfmfw \n¬°p-∂-hsb sImSnb hnj-

ambn Npa∏v \nd-hpw, hnL-Sn-°m≥ amk-߃ FSp-°p-∂-hsb a™ \nd-hpw,hnL-Sn-°m≥ BgvN-I-sf-Sp-°p-∂-hsb\oe \nd-hpw, GXm\pw aWn-°q-dp-Iƒam{Xw hnjw \n¬°p-∂-hsb ]®-\ndw\¬In-bp-amWv IoS-\m-in-\n-Iƒ \ap°ve`n -°p -∂-X v . CXn¬ F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ a™ \ndw \¬Inb KW-Øn¬ s]Sp-∂-h-bm-Wv. Ch Xfn-°m-\p≈ am¿K-\n¿t±-i-ßfpw Cu IoS-\m-in-\n-tbm-sSm∏w \¬In-h-cp-∂p.

CØcw IoS-\m-in-\n-Iƒ \n›nXAI-eØv \n∂v Im‰n-√mØ ka-bØvtIm´pw, Iøp-d-bpw, amkvIpw a‰p-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v Xfn-°m-\p-t±-in-°p∂ sNSn-bn¬ am{Xta Xfn-°mhq F∂p-IqSntcJ-s∏-SpØn ImWp-∂p. Cu \n¿t±-i-ß-sf√mw ]msS Ah-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠vk¿°m¿ ÿm]-\-amb πmt‚-j≥tIm¿∏tdj≥Xs∂ slen-t°m-]v‰¿hgn bmsXmcp XXz-Zo-£-bp-an-√msXInW-dp-I-sf-tbm, a‰p Poh-Pm-e-ß-sftbm ]cn-K-Wn-°msX Xfn®p F∂-XmWv Kuc-h-ambn ImtW-≠-Xv.

F. lcn-Zm-k≥, ]pXp-∏Ww

°p∂X-c-Øn-ep≈ XpI-bmWv Ct∏mƒ Hcp tZiob\jvS-ambn Xocp-∂-Xv. Ip´n-I-fn¬, hnZym-e-b-Øn¬ Hcpam‰hpw hcp-Øm≥ B{K-ln-°m-Ø, Adn-bmØ tae-[n-Im-cnbpw IqSn-bm-sW-¶n¬ IY ]q¿W-am-bn.Bflm¿∞-Xbpw A¿∏-W-t_m-[hpw Ipd-™p-h-cp∂A[ym-]-I-cmWv Ct∏mƒ IqSp-X-epw. Hcp A\u-]-Nm-cn-I-]-T\w \S-Øn-b-t∏mƒ sXfn-™p-h-∂Xv Cu A[ym-]-I¿ IqSp-Xepw 1985- -\p-tijw ]cn-io-e\w ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-b-h-cm-sW∂mWv. IqSp-X¬ hy‡-am-°n-bm¬ 1990-\p-tijw. B ImeØv Fs¥-¶nepw kw -hn-t®m- -am-\p-jnI aqey-Øn\v CSnhv h∂p XpS-ßn-bXv AXn-\p-ti-j-tam-? A-[ym-]-I≥ shdp-samcp sXmgn-emfn am{XwBbn-Øo¿∂Xv Cu Ime-b-f-hn-em-tWm? -G-Xm-bmepwCØcw hnZym-e-b-߃ C\n AS-®p-]q-´pIXs∂thWw.

Hcp A[ym-]n-I, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

imkv{X-KXn 5

ImSp \∂mbm¬ \mSpw \∂mIpwIgn™ 38 h¿jßfmbn Pq¨ 5 temI ]cnkcZn\ambn BNcn®p hcnI-bmWs√m? ho≠pw Hcp Pq¨ 5˛Dw IqsS hcnIbmbn. Cu BNcW-Øns‚^eambn a\pjycminbpsS Nn¥bn¬ ]cnÿnXn kwc£-WØn-\\pIqeambnImXemb am‰ap≠mbn´pt≠m? C√ F∂pXs∂ ]dbmw. F¶n¬ Ign™aq∂p \q‰m≠n\nSbv°v BtKmfXeØn¬ h\taJebpsS hnkvXo¿Ww 40iXam\w I≠p Ipdbpambncpt∂m? 2010 sFIycmjv{S kwLS\ssPhsshhn[y h¿jambn BNcn®t∏mƒ Db¿Ønb Hcp ap{ZmhmIyap≠v.""ssPhsshhn[yamWv Poh≥; ssPhsshhn[yamWp \ΩpsS PohnXw''.a\pjy≥ Xs∂ {]IrXnbnse kº∂amb ssPhssh-hn[yØns‚`mKamsW¶nepw AXns\ kwc£n°m\pw \in∏n°m\pw a\pjy\pIgnbpsa∂pw bp.F≥.C.]n. Hcp ktμiØn¬ Hm¿an∏n°p∂p. \n¿`mKyhim¬\in∏n°p∂XnemWv a\pjy≥ IqSpX¬ {]mK¤yw ImWn°p∂Xv.kzm`mhnIambn {]IrXnbn¬ \S°p∂ hwi\miw a\pjys‚ CSs]S¬sIm≠v1000 apX¬ 10000 hsc aSßmbn h¿[n®ncn°p∂p F∂pw Hmtcm Ccp]Xpan\n´nepw Hmtcm kv]ojokv hoXw \nXy-\mi-Øntebv°v \oßp∂p F∂pwI¨k¿thj≥ C‚¿\mjW¬ hnebn-cpØp∂p.

]cnÿnXn XI¿®bpsS ImcyØn¬ C¥ybnse Nn{XhpwhyXykvXa√. ]cnÿnXn kwc£n°pIbpw A`nhr≤ns∏SpØpIbpw sNøp-hm\pw cmPyØnse h\ßsfbpw h\yPohnIsfbpw ]cnc£n°phm\pwcmjv{Sw bXv\nt°≠XmsW∂pw h\ßfpw XSmIßfpw \ZnIfpw h\yPohn-Ifpw Dƒs∏Sp∂ {]IrXym D≈ ]cnÿnXn kwc£n°pIbpw A`nhr≤n-s∏SpØpIbpw PohnItfmSp ImcpWyw ImWn°pIbpw sNøpI F∂Xv`mcXØnse Hmtcm ]ucs‚bpw I¿ØhyamsW∂pw C¥y≥ `cWLS\{]Jym]n®n´ps≠¶nepw C¥ybnepw {]IrXnbpsS taep≈ IS∂m{IaWwi‡ambn \S∂psIm≠ncn°p∂p. em`m¿Øn ]q≠ Hcp Iq´w a\pjy¿{]IrXnbn¬ e`yamIp∂ F¥p kºØns\bpw sIm≈bSn°m\pw ]≈ho¿∏n°m\pw {ian®psIm≠ncn°p∂p. B B{IaWØns‚ Hcp {][m\Cc ssPhsshhn[yØns‚ Iehdbmb ImSmWv. CXns‚ {]XymLmXwAXni‡ambn ]ehn[Øn¬ a\pjy¿ A\p`hn®p XpSßnbn´pw ISpØB¿ØntbmsS C°q´¿ ImSp XI¿ØpsIm≠ncn°p∂p. {]IrXnbpsS{]XnImcw AXnITn\ambncn°pw. AsXmgnhm°m≥ h\kwc£Ww imizX{]h¿Ø\am°m≥ \ap°pw {ian°mw. AXmbncn°s´ h\h¿jØn¬ temI]cnÿnXnZn\Ønse \ΩpsS Xocpam\w.

Pq¨ 2011

apJ-°p-dn∏v

imkv{X-KXn

6 Pq¨ 20116 Pq¨ 2011

Icbnse ssPhsshhn[yØns‚IehdbmWv ImSv. `qanbpsS ssPh`qcmkhyhÿIfn¬ {][m\s∏´ HcpLSIamWnXv. a\pjys‚ t£aØn\vBhiyamb Ct°mhyql tkh\ß-fpsS DdhnSamWXv. F∂m¬ ImSns‚hnkvXo¿Whpw Ahÿbpw ASpØa\pjy Ncn{X ImeØv ipjvIn®pt]mbn.

Ign™ aq∂v \q‰m≠n\nSbv°vBtKmf h\taJebpsS hnkvXo¿WwFXm≠v 40 iXam\w Ipd™p;AXn¬ ap°m¬ ]¶pw Ign™ c≠p\q‰m≠n -emWv kw`hn®Xv. 25cmPyßfn¬ ImS v apgph\mbpwC√mXmbn. 29 cmPyßfn¬ 90iXam\Øntesd \jvSambn-´p≠v.

bqtdm∏nepw hSt° Atacn°-bnepwh\hnkvXrXn Ign™ImeØvIpd™Xv Ct∏mƒ h¿[n®n´p≠v.]t£ DjvWtaJem cmPyßfn¬h\\ioIcWw, {]Xnh¿jw HcptImSn slIv‰¿ I≠v ImSns\ hngpßn-s°m≠ncn°p∂p. CXn\p ]pdtabmWvh\kºØns‚ timjn∏pw Xp≠h-XvI-cWhpw. CXv Bhmkhyh-ÿ-bpsS {]h¿Ø\sØ _m[n°pIbpwsNøp∂p.

temIØnse h\ßsf kw_-‘n® hnhc߃ Xs∂ IpdhmWv.2000¬ FAO \SØnb Global ForestResources Assessment ImWn°p∂Xv137 hnIkzc cmPyßfn¬ 22 -¬am{XamWv hm¿jnI h\hnkvXrXn

IW°pIƒ {]kn≤oIcn°p∂Xv. 28cmPy߃°v IWt° C√; 33 cmPy-߃°v mKnIamb IW°mWp≈Xv.34 cmPy߃°v 1990 \p tijap≈IWt° D≈q. 1990-˛\p tijw IW-s°Sp∏ v ]q¿Ønbm°nbXv 43cmPyßfmWv. ]e cmPyßfptSbpwIW°v 10 sIm√w ]g°ap≈XmWv;As√¶n¬ A]q¿WamWv. ]ehyhkm-bhXvIrX cmPyßfptSbpwhnhc߃ A]q¿Ww, As√¶n¬A_≤PSnew. ]pXnb dntam¿ v sk≥-knMv sSIvt\mfPn D]tbmKn-°p-s∂¶nepw AXns‚ DXv]∂߃D]tbmK iq\yw.

ImSpIƒ, {]tXyIn®pw DjvWta-Jem ImSpIƒ Adnbs∏´n´p≈ Ic

Ih¿tÃmdns{]m^. Fw.sI.{]kmZv

AdnbpI \mw

h\ ÿnXn

AdnbpI \mw

h\ ÿnXn

XÆo¿ØSßfn¬ sh≈w \ne\n¬°m≥ ImSpIfpsS klmbw thWw;PeN{Iw ]q¿ØoI-cn°m≥. ImSpIƒ sh≈w \ZnIfnepw, XÆo¿ØSßfnepw,aÆnepw FØm-≥ klmbn°p∂p. asÆm-en∏pw, acphXvIcWhpwehWXzhpw XS-bp∂p. I≠¬°mSpIƒ \nd™ XÆo¿-ØS߃kp\mant]mep≈ hn]ØpIfn¬ \n∂pw c£ \¬-Ip∂p. sh≈s∏m°Øn¬\n∂pw ImSpIƒ Irjnÿeßtfbpw a\pjy-hmkßtfbpw c£n°p∂p.

imkv{X-KXn 7imkv{X-KXn 7

kkyßfptSbpw P¥p°fptSbpwhmkÿeamWv. Cu ssPhssh-hn-[yw h\ Ct°mhyqlßfpsS Btcm--KyØn\pw \nc¥camb {]h¿-Ø-\Øn\pw BhiyamWv.

BtKmf Im¿_¨ N{IØnepw,AXphgn BtKmf Xm]\ h¿[\-hnepw \nb{¥WØnepw ImSpIƒ°v{][m\ ]¶p≠v. temIØnse ssP-hob Im¿_¨ \n[nbpsS 50iXam\hpw ssPh ]nfiØns‚ 80iXam\hpw Im´n-emWv. temIØns‚Ic`qanbnse {]mY-anI DXv]∂Øns‚aq∂nsemcp `mKØnepw IqSpX¬Im´nemWv. Imemhÿm am‰sØXSbm≥ h\\ioIcWw \S∂ÿeßfn¬ ImSpIƒ hf¿Øp∂XvD]Icn°pw.

temIØnse ip≤PeØns‚ap°m¬`mKhpw ImSp \nd™ hrjvSn{]tZiØp \n∂mWv e`n°p∂Xv.h\hnkvXrXn Ipd™m¬ sh≈-Øns‚ ]cnip≤nbpw Ipdbpw. sh≈-s∏m°hpw, aebnSn®nepw, asÆm-en-∏pw D≠mhpw.

h\ßfpsS kw`cW tkh\ß-ƒ°v Imcyamb kmºØnI aqeyap≠v.{]Xnh¿jw 330 tImSn Iyq_n°v ao‰¿XSn (180 tImSn Iyq_n°v ao‰¿ hndIpwIcnbpw Dƒs∏sS)bpw \nch[n XSn-tbXc h\ DXv]∂ßfpw tImSn°W-°n\v a\pjy¿°v D]Icn°p∂p. ac-ØSnbptSbpw hndInt‚bpw a‰pht\Xc DXv]∂ßfptSbpw kmº-ØnI t\´Øn\pw D]cnbmWvImSns‚ kmaqlyhpw]mcnÿnXnIhpamb {]tbmP\߃.F∂m¬ CØcw Imcy߃IW°nseSp°pItb C√.

h\hn`hßtfmSv {KmaoWcmbkm[pP\ßfpsS IS∏mS vF S p Ø p ] d t b ≠ X m W v .D]Poh\Øn\pw AXnPoh\Øn\pw30 tImSn Zcn {Z -\mcm -bW∑m¿ImSpIsfbmWv B{ibn°p∂Xv.h\hmknIfmb 6 tImSnBZnhmknIfptSbpw \ne\n¬∏vImsS∂ Ct°mhyqlØns‚ Btcm-Ky-sØ Bkv]Zam°nbmWv. am\h-t£aØn¬, Zmcn{Zy \n¿am¿P\Øn¬,h\timjWhpw h\\ioIcWhpwhncp≤amb A\¥c^e߃ D≠m-°p∂p. h\߃ kmwkvImcnIhpwBflobhpw hnt\mZ]chpamb tkh-\߃ kaqlØn\v \¬Ip-∂p≠v.

h\߃ \jvSam°p∂Xn¬ t{]-cI i‡nbmbn {]h¿Øn°p∂XvkmºØnI, cmjv{Sob, ÿm]\_‘nbmb ImcW߃ F∂nhbpsS

kwbp‡ßfmWv. DjvWtaJemh\߃ \in°p∂Xns‚ {][m\t{]cIw Irjn°mbn ]pXnb \ne߃D≠m°p∂XmWv, XSnsh´¬, tdmUp-IfpsS hn]peoIcWw, ]pXnbtkh\ kwhn[m\߃ D≠m°¬F∂n-hbmWv.

hfscb[nIw h\taJeIƒ hnd-In\pw \mcpIƒ°pw th≠n \in∏n-°s∏Sp∂p.

2020˛-mw amt≠mSpIqSn Cu Bh-iyw ]Xn∑Sßv h¿[n°pw. CXns‚^etam IqSpX¬ IqSpX¬ πmt‚-j-\pIƒ D≠m°pIbmWv.

Hcp]mSv hnIkzc cmPy߃ h\-hn- hßsf hnIk\ {]h¿Ø\߃-°mbn th≠ coXnbn¬ {]tbmP\-s∏SpØp∂n√. ]W°mcpw kzm[o-\-ap≈ cmjv{Sob°mcpw h\hn`h-߃IøS°n hbv°p∂p. h\hn`h D]-tbmKØn¬ ]mhs∏´h¿°v Hcp ]¶pwe`n°p∂n√.

imizX h\]cn]me\w F∂ap{ZmhmIyw shdpw ap{ZmhmIywam{Xambn \n¬°pIbmWv. tZio-bhpwA¥¿tZiobhpamb \bw F∂\nebn¬, ]s£ AXv \S∏m°-s∏-Sp∂n√. temIØnse h\kº-Øns‚D∂a\Øn\mbn Cu \b߃{]tbmKØn¬ h∂n´n√.

temIØnse h\ßsfkw_-‘n® hnhc߃Xs∂ IpdhmWv. 2000¬FAO \SØnb GlobalForest Resources Assess-ment ImWn°p∂Xv 137hnIkzc cmPyßfn¬22-¬ am{XamWv hm¿jnIh\hnkvXrXnIW°pIƒ{]kn≤oIcn°p∂Xv.28 cmPy߃°v IWt°C√; 33 cmPy-߃°v`mKnIamb IW°m-Wp≈Xv. 34 cmPyß-ƒ°v 1990 \p tijap≈IWt° D≈q. 1990- \ptijw IW-s°Sp∏v]q¿Ønbm°nbXv 43cmPyßfmWv. ]ecmPyßfptSbpw IW°v10 sIm√w ]g°ap-≈XmWv; As√¶n¬A]q¿WamWv.

8 Pq¨ 2011

hIp∏ns‚ ssIhiw 9400 N.In.aoam{Xta D≈q. _m°nbp≈Xv πm-t‚-j≥ tIm¿∏tdj≥, dolm_nent-‰-j≥ πmt‚j≥, tÉv ^manMvtIm¿∏tdj≥ XpSßnb k¿°m¿ÿm]\߃°v ]m´Øn\p \¬In-bncn°p∂p. CXv FgpXnØ≈nb am-XncnbmWv. ImcWw AsXm∂pw h\-amb√ ssIImcyw sNbvXp hcp∂Xv.Nne kwc£nX taJeIfn¬ (\mj-W¬ ]m¿°v, kmMvNzdn) ]s≠-tß-m-h®p ]nSn∏n® tXm´ßfp≠v. bq°m-en, At°jy CXymZn DjvW-taJem\nXylcnX h\ßfn¬ Hcn°epw\Sm≥ ]mSn√mØ kv]ojnkpIƒ.CsXms° Ct∏mgpw πmt‚j\pIfm-bnØs∂bmWv ]cnKWn°s∏Sp∂Xv.tIcfØn¬ 1478 N.In.ao πmt‚-j\pIƒ BsIbp≠v. kwc£nX{]tZißfnse tXm´ßƒ shdptXhn´m¬ AhnSw Ime{ItaW ImSmbnamdpw. AXhnsS InSt∂ms´ F∂pIcpXnbm¬ aXnbt√m. AXn\vamt\P¿am¿ Xømd√.

tIcfØn¬ h\whIp∏ns‚B[p\nIhXvIcWhpw anI® ]cn-]me\hpw \SØm≥ th≠n HcpIΩn‰n ip]m¿iIƒ k¿°mcn\pCs°m√w ka¿∏n®ncn°p∂p. CXn¬]cnKWn®n´p≈ hnjb߃: ss\k-¿KnI h\]cn]me\w, tXm´w ]cn-]me\w, a\pjyhn`h ]cn]me\w,h\kwc£Ww, B[p\nI kmt¶-XnI hnZybpsS {]tbmKw BZnhmknhnIk\w, a‰p {][m\ {]iv\߃F∂nhbmWv. CXns‚ hniZmwi-ßfnte°v IS°p∂n√. ip]m¿iI-fpsS apJ°pdn∏n¬ \n∂v Hcp hmNIwam{Xw FSp°s´, ""h\kwc£-WØn\pth≠n {Iakam[\]me\hpw hnhn[ BIvSpIfpwdqfpIfpw _ew {]tbmKn®p\S∏m°epw F∂ X{¥w am‰n F√mKpWt`m‡m°fptSbpw kPoh

CSs]SeneqsSbp≈ ]¶mfn -Ø

h\]cn]me\w \S∏nem°m≥ h\w

hIp∏v Xocpam\n®n´p≠v'' \√Imcyw.

F∂m¬ CXv FgpXnbh¿ Hcn°¬

IqSn CXv hmbn®pthm F∂v

kwibamWv. P\]¶mfnØ h\]-cn-

]me\w aXn \nba߃ H∂pw th≠

F∂p Xocpam\n°m≥ h\w hIp∏v

aXntbm? FgpXnb ISem ns‚ hne-

t]mepw I¬∏n°mØ ip]m¿iIƒ

\¬Inbn v F¥p {]tbmP\w? temIw

AwKoIcn® h\w Hcp Ct°mhyqlwF∂p I≠psIm≠p≈ h\ ]cn]m-e-\-sØ∏‰n H∂pw ]dbp∂n√, ip]m-¿ibn¬. (Ct°mknÃw F∂ hm°v

F¥mWv C¥ybpsS ÿnXn?C¥ybpsS h\hnkvXrXn 7652

e£w slŒ¿ BWv. AXv aq∂mbnXcw Xncn®n´p≠v. dnsk¿hv sNø-s∏´Xv, kwc£n°s∏´Xv, h¿KoIcn-°mØXv F∂nßs\. C¥ybpsS{]Jym]nX e£yw 2012 Bhptºm-tgbv°pw `qhnkvXyXnbpsS 33%h\ambncn°Ww F∂mWv. tZiobh\\bw AXmWv ]d™n´p≈Xv.t^mdÃp k¿tΔ Hm^v C¥ybpsSG‰hpw HSphnesØ dnt∏m¿´p{]Imcw (2003) C¥ybv°v 678 e£wslIvS¿ h\tabp≈q. CXn¬Øs∂\n_nUh\w shdpw 1.5iXam\wBWp≈Xv. 2001 \pw 2003 \pw CS-bv°v C¥ybv°p \jvSs∏´ h\hn-kvXrXn 26000 N.In.ao‰dm-bn-cp∂p.2005˛ -¬ t\cn -sbm-cp hnkvXrXnIqSnbn´p≠v.

C¥y h\]cnc£WØn\v hfsci‡amb \nba\S]SnIƒ FSpØn-´p≠v. tPmbn‚ v t^mdÃv amt\Pvsa‚ v(JFM), ]¶mfnØ h\]cn]me\wF∂nh P\ßfpsS ]¶mfnØwh\]cn]me\Øn¬ Dd∏phcpØm≥]pXnb \o°ßƒ D≠m°n F∂Xphnkvacn°p∂n√. F¶nepw e`yambhnhc߃ henb {]Xo£bv°p hI\¬Ip∂n√. ta¬∏d™ c≠p X{¥-߃°pw [mcmfw IpdhpIfp≠v.DZmlcWØn\v ]cnlmc h\hXvI-cW {ia߃ th≠{X hnPbn®n√˛]Wan√mØXpsIm≠v. h\]cn-]m-e-\Øn\v \nch[n am‰ßƒ kw`hn-®n´p≠v. A[nImcw sIm≠pw \nb{¥-W߃ sIm≠pw am{Xw hnPbI-cambn h\]cn]me\w km[yamhp-Ibn√ F∂v a\ nembn°gn™p._Z¬ kwhn[m\߃, {]tXyIn®vkmºØnI am¿K߃ {]tbmKn-°m-sa∂ tXm∂ep≠mbn´p≠v. Bhiy-Øn\p ]Wan√. ]cnÿnXn-h\w hIp-∏ns‚ samØw _UvP‰ns‚ 1iXam\w am{XamWv h\]cn]me-\Øn\v \o°n-h®n´p≈Xv. h\ß-fpsS Ct°mknÃw tkh\߃°v

kmºØnI aqeyw sImSpØpsIm≠v

h\kwc£Whpw imizX hnIk-

\hpw i‡ns∏Sp-Øm-\m-hpsa∂mWv

]pXnb Nn¥mKXn, Ct°mknÃw

tkh\߃°v am¿°‰v D≠m°pI-

bmWv e£yw. tkh\߃ hn¬°p-

Itbm? CXnte°v ]n∂oSv hcmw.

tIcfØnse h\ßtfm?2009 -se IW°pIƒ A\pkcn®v

tIcfØn¬11309 N.In.ao h\ap≠vv.tcJIfn¬ C{Xbps≠¶nepw h\w

2009 -se IW°pIƒA\pkcn®vtIcfØn¬11309 N.In.aoh\ap≠vv. tcJIfn¬C{Xbps≠¶nepw h\whIp∏ns‚ ssIhiw9400 N.In.ao am{XtaD≈q. _m°nbp≈Xv πm-t‚-j≥ tIm¿∏tdj≥,dolm_nent-‰-j≥πmt‚j≥, tÉv ^manMvtIm¿∏tdj≥ XpSßnbk¿°m¿ ÿm]\-߃°v ]m´Øn\p\¬In-bncn°p∂p.CXv FgpXnØ≈nbam-XncnbmWv. ImcWwAsXm∂pw h\-amb√ssIImcyw sNbvXphcp∂Xv.

imkv{X-KXn 9

D]tbmKn®n´p≠v dnt∏m¿´n¬).ChnsS D≈Xv h\w amt\Ppsa‚√h\w `cWamWv F∂ Xncn®dn-sh-¶nepw th≠s∏´h¿°p≠mhWw.

Ct∏mƒ F√m N¿®Ifpw h\ab-ØnemWt√m. {]tXyIn®pw A¥m-cmjv{S ssPhsshhn[y Zn\mNcWw,temI ]cnkcZn\w, A¥mcmjv{Sh\h¿jw F∂nßs\bp≈ F√mBNcWßfnepw h\amWv apJy-hnjbw. sFIycmjv{S kwLS\h\sØ hnSmsX ]nSn®ncn°bmWv.AXpsIm≠pXs∂ kzev]w ChntS-bpw hnfºs´.

h\w GXmbmepw, FhnsSbm-bmepw kkyP¥pPmeßfpsSBhmkamWv, `qanbnse `qcn]£wIcPohnIƒ Im´nemWv. AXpsIm-≠p-Xs∂ Bhiy°m¿ A[nIamWv.AXn\m¬ h\߃ hnIk\ kvt\-lnIfpsS `ojWnbnem-Wp-Xm\pw.h\ssPhsshhn[yw BWv Nn¥mhn-jbw. AXv h\Øn¬-°mWp∂ kI-eam\ PohPmeßtfbpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂p. F∂p h®m¬ ImsS∂m¬ ac-ßfpsS shdpw Iq´a√ F∂pkmcw.CXv Hcp ]t£ \ΩpsS h\]cn-]me\ hIp∏n\v ]pXnsbmcdn-hm-bncn°pw; Ahcpw ssPhsshhn[ywFs∂ms° ]d™pXpSßnbn-´ps≠-¶nepw.

F¥mWv {]iv\w? `qapJØp\n∂pw BZnh\ßfpsS 45 iXam\wA{]Xy£ambn Ign™p. Ct∏mƒ{]Xnh¿jw 1.3 tImSn slIvS¿ h\-amWv sh´n \in∏n®psIm≠n-cn°p-∂Xv. 2000-˛2005 ImeØv am{Xw 7.3tImSn slIvS¿ C√mXmbn.

AXpsIms≠¥m? Ign™ Ime-ßfn¬ ImSns‚ tPmen XSnbpXv-]mZn∏n°¬ am{XamsW∂m-bncp∂-t√m [mcW. F∂ment∏mƒ B[mcW amdn hcp∂p≠v. ImSn\vthsdbpw tPmenIfps≠∂v. h\-Øns‚ tkh\߃°v {]m[m\ywD≠mbncn°p∂p. a\pjys‚ Btcm-Kyw, hnt\mZw, t£aw, ssPhssh-hn[yw, Imemhÿm am‰sØ \nb-{¥n°¬ F∂o Imcyßfn¬ ImSn\vImcyap≠v. Chsbms° Dƒs°m≠p-sIm≠pthWw h\w ]cn]men°m≥F∂mbn´p≠v. CXns\√mw ImXembn{]h¿Øn°p∂Xv ssPhsshhn[ywF∂ {]Xn`mkamsW∂pw Xncn®dnhp-≠mbn.

F¥mWp sNtø≠Xv? ssPh-sshhn[y DSºSn h\ssPhssh-hn[yhpambn t\cn´p _‘s∏´{]h¿Ø\ ]cn]mSn°v Du∂¬

\¬Ip∂p≠v. Cu sshhn[ysØ]cnc£n°m≥ ]‰nb X{¥ßfmWv]cn]mSnbn¬ apJyw. ]cnc£W-sa-∂m-¬ kwc£Whpw imizX D]-t`mKhpw ASßnbXmWt√m. h\-P\nXI hn`hßfpsS D]tbmKØn¬\n∂pw e`n°p∂ t\´ßƒ \oXn]q-¿hambpw XpeyXtbmsSbpw ]¶nSW-sa∂ XXzw A\z¿∞amWv. h\\io-IcWw Ipdbv°pItbm, XSbpItbmF∂Xv A¥co£Ønte°v hnk¿-Pn°s∏Sp∂ Im¿_ -UtbmIvssk-Uns‚ BLmXsØ \nb{¥n°pIF∂Xpambn _‘s∏´ncn°p∂p.BIbm¬ h\\ioIcWw XSbpItbam¿Kaq≈q F∂v \njv]£aXnIƒ]dbp∂p. F¶nepw kº∂ cmjv{S-߃-°n\nbpw AXv apgph≥Zln®n´n√ F∂Xpw CØcpWØn¬]dbmsXhø.

ImSns\∏‰n Hm¿an°m≥ C\nbp-ap≠v Imcy߃. C°gn™s^{_phcn amkØn¬ \mw as‰mcpZn\w BNcn®pht√m "temI\o¿ØSZn\w'. At∏mƒ ImSpw \o¿ØSßfpwsh≈hpw a\pjy\pw Hs° Bbp≈_‘sØ∏‰n ]d™pht√m. `qan-bn¬ Bdn¬ Hcmƒ°v ip≤Pew In´p-∂n√ F∂pw ]d™p ImWpw. Nne]T\߃ ]dbp∂Xv 2025 Bhp-tºmƒ 180 tImSn BfpIƒ Pohn°p-∂Xv H´pw sh≈w e`ya√mØ{]tZißfnembncn°pw F∂pw]d™p ImWpw. Ct∏mƒØs∂BtKmf P\kwJybn¬ 80 iXam\wt]cpw Pe Zmcn{Zy {]tZißfnemWvPohn°p∂Xv.

sh≈hpw ImSpambn _‘ap-s≠∂v A∂p ]d™Xv H∂pIqSn

h\-Øns‚tkh\߃°v{]m[m\ywD≠mbncn°p∂p.a\pjys‚ Btcm-Kyw,hnt\mZw, t£aw,ssPhssh-hn[yw,Imemhÿm am‰sØ\nb-{¥n°¬ F∂oImcyßfn¬ ImSn\vImcyap≠v. Chsbms°Dƒs°m≠p-sIm≠pthWw h\w]cn]men°m≥F∂mbn´p≠v.CXns\√mw ImXembn{]h¿Øn°p∂XvssPhsshhn[yw F∂{]Xn`mkamsW∂pwXncn®dnhp-≠mbn.

10 Pq¨ 201110 Pq¨ 2011

Hm¿as∏SpØs´. XÆo¿ØSßfn¬sh≈w \ne\n¬°m≥ ImSpIfpsSklmbw thWw; PeN{Iw ]q¿ØoI-cn°m≥. ImSpIƒ sh≈w \ZnIfnepw,XÆo¿ØSßfnepw, aÆnepw FØm-≥ klmbn°p∂p. asÆm-en∏pw,acphXvIcWhpw ehWXzhpw XS-bp∂p. I≠¬°mSpIƒ \nd™XÆo¿-ØS߃ kp\mant]mep≈hn]ØpIfn¬ \n∂pw c£ \¬-Ip∂p. sh≈s∏m°Øn¬ \n∂pwImSpIƒ Irjnÿeßtfbpw a\pjy-hmkßtfbpw c£n°p∂p.

]WØns‚ `mjbn¬ tIƒt°-≠h¿ AdnbpI˛DjvWtaJemh\߃ \¬Ip∂ Pe_‘nbmbtkh\߃ {]Xnh¿jw slIvSdn\vaqt∂Im¬e£w cq] aXn°p∂XmWv;CXv XSn hn¬∏\, hnt\mZk©mcw,Im¿_¨ tiJcw F∂nhbpsShnebnepw F{Xtbm A[nIamWv.CsXms°-bmbn´pw h\amWva\pjys‚ B¿Øn°phnt[bambn`ojWn t\cnSp∂Xv. CtXm¿°pIh√t∏mgp-a√, F√mbvt]mgpw.

h\kwc£WØn\v ]pXnbkmºØnI D]IcW߃ {]tbmKn-°Wsa∂ hmZhpambn thƒUvssh¬Uv sse^v ^≠v (WWF)

C¥ybn¬ Cdßnbn´p≠v. temI_m-¶ns‚ klmbtØmsS sU¬lnbn-ep≈ C≥Ãn‰yq v Hm v C°tWmanIvt{KmØpambn tN¿∂mWv Cu {iaw.h\kwc£WØn\v ]Ww thWsa-¶n¬ h\w F∂ Ct°mhyqlw{]Zm\w sNøp∂ tkh\߃ hn¬-°pI, As√¶n¬ tkh\߃ ]Ww

sImSpØv D]tbmKn°pI F∂XmWvCu C≥kv{Sqsa‚ v. Cu ]d™tkh\-߃ GsXms°bmWv?

k÷oIcW tkh\߃:˛

`£Ww, sh≈w, \mcpIƒ

\nb{¥W tkh\߃ -Imemhÿm \nb{¥Ww,sh≈s∏m° \nb{¥Ww,tcmK \nb{¥Ww, amen\ykwkvIcWw, Peip≤o-I-cWw

kmwkvImcnI tkh\߃ -hnt\mZw, kuμcymkzmZ\w

aÆpXv]mZ\w, {]`mk¶e\w,t]mjI Nw{IaWw.

Cu tkh\߃ kuP\yamsW-∂m-Wt√m hnizmkw, AXpsIm≠p-Xs∂ AhbpsS kmºØnI {][m-\yw \mw ad°p∂p, As√¶n¬ Xmgv-Øn-°mWp∂p. AXmWt√m h\-ßsf \njvIcpWw sh´n \in∏n-°p∂Xv. AXpImcWw qanbnse CS-Xq¿∂ h\߃ t]mepw C√mXm-Ip∂p.

Fßs\bmWv Cu tkh\ßsfN¥bn¬ hn‰gn°pI? Ct∏mƒØs∂C¥ybn¬ hn¬∏\ \S°p∂p≠t√m.{]thi\ ^okv, Ft°mte_enßv,k¿´n^nt°j≥, s\‰v {]sk‚ vhmeyq, Ct°mtfmPn°¬ hmeyqSmIvkv XpSßnbh.

]pXnb ]cn]mSnbpsS hIvXm°ƒ]dbp∂p. tkh\߃°v am¿°‰vD≠m-°m≥ aq∂p {][m\ t{]cI-ß-fp≠v.

B⁄bpw \nb{¥WhpwF∂ kwc£W \bØn¬\n∂pw amdn D]tbmK ^okv,Ct°m SmIvkv F∂o ItºmfD]m[nIƒ kzoIcn°pI.

h\ Ct°mhyql tkh\ßsfhnebncpØm\p≈ sa®s∏´Ignhp-≠m°pI.

s]mXp ÿm]\ßfpw, kzIm-cy-hy-‡nIfpw D]t`m‡m-°fpw Ah-cpsS ]mcnÿnXnI_m≤yXbn¬ t{]cnXcmbnAwKoImcw \¬Ipw.

CsXms°bmWv ]pXnb ]co£-WØns‚ \ymb߃ Cu t{]mP-Iv‰ns‚ KXnhnKXnIsf \ap°p \nco-£n°mw. ew F¥mIpsa∂v ImØn-cp∂p ImWmw. BtKmfhXvIc-WØnt‚bpw ]pØ≥ kmºØnI-\b-ßfptSbpw Bio¿hmZw CXn\p-s≠∂Xv Hm¿ahbv°pIbpw th-Ww.

s]bn‚nMv: H≥dn dqt m

]WØns‚ `mjbn¬tIƒt°-≠h¿AdnbpI˛DjvWtaJemh\߃ \¬Ip∂Pe_‘nbmbtkh\߃ {]Xnh¿jwslIvSdn\vaqt∂Im¬e£w cq]aXn°p∂XmWv; CXvXSn hn¬∏\,hnt\mZk©mcw,Im¿_¨ tiJcwF∂nhbpsS hnebnepwF{Xtbm A[nIamWv.CsXms°-bmbn´pwh\amWv a\pjys‚B¿Øn°phnt[bambn`ojWn t\cnSp∂Xv.CtXm¿°pI h√t∏mgp-a√, F√mbvt]mgpw.

imkv{X-KXn 1111

Ih¿tÃmdntUm. sI.]n. Hutk∏v

]´mfsØ G¬∏n°m≥ am{Xw\n mcImcya√ bp≤w

tPm¿÷v Ivsfam≥tkm

2011˛s\ h\h¿jambn BNcn-

°m≥ sFIycmjv{S kwLS\ Blzm-

\w sNbvXncn°pIbmWv. 1861˛s\

C¥y-bn¬ imkv{Xob h\]cn-]me-

\Øns‚ XpS°h¿-jambn IW°m-

°p∂p. Aßs\sb¶n¬ imkv{Xob

h\]cn]me\Øns‚ 150˛mw hm¿-

jnIw IqSnbmWv \ap°v Cu h¿jw.

F¥mhiyØn\pw sh®pam‰w

sNømhp∂ Hcp {]IrXn hn`hamWv

h\߃ F∂ [mcW amt‰≠-Ime-ambn. Hmtcmtcm ImeØpw h\ßsf

h\kwc£Ww

tIcfØn¬˛sh√phnfnIƒ

]e Bhiy߃°mbn D]tbmKn-®ncp∂ Hcp ]mcºcyamWv a\pjy-cminbptSXv. XSnbpsS t{kmX v F∂\nebn¬ \n∂pw h\Øns‚ ]mcn-ÿn-XnI tkh\߃°v (Ecosystem Ser-vices) th≠nam{Xw AXv kwc£n-°-s∏SWw F∂ ImgvN∏mSv i‡n{]m-]n®p-hcp∂p≠v. \nehnep≈ h\-]cnNcW coXnIƒ Cu ]pXnbe£y߃ t\Sm≥ ]cym]vXamtWm?kwibamWv. h\]cnNcW coXnbpsSam‰w N¿® sNøs∏tS≠XmWv. AXn-\p≈ ]›mØe hnhcßfmWv CuteJ\Øn¬. h\߃ F∂ {]IrXnhn`hØns‚ hym]vXn, Hmtcm Ime-Øpw h\]cnNcWØn\v ASnÿm-\ambncp∂ k¿°m¿ \b߃. Ct∏m-

gsØ h\]cnNcW ]cn]mSnIƒ,h\]cnNcWw t\cnSp∂ ojWnIƒF∂nhsb∏‰n Hcp GItZi hnhcwe`n®m¬ am{Xta Cu hnjbØn¬Hcp N¿® km[yamIq.

tIcfØnse h\hn`hØns‚hym]vXn

e`yamb G‰hpw ]pXnb IW-°p-Iƒ (2009˛teXv) A\pkcn®v tIcf-Øn¬ 11309 N.In.ao. h\ap≠v. tcJ-Ifn¬ C{Xbpw h\aps≠¶nepw h\whIp∏ns‚ ssIhiw 9400 N.In.ao-‰tdbp≈q. _m°nbp≈Xv πmt‚j≥tIm¿∏tdj≥, dnlm_nent‰j≥πmt‚j≥, tÉv manwMv tIm¿∏-td-j≥ XpSßnb k¿°m¿ ÿm]\-

t\m¿a≥ tabdpsS h¿KoIcW-{]Imcw temIØnse 34ssPhssh-hn[y Iehd Ifn¬H∂mWv tIcfØnse h\߃Dƒs∏Sp∂]›naL´ae\ncIƒ.4500˛¬]cw k]pjv]nIfmbkkyßfmWv ChnsSImWp∂Xv. tIcfh\KthjW ÿm-]-\Øns‚]T\{]Imcw Cu h\-ßfn¬145˛Hmfw C\w kkvX\nIƒImWs∏Sp∂p. AXn¬Øs∂14 C\w ChnsS am{XwImWs∏Sp∂hbmWv. ChnsSImWs∏Sp∂ 164 C\w]£nIfn¬ 16 C\hpwDcKßfn¬ 93 C\hpw ChnsSam{Xw ImWs∏-Sp∂hbmWv.196 C\w ip≤Pea¬-kyßsfbmWv ChnsSImWp∂Xv.

12 Pq¨ 2011

߃°v ]m´Øn\v \¬Inbncn°p-∂Xpw a‰pamWv. \nba kw_‘nbmbCu h\ßsf Xmsg∏dbpw {]ImcwXncn°mw (]´nI 1).

{]kvXpX h\ßfnse kkyt{i-WnbpsS C\w A\pkcn®v h\ßsf]´nI 2˛¬ ImWn®ncn°p∂ {]Imcwh¿KoIcn°mw

`qhn\ntbmK coXn A\pkcn®vh\hnkvXrXnsb as‰mcp coXnbnepwh¿KoIcn°mdp≠v. AXv ]´nI 3˛¬ImWn®ncn°pw hn[amWv.

ssPhsshhn[ywt\m¿a≥ tabdpsS h¿KoIcW-

{]Imcw temIØnse 34 ssPhssh-hn[y Iehd (Hotspot) Ifn¬ H∂mWvtIcfØnse h\߃ Dƒs∏Sp∂]›naL´ae\ncIƒ. 4500˛¬]cwk]pjv]nIfmb kkyßfmWv ChnsSImWp∂Xv. tIcf h\KthjW ÿm-]-\Øns‚ ]T\{]Imcw Cu h\-ßfn¬ 145˛Hmfw C\w kkvX\nIƒImWs∏Sp∂p. AXn¬Øs∂ 14 C\wChnsS am{Xw ImWs∏Sp∂hbmWv.ChnsS ImWs∏Sp∂ 164 C\w]£nIfn¬ 16 C\hpw DcKßfn¬ 93C\hpw ChnsS am{Xw ImWs∏-Sp∂hbmWv. 196 C\w ip≤Pea¬-kyßsfbmWv ChnsS ImWp∂Xv.Npcp°Øn¬ kwÿm\Øns‚hen∏w sh®pt\m°ptºmƒ ChnSp-sØ ssPhsshhn[yw hfsc hep-XmWv. h\yPohnIƒ°pw ssPhssh-hn[yØn\pw {]tXyI ]cnc£\¬Ip∂Xn\mbn Nne h\ mKßsfkwc£nXtaJeIfmbn {]Jym]n®v]cn]men®p hcp∂p. \mjW¬ ]m¿-°pIfpw h\yPohn kt¶XßfpamWvCu kwc£nX taJeIƒ. 5 \mj-W¬ ]m¿°pIfpw 17 h\yPohn kwc-£WtI{μßfpamWv C∂v tIcf-Øn¬ D≈Xv. Hcp IΩyqWn‰ndnk¿hpw D≠v. CXv F√mw tN¿ØvBsI hnkvXo¿Ww 3213 N.In.ao.BWv. BsI h\hnkvXrXnbpsS 28iXam\w hcpanXv.

tXm´ßƒsamØw h\hnkvXrXnbpsS 13%

AXmbXv 1477 N.In.ao. hnhn[bn\wh\hr£ßfpsS tXm´ßfmWv.33˛Hmfw C\w hr£ßfpsS tXm´ßƒD≠v F¶nepw G‰hpw {][m\s∏´Xv.BsI tXm´ hnkvXrXnbpsS 60 %hcp∂ tX°v BWv. At°jy (7%),bq°men (4%), apf (3%), Iipamhv (2%)F∂nhbptSXmWv a‰v {][m\ tXm´-߃. hnhn[ Imeßfnse hyhkmbhf¿®bv°pth≠n AkwkvIrXhkvXp°ƒ \¬IpI F∂ Dt±iy-tØmsS h®p]nSn∏n®hbmWv CutXm´ßƒ. tIcfØns‚ samØw XSnBhiyßfpsS 5% am{Xta h\ßfn¬\n∂pw e`n°p∂p≈q F∂mWvIW°v. h\whIp∏ns‚ hm¿jnIhcpam\w 2010˛11 ¬ 274 tImSn cq]bm-bncp∂p. CXn¬ 92% Dw XSn hnev]\-bn¬ \n∂pw e`n®XmWv.

]´nI 3

tIcfØnse h\߃˛`qhn\ntbmK coXn

{I.\ h\Øns‚ `qhn\ntbmK coXn hnkvXo¿Ww BsIbp≈Xns‚

N.In.ao. iXam\w

1. kzm`mhnI h\߃ 8772 77.57

2. h\tXm´ßƒ 1478 13.06

3. ]m´w 649 5.74

4. h\kwc£W \nbaw A\pkcn®v

ht\Xc Bhiy߃°v \¬Inbncn°p∂Xv 410 3.63

BsI 11309 100

]´nI 2

tIcfØnse h\߃˛hnhn[ Xc߃

{I.\. h\Øns‚ C\w hnkvXo¿Ww BsIbp≈Xns‚

(Nn.In.ao.) iXam\w

1. \nXylcnX,A¿[\nXylcnX h\߃ 3878 34.29

2. B¿{ZCes]mgnbpw ImSpIƒ 3616 31.97

3. hc≠ Ces]mgnbpw ImSpIƒ 391 3.46

4. tNmeh\߃ 386 3.42

5. h\tXm´ßƒ 1477 13.06

6. ]p¬taSpIƒ 501 4.43

7. a‰n\w 1060 9.37

BsI 11309 100

]´nI 1

tIcfØnse h\߃˛\nba]camb ]Zhn

{I.\ h\Øns‚ \nba]camb ]Zhn hnkvXo¿Ww BsI D≈Xns‚

(N.In.ao.) iXam\w

1. dnk¿hv 9107 80.53

2. \n£n]vX h\w 1838 16.25

3. s{]mt∏mkvUv dnk¿hv 364 3.22

BsI 11309 100

imkv{X-KXn 13

]dºp]pcbnSßfnsehr£ßƒ

tIcfØns‚ XSn BhiyßfpsS5 iXam\w am{Xta h\ßfn¬ \n∂pe`n°p∂p≈q F∂v {]kvXmhn®t√m._m°n ]dºp]pcbnSßfn¬ \n∂pwCd°paXnbn¬ \n∂pamWv e`n°p-∂Xv. tIcfØnse ]´WßfnseL\ac BhiyØns‚ 50 iXam-\hpwe`n°p∂Xv ]pdw cmPyßfn¬\n∂p≈ Cd°paXnbn¬ \n∂msW∂vCu teJIs‚ Hcp ]T\ØneqsSIs≠Ønbn´p≠v. \ΩpsS Bhiyß-ƒ°p≈ XSn kwÿm\Øn\IØp-\n∂pXs∂ Is≠Øn tIcfsØL\acØns‚ ImcyØn¬ kzbw]cym]vXamt°≠Xv `mhnbn¬h\sØ kwc£n°m\p≈ HcpD]m[nIqSnbmWv.

I≠¬°mSpIƒ, ImhpIƒ,kap{Zw

]cnÿnXn kwXpe\Øn\vI≠¬°mSpIƒ, ImhpIƒ, kap{ZwF∂nhbpsS kwc£Whpw AXy¥m-t]£nXamWv. tIcfØn¬ 1700slIvStdmfw I≠¬°mSpItftijn°p∂p≈q F∂v IW°m°p∂p.sNdpXpw hepXpambn BbnctØmfwImhpIƒ D≠v tIcfØn¬. 5 sk‚n¬IqSpX¬ hnkvXo¿Wap≈hbpsSFÆw 400 hcpw. tIcf XocsØISense ssPhsshhn[yw kwc-£Ww {i≤ A¿ln°p∂ as‰mcptaJe-bmWv.

h\hn`hßsf ]cn]men°p∂Xvk¿°mcns‚ \b߃°v A\pkcn-®mWv. B \b߃ GsX√mamsW∂vt\m°mw.

h\\b߃Hcp {]tXyI Dt±ikm[yØn\mbn

k¿°m¿ ]pds∏Sphn°p∂ \btcJ-Iƒ, D≠m°p∂ \nba߃, ]pds∏-Sphn°p∂ DØchpIƒ, a‰p {]Jym]-\߃ F∂nhsb kqNn∏n-°p∂ Hcps]mXp]ZamWv k¿°m¿ \bwAYhm s]mXp\bw. Aßs\ t\m°p-tºmƒ k¿°m¿ ÿm]\߃sNøp∂Xv Ft¥m AXmWv k¿°m¿\bw F∂v hnZKv[¿ ]d™Xv F√mA¿YØnepw icnbmsW∂v ImWmw.

Hcp {]tZisØ cmjv{Sob, kmº-ØnI, P\kwJy, kmaqly˛-kmº-ØnI ÿnXn, hyhkmb߃, Imeh-ÿ F∂nhsb√mw AhnSsØ h\-\b-cq]oIcWsØ kzm[o\n°mdp≠v.tIcfhpw C°mcyØn¬ hyXykvX-ambncp∂n√. Ign™ 200 h¿jsØh\\bßfpsS ]cnWmaw ]cntim[n-

®m¬ CXp t_m[yamIpw.

{_n´ojv C¥ybnse 1894˛se h\-\bhpw kzX{¥ C¥ybnse BZy-sØ h\\bamb 1952˛se h\\bhpw1988˛se tZiob h\\bhpw tIcf-Ønse h\hnIk\ {]h¿Ø\-ßtfbpw h\kwc£WtØbpwkzm[o\n®n´p≠v.

{_n´ojv `cWImeØv km{am-PyØns‚ I®hSXm¬]cy߃°pwXSn Bhiy߃°pw th≠nbm-bncp∂p h\]cn]me\w F¶n¬kzX{¥ C¥ybpsS hymhkmbnIhf¿®bv°pth≠ AkwkvIrXhkvXp -hmb ]ƒ]pac߃hf¿Øm\p≈ `qanbmbn h\sØD]tbmKn°pI F∂Xmbncp∂pIgn™ \q‰m≠ns‚ Fgp]XpIfpsSAhkm\whsc h\-\bw. 1960˛Ifnsebq°men-tXm´-ßfpw 70˛80 IfpsSBZy]IpXn hscbp≈ kmaqlyh\hXvIcWhpw B \bßfpsS_m°n]{XßfmWv. F -]XpIfpsSc≠mw]IpXnbnse ]cnÿnXnk¥pe\ N¿®IfneqsS hnIkn®h\\bw sXmÆqdpIfnse\ne\n¬]ns‚ hnIk\w, h\m{inXkaqlßfpsS Pohk‘mcWw F∂oNn¥mkcWnIfneqsS hf¿∂vBtKmfXm]\Øn\v acamWv adp]Sn,F∂nSØv FØn \n¬°pI-bmWn∂v.ImeØns‚ Bhiy߃-°\pkcn®v\b߃ C\nbpw amdpsa∂pw{]Xo£n°mw.

Hcp ]t£ km{amPytamlnIfpsSh\\bw "h\Øn\p kz¥ambn \ne-\n¬°p∂Xn\v AhImian√ AXva‰mhiy߃°v D]tbmKnt°≠ Hcphn`hamWv' F∂Xmbncp∂p F∂p-]dbmw. CXn¬ \n∂v hyXykvXambnh\߃ Hcp {]tZiØns‚ \ne\n-¬∏n\pw kpÿnchnIk\Øn\pw HcpAhiyLSIamWv F∂pw h\߃\¬Ip∂ "Ft°mfPn°¬ k¿ho-kkv' Xs∂bmWv h\w kwc£nt°-≠Xns‚ Bhiysa∂pw F∂ coXn-bnep≈ Hcp Nn¥ BZyambn hcp-∂Xv 1988˛se tZiob h\\b-ØnemWv.

C¥y≥ cWLS\bn¬ h\߃concurrent list-¬s∏Sp∂ Hcp hnjb-amWv. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ h\]cn-]me\Øn\v tI{μk¿°mcns‚\b߃°mbncn°pw ap≥KW\.F∂ncp∂mepw tI{μ\b߃°phncp≤amImØhn[w kz¥ambn \b-߃ D≠m°n \S∏m°m≥ kwÿm\-k¿°mcn\v A[nImcap≠v. h\]cn-]me\Øn\mbn 35˛Hmfw \nb-aßfpw

samØwh\hnkvXrXnbpsS 13%AXmbXv 1477 N.In.ao.hnhn[bn\wh\hr£ßfpsStXm´ßfmWv. 33˛HmfwC\w hr£ßfpsStXm´ßƒ D≠v F¶nepwG‰hpw {][m\s∏´Xv.BsI tXm´hnkvXrXnbpsS 60 %hcp∂ tX°v BWv.At°jy (7%), bq°men(4%), apf (3%), Iipamhv(2%) F∂nhbptSXmWva‰v {][m\ tXm -߃.hnhn[ Imeßfnsehyhkmbhf¿®bv°pth≠nAkwkvIrXhkvXp°ƒ \¬IpIF∂ Dt±iy-tØmsSh®p]nSn∏n®hbmWv CutXm´ßƒ. tIcfØns‚samØw XSnBhiyßfpsS 5%am{Xta h\ßfn¬\n∂pw e`n°p∂p≈qF∂mWv IW°v.h\whIp∏ns‚ hm¿jnIhcpam\w 2010˛11 ¬ 274tImSn cq]bm-bncp∂p.CXn¬ 92% Dw XSnhnev]\-bn¬ \n∂pwe`n®XmWv.

14 Pq¨ 2011

N´ßfpw tI{μ˛-kw-ÿm\ k¿°m-cpIƒ D≠m°nbn´p≠v. 1987˛emWvBZyambn kwÿm\Øn\v kz¥ambHcp h\\bw D≠mbXv (Pn.H (Fw.-Fkv) 1/87 XobXn 01.01.1987). h\]cn-]me\Øn\p≈ am¿KtcJIƒ F∂t]cn¬ 1998˛¬ as‰mcp DØchpwtIcf k¿°mcnt‚Xmbp≠v (Pn.H(Fw.Fkv) \º¿ 3/98 (h\w˛-h\y-Pohn) XobXn 07.01.1998).

02.05.2009˛¬ k¿°m¿ DØchv\º¿ (]n) 20˛Bbn ]pds∏Sp-hn®-XmWv tIcf k¿°mcns‚ G‰hpw]pXnb h\\bw. CXns‚ ap≥Kman-Ifn¬ \n∂pw hyXykvXambn s]mXp-P\-ßfpw h\kwc£WØn¬ XXv]-ccmb At\Iw kwLS\Ifpw, hy‡n-Ifpw Cu ]pXnb h\\b-Øns‚cq]oIcWØn¬ klIcn®ncp∂pF∂Xv CXns‚ {]tXyIXbmWv.

G‰hpw HSphn¬ Pn.H. (Fw.Fkv)-\º¿ 22/2010 (h\w) XobXn 21˛05.2010{]Imcw h\whIp∏ns‚ B[p\nI-hXvIcWØn\p≈ \n¿t±i߃ka¿∏n°p∂Xn\mbn {io. ‰n.Fw.at\mlc≥, {]n≥kn∏¬ No^vt^mdÃv I¨k¿th‰¿ sNb¿am-\mbpw, Xangv\m´nse dn´tb¿Uv{]n≥kn∏¬ No^v t^mdÃv I¨k¿-th‰¿ Bbncp∂ {io. {io[c≥, {io.F≥. tKm]n\mY≥, AUojW¬{]n≥kn∏¬ No^v t^mdÃv I¨k¿-th‰¿, tIcf, s{]m^k¿ Ip™n-IrjvW≥ (tIcf bqWnthgvkn‰n)F∂nh¿ AwKßfmbpw k¿°m¿ HcphnZKv[ IΩn‰nsb \nban®n´p≠v.Xmsg∏dbp∂ taJeIfn¬ hIp∏ns‚

B [ p \ n I h X v I c W Ø n \ p ≈ip]m¿iIƒ ka¿∏n°m\mWv CuhnZKv[ kanXntbmSv \n¿t±in®n-´p≈Xv.

Imcy£aamb h\kwc-£W-Øn\pw ]cn]me\Øn\pw B[p-\nI kmt¶XnI hnZyIfpsSD]tbmKw.

h\kwc£Wtk\bpsS hn\ym-kw, hm¿Ømhn\nabw, Bbp[-ß-ƒ XpSßnbh.

h\kwc£W tk\bpsS Imcy-£aX h¿[n∏n°m≥ A[nIambnD≠mt°≠ ASnÿm\ kuIcy-߃.

]pXnb {]iv\ßsf t\cnSp∂Xn\vam\hhn`h tijn hnIkn∏nt°-≠coXn.

Imemhÿm hyXnbm\w XpSßnbImcyßfn¬ h\߃°p≈ ]¶va\ nem°n h\whIp∏ns‚DØchmZnØßfn¬ am‰w hcp-tØ≠Xp kw_‘n®v.

apIfn¬ ]d™ e£y߃\ndth‰p∂Xn\v as‰s¥¶nepw\n¿t±in°m\ps≠¶n¬ BbXpw.

Cu IΩoj≥ tIcfØn¬ hnhn[ÿeßfnembn ktΩfn®v CuhnjbØn¬ XmXv]cyap≈ hnhn[XeØnep≈ P\hn`mKßfn¬\n∂pw, hy‡nIfn¬\n∂pw, kwLS-\Ifn¬\n∂pw sXfnshSp∏v \SØnip]m¿iIƒ t{ImUoIcn®v 2011 tabvamkw k¿°mcn\v ip]m¿iIƒ\¬Inbn´p≠v. Cu ip]m¿iIfn-t∑ep≈ k¿°mcns‚ DØchv GXpkabhpw hcmw.

kwÿm\sØ h\-ßsfA©p sSdnt´mdnb¬h\w k¿-°nfp-Ifmbpw,Hmtcm k¿°nfn-t\bpwhnhn[ sSdnt´mdnb¬h\w Unhnj-\pIfmbpwhn`Pn®n´p≠v.tIcfØn¬ BsI 24sSdnt´mdnb¬ h\wUnhnj-\pIfmWp≈Xv.sSdnt´mdnb¬ h\wUnhnj\pIsf IqSmsXNne {]tXyIZuXy߃°mbncq]oIcn®n´p≈Unhnj\pIfpap≠v.

imkv{X-KXn 15

h\\b߃ \S∏m°p∂X vh\whIp∏ns‚ `cWw h\w

Unhnj\pIfneqsSbmWv \S∏m-°p∂Xv. kwÿm\sØ h\-ßsfA©p sSdnt´mdnb¬ h\w k¿-°nfp-Ifmbpw, Hmtcm k¿°nfn-t\bpwhnhn[ sSdnt´mdnb¬ h\w Unhnj-\pIfmbpw hn`Pn®n´p≠v. tIcfØn¬BsI 24 sSdnt´mdnb¬ h\w Unhnj-\pIfmWp≈Xv. sSdnt´mdnb¬ h\wUnhnj\pIsf IqSmsX Nne {]tXyIZuXy߃°mbn cq]oIcn®n´p≈Unhnj\pIfpap≠v (Functional ForestDivision). XSn hnev]\ (6 FÆw), tkm-jy¬ t^mdkv{Sn (14 FÆw) ^vssf-bnwKv kvIzmUv (8 FÆw), h\y-Pohnkwc£Ww (11 FÆw) F∂nhbmWv^MvjW¬ Unhnj\pIƒ. CXn¬sSdnt´mdnb¬ h\w Unhnj\pIfnseh\]cn]me\w AXmXp Unhnj\p-Iƒ-°pth≠n 10 h¿jtØ°v Xbmdm-°p∂ h¿°nwKv πm\pIƒ hgnbpw,h\yPohn Unhnj\pIfnse h\]cn-]me\w AXmXp Unhnj\pth≠n 10h¿jtØbv°v Xbmdm°p∂ amt\Pv-sa‚ v πm\pIƒ hgnbpamWv \SØp-∂Xv, tkmjy¬ t^mdkv{Sn Unhnj-\pIfpsS `cWØn\v AXmXpUnhnj\pIfn¬ \S∏m°p∂ {]tXyIt{]mPIvSpIƒ°p≈ am¿KtcJIfpwB£≥ πm\pIfpw BWv B[mcw,XSn hnev]\, ^vssfbnwKv kvIzmUvUnhnj\pIƒ {]tXyI B£≥]vfm\pIƒ A\pkcn®pamWv `cn°-s∏Sp∂Xv.

h\]cn]me\Øns‚Dt±iy߃

ta¬∏d™ h\\bßfpw tIcf-Ønse 24 sSdnt´mdnb¬ h\wUn-hn-j\pIfpsS h¿°nwKv πm\pIfpw 10h\yPohn Unhnj\pIfpsS amt\Pv-sa‚ v πm\pIfpw ]cntim[n°ptºmƒh\]cn]me\Øns‚ Dt±iy߃{][m\ambpw Xmsg∏dbp∂hbmWvF∂p ImWmw.

1. h\ßfpsS Ncn{X]chpw,kmwkvIm-cnIhpw aX]chpw kuμcy-]chpamb {]m[m\yw \ne\n¿ -Øns°m≠pw ssPhsshhn[yw,h\ßfn¬ \n∂p≈ Ct°mknÃwk¿hokkv F∂nhbv°v tIm´wX´m-sXbpw aÆp kwc£Ww, Pekwc£Ww F∂nh Dd∏m°nbp≈Hcp kpÿnc hnIk\w (SustainableDevelopment) km[yam°pI.

2. C∂ns‚ Bhiy߃°pw,`mhnXeapdIƒ°pw th≠n h\hn-kv-Xr-Xnbpw h\ßfpsS ]pjvSnbpw DXv]m-

Z\tijnbpw sa®s∏Sp-Øm\p≈D]m[nIƒ \S∏m°pI.

3. h\m{inX kaqlßfpsS Poh\wDd∏m°pIbpw PohnX \ne-hmcwDb¿ØpIbpw sNøpI.

\nehnep≈ h\]cn]me\coXnIƒ

apIfn¬ ]d™ \bßfpw Dt±iy-ßfpw \S∏m°p∂Xn\v Xmsg∏dbp∂{]h¿Ø\ßfmWv h\whIp∏v\S∏m°p∂Xv.

h\kwc£Ww: h\Øns‚AXn¿Øn Xncn°¬, t^mdÃv tÃj-\pIƒ D≠m°¬, {]IrXnZØh\ßfpsS kwc£Ww, Im´pXobn¬\n∂v h\sØ kwc£n°¬, h\kw-c£W tk\sb i‡ns∏Spج,clky hnhc tiJcWw, tIkpI-fpsS \SØn∏v, {]£oW h\ßfn¬ssX \So¬, ]¶mfnØ h\]cn]m-e\w, ]cnÿnXn imkv{X]cambnZp¿_eamb {]tZißfpsS ]cn]m-e\w, hm¿Ømhn\nab kuIcy߃,hml\߃ XpSßnbhbmWv Cuhn`mKØn¬s∏Sp∂ {]h¿Ø\߃.

2. ssPhsshhn[ykwc£Whpwh\yPohn ]cn]me\hpw: ssPh-ssh-hn[y kwc£Whpw h\yPohn ]cn-]me\hpw e£yam°n s]mXp-hmbn

Xmsg∏dbp∂ {]hrØnIfmWvh\whIp∏v sNøp∂Xv. Im´pXoXSb¬, clky hnhctiJcWw, th´XSb¬, h\Øns‚ KpWh¿[\,]cnkchmknIfpsS PohnX \nehmcwDb¿Øm\p≈ ]cn]mSnIƒ, ]´nI-h¿K hm®¿amsc \ntbmKn°¬,sI´nSßfpsS \n¿amWw, hml\߃hm߬, t\®¿ IymºpIƒ \Sج,h\yPohn KthjWw, \m´m\]cn-]me\w, arKkwc£Ww, h\y -arK߃ Irjn\in∏n°p∂Xv XSb¬,hwi\miw t\cnSp∂ sNSnIsfbpwPohnIsfbpw kwc£n°¬, h\y-Pohn˛CS\mgnIƒ ÿm]n°¬, DtZym-Kÿ∑m¿°p≈ ]cnioe\w, h\-Øn\p]pdØp≈ ImhpIƒ, I≠¬-ImSpIƒ, kap{ZXocw, kzImcy- qanbnseh\yPohnIƒ, tZimS\-]£nIƒXpSßnbhbpsS kwc£-Ww.

3. tXm´ßfpsS ]cnNcWw : h\h-r -£ tXm´ßfpsS ]cnNcW-Øn\mbn {][m\ambpw h\whIp∏vsNøp∂Xv Xmsg∏dbp∂ Imcyß-fmWv.

aqs∏Ønb tXm´ßfpsS AS°n-apdn

AS°napdn \SØnb tXm´ßfn¬]pXnb tXm´ßƒ h®p]nSn∏n-°¬

h\Øn\v bmsXmcp \mihpw hcmØ coXnbn¬h\m{inX kaqlØns‚ PohnX \nehmcwDb¿Øm\pw h\ßsf-s°m≠p≈ KpWßsf∏‰nP\ßsf t_m[hXvIcn°m\pw, h\kuμcyws]mXpP\߃°v BkzZn°m\pap≈ Hcpam¿KamWv Ft°mSqdnkw.

16 Pq¨ 2011

]pjvSnbn√mØ tXm´ßfn¬Du¿PnX ]cnNcWw

DXv]mZ\tijn Iq´p∂Xn\mbn\√bn\w \So¬ hkvXp°ƒDXv]mZn∏n°m\p≈ tI{μoIrX\gvkdnIƒ.

hnØptXm´ßfpsS ]cn]me\w.

XSnsh v, hnev]\ F∂nhbnep≈B[p\nIhXvIcWw.

4. XSntbXc h\hn`hßfpsS]cnNcWw: h\Øn\IØpw h\-tØm-Sp -tN¿∂pw Xmakn°p∂P\ßfpsS {]tXyIn®pw ]´nI-h¿K-°mcpsS Pohk‘mcWØns‚\s´√mWv XSntbXc h\hn`h߃.2001˛se sk≥kkv {]Imcw tIcf-Ønse ImSpIfn¬ 723 sk‰n¬-sa‚pIfnembn 73500 ]´nIh¿K°m¿Xmakn°p∂p≠v. tIcfØnse BsI]´nIh¿K P\kwJybpsS 20%hcpanXv. XSntbXc h\hn`hßfpsS]cnNcWØn\mbn Xmsg∏dbp∂ImcyßfmWv h\whIp∏v sNøp∂Xv.

acp∂psNSnIsf∏‰nbp≈ hnhc-]´nI Xbmdm°pI.

acp∂psNSnIƒ \´p]nSn∏n°pI.

acp∂p sNSnIsf°pdn®p≈KthjWw

{]mtZinI hn⁄m\ hym]\w,_u≤nI kzØhImiw

XpSßnb tPmenIfmWv Cubn\Øn¬sNøp∂Xv.

8. am\hhn`htijn: h\whIp∏vDtZymKÿ∑m¿°v ]cnioe\w \¬Ip-∂Xn\v Ct∏mƒ Acn∏ (sIm√w Pn√)hmfbm¿ (]me°mSv Pn√) F∂nhnS-ßfnembn c≠v s{Sbn\nwKv kvIqfpIƒD≠v. P∏m≥ k¿°mcns‚ kmºØnIklmbtØmsS Cu ÿm]\ßsfB[p\nIhXvIcn°p∂Xn\p≈ {ia-߃ Bcw`n®p Ign™p. IqSpX¬kuIcyßfpw B[p\nI hnjbß-fn¬ ]cnioe\hpw \¬Im≥ sI¬∏p-≈-hn[Øn¬ Acn∏bn¬ Hcp t^md-Ãv A°mUan ÿm]n°m\p≈]WnIfpw Bcw`n®p Ign™p.

9. kmaqlyh\hXvIcWhpwh\hym]\hpw: h\Øn\p ]pdØpwh\hXvIcWw \SØm≥ Dt±in®p-sIm≠v cq]oIcn®XmWv tkmjy¬t^mdkv{Sn hn`mKw. C°gn™ h¿j-ßfn¬ kvIqƒ, tImtfPv Ip´nIsfkwLSn∏n®v \S∏m°nb Fs‚ acw,\ΩpsS acw, F∂o ]≤XnIfpw,Xoc{]tZiØv \S∏m°nb lcnXXocw]≤Xnbpw, I≠¬°mSv, ImhpIƒXpSßnbhbpsS kwc£WØn\mbn\S∏m°nb ]≤XnIfpw CXn¬-s∏-Sp∂p.

10. hnhckmt¶XnI hnZy: h\w-hIp∏ns‚ Iºyq´¿hXvIcW tPmen-IfmWv Cu hn`mKØn¬ sNøp∂Xv.

hn`h߃ F{XbmsW∂pw, AXvssIImcyw sNøp∂Xn\v \nehnep≈\bßfpw, Ct∏mgsØ ]cnNcWcoXnIfpamWv hfsc Npcp°ambnapIfn¬ hnhcn®Xv. C\n h\]cn-NcWw t\cnSp∂ `ojWnIƒGhsb∂p t\m°mw.

h\]cnNcWw˛`ojWnIƒh\߃ s]mXpsh t\cnSp∂

`ojWnIƒ \nch[nbmWv. a‰mhiy-߃°v kuIcywt]mse ssIam‰w

sNbvXv D]tbmKn°mhp∂ Hcp hn`hwF∂Xn¬ \n∂pw kwÿm\Øns‚\ne\n¬]n\p≈ AhiyLSIw F∂

\nebnte°v CXv amdnbncn°p∂p.AXpsIm≠pXs∂ Cu hn`hwF√mhcpsSbpw IqSn kzØmWv.

"bp≤w ]´mf°m¿ am{Xw Xocpam\-saSpt°≠ Imcya√' F∂Xpt]mseh\]cn]me\hpw GXm\pw t]¿

am{Xw Xocpam\nt°≠ Hcp sIm®p-Imcya√. AXns\°pdn®v Xocpam\n-°m≥ Hmtcm ]uc\pw AhImiap≠v.

h\]cnNcWØn\p≈ `ojWnIsfIpdn®pw kaqlw BtemNnt°-≠Xp≠v. {][m\s∏´ `ojWnIƒ

XSntbXc h\hn`hßfpsStiJcWØn\pw I®hSØn\pwh\kwc£W kanXnIsfim‡oIcn°pI.

5. ASnÿm\ kuIcy߃: h\-kwc£WØn\pw ]cn]me\Øn\pwBhiyap≈ sI´nS߃, tdmUpIƒXpSßnbhbpsS \n¿amWw, A‰Ip‰∏-WnIƒ F∂nhbmWv Cu KWØn¬-s∏Sp∂Xv.

6. Ft°m Sqdnkw: h\Øn\vbmsXmcp \mihpw hcmØ coXnbn¬h\m{inX kaqlØns‚ PohnX\nehmcw Db¿Øm\pw h\ßsf-s°m≠p≈ KpWßsf∏‰n P\ßsft_m[hXvIcn°m\pw, h\kuμcyws]mXpP\߃°v BkzZn°m\pap≈Hcp am¿KamWv Ft°mSqdnkw. CXn-\mbn h\m{inX kaqlØn\v]cnioe\w, SqdnÃpIƒ°v kpc£n-XXzØn\p≈ ASnÿm\-kuI-cy߃ Hcp°¬, t_m[\hXvIcW¢mkpIƒ, h\Øn¬ XmXvImenIIqSmcØn¬ Xmakn°m\p≈ kuIcy-߃, amen\ykwkvIcWw XpSßnbtPmenIƒ Cu KWØn¬ sNøp∂p.

7. KthjWw: h\hn`hßsf-°p-dn®p≈ hnhc ]´nI Xbmdm°¬,{]tXyI BhmkhyhÿIsfbpw,P\p pIsfbpw Ipdn®p≈ ]T\߃,h¿°nwKv πm\pIƒ Xbmdm°¬

h\߃ s]mXpsh t\cnSp∂ `ojWnIƒ\nch[nbmWv. a‰mhiy-߃°v kuIcywt]msessIam‰w sNbvXv D]tbmKn°mhp∂ Hcp hn`hwF∂Xn¬ \n∂pw kwÿm\Øns‚ \ne\n¬-]n\p≈ AhiyLSIw F∂ \nebnte°v CXvamdnbncn°p∂p. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ Cu hn`hwF√mhcpsSbpw IqSn kzØmWv. "bp≤w ]´mf°m¿am{Xw Xocpam\-saSpt°≠ Imcya√'

imkv{X-KXn 17

Xmsg∏dbp∂ coXnbn¬ XcwXncn-°p∂p.

hnIk\ kw_‘nbmbh. a‰phIp∏pIƒ, hnIk\w F∂ t]cn¬\S∏m°p∂ At\Iw ]cn-]mSnIƒh\Øn\v `ojWnbm-Ip∂p≠v. DZm:tdmUpIƒ, ]me߃, hnZyp—‡nsse\pIƒ, a\pjyhm-k-tI{μ߃,hymhkmb imeIƒ, ^mIvSdnIƒ,aW¬ hmc¬, Ip∂nSn -b v°¬,]mds]m´n°¬, Sqdnkw,ssItø‰ßƒ XpSßnbh.

]´nWn kw_‘nbmbhh\hmknIfpsS IpSnsh≈

£maw, Blmc £maw, sXmgn¬£maw, hnZym`ymk kuIcyan√mbva,sshZy klmban√mbva, ]m¿∏nS{]iv\߃, Im¿jnI hn`h߃hn¬°m\p≈ _p≤nap´v XpSßnb-hbmWv ]´nWn kw_‘nbmb`ojWnIƒ.

`qhn\ntbmKkw_‘nbmbh:

sN¶pØmb aetbmcßfn¬]´bw \¬Inbn´p≠v. B {]tZiß-ƒ°v tNcmØ IrjncoXnIƒ sNøpI-aqeap≠mIp∂ {]iv\߃ A\h[n-bmWv. hr£Irjn sNøm≥ km[n-°msX hcp∂Xpw (hr£w apdn°m≥A\ph m Z a n√ mØXpsIm≠ v ) ,h\yPohnIƒ Irjn\in∏n°p∂Xpwa‰pw Cu hn`mKØn¬s∏SpØmhp∂`ojWnIfmWv.

\b kw_‘nbmb`ojWnIƒ

a‰p hIp∏pIfpsS \b߃h\߃°v ojWnbmIp∂ At\Iwkw`hßfp≠v. d_¿Irjn t{]m’m-ln∏n°m≥ \¬Ip∂ k_vknUnsN¶pØmb aetbmcßfn¬ oaambasÆmen∏n\pw a‰pw ImcWamIpw.F√m hoSpIfpw sshZypXo-Icn°m-\p≈ \bw h\{]tZiØv [mcmfwacwapdn®p \o°p∂Xn¬ Iemin°pw.h\{]tZiØv ]´b`qanbn¬ P\߃\´phf¿Ønb ac߃ kz¥w Bh-iyØn\v apdn°m≥ A\phmZw\¬ImØXv ac߃ \in∏n°p∂Xn\vImcWamIpw. 2009˛se h\mhImi-\nbaw \bkw_‘nbmb ojWn°vas‰mcpZmlcWamWv.

aX]chpwkmwkvImcnIhpamb`ojWnIƒ

Imk¿tKmUv Pn√bnse hb\mSvIpeh≥ sXøw D’htØmS\p-

_‘n®p≈ "_∏nS¬' NSßn\ph\yarKßsf th´bmSp∂ BNmcw,inhcm{XntbmS\p_‘n®v ]me°m vPn√bnse A´∏mSnbn¬ a√oizcapSn-bn¬ XobnSp∂Xv apX¬ i_cnaehnIk\w hsc aX]chpw kmwkvIm-cnIhpamb ]cn]mSnIƒ h\Øn\pwh\yPohnIƒ°pw `ojWnbmIp-∂p≠v.

cmjv{Sob kw_‘nbmb`ojWnIƒ

tIcfØnse {]tXyI cmjv{SobkmlNcyØn¬ amdnamdn hcp∂k¿°mcpIƒ P\ßsf {]oXns∏Sp-Øm≥ (Populism) th≠n sNøp∂Imcy߃ BXy¥nIambn h\Øn\p`ojWnbmIp∂p≠v. h\wssItø‰-ßsf km[qIcn°p∂ ]e \S]Sn-Ifpw Cu XcØn¬ s]Spw. 01.01.1977 -hsc ssItødnb 28500 slIvS¿ÿeØv h\w ssItø‰ßsf k¿-

a‰mhiy߃°v D]tbmKnt°≠ Hcphn`hw F∂Xnt\°mƒ AXn\vkz¥amb \ne\n¬∏n\pw A¿lX-bnt√? h\ßfn¬ \n∂pw e`n°p∂]mcnÿnXnI tkh\߃ Xs∂bt√AXn\p≈ Hcp \ymbw. Cu hn`hsØCt∏mƒ ]cnNcn°p∂ coXnbpwAXn\v Dt]mXv_eIamb \bßfpwNpcp°n]d™n´p≠v. h\߃ Ct∏m-ƒ t\cnSp∂ `ojWnIfpw A°-an´v]d™n´p≠v. B `ojWnIsfsh√phnfnIfmbn t\cnSm≥ \ap°vkm[n°ptam? h\]cnNcWw {]mtZ-inI kaqlßfnte°v am‰nbm¬h\]cnNcWw sa®s∏Sptam AtXmC∂tØ°mƒ hjfmIptam?

]pXnb e£y߃ t\Sm≥]pXnb Hcp h\]cnNcW X{¥wF∂ hnjbw hym]Iambn F√mXeØnepw N¿® sNøs∏tS≠-Xp≠v.

teJI≥ tIcf h\w hIp∏nseAUojW¬ {]n≥kn∏¬ No^vI¨k¿th‰¿ BWv.

°m¿ km[qIcn®p Ign™p. AXn-\p-tijap≈ 6808 slIvS¿ ÿesØssItø‰ßƒ C\nbpw Xocpam\am-ImsX tijn°p∂p≠v. ssItø‰ß-ƒ°v C∂s√¶n¬ \msf km[qIcWwIn´ns°m≈pw F∂ Nn¥ ssItø‰-°mcpsS CSbn¬ Ct∏mgpw D≠v.

`cWkw_‘nbmb`ojWnIƒ

h\kwc£Whpw, h\]cn]m-e-\hpw I¿i\ambn \S∏m°m≥ k¿-°mcnse a‰p hIp∏pIfpsS klI-cWw IpdhmWv F∂Xv Hcp kXy-amWv. ]e hIp∏pIfpw (DZm: s]mXp-acmaØv, ]´nI-PmXn˛]´nIh¿KhnIk\w, CeIv{Snkn‰n) h\w-hIp-∏ns\ "hnIk\ hncp≤' hIp∏mbmWvIW°m°p∂Xv. Hmtcm hIp∏n\pwAhcptSXmb hnIk\ AP≠Ifpw,e£yßfpamWp≈Xv.

D]kwlmcwHcp {]IrXn hn`hw F∂ \nebn¬

tIcfØnse h\ßsf hfscb[nIwNqjWw sNbvXp Ign™p. h\߃

Hcp {]IrXn hn`hw F∂ \nebn¬ tIcfØnseh\ßsf hfscb[nIw NqjWw sNbvXp Ign™p.h\߃ a‰mhiy߃°v D]tbmKnt°≠ Hcphn`hw F∂Xnt\°mƒ AXn\v kz¥amb\ne\n¬∏n\pw A¿lX-bnt√? h\ßfn¬ \n∂pwe`n°p∂ ]mcnÿnXnI tkh\߃ Xs∂bt√AXn\p≈ Hcp \ymbw.

18 Pq¨ 2011

125 cmPy-ß-fnse a{¥n-amcpw {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw ]s¶-SpØ kvt‰m°v tlmwI¨sh≥js‚ P\oh tIm¨^-d≥kv F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ \ntcm-[n-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-®Xv Xo¿®-bmbpw Hcp\√ Imcy-am-Wv. Imk¿tKms´ {Kmao-W-cpsS Zpcn -X-߃°v F≥tUmkƒ^m≥ BtWm DØ-c-hmZn F∂vC\nbpw \n›-b-an-√, IqSp-X¬ ]Tn-t°-≠-Xp≠v Fs∂ms° ]d-™n-cp-∂-h¿°p≈ I\Ø {]l-c-ambn CuXocp-am-\w. tIcf πmt‚-j≥ tIm¿]-td-js‚ Imk¿tKms´ Iip-amhv tXm -ß-fn¬ 1978 apX¬ tXbne sImXp-Ip-Isf HmSn-°m-\mbn F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ASn-®n-cp-∂p. kI-e-hn[ ap≥ Icp-X-ep-Ifpw Im‰n¬ ]d-Øn, kIe \nb-a-ßfpw sX‰n-®v, kmam\y _p≤n-°p-t]mepw \nc-°mØ coXn-bn¬ P\-hm-k-tI-{μ-߃°p kao-]-amWv Ah¿slen-tIm-]vS-dn¬ \n∂v IoS-\m-in\n

F≥tUmkƒ^m≥:

bp≤w Ah-km-\n-°p-∂n√

Xfn®p t]m∂-Xv. kzm`m-hn-I-ambpwAXp InW-dp-I-fnepw tXmSp-I-fnepwIpSn-sh-≈-Ønepw aÆnepw hmbp-hnepw Hs° Ie¿∂p. {ItaW a\p-jy-cnepw arK-ß-fnepw FØn-t®¿∂pIpan-™p-IqSn ]e-hn[ Btcm-Ky-{]-iv\-߃°pw Imc-W-am-bn. \nc-£-c-cmb{Kmao -W¿ CXv ssZh-tIm]wBsW∂pw a‰pw ]d™p ]c-Øn-b-t∏mƒ B {]tZ-i-Øp-Im -c -\mb{io]s{Z F∂ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I-\mWvCu Btcm-Ky-{]-iv\-߃ F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ Xfn-°-ep-ambn _‘-s∏-´-XmWv F∂v BZyw kwi-bn-®-Xv. Zo¿L-Im-e-ambn AhnsS BXpc tkh\w\S-Øp∂ ssh.-F-kv.-tam-l≥Ip-am¿F∂ tUmIvS-dmWv CXn\v Dt]m-Zv_-e-I-amb imkv{Xob hnh-c-߃ tiJ-cn -® -X v . acp∂v Xfn \S -°p∂F\vaIsP, aqfn-bm¿, ]ms{Z XpSßnb{Kma-ß-fnse \m\qdp hoSp-Iƒ k¿th

sNbvX-t∏mƒ AhnsS 126 hoSp-I-fnse202 t]¿°v CØcw Akm-[m-cW tcmK-ßfpw sshI-ey -ßfpw Ds≠∂vAt±lw I≠p. Ch F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ F∂ cmk-h-kvXp-hns‚Adn -b -s∏-Sp∂ ]m¿iz -^-e -߃BsW∂v At±lw a\- n-em-°n.Xs‚ Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ tUmIvS¿am-cpsSkwL-S-\-bp-ambn At±lw ]¶p-h-®p.]t£ Ah-cpsS {]Xn-I-cWw H´pwt{]m’m-l-I-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. XpS¿∂v{io]-s{Z-bp-sSbpw {]mtZ-inI {]h¿Ø-I-cmb Ac-hnμ bS-a-se, \mK-cmPv_men-sK XpS-ßn-b-h-cp-sSbpw {ia- -e-am-bmWv ]pdw-temIw Cu {]iv\-sØ-∏‰n Adn-bp-∂-Xv. ]t£ F∂n´pwImcy-amb {]Xn-I-c-W-߃ D≠m-bn√F∂Xv tIc-f-k-aq-l-Øn\v Ip‰-t_m-[-tØmsS am{Xta Hm¿°m≥ Ign-bq.Cu ka-b-a-{Xbpw \ΩpsS "kz¥w'πmt‚-j≥ tIm¿∏-td-j-≥ B tZisØ

]cnkcwtUm. B¿.hn.Pn. tat\m≥

\jvS-]-cn-lmcw \¬Im-\p≈ _m[yX k¿°m¿Xs∂ Gs‰-Sp-°-Ww.kzm`m-hn-I-ambn hcm-hp∂ Hcp {]iv\wAhnsS ImW-s∏-Sp∂Btcm-Ky-{]-iv\-ß-fn¬GsXm-s°-bmWvF≥tUm kƒ^m≥aptJ-\-bp-≈Xv GsXm-s°-bmWv A√m-Xp-≈XvF∂v th¿Xn-cn®p]d-bm≥ hnj-a-amWvF∂-Xm-Wv. AhnsSa\p-jy-Xz-]-c-amb kao-]\w FSptØ ]‰q.B {]tZ-isØ A¿l-cmb F√m-t]¿°pwNnIn-’bpw ]p\-c-[n-hm-khpw sImSp-°-Ww.

imkv{X-KXn 19

BtcmKy-{]-iv\-߃°v acp-∂p-X-fn-bp-ambn _‘-sam-∂p-an-√m-sb∂v sXfn-bn-°m-\p≈ _≤-∏m-Sn-em-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿Zpcn-X-_m-[n-X-cn¬\n∂v Xß-fpsStcmKm-h-ÿbv°v acp-∂p-X-fn-bp-ambn_‘-sam-∂p-an√ F∂v FgpXn hmßm-\p≈ {Iqc -Ir -Xy -Øn -\p -t]mepwapXn¿∂p. CXn-\Iw Zpc-¥-sØ-∏‰ntI -dn™ imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv1994- 97 Ime-L- -Øn¬ B {]tZ-iØvHcp ka{K BtcmKy k¿th \S-Øn.CXns‚ e-߃ ]n∂oSv ]e-t∏mgpwCu {]iv\-Øn-te°v imkv{Xob {i≤BI¿jn-°m≥ DX-In-bn- p-≠v. ko°v,XW¬ apX-emb a‰p kwL-S-\-IfpwB {]tZ-i-Øp-Im-cpsS ZpcnXw P\-{i-≤-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-cm≥ klm-bn-®p.F∂n´pw BIm-i-am¿tK-W-bp≈ acp-∂p-Xfn Ah-km-\n-∏n-°m≥ πmt‚-j≥tIm¿∏-td-j≥ Xbm-dm-bn-√. AXn\v HcptImSXn DØ-chp Xs∂ th≠n-h-∂p.AXv kºm-Zn-®-tXm, tIm¿∏-td-js‚Xs∂ A{Kn-Iƒ®-d¬ Hm^o-k-dmbeoem-Ip-amcn AΩ sImSpØ tIkn¬.kz¥w ho´nse Xs∂ Hcp AwK-Øn\vtcmKw h∂-t∏m-gmWv -A-h¿°v A]-ISw t_m[y-s∏- -Xv.

CXn-\nsS U¬ln Bÿm-\-ambsk‚¿ t^m¿ kb≥kv B‚ v F≥h-tbm¨sa‚ v F∂ kwL-S\ \S-Ønb]T-\-ßfpw Ah¿ {]kn-≤o-I-cn® DtZz-K-P-\-I-amb dnt∏m¿´p-amWv Cu{]iv\sØ tZiob {i≤-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-∂-Xv. AXn-s\-Xnsc IoS-\m-in\ntem_n i‡-amb {]Xym-{I-aWw Bcw-`n-®p. Imk¿tKms´ Zpc-¥sØ IoS-\m-in-\n-bp-ambn t\cn´p _‘-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ imkv{Xo-b-amb sXfn-hp-I-sfm∂pw Cs√∂pw AXn\v a‰p Imc-W-ßfpw D≠m-bn-cn°mw F∂pw Ah¿hmZn-®p. Ah¿°p-th≠n hmZn-°m\pw]e imkv{X-⁄-scbpw Ah¿ AWn-\n-c-Øn. B kμ¿`-Øn¬ BWv 2001-˛¬ Cu {]iv\-sØ-∏‰n imkv{Xo-b-ambn ]Tn-°m-\mbn tUmIvS¿ ANyp-X≥ A[y-£-\mbn tIcf k¿°m¿Hcp sSIv\n-°¬ IΩn-‰nsb \nb-an-®-Xv. Ah-cpsS ip]m¿i {]Im-c-amWvtIc-f-sam-´p°pw F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥\ntcm-[n-°m≥ tIcf k¿°m¿ Xbm-dm-b-Xv. C≥Uy≥ \nbaw A\p-k-cn®vIoS-\m-in-\n-I-fpsS ÿnc-amb \ntcm-[-\-Øn\v tI{μ k¿°m-cn\v am{XtaA[n-Im-c-ap-≈q. tI{μ k¿°m-cns‚Bh-iy-{]-Imcw National Institute forOccupational Health F∂ tI{μ-ÿm-]\w CsX-∏‰n IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-߃tiJ-cn®v Hcp ]T\w \S-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Ah-cpsS ]T-\hpw tI{μ k¿°m-

cns\ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ ]cym-]vX-am-bn-√. F∂p-X-s∂-b-√, AXnseIs≠-Ø-ep-Isf A]-Io¿Øn-s∏-Sp-Øm-\mbn tUmIvS¿ Hm.-]n.-Zps_ A[y-£-\mbn as‰mcp IΩn-‰nsb tI{μIrjn a{¥m-ebw \ntbm-Kn-°p-IbpwsNbvXp. B IΩn-‰n-bn¬ IoS-\m-in\ntem_n-bpsS h‡m-°ƒ°m-bn-cp∂pap≥ssI. ]n∂oSv Ch-scgpXn-s°m-SpØI]S dnt∏m¿´pw s]m°-n-∏n-Sn-®p-sIm-≠mWv F≥tUm kƒ^m≥ \ntcm-[n-t°≠ Bh-iy-an√ F∂v tI{μ Irjna{¥m-ebw hmZn®p t]m∂n- p-≈-Xv. Cu\ne-]m-Sn-s\-Xn-sc-bmWv tIc-f-Øn¬hym]-I-amb {]Xn-tj[w D≠m-b-Xpw,HSp-hn¬ tI{μw `cn-°p∂ I£n-Iƒ°pt]mepw AXns\ A\p-Iq-en-t°-≠n-h-∂-Xpw. Ct∏mƒ kvt‰m°vtlmw I¨sh≥j≥ BtKmf hym]-I-ambn F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ \ntcm-[n-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-®-tXmsS tIc-f-Øns‚{]Xn-tj[w hnPbw I≠p F∂v Biz-kn-°mw.

kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw ""C\n-sb¥v?''F∂ tNmZy-amWv Db-cp-∂-Xv. {]Y-ahpw{][m-\hpw Bb Imcyw Zpc-¥-_m-[n-X-cpsS NnIn-’bpw ]p\-c-[n-hm-khpwBWv. Nne \S-]-Sn-Iƒ Hs° tIcfk¿°m¿ {]Jym-]n-®n´ps≠-¶nepwAXv Xosc A]-cym-]vX-am-Wv. Xo¿ØpwAim-kv{Xo-bhpw \nb-a-hn-cp-≤hpwBb coXn-bn¬ Cu amc-I-hnjw slen-tIm-]vS-dn¬ Xfn-®Xv Hcp k¿°m¿ÿm]-\-amb πmt‚-j≥ tIm¿]-td-j≥ BWv F∂-Xp-sIm≠v \jvS-]-cn-lmcw \¬Im-\p≈ _m[yX k¿°m¿Xs∂ Gs‰-Sp-°-Ww. kzm`m-hn-I-ambnhcm-hp∂ Hcp {]iv\w AhnsS ImW-s∏-Sp∂ Btcm-Ky-{]-iv\-ß-fn¬ GsXm-s°-bmWv F≥tUm kƒ^m≥ aptJ-\-bp-≈Xv GsXm-s°-bmWv A√m-Xp-≈Xv F∂v th¿Xn-cn®p ]d-bm≥ hnj-a-amWv F∂-Xm-Wv. AhnsS a\p-jy-Xz-]-c-amb kao-]\w FSptØ ]‰q. B{]tZ-isØ A¿l-cmb F√m-t]¿°pwNnIn-’bpw ]p\-c-[n-hm-khpw sImSp-°-Ww.

c≠m-asØ {]iv\w \ntcm-[\wFßs\ \S-∏m°mw F∂-Xm-Wv.hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Ign™ ]Øp-h¿j-ambn tIc-f-Øn¬ F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥\ntcm-[nXw BWv. ]t£ B \ntcm-[\w I¿i-\-ambn \S-∏m-°m≥ \ap°vIgn™n´n√ F∂mWv ]{X hm¿Ø-Iƒ kqNn -∏n -°p -∂-Xv . Xang v\m -´n¬\n∂pw a‰pw a‰p ]e t]cp-I-fnepwt]cn-√m-sXbpw AXn-hnsS FØp-∂p-≠v. I¿j-I¿ AXv At\z-jn®p I≠p-]n-Sn®p hmßn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-ap-≠v.

U¬ln Bÿm-\-ambsk‚¿ t^m¿ kb≥kvB‚ v F≥h-tbm¨sa‚ v F∂kwL-S\ \S-Ønb ]T-\-ßfpw Ah¿ {]kn-≤o-I-cn® DtZz-K-P-\-I-ambdnt∏m¿´p-amWv Cu{]iv\sØ tZiob {i≤-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-∂-Xv.AXn-s\-Xnsc IoS-\m-in\n tem_n i‡-amb{]Xym-{I-aWw Bcw-`n-®p.Imk¿tKms´ Zpc-¥sØIoS-\m-in-\n-bp-ambnt\cn´p _‘-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ imkv{Xo-b-ambsXfn-hp-I-sfm∂pwCs√∂pw AXn\v a‰pImc-W-ßfpw D≠m-bn-cn°mw F∂pw Ah¿hmZn-®p.

20 Pq¨ 2011

imkv{X-K-Xnsb

kw_-‘n®

A`n-{]m-b-ßfpw

IØp-Ifpw

FUn-‰¿

imkv{X-K-Xn, ]cn-jZv h≥,

IpXn-c-h´w sebv≥,

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw ˛ 695 001

Csa-bn¬ : kssptvpm@yahoo.comF∂ hnem-k-Ønepw

hcn-kwJy, ]cm-Xn-Iƒ F∂nh

amt\-PnMv FUn-‰¿

]cn-j-Zv -h≥,

Nme-∏pdw ]n.-H.,

tImgn-t°mSv 2

Csa-bn¬ :

ksspmagazine@gmail.comF∂ hnem-k-Ønepw

Ab-bv°pI

DXvI -WvTm -P -\ -I -amb hkvXpXIm¿jnI hnZ-Kv[¿ \n¿t±-in-°mØ]e hnf-Iƒ°pw F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥I¿j-I¿ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p F∂-Xm-Wv.C°m-cy-Øn¬ IoS-\m-in\n hn¬]-\-°m-sc -bmWv I¿j-I¿°v IqSp -X¬hnizmkw F∂v tXm∂p-∂p. CXv hfscA]-I-S-I-c-amb Hcp Ah-ÿ-bm-Wv.CXn-s\-Xnsc {]N-cWw Bh-iy-am-Wv.

hmkvX-h-Øn¬ F≥tUmkƒ^m≥am{X-a√ {]iv\w. H´p an° IoS-\m-in-\n-Ifpw hfsc Aim-kv{Xo-b-ambnBWv \mw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. A\m-h-iy-am-bpw, Ak-a-b-Øpw, Af-hn¬IqSp-X-em-bpw, sX‰mbpw \mw IoS-\m-in-\n-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. IoS-_m[D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\p apºpXs∂ Hcpap≥I-cp-X¬ F∂ \ne-bn¬, As√-¶n¬, IoS-_m[ \n›nX cq£XssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p apºv, As√-¶n¬hnf-sh-Sp-∏n\p sXm´p apºv, As√-¶n¬N¥-bn-te°v km[\w sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn\v apºv Hs° ]e-t∏mgpw IoS-\m-in\n {]tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≠v. CsXms°Aim-kv{Xo-bhpw A]-I-S-I-chpwBWv. CXn-s\-Xnsc I¿j-Isc t_m[-h-XvI-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah¿°v icn-bmbam¿K\n¿t±iw \¬Ip-Ibpw thWw.icn°v ]d-™m¬ \mw acp-∂n-\p-th≠n tUmIvS-dpsS Ipdn-∏-Snsb B{i-bn-°p-∂Xpt]mse Irjn Hm^o-k-dpsSIpdn-∏Sn Ds≠-¶nte IoS\min\nhn¬°mhq F∂ Ahÿ hc-Ww. IoS-

\m-in-\n°v Irjn-°m¿ ""acp∂v'' F∂m-Wt√m ]d-bp-∂-Xv. At∏mƒ acp∂vssIImcyw sNøp -∂-Xp -t]mse{i≤bpw Icp-Xepw tN¿∂p-thWw IoS-\m-in-\nbpw ssIImcyw sNøm≥.

IoS-\m-in\n ASn-°p-∂-h¿°pw ]cn-io-e\w sImSp-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Ct∏mƒH´pw ]cn-io-e\w C√m-Ø, ]e-t∏mgpw\nc-£-c-cmb ]Wn-°m-cmWv AXvsNøp-∂-Xv. Ah¿°v IoS-\m-in\n IqSn-s‚ ]pdØv Fgp-Xn -bn -cn -°p-∂Xvhmbn®p a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-b-W-sa-∂n-√. ssIbp-d, apJw aqSn apX-embkpc£m D]-I-c-W-߃ D]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-IX Ah¿°-dn-bn-√.s]mXpsh AXn-t\m-sSms° Hcp ]p—wBWv \ap-s°m-s°. (sl¬a‰v \nb-a-Øn-s\-Xnsc kacw sNøp-∂-h¿BWt√m \msa√mw!) hntZ-i-sØms°CØcw kpc£m {Iao-I-c-W-ß-fpsSImcy-Øn¬ hfsc \njvI¿j BWvs]mXp-sh-bp-≈-Xv. (A-s√-¶n¬ \jvS-]-cn-lmcw sImSpØp apSn-bpw.)

CsXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ cmk IoS-\m-in-\n-I-fpsS D]-tbmKw Hgn-hm-°m-\p≈am¿K-ßfpw IqSp-X¬ ASn-b-¥n-c-ambn]cn-tim-[n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v. kwtbm-PnX IoS \nb-{¥Ww (Integrated PestManagement) ssPh IoS \nb-{¥WwapX-emb coXn-I-fn¬ ASn-b-¥n-c-ambKth-jWw \S-°p-Ibpw Ah-bpsS^e-߃ I¿j-I-cn¬ FØn-°p-IbpwthWw.

imkv{X-KXn 21

]cnkcwtUm. B¿. Pb{]Imiv

F≥tUmkƒ^m≥ F∂ amcIIoS\min\nsb BtKmf hym]Iambn\ntcm[n°p ∂Xn\v kvt‰m°vtlmwI¨sh≥j\n¬ GIIWvTambnXocpam\saSpØv Ign™ncn°p∂p.Cu kmlNcyØn¬ F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ hncp≤{]t£m`-ImcnI-ƒ°v ]ncn™v t]mIcptXmsb∂tNmZyw DbcpI kzm`mhnIamWv.F∂m¬ F≥tUmkƒ^m≥ \ntcm-[\w C¥ybn¬ {]m_eyØn¬hcp∂Xn\v C\nbpw Gsd ISºIƒ

F≥tUmkƒ^m≥ kacw;

hnPbnt® Xocq

IS°phm\p≠v. \ntcm[\ \nbaw]m¿esa‚ v AwKoIcn°pI, AXn\-\p-krXambn \ntcm[\w \S∏nem°p-∂Xn\v Bhiyamb \S]SnIƒkzoIcn°pI, \ntcm[\w ^e{]Z-ambn \S∏nem°p∂Xn\v \nco£Wkwhn[m\w sIm≠phcnI, F≥tUm-k-ƒ^m≥ DXv]mZ\w \n¿Øn hbv-°pI. F∂nßs\ \ofp∂p \ntcm[\-{]{Inb {]m_eyØn¬ hcp∂Xn\vBhiyamb \S]SnIƒ. kvt‰m°v-tlmw I¨sh≥j\n¬ F≥tUm-

kƒ^m≥ \ntcm[n°p∂Xn\v GIIWvTambn´mWv Xocpam\-saSpØ-sX¶nepw Cu Xocpam\tØmSv H´pwtbmPn∏n√mXncp∂ C¥ymK-h¨-sa‚ v \ntcm[\w \S∏nem°p∂Xn\v\nch[n CfhpIƒ t\SnsbSp-Øn-´p≠v. AXnse Hcp {][m\ CfhvIip-amhn≥ tXm´ßfn¬ F≥tUm-kƒ-^m≥ D]tbmKn°p-∂Xn\p≈A\paXn Xs∂bmWv. F≥tUmk-ƒ^ms‚ BtcmKy ]mcnkvYnI kmaq-lnI {]XymLmX߃ A¥mcm{„-kaqlØn\v t_m[yamsb¶nepwC¥y-bnse cm{„ob `cW t\XrXz-Øn\v C°mcyØn¬ Ct∏mgpwkwibamWv. Ah¿°v C\nbpw]T\߃ thWsa∂ \ne]mSmWvD≈sX∂¿∞w. AXn\ptijw am{X-amIpw ChnsS F≥tUm kƒ-^m≥\ntcm[n°pIsb∂v A[nImcnIƒI¨sh≥j\ptijhpw hy‡am°n-°gn™ncn°p∂p. AXmbXv C¥y-bn¬ F≥tUmkƒ^m≥ \ntcm[n°p-∂Xn\pw AXv e{]Zambn \S∏nem-°p-∂Xn\pw Ct∏mƒ Db¿∂ph∂{]t£m`w sIm≠v aXnbmhpIbn√.AXn\v IqSpX¬ i‡amb \nc¥c{]Xntcm[ {]t£m`߃ C\nbpwkwLSn∏n°s∏tS≠Xps≠∂¿∞w.F≥tUmkƒ^m≥ CcIfpsS Btcm-Ky-{]iv\߃, AhcpsS ]p\c[n-hmkw F∂o hnjb߃ ^e{]Z-ambn ssIImcyw sNøp∂Xn\p≈ka{Kamb N¿®Iƒ C\nbpw Db¿-∂ph∂n´n√. Cu ]ivNmØe-Øn¬F≥tUmkƒ^m≥ kr„n®psIm-≠ncn-°p∂ ]mcnÿnXnI BtcmKy-{]iv\߃ sshZyimkv{X]cambnhkvXp\njvTambn ]cntim[n°-s∏tS≠Xp≠v. AXv A\nhmcyambnC\nbpw Db¿∂phtc≠nbncn°p∂F≥tUmkƒ^m≥ hncp≤ {]t£m-`Øn\v AXy¥mt]£nXamWv.

F≥tUmkƒ^m≥; HcpsshZy-imkv{X]cntim[\

Imk¿tKmUv A\p`h-Øns‚ ASnkvYm\ØnemWv

s]mXpkaqlw F≥tUmkƒ^ms\Xnsc {]t£m`wXpSßnbXv . F∂m¬CXns‚ Bcw` -L´-Øn¬ Xs∂ Hcp F≥-tUm-kƒ- m≥ tem_n-bpw ChnsS {]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂Xmbn ImWp-hm≥ km[n°pw. F≥-

Pq¨ 5 ]cnkcZn\w

sXfnhpIsf√mw Pohn°p∂ c‡-km£nIfmbns]mXp kaqlØn\v ap∂n¬ \n¬°p∂p. AXvs]mXpk-aqlØns‚ C\nbpw \ndth‰s∏SmØDØchmZnØsØ Hm¿an∏n°pIbpw sNøp∂p.AXv \ΩpsS Nn¥Isf \nc¥cambn aYn®psIm-≠ncn°p∂p. F∂n´pw F¥psIm≠v AXv _‘-s∏´`cWm[nImcnIfpsS IÆv Xpd∏n-°p∂n√.ChnsSbmWv AhcpsS aqe[\ XmXv]cy߃shfnhmIp-∂Xv.

22 Pq¨ 2011

tUm-kƒ^m≥ Xs∂bmWv Ct∏m-ƒImWp∂ coXnbnep≈ BtcmKy-{]XymLmX߃ kr„n®sX∂p-≈Xn\v sXfnhpIfn√sb∂ hmZamWvAh¿ \nc¥cambn Db¿ Øns°m-≠ncn°p∂Xv. AtXkabw at‰sXmcpacp∂ns\°pdn®p-sa∂-Xpt]mse (Hcpcmk]Zm¿∞w) F≥tUmkƒ- ms\-°pdn®pw ]Tn°pIbpw hnZym¿∞n-Isf]Tn∏n®p sIm≠pw Ccn°p∂ sshZy-imkv{XØn\v Cu hnjb-Øn¬ Hcpkwibhpans√-∂XmWv kXyw. AXm-bXv F≥tUmkƒ^m≥ P¥pPm-e߃°pw BhmkhyhkvY°pwZo¿L kvYmbnbmb BtcmKy{]-iv\ßfpw Zqchym]Iamb {]Xym-Lm-Xßfpw D≠m°p∂p≠v. AXn\m¬F≥tUmkƒ^ms‚ D]tbmKwkaqlØn¬ \ntcm[n°s∏tS≠XpXs∂sb∂¿∞w. F∂m¬ CuAdnhpw t]dn \S°p∂ sshZy-kaqlw AXn\\pkrXamb kmaq-lnI DØchmZnØw {]ISn∏n°p-Itbm hnjbØn¬ kPohambnCSs]SpItbm sNømsX \nkwKX]pe¿Øp∂Xv ZpxJIcamWv.

sshZyimkv{Xw Hcp ]pXnb acp-∂ns\ (cmkhkvXp) Ipdn®v ]Tn-°p∂/-]Tn∏n°p∂ coXnsbs¥∂vt\m°mw. {]kvXpX cmkhkvXphns‚a\pjyicocØnep≈ {]h¿Ø\-coXn, AXv icocØnte°v BKncWwsNøs∏Sp∂ coXn, AXv F{XImewicocØn¬ Xßn \n¬°pw? AXvGXv Ahbhw hgnbmWv icocØn¬\n∂v \n¿am¿P\w sNøs∏Sp∂Xv?AXv {]tXyIambn GXv GXv Ahb-h߃/ hyhkvYIfnemWv IqSpX¬{]h¿Øn°pIbpw \nivNnX^e߃/{]XyLmX߃ D≠m°pIbpwsNøp∂Xv? a\pjyicocw Xncn®v{]kvXpX acp∂nt\mSv {]Xn{]h¿-Øn°p∂ coXn, icocØnse D]m]-Nb-{]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ AXv sNep-Øp∂ kzm[o\w, icocØn¬ thK-Ønepw Zo¿LImemSnkvYm\ØnepwD≠m°p∂ {]XymLmX߃, icoc-Øn¬ s]s´∂v \nivNnX acp∂vA[nIambm¬ D]tbmKnt°≠ {]Xn-acp∂v, a‰v A]mbmhkvYIƒ XcWwsNøp∂Xn\p≈ am¿KtcJsb¥v?.F∂nßs\ \ofp∂p Hcp ]pXnbacp∂ns\ Ipdn®p≈ ]T\hpw ]Tn∏n-°epw. CØcØn¬ Hmtcm cmkh-kvXp-hns\°pdn®pw ]Tn°p∂Xns‚ASnkvYm\Øn¬ IqSnbmWv HcpsshZyhnZym¿∞n NnIn’I\mbnXocp∂Xv. Cu acp ∂p ]T\coXnbmWvB[p\nI sshZyimkv{XsØ a‰vNnIn’mcoXnIfn¬ \n∂v IqSpX¬hkvXp\njvThpw imkv{Xob-hpam-°p∂ Hcp {][m\ LSIw. CXvChnsS ]cma¿in®Xv B[p\nIsshZyimkv{XØns‚ ta¬t°mbvahnfnt®mXp∂Xn\√ adn®v Ct∏mƒF ≥ t U m k ƒ ^ m s \ ° p d n ® vDb¿∂ph∂n´p≈ Btcm]W, {]Xym-tcm]W {]{Inbsb sshImcnI-ambn´√msX bYm¿∞ hkvXpXIsfimkv{Xobambn Xs∂ hnebncpØp∂Xn\v th≠nbmWv. CØcsamcp]T\coXn Ct∏mƒ Xs∂ sshZyim-kv{X-taJebn¬ \ne\n¬-°p∂p-s≠∂v s]mXpkaqlsØ t_m[ys∏-SpØp-∂Xn\v th≠nbmWv.

ckX{¥]cambn F≥tUm-kƒ-^m≥ Hcp Hm¿Kmt\mt¢mdn≥ cmk-hkvXphmWv. CXn¬ B¬^,_o‰F∂n-ßs\ c≠v XcØnep≈ {]h¿-Ø\ LS\bnep≈ F≥tUm kƒ-^m≥ ASßnbn´p≠v. F≥tUmkƒ-^ms‚ amcIkz mhw IW°nseSpØvtemImtcmKy kwLS\ CXns\Im‰Kdn 2-˛¬s∏SpØnbncn°p∂p.F≥tUmkƒ^ms‚ IoS\m in\nti-

F≥tUmkƒ^m\vA¥co-£-Øn¬,hmbphn¬ \n∂v izk\whgn izmktImiØnte°v t\cn´v, hmbn-eqsS, Xz°neqsSF∂nßs\ {][m\-ambpw aq∂v XcØn¬P¥p icoc-Øn¬{]thin°p∂Xn\vIgnbpw. t\cn´v Xs‚IrjnbnSØn¬D]tbmKn-°mØh¿IqSn AXns‚ {]XymLm-XØns‚CcIfm°s∏Spsa∂bmYm-¿∞yw C\n Bcpw\sΩ ]Tn∏nt°-≠Xn√s√m.

imkv{X-KXn 23

jnbpsS imkv{XobhiamWv ChnsS]cntim[n°p∂Xv. H∏w F≥tUmkƒ^ms‚ IoS\min\n kz`mhw (methodof action) {]kvXpX IoSØns\Xnsc-sb∂t]mse as‰√mP¥p-Pme-ß-tfmSpw H∂p Xs∂bmsW∂pw Hm¿-°pI.

F≥tUmkƒ^m\v A¥co-£-Øn¬, hmbphn¬ \n∂v izk\w hgnizmktImi Ønte°v t\cn´v, hmbn-eqsS, Xz°neqsS F∂nßs\ {][m\-ambpw aq∂v XcØn¬ P¥p icoc-Øn¬ {]thin°p∂Xn\v Ignbpw.t\cn v Xs‚ IrjnbnSØn¬ D]tbmKn-°mØh¿ IqSn AXns‚ {]XymLm-XØns‚ CcIfm°s∏Spsa∂ bmYm-¿∞yw C\n Bcpw \sΩ ]Tn∏nt°-≠Xn√s√m. AXpsIm≠v Xs∂bmWvAkm[mcWamb khntijX Ifp≈F≥tUmkƒ^ms\ hnIknXcmPyßfneS°w \ntcm[n®ncn°p∂Xv.

icocØn¬ {]thin®p Ignbp∂F≥tUmkƒ^m\v c≠v Xcw {]h¿-Ø\ coXnbmWp≈Xv.

H∂maXmbn AXv Xet®mdns\D±o]n∏n°p∂p. Xet®mdns‚ {]h¿-Ø\-߃ Bhiym\pkcWw D±o]n-∏n-°pIbpw \nb{¥n°pIbpw sNø-s∏Sp∂Xv Xet®mdn\p≈nse ss•kn-≥-/-Km_m (c≠v \yqtdm{Sm-≥kvan-‰dpIƒ) k¥penXmhkvYbpsS ASn-kvYm\ØnemWv. ChnsS F≥tUmk-ƒ^m≥ Km_mbpsS {]h¿Ø\ßsfXSks∏SpØp∂p (calcium2+ ATP aseinhibitor). X∑qew ss•kn\ns‚ D±o]\-{]h¿Ø\w \nb¥n°s∏SmsXA[nIamIpIbpw k¥penXmhkvY\„s∏SpIbpw sNøp∂p. Aßns\\yqtdmWpIfneqsSbp≈ Bibhn\nab {]{Inb (conduction of nerveimpulse) XSks∏Sp∂p. CXv Xet®m-dn\v kvYmbnbmb £Xw/BLmXwD≠m°p∂p. AXpsIm≠mWvF≥tUm-kƒ^m\v ASns∏Sp∂hcn¬Xe-thZ\, XeNp‰¬, imcocnI£oWw, AXncpIS∂ tIm]w,A{Iakz`mhw, t_m[\nehmcØn¬G‰°pd®n¬, A]kvamcw,icocØn\v hndb¬, I¨t]mfIƒ°vhndb¬, H]vtkm-t¢mWkv F∂nhD≠mIp∂Xv. IqSmsX `mc°pdhv,imcocnI hndb¬ icocØns‚kaXpenXmhkvY \„s∏S¬ (ataxia),am\knImh-kvYbn¬ am‰w hcnI,Xe°v Akm-[mcWamb hn[Øn¬hen∏w hcnI (pseudo tumor cerebri)F∂nßs\ \ofp∂p AXns‚Zo¿LIme {]Xym -LmX߃.Npcp°Øn¬ F≥tUm-kƒ^ms‚

thKØnepw Zo¿LImem-SnkvYm\-Ønep≈Xpamb {]Xym-LmX-ßsf√mwt^md≥knIv saUnkns‚ (Hcp sshZy-imkv{X imJ) ASn-kvYm\ {K\vY-ßfn¬ {]Xn]mZn®n- p≠v. Chsbms°Xs∂bs√ Ct∏mƒ Imk¿tKmUvImWp∂sX∂v Hm¿°pI. Hcp K¿-`nWn Xs‚ K¿`[mc-WØns‚ BZyamk-ßfn¬ F≥tUm-kƒ^m\v hnt[-b-ambm¬ Ip nbn¬ Hm nkw (Hcn°epwNnIn-’n®v t`Zam°p∂Xn\v Ign-bmØHcp \yqtdmsUhe∏vsa‚¬ Untkm-¿U¿) D≠mIp∂Xn\p≈ km[yXhfsc-b[n-IamWv. Imk¿tKmUv{]tZi-ßfn¬ Xet®mdnt‚bpw a‰vhf¿®m sshIeyßfpambn _‘-s∏´ tcmKmXpcXIƒ tIcfØn¬a‰nSß-fnteXn¬ \n∂v A[nIambnCcn-°p∂Xns‚ ImcWw as‰m∂√.(ChnsS Hcp Imcyw IqSn hy‡am°mw.Zriyam[yaßfn¬ FSpØpImWn®p-sIm≠ncn°p∂ apgph≥ Xet®m¿/hf¿®msshIeyßfpw F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ aqeap≠mbn´p≈XmsW∂vCu hnjbØnse Hcp hnZKv≤s\∂\nebn¬ IcpXpI hø.) CXv CubnsStImgnt°mSv saUn°¬ tImtfPnse

IΩyqWn‰n saUnkn≥ hn`mKw\SØnb ]T\ßfn¬ \n∂p Xs∂hy‡ambn´p≠v. am{Xhpa√ AhnS-ßfnse c‡kmºnfpIfn¬ F≥tUm-k-ƒ^m≥ Afhv a‰v {]tZißfnsekmºnfpIfnteXnt\°mƒ A[nIhp-ambncp∂p.

F≥tUmkƒ^ms‚ icocØnsec≠masØ {]h¿Ø\coXn AXvkvss{XW tlm¿tamWmb Cukvt{Sm-Ps‚ {]h¿Ø\ßsf t{]m’mln∏n-°p∂psh∂XmWv (xeno estrogen).AXv ^eØn¬ ]pcpjtlm¿-tam-Wmb B≥t{UmPs‚ {]h¿Ø\-ßsf XSks∏SpØp∂p. AXpaqewB¨Ip´nIfpsS hf¿®tbbpwhnImktØbpw hninjy AhcpsS{]XypXv]mZ\tijnbpsS (hrjWw)hf¿®m]q¿ØoIcWtØbpw Kuc-hambn _m[n°p∂p. adn®v s]¨-Ip´nIfn¬ thKØn¬ B¿ØhN{IwBcw`n°p∂Xn\pw AXv km[mc-Wbn¬ \n∂v hn`n∂ambn B¿Øhhncmaw hfsc Xmakn®v am{XwD≠mIp∂Xn\pw ImcWamIpw. CXvXs∂bmWv Imk¿tKmUnsebpwA\p`hw.

F≥tUmkƒ^ms‚ icocØnse c≠masØ{]h¿Ø\coXn AXv kvss{XW tlm¿tamWmbCukvt{Sm-Ps‚ {]h¿Ø\ßsf t{]m’mln∏n-°p∂psh∂XmWv. AXv ^eØn¬ ]pcpjtlm¿-tam-Wmb B≥t{UmPs‚ {]h¿Ø\-ßsfXSks∏SpØp∂p. AXpaqew B¨Ip´nIfpsShf¿®tbbpw hnImktØbpw hninjy AhcpsS{]XypXv]mZ\tijnbpsS hf¿®m]q¿-ØoIc-W-tØbpw Kuc-hambn _m[n°p∂p

24 Pq¨ 2011

CXv IqSmsX F≥tUmkƒ^m\va‰v Nne khntijXIƒ IqSnbp≠v.F≥tUm kƒ^m≥ sImgp∏n¬Aenbp∂XmWv. X∑qew AXvsImgp∏v tImißfn¬ IqSpXembnASnbpIbpw icocØn¬ hfsc Imew\ne\n¬°pIbpw sNøpw. F≥tUmk-ƒ^ms‚ Cu khntijXaqew AXvXet®mdv, Icƒ, hr° F∂o Ahb-h-ßfn¬ IqSpXembn \nt£]n°-s∏SpIbpw AhbpsS {]h¿-Ø\ßsfZo¿LImemSnkvYm\Øn¬ _m[n-°pIbpw sNøpw. Icƒ Iym≥k¿CØc°mcn¬ IqSpXembncn°pw.IqSmsX c‡Ønse tImißfpsS{]h¿Ø\tØbpw FÆtØbpw_m[n°pw (aplastic anemia). CØc-°mcn¬ c‡m¿_pZØns‚ km[y-Xbpw IqSpXembncn°pw.

]mcnÿnXnI{]XymLmX߃

F≥tUmkƒ^m≥ P¥pPm-e-ßfpsS BhmkhyhkvYtbbpw_m[n-°p∂p≠v. aÆn¬ Zo¿LImew{]h¿Ø\£aX \in®pt]mImsX\ne\n¬°p∂Xn\v Ignbpw. aÆnse

F≥tUmkƒ^m≥ aqe ap≠mbn´p≈-XmtWmsb∂XmWv sXfnbn°-s∏-tS≠Xv. IqSmsX a‰nXc {]iv\߃h√Xpw kr„n°s∏Sp∂pt≠msb∂pw]cntim[n°s∏SWw. Xo¿®bmbpwimkv{Xobamb ]T\ßfpsS mKambnDcpØn-cnbp∂ sXfnhpIfpsS ASn-kvYm -\Øn¬ am{Xta GsXmcpimkv{XimJ°pw \nKa\ßfnte°vFØnt®cp∂Xn\v IgnbpIbp≈q.{]kvXpX Is≠ØepIƒ \nehn-ep≈ XXzØns‚ ASnkvYm\Øn¬\n¿hNn°s∏Spw. \ne\n¬°p∂XXzßtf°mƒ ]pXnbh sXfnhpI-tfmsS Is≠Øs∏Sptºmƒ \nehn-ep≈h XncpØnsbgpXs∏SpItbmam‰Øn\v hnt[bamhpItbm sNøpw.CXv GsXmcp imkv{XØnt‚bpwASnkvYm\{]amWamWv. Dƒhnfn-IfpsS ASnkvYm\Øn¬ imkv{X-Øn\v apt∂m´v t]mIp∂Xn\v Ignbp-Ibn√. ChnsS \ΩpsS cWm[nImcn-Iƒ°v sXfnhp thWw F∂v hmZn°p-∂Xn\v ]n∂nse mjyw c≠mWv. H∂vtIhew P\߃ am{Xw ]dbp∂XvkXyambn AwKoIcn°phm≥ Ign-bn√. AXv icn Xs∂. F∂m¬ c≠ma-sØ Dt±iyw ho≠pw ho≠pw ]T\-߃ {]Jym]n®v \ntcm[\ Xocpam\wFSp°p∂Xn¬ \n∂v c£s∏Sp-I-sb∂XmWv. CXpXs∂bmWv AhcpsSclky AP≠bpw.

KthjW imkv{XimJbpsS`mjbn¬ (research methodology) Hcp\nivNnX LSIw (߃) Hcp {]tXyItcmKmXpcX (Iƒ) kr„n°p∂p-t≠m-sb∂v (causative factor) Adnbp∂Xn\vc≠pXcw ]T\coXnIfmWv Ahew-_n°phm≥ IgnbpI. H∂pIn¬ tIkvI¨t{Smƒ kv‰Un (retrospective study)As√¶n¬ sImtlm¿´v (prospectivestudy) kv‰Un. F¥mWv tIkv/I¨t{Smƒ kv‰Unsb∂p t\m°mw.{]mtbmKnIambn Hcp \nivNnX LSIwaqew (F≥tUmkƒ^m≥) tcmKm-XpcX IqSnbn´pt≠msb∂v Adnbp-∂Xn\v B LSIØn\v hnt[bam-bXpw Hcp ]s£ \nivNnX tcmKm-XpcX D≈Xpamb Hcp kaqltØbpw(case) AtX kz`mhtØmSpIqSnbXpw(standardized socio-demographicsamples) F∂m¬ \nivNnX LS-IØn\v hnt[bambn´n√mØXpambas‰mcp kaqltØbpw (control)XΩn¬ tcmKmXpcXbpw a‰v {]iv\-ßfpw imkv{Xobambn \n¿hNn®vsXfnhpItfmsS tiJcn®v tcJs∏Sp-Øn XmcXayw sNøWw. XpS¿∂v c≠vkaqlØnt‚bpw \nivNnX/a‰v tcmKm-

kq£va PohnIfpsS {]h¿Ø\sØXSks∏SpØp∂Xn\pw Ipd°p∂-Xn\pw F≥tUmkƒ^m\v Ignbpw.CXv kq£va PohnIfptSbpw a‰v P¥p-Pm-e-ßfptSbpw Bhmk hyhkvYsb

F{Xam{Xw kzm[o\n°p∂psh∂v{]tXy-Iamb ]T\߃sIm≠v am{XtaIs≠Øphm≥ IgnbpI-bp≈q.

Pemibßfn¬ Iecp∂ F≥tUmk-ƒ^m≥ Pemibßfnse P¥pPme-ßtfbpw hninjym a’yßtfbpw

_m[n°p∂p≠v. AhnSßfnsea’yßfpsS icocØn¬\n∂pwF≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ th¿Xncn-s®Sp°m-

hp-∂XmsW-t∂m¿°pI.

Npcp°Øn¬ F≥tUmkƒ^ms‚BtcmKy, ]mcnkvYnXnI {]XyLm-X߃ \Ωƒ Ct∏mƒ a\knem-

°nbn´p≈Xnt\°mƒ A[nIhpw`oIchpamsW∂¿∞w.

]T\ßfpsS kmwKXywImk¿tKmUpw ]cnkc {]tZi-

ßfnepw ImWs∏Sp∂ Xet®mdv/hf¿®m-sshIeyßfpw (neurodevelop-mental disorder) h‘yXm{]iv\ßfpw

F≥tUm kƒ^m≥ sImgp∏n¬ Aenbp∂XmWv.X∑qew AXv sImgp∏v tImißfn¬ IqSpXembnASnbpIbpw icocØn¬ hfsc Imew\ne\n¬°pIbpw sNøpw. F≥tUmk-ƒ^ms‚ CukhntijXaqew AXv Xet®mdv, Icƒ, hr°F∂o Ahb-h-ßfn¬ IqSpXembn \nt£]n°-s∏SpIbpw AhbpsS {]h¿-Ø\ßsfZo¿LImemSnkvYm\Øn¬ _m[n-°pIbpw sNøpw.

imkv{X-KXn 25

XpcXbnep≈ hyXymkw kv‰mkv‰n-°embn {]m[m\yap≈XmsW∂vkmt¶XnIambn sXfnbn°Ww(stastically significant difference in themorbidity of two samples). Aßs\ImcyImcW _‘w sXfnbn°-s∏SWw. CXv Hcp Sow h¿°mWv. GsX-¶nepw XXv]c I£n°v H‰°v CØcwIs≠ØepIsf Xs‚ XmXv]-cya\p-kcn®v hyXymks∏SpØp∂Xn\vIgnbpIbn√. am{Xhpa√ ]T\sØ-°pdn®v D≠mIp∂ kwibw, ]T\-Øn\v D]tbmKn°p∂ am¿Kw (re-search methodology) F∂nhsb°pdn®vas‰mcmƒ°v Xr]vXnIcambn hniZo-Icn®v t_m[ys∏SpØn sImSp°p-∂Xn\p≈ _m[yXbpw Kthj-I-\p≠v. sFknFwB¿, tImgnt°mSvsaUn°¬ tImtfPv IΩyqWn‰nhn`mKw XpSßn b \nch[n A°mZ-anI kvYm]\߃ CXpambn _‘-s∏´ ]T\߃ \SØnbn´p≠v. Ch-sb-√mw tIkv I¨t{Smƒ kv‰Unbn¬s]Sp∂p.

t{]mkvs]Œohv kv‰Unbn¬\nivNnX LSIØn\v hnt[bamIp∂/hnt[bamImØ c≠v t]m∏pte-j-t\bpw ]T\thfsXm v tcmKmXpcXbp-≠mIp∂ Imew hsc \nco£n°p∂p.XpS¿∂v tcmKmXpcX/hyXymk߃tcJs∏SpØp∂p. Aßns\ ImcyIm-cW _‘w sXfnbn°p∂p. CXv ZiI-߃ \o≠v \n¬°p∂ {]{InbbmWv.

am{Xhpa√ henb Hcp ss\XnI{]iv\hpw CXn¬ ASßnbn´p≠v.AXpsIm≠v {]mtbmKnIambn tIkvI¨t{Smƒ kv‰UnbmWv ChnsSA`nImayw.

shfnhmIp∂aqe[\Xm¬∏cy߃

kqNn∏n® t]mse tIkv I¨-t{Smƒ kv‰UnbmWv ChnsS \S∂-hbn¬ an°Xpw. Ahsb√mwF≥tUmkƒ^m\pambn _‘s∏´BtcmKy {]XymLmX߃ shfn®-Øp sIm≠ph∂n´p≠v. am{Xhpa√sXfnhpIsf√mw Pohn°p∂ c‡-km£nIfmbn s]mXp kaqlØn\vap∂n¬ \n¬°p∂p. AXv s]mXpk-aqlØns‚ C\nbpw \ndth‰s∏SmØDØchmZnØsØ Hm¿an∏n°pIbpwsNøp∂p. AXv \ΩpsS Nn¥Isf\nc¥cambn aYn®psIm≠ncn°p∂p..F∂n pw F¥psIm≠v AXv _‘-s∏´`cWm[nImcnIfpsS IÆv Xpd∏n-°p∂n√. ChnsSbmWv AhcpsSaqe[\ XmXv]cy߃ shfnhmIp-∂Xv. C¥ybmWv temIØv DXv]-m-Zn°s∏Sp∂ F≥tUmkƒ^ms‚G‰hpw henb Itºmfw. ChnsSF≥tUmkƒ^m≥ \ntcm[n®p Ign-™m¬ IpØI Iº\nIƒ AhcpsSDXv]∂w ]ns∂ FhnsS hn‰gn°pw?Npcp°Øn¬ \ΩpsS `cWm[nIm-cnIƒ°v BtcmSmWv Iqdv? Nn¥n°pI.Xo¿®bmbpw tI{μk¿-°mcns\-s°m≠v F≥tUmkƒ^m≥ \ntcm[n-∏n®v AXv \S∏n¬ hcpØp∂Xn\vCt∏mƒ cq]s∏´v h∂Xnt\°mƒ]Xn∑Sßv {]Xntcm[hpw {]Xntj-[hpw Db¿Øns°m≠v htc≠n hcpw.F¶n¬ am{Xta \ΩpsS e£ywssIhcn°p∂Xn\v IgnbpIbp≈q.\ΩpsS tZiob `cWm[nImcnIƒA¥mcm{„ kaqlØnt\°mƒi‡cmsW∂v Hm¿°pI. \ap°v hcpw\mfpIfn¬ AXn\mbn Hcpan®vbXv\n°mw.

teJI≥ Xncph\¥]pcw saUn°¬tImfPv ]oUnbm{SnIvkv hn`mKwAtkmkntb‰v s{]m^kdmWv.

Referances1. Text book of Forensic medicine & Toxicol-

ogy, P.C. Dixkshit, PEEPEE2. Text book of Forensic medicine & Toxicol-

ogy, Principles & Practice, Krishna Viji,MD,LLB, 3rd edition, ELSEVIER

3. Comprehensive Medical Toxicology, V.V.Pillai

4. Modi’s Text book of Medical Jurisprudence,Prof (Dr,) Amrith patnaik & Dr. Mathiharan,23rd edition, 2006

5. Forensic medicine & Toxicology,J.B.Mukherji, Academic publisher, 2008

6. Forensic Medicine by Guharaj.P.V, editedby M.R. Chandran, 2003. Orient longman

imkv{X-K-Xnsb

kw_-‘n®

A`n-{]m-b-ßfpw

IØp-Ifpw

FUn-‰¿

imkv{X-K-Xn, ]cn-jZv h≥,

IpXn-c-h´w sebv≥,

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw ˛ 695 001

Csa-bn¬ : kssptvpm@yahoo.comF∂ hnem-k-Ønepw

hcn-kwJy, ]cm-Xn-Iƒ F∂nh

amt\-PnMv FUn-‰¿

]cn-j-Zv -h≥,

Nme-∏pdw ]n.-H.,

tImgn-t°mSv 2

Csa-bn¬ :

ksspmagazine@gmail.comF∂ hnem-k-Ønepw

Ab-bv°pI

26 Pq¨ 2011

imkv{Xw

XpS-°-Øn¬ \ΩpsS imkv{X-km-lnXy {]ÿm-\-Øn\v ]cn-an-X-ambe£yta D≠m-bn-cp-∂p≈q: imkv{X-sØ kmam\y P\-ß-fn¬ FØn-°pI;AXn-\mbn Ah¿°v a\- n-em-hp∂`mj-bn¬, kpμ-c-amb coXn-bn¬,imkv{X-Im-cy-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I.""100 tNmZy-߃'' F∂ Xs‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ ]n.-Sn. `mkvI-c-∏-Wn-°¿ ]d-bp∂p: ""\ΩpsS \m´nse km[m-c-W-°m-cmb hmb-\-°m-cn¬- -{]-tXy-In®pwsXmgn-em-fn- -I¿j-I-h¿K-ß-fn¬\n∂vhcp∂ Bbn-c-°-W-°mb ]pXnb hmb-\-°m-cn¬-˛-Ip-d-s®-¶nepw imkv{X-

t_m[w D≠m-°pI F∂ D∂wam{Xta CXn-\p-≈p.''

CXv tIc-f-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-X-sbm-∂p-a-√, Cu kao-]\w ]m›m-Xy-cm-Py-ß-fnepw C¥y-bnse CX-c- m-K-ß-fnepw"t]m∏p-e¿ kb≥kv' F∂ t]cn¬thcq-∂n-°-gn -™-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬AXn\v Hcp kwL-S-\-bpsS cq]hpw`mhhpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Chn-sS-bmWvtIcfw amXrI ImWn-®-Xv. 1957-˛¬tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy kan-XnbpwAXns‚ XpS¿®-bmbn 1962-˛¬ tIcfimkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØpw cq]o-Ir-X-am-bn.

{]ÿm-\-Øn\v Hcp kwL-S-\-bpsS]n≥_ew IqSn In´n-b-t∏mƒ, AXvAXn-thKw hf¿∂p. bphm-°-sf-t∂m,apXn¿∂-h-sct∂m D≈ hyXymkwIqSm-sX, ]ecpw P\-Iob imkv{X-Øns‚ {]Nm-c-I-cm-bn. Bfp-Iƒ Fgp-Xm≥ ]Tn-®p. Fgp-Øp-Im-cpsS ]pXn-sbmcp Xe-ap-d-Xs∂ cq]w-sIm-≠p.

F∂m¬ ]cn-j-Øns‚ kao-]-\-Øn\v AXn-thKw am‰w hcm≥ XpS-ßn. hnπ-hm-fl-I-amb am‰-ß-fmWvFßpw \S-°p-∂-Xv. ]cn-j-Øn\v HcpImgvN-°m-c-\mbn \n¬°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√-t√m? ""sske‚ vhmen'' ]≤Xn

\ΩpsS imkv{X-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬

_¿W-ens‚

km∂n-[yw, kzm[o-\w..!

Fw.-kn. \ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv

""imkv{X-Øns‚ kmaq-ly-kz-`m-hhpw kap-Zm-b-Øn\vimkv{X-tØm-Sp≈ IS-∏mSpwBZy-ambn hni-Zo-I-cn-®Xvam¿Ivkv BWv.'' imkv{X-Øns‚ kmaq-ly-hiw Du∂n-s°m≠v _¿W¬ as‰m-cn-SØv ]d-bp∂p: ""imkv{XwIΩyq-Wn-k-am-Wv.''tKm¿U¨ {_uWns\ D≤-cn-®p-sIm-≠v, At±lw hy‡-am-°p∂p: ""kXyw, kzbwhy‡-am-hp∂ kXyw,imkv{X-k-Xyw-˛-H∂pw tIh-e-a√; F√m-‰n-t\bpw kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ IÆp-I-fn-eqsSImtW-≠-Xm-Wv.'' _¿W-ens‚ Z¿i-\-sØbpw kao-]-\-sØbpw Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv ImtW-≠-Xv, hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xv.

imkv{X-KXn 27

]cn-j-Øns\ Z¥-tKm-]p-c-Øn¬\n∂vXmsg-bn-d-°n. ]≤-Xn-s°-Xnsc kwL-S\ \S -Ønb kacw AXns‚BZysØ _e-]-co-£-W-am-bn-cp-∂p.sshZypXn DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°p-hm-\p≈ Bh≥]-≤Xn Ahn-SsØ Zp¿_-e-amb]cn-ÿn-Xn°v Xmßm-\m-hn -s√∂hkvXp-X, _‘-s∏´ A[n-Im-cn-IƒIW-°n-se-Sp-Ø-tX-bn-√. ]cn-jØvk¿°m-cp-ambn sImºp-tIm¿Øp."sske‚ vhmen'bpw ]cn-ÿn-Xnbpwkwc-£n-°m≥ ]cn-jØv kwL-Sn-∏n®{]t£m`w temI-{i-≤-t]mepw ]nSn-®p-]-‰n. HSp-hn¬ Kh-s◊‚n\v ap´p-a-S-t°-≠n-h-∂p. ]≤Xn Dt]-£n-°-s∏-´p.Kh-s◊‚ns\ hnP-b-I-c-ambn sh√p-hn-fn-°p-Ibpw ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bpsS t]cn¬Hcp h≥]-≤Xn Dt]-£n-∏n-°p-IbpwsNøpI F∂Xv Hcp \n m-c-Im-cy-a-√.]cn-jØv Ah-K-Wn-°m≥ hømØ Hcpi‡n-bmbn hf¿∂p. CXv AXns‚kz`m -hhpw BZ¿i-kw-ln -Xbpw{]h¿Ø-\-co-Xnbpw am‰n-a-dn-®p. kmln-Xy- w-Kn-b-√, kmaq-ly-amb {]Xn-_-≤-X-bmWv {][m-\-sa∂ Xncn-®-dnhv ]cn-j-Øn¬ Hcp ]pØ≥ DW¿hp-≠m-°n.

hnZym-`ym-k-ta-J-ebpw ]cn-j-Øns‚ i‡-amb CS-s]-S-en\v hnt[-b-am-bn. hnZym¿∞n-I-sfbpw A[ym-]-I-scbpw AXns‚ IpS-°o-gn¬ sIm≠p-h-cm≥ AXn\v Ign-™p. CsX√mwAXns\ Hcp _lp-P-\-kw-L-S-\-bm-°n-˛-F-hn-sSbpw I≠n-´n-√mØ Hcp{]Xn- mkw! ]cn-j-Øns‚ cP-X-Pq-_n-en-bm-tLmjw Rm≥ Ct∏mgpw Hm¿°p-∂p. IÆq-cnse t]meokv ssaXm\w{]h¿Ø-I-sc -s°m≠v \nd™pIhn™ B Ncn{Xw F\n°v Hcn-°epw ad-°m-\m-hn-√.

CXn-s‚-sb√mw ^e-am-bn, ]cn-j-Øns‚ {]k‡n h¿[n-®p, AXv Hcpkmaq-ly-i-‡n-bmbn. F¥n-t\-sd, 1977-˛se ]Xn-s\m∂mw hm¿jn-I-Øn¬h®vAXv ""imkv{Xw kmaq-ly-hn-π-h-Øn\v''F∂ ap{Zm-hm-Iy-Øn\v AwKo-Imcw\¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Cu imkv{Xo-b- -km-aqly ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv \mw sP.Un. _¿W-en-se-Øp-∂-Xv. imkv{X-⁄≥, Kth-j-I≥,imkv{X {]h¿Ø-I≥, Nn¥-I≥, Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥-˛-F-√m-am-bn-cp∂ At±lw1901- ¬ sF¿e-≠n¬ P\n-®p. hnZym- ym-k-Imew sXm v At±lw Cw•-≠n-emWvPohn -®Xpw {]h¿Øn-® -Xpw.Imw{_nUvPv k¿h-I-em-im-e-bnse Cam-\z¬ tImtf-Pn¬ `uXn-I-Ønse"doU¿' Bbn-cp-∂p. tUhn-˛-^m-ctUem_-d- -dn-bn¬ k¿ hn√yw {_mKns‚Iogn¬ Hu]-Nm-cn-I-ambn Kth-jWw

Bcw-`n-®p. ""{InÃ-t√m-{Km^n''bmbn-cp∂p hnj-bw. tdmb¬ skmssk-‰n-bnse "s^t√m' (F.R.S.) Bbn sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏- p. bqtdm-∏nse \nc-h[nimkv{X A°m-Z-an-I-fn¬ hnin-jvSmw-K-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]e hntZi k¿h-I-em-im-e-Ifpw At±-lsØ BZ-cn-®p. imkv{X-Øns‚ kmaq-ly-[¿aw (1939), imkv{XwNcn-{X-Øn¬ (1954, 1957, 1965), bp≤-an-√mØ temIw (1951,1960), am¿Ivkpwimkv{Xhpw (1952), temIw, amwkw,sNIp-Øm≥ (1929), Bh-iy-Øns‚kzmX{¥yw (1949), Pohs‚ uXn-Im-Sn-ÿm\w (1951), Pohs‚ D¤hw (1967)F∂n-ßs\ ]e {KŸ-ß-fp-sSbpwI¿Øm-hm-W-t±-lw. CXn¬ H∂m-a-tØXpw c≠m-a-tØ-Xp-amWv IqSp-X¬{]ikvXn t\Snb ]pkvX-I-߃."imkv{Xw Ncn-{X-Øn¬' tIc-fo-b¿°vkp]-cn-Nn-X-am-Wv. "imkv{X-Øns‚kmaq-ly-[¿a'amI-s´, ]cn-Nn-X-am-hm≥t]mhp-I-bm-Wv. AXv Ft∂ ae-bm-f-Øn\v e`n-t°≠Xmbn-cp∂p; imkv{X-km-ln-XysØ AXv Ft∂m ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. 1971- ¬ A¥-cn® At±-l-Øns‚ \q‰n-∏Ømw P∑-hm¿jn-Ihpw \m¬]Xmw Nc-a-hm¿jn-Ihpw HØp-tN-cp∂ Cu h¿j-Øn¬(2011) AXv ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS ssIbn-se-Øp-sa∂v {]Xo-£n-°mw.

imkv{Xhpw kap-Zm-bhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-߃ Bg-Øn¬ ]Tn-°p-hm≥ BZy-ambn apXn¿∂ imkv{X-⁄≥ _¿W¬ Bbn-cp-∂p. "imkv{XwNcn - {X-Øn¬' F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬At±lw ]d-bp∂p: ""kap -Zmbwimkv{X-sØ-sb-∂-t]m-se, imkv{Xwkap-Zm-b-sØbpw kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p.''am¿Ivkns‚ Bi-b-ß-fpsS Nph-Sp-]n-Sn-®mWv _¿W¬ Cu \nK-a-\-Øn-se-

imkv{Xhpw kap-Zm-bhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-߃ Bg-Øn¬ ]Tn-°p-hm≥ BZy-ambnapXn¿∂ imkv{X-⁄≥_¿W¬ Bbn-cp-∂p."imkv{Xw Ncn-{X-Øn¬'F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬At±lw ]d-bp∂p:""kap-Zmbw imkv{X-sØ-sb-∂-t]m-se, imkv{Xwkap-Zm-b-sØbpw kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p.'' am¿Ivkns‚Bi-b-ß-fpsS Nph-Sp-]n-Sn-®mWv _¿W¬ Cu\nK-a-\-Øn-se-Øn-b-sX∂v ]d-™m¬ sX‰n-√."am¿Ivkpw imkv{Xhpw'F∂ Xs‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ At±lw Fgp-Xp∂p: ""imkv{X-Øns‚kmaq-ly-kz-`m-hhpwkap-Zm-b-Øn\v imkv{X-tØm-Sp≈ IS-∏mSpwBZy-ambn hni-Zo-I-cn-®Xvam¿Ivkv BWv.''

28 Pq¨ 2011

Øn-b-sX∂v ]d-™m¬ sX‰n -√."am¿Ivkpw imkv{Xhpw' F∂ Xs‚]pkvX-I-Øn¬ At±lw Fgp-Xp∂p:""imkv{X-Øns‚ kmaq-ly-kz- m-hhpwkap-Zm-b-Øn\v imkv{X-tØm-Sp≈ IS-∏mSpw BZy-ambn hni-Zo-I-cn -®Xvam¿Ivkv BWv.'' imkv{X-Øns‚ kmaq-ly-hiw Du∂n-s°m≠v _¿W¬ as‰m-cn-SØv ]d-bp∂p: ""imkv{Xw IΩyq-Wn-k-am-Wv.'' tKm¿U¨ {_uWns\ D≤-cn-®p-sIm-≠v, At±lw hy‡-am-°p∂p:""kXyw, kzbw hy‡-am-hp∂ kXyw,imkv{X-k-Xyw- -H∂pw tIh-e-a√; F√m-‰n-t\bpw kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ IÆp-I-fn-eqsS ImtW-≠-Xm-Wv.'' _¿W-ens‚Z¿i-\-sØbpw kao-]-\-sØbpw Cu]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv ImtW-≠-Xv, hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xv.

"imkv{Xw Ncn-{X-Øn¬' F∂{KŸw imkv{X-km-ln-Xy-Ønse"¢mknIv' BsW∂p ]d-bmw. AXns‚H∂mw-`mKw 1963-˛¬ tIcf kmlnXyA°m-Zan {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. ap≠-t»cnamÃ-dpsS \n¿t±-i-{]-Imcw Fw.-kn.\ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-SmWv hnh¿Ø\w \n¿h-ln-®-Xv. ]ecpw hmbn-°m≥ B{K-ln-

®n-cp∂ Hcp ]pkvX-I-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠v,B ]gb Ime-Øp-t]mepw "sdt°m-¿Uv' hn¬]-\-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. Zu¿`m-Ky-h-im¬, \mev hmfy-ß-fp≈ ]pXnbkNn-{X-∏-Xn-∏ns‚ hnh¿Ø-\hpw{]kn-≤o-I-c-Whpw hf-sc-b-[nIw\o≠p-t]m-bn. HSp-hn¬ imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv 2000- ¬ _¿W-ens‚P∑-i-Xm-_vZn°v sXm´p-apºv \m-ep-hm-fy-ßfpw Hcp-an®v ]pd-Øn-d-°n. ]n.tKmhn-μ-]n≈ Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p:""AXv ae-bmf imkv{X-km-ln-Xy-Øn\vHcp alm-\p-{K-lhpw alm-\mb imkv{X-⁄\v ae-bm-f-°c \¬Ip∂ Hcp P∑-i-Xm_vZn ]pc-kvIm-c-hp-am-Wv... Cual¬ kw`m-h-\bv°v Fw.-kn. \ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sn-s\bpw imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-j-Øn-s\bpw F{X A`n-\-μn-®mepwaXn--bm-hn√.''2 Bbncw cq] apJ-hn-e-

hn⁄m-\-Øns‚]pØ-≥ taJ-e-I-f-dn-bm≥

imkv{X-tI-cfw

sslkvIqƒ {]mb-°m-cmb

Ip´n-Iƒ°pw c£n-Xm-°ƒ°pw

A[ym-]-I¿°pw Adn-bm\pw

kq£n-®p-h-bv°m-\p-ap-X-Ip∂

imkv{X-am-knI

hm¿jnI hcn-kwJy 125 cq]

hni-Z-hn-h-c-߃°v

amt\-PnwKv FUn-‰¿imkv{X-tI-cfw

]cn-jZv h≥, Nme-∏pdwtImgn-t°mSv - 673002t^m¨: 0495 2701919

bp≈ ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ aq∂p ]Xn-∏p-I-fmWv NqS-∏w-t]mse hn‰p-t]m-b-Xv.kmlnXy A°m-Z-an-bp-tS-X-S-°-ap≈]e Ahm¿Up-Ifpw ]pkvX-I-Øn\ve`n-®p. CsX√mw F¥mWv ImWn-°p-∂Xv? tIc-f-Ønse imkv{X-km-lnXy{]ÿm-\-Øn¬ _¿W-ens‚ \ho-\m-i-b-ß-fp-sSbpw A`n-{]m-b-ß-fp-sSbpwkzm[o-\-at√?

kμ¿`-h-im¬ ]d-bs´ \sΩ_¿W¬ F∂-t]mse C¥y At±-l-sØbpw kzm[o-\n®p F∂v ]d-bmw.kqNn -∏n -°p -∂-Xn -XmWv: C¥y≥imkv{X-⁄-\mb Un.-Un. tImkmw_nimkv{X-Øn\v \¬Inb {]i-kvX-amb\n¿h-N-\-sØ- -B-h-iysØ Is≠-Ø-emWv imkv{Xw F∂ \n¿h-N-\-sØ- -_-¿W¬ "imkv{Xw Ncn-{X-Øn¬'s‚XpS-°-Øn¬ Xs∂ AtX-]Sn kzoI-cn®p!3

"imkv{Xw Ncn-{X-Øn¬' F∂{KŸ-Øn¬ _¿W¬ ]T\hnt[-b-am-°p -∂Xv Ncn - {Xhpw kaq -lhpwimkv{Xhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-am-sW-¶n¬, "imkv{X-Øns‚ kmaq-ly-[¿aw'hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂Xv imkv{X-

"imkv{Xw Ncn-{X-Øn¬' F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ _¿W¬]T\hnt[-b-am-°p-∂Xv Ncn-{Xhpw kaq-lhpwimkv{Xhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-am-sW-¶n¬,"imkv{X-Øns‚ kmaq-ly-[¿aw'hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂Xv imkv{X-hpw kaq-lhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-am-Wv.AXn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏-Sp∂ ]e Imcy-ßfpwtIc-fsØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Ct∏mgpw{]k-‡-am-Wv.

imkv{X-KXn 29

hpw kaq-lhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-am-Wv. AXn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏-Sp∂ ]eImcy-ßfpw tIc-fsØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Ct∏mgpw {]k-‡-am-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v, hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ Imcy-sa-Sp-°mw. "kmaq-ly-[¿a'Øn¬ hfschni-Z-amb ]T-\-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-°nbHcp hnj-b-am-Wn-Xv. {]mY-anIhnZym-`ymkw sXm´v k¿h-I-em-im-em-hn-Zym-`ymkw hsc-bp≈ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-IƒAt±lw Ah-tem-I\w sNøp-∂p-≠v,t]mcm-bva-Iƒ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p-≠v,ta¬\S]-Sn-Iƒ \n¿t±-in-°p-∂p-ap-≠v.Kth-j-W-Øn\v At±lw hf-sc-b-[nIw{]m[m\yw \¬Ip-∂p. tIc-fo-b-cpsSG‰hpw Zp¿_-e-amb hn`mKw AXm-Wp-Xm-\pw. CXp-t]m-ep≈ ]e {]iv\-߃°pw ]cn-lmcw ImWm≥ "kmaq-ly-[¿a'Ønse \n¿t±-i-߃ klm-b-I-am-hp-sa∂v Xo¿®-bm-Wv. tIc-fsØA`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ ]e {]iv\-ß-fnepw CS-s]-Sm≥ ]cn-j-Øn\v Ign-™n-´p-≠-t√m? ChnsS ]cn-j-Øn-s‚bpw_¿W-en-s‚bpw kao-]-\-߃°v kam-\-X-Iƒ Gsd-bp-≠v.

Cu Ah-tem-I-\-Øns‚ apJy-[m-c-bn¬s]Sm-Ø, F∂m¬ {]k-‡-ambNne Imcy-ß-fn-te°v {i≤ £Wn-°-s´.

_¿W¬ Ncn-{X-sØbpw kap-Zm-b-sØbpw imkv{XsØ-Ø-s∂bpwImWp-∂Xv bptdm-∏ns‚ IÆ-S-bn-eq-sS-bm-sW∂v ]cs° Bt£-]-ap-≠v.as‰m-cp-hn-[-Øn¬ ]d-™m¬, At±-l-Øns‚ ]pkvX-I -߃ "bqtdmsk≥{Sn°v' BW-s{X.4 Cu Zu¿_eywAt±lw Xs∂ kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p-≠v.5 F-∂m¬ Nne¿ sNøp-∂-t]m-se, CuImcyw Nq≠n-°m´n At±-lsØ {Iqin-°p-∂-Xn-\¿∞-an-√.

_¿W-ens‚ ]cn -K -W-\bv°vhcmØ Hcp `q`m-K-amWv, "Ccp-f-S™`qJ-WvU-sa∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°m-dp≈B{^n-°. a\p-jy-hw-i-Øns‚ P∑- qanIng-°≥ B{^n-°-bm-sW-∂mWv sXfn-hp-Iƒ \¬Ip∂ kqN-\. A{XbpwkpZo¿L-amb Hcp ]mc-º-cy-Øn\v Ah-Im-in-bmWv B{^n-°-°m-c≥. Abm-fpsS Ncn-{Xhpw kmaq-ly-L-S-\bpwimkv{Xhpw khn-ti-j-]-T-\-Øn\vhnt[-b-am-th-≠-Xt√? mKy-h-im¬, ""Znªm°v AØo\'' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn-eqsS sP.-Un. _¿W-ens‚ aI-\mbam¿´n≥ _¿W¬ B ISa \n¿h-ln-®n- p≠v (Hcp sImSp-¶m-‰p-b¿Øn-s°m-≠mWv B ]pkvXIw hmb-\-°m-cpsSssIbn-se-Øn-bXv; cq£-amb hna¿i-\-ßfpw hnhm-Z-ßfpw BWv AXns\kzoI-cn-®Xv).

C\n ssN\-bpsS Imcyw. \mwDSs\ sNs∂-Øp-∂Xv tPmk v \o[m-anepw At±-l-Øns‚ hniz-hn-Jym-X-amb ""imkv{Xhpw \mK-cn-I-XbpwssN\-bn¬'' F∂ {KŸ-Øn-ep-am-Wv.ssN\-sb-∏‰n \o[mw \S-Øn-bn -´p≈Xpt]m-ep≈ Hcp ]T\w AXn-\p-apºpw AXn-\p-ti-jhpw \S-∂n-´n-√.A{Xbpw ka-{Khpw kºq¿W-hp-am-bn-cp∂p B ]T-\w.

sP.-Un. _¿W-ens‚ {KŸ-ß-fmb"imkv{X-Øns‚ kmaq-ly-[¿aw',"imkv{Xw Ncn-{X-Øn¬': am¿´n≥_¿W-ens‚ "ªm°v AØo\'; \o[m-ans‚ "imkv{Xhpw \mK-cn-I-XbpwssN\-bn¬'˛Cu ]pkvX-I-߃ Hcp-an®v hmbn-®m¬, Iptd-sbms° ]q¿W-amb Hcp temI-N-cn{Xw sXfn-™p-h-cp-sa-∂mWv hnZ-Kv[m- n-{]m-bw. At∏mgpwC¥ybpw Ad-_ncm-Py-ßfpw ]pd-Øp-X-s∂.

\o[m-ans‚ ]T\w \S-∂n´v Ac\q‰m≠p Ign-™p. C¥y-sb-∏‰n AXp-t]m-semcp ]T\w \S-°msX t]mbXvF¥p-sIm-≠mWv? DØcw In´mØ HcptNmZyw. Nne imkv{X-N-cn-{X-߃ Fgp-X-s∏-´n-´p-s≠-∂p-am-{Xw. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v; ]n.-kn. tdbpsS "ck-X-{¥-Øns‚ Ncn{Xw' (1918); _n. -Fw.koens‚ "{]mNo-\-ln-μp -°-fpsSimkv{Xw' (1915); t_mkv, sk≥, kp∫-cm-b∏ F∂n-h¿ Fgp-Xnb "C¥y-bnseimkv{X-Øns‚ kw{K-ln® Ncn{Xw';KWn-X-im-kv{X-⁄\pw Ncn-{X-Im-c-\p-amb Un.-Un. tImkmw-_n-bpsS "C¥y≥\mK-cn-I-X-bpsS am¿IvknÃv Ncn{Xw'(1985).

C…m-anI imkv{X-sa∂ t]cn¬Adn-b-s∏-´n -cp∂ Ad-_nim-kv{X-Øns‚ \ne hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. KWn-X-Ønepw sshZy-im-kv{X-Ønepw ]pXnb

am\w krjvSn-®p-sIm≠mWv AXv apt∂-dn -b -sX-¶nepw AXn\v Du¿Pw]I¿∂Xpw AXns\ hnI-kn-∏n-®Xpw]pdw cmPyßfn¬\n∂v kzoI-cn®ssh⁄m-\nI kº-Øm-Wv. {]mNo-\-Im-eØv Ad-_n-Iƒ bqtdm-∏p-ambpwC¥y-bp-ambpw \nc-¥cw hmWn-Py-_‘w ]pe¿Øn-t∏m-∂n-cp-∂p. Ahn-S-ß-fn¬\n∂v e`n-°p∂ ssh⁄m-\n-I-{K-Ÿ-߃ A∏-t∏mƒ hnh¿Ø\wsNbvXp-t]m-∂p. _mKvZm-Znepw a‰pwCØcw hnh¿Ø-\-tI-{μ-߃ ÿnc-ambn {]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂p-h-s{X. Aß-s\-bmWv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ C¥y-bpsSkw`m-h-\-bmb "]qPy'hpw A°-ßfpw"Ad_v A°-߃' F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-bm≥ CS-bm-b-Xv.

Gsd \o´p-∂n√. Rm≥ Dd®p hniz-kn-°p∂p: kap-Zm-b-Øn\v Hcp `mhn-bp-s≠-∂v, \mK-cn-I-Xbv°v Hcp `mhn-bp-s≠-∂v, imkv{X-Øn\pw Hcp `mhn-bp-s≠-∂v. K{_n-tb¬ s]dn7 ]mSnbt]mse ""Rm≥ ]mSp∂ \mtf-Iƒkz]v\w ImWp-∂p.''

1. Bƒ C¥y ]o∏nƒkv kb≥kvtIm¨{K- n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n® {]_-‘w.

2. tZim-`n-am\n : 25-˛11-˛2000

3. imkv{Xw Ncn-{X-Øn¬. hmfyw 1, t]Pv58.

4. situating the History of Science - t]Pv 1.

5. "imkv{Xw Ncn-{X-Øn¬'˛hmfyw 1, t]Pv423-˛24

6. C¥y-°m¿t]mepw I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºp-X-s∂, Z£nW Ata-cn-°-bnse "amb≥ kwkvImcw' "]qPy'-Øns‚ D]-tbmKw I≠p-]n-Sn-®n-cp-∂p-h-s{X. FgpØpw hmb-\bpw Adn-bmØ Ah¿ IW-°p -Iq -´ -en¬ka¿∞-cm-bn-cp-∂p.

7. c≠mw temI alm-bp-≤-Im-eØv,P¿a≥Im¿ h[n® {^©v Hfn-t∏m-cm-fn-bmWv Km{_n-tb¬ s]dn.

30 Pq¨ 2011

kmaqly ]cn-h¿Ø\w hcp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb Npa-XesXmgn -emfn h¿K-Øn -\m -sW∂vam¿Ivkv. AXv Acm-jv{Sob P\m-h-en-bv°m-sW-∂-Xn\v ssk≤m-¥n-I-ambsXfn-hp-I-sfm∂pw CXp-hsc apt∂m vhbv°-s∏-´n-´n-√. ssk≤m-¥nI sXfn-hp-I-sf-∂m¬ kaq-l-Øns‚ B¥-cnILS-\-tbbpw AXnse hnhn[ LS-I-ß-tf-bpw, Ah XΩn-ep≈ _‘-ß-tfbpw sshcp-≤y-ß-tf-bpw, hni-Ie\wsNbvXv, hnhn-[-L- -ß-fn¬ kaq-l-Øn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ kwL¿j-ßsf ]T\hnt[-b-am-°n, kmaq-ly-N-e-\-Øns‚Zni \n¿W-bn-°m-\p≈ tijn Acm-jv{Sob P\m-h-en-bn¬ \n£n-]vX-am-bn-cn-°p∂p F∂v sXfn-bn-°p∂ ssk≤m-¥nI cq]-߃ F∂¿∞w. AØcw

ssk≤m-¥nI cq]-߃ C\nbpw cq]-s∏-´n-´n-√. thsdmcp Xc-Øn¬ efn-X-ambn∏d-™m¬ kaqlw BsI c≠vh¿K-ß-fmbn ]nf¿∂v \n¬°p-I-bm-sW∂pw Fgp-X-s∏´ Ncn{Xw apgp-h≥Cu hncp≤ h¿K-߃ XΩn-ep≈kwL¿j-am-sW∂pw Cu kwL¿j-Øn¬ A¥na hnPbw ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS sXmgn-emfn h¿Kw tkmjy-enÃv hnπhw km[y-am-°p-sa∂ bp‡n-]q¿Whpw imkv{X-Øns‚ coXn k{º-Zm-b-߃°p-≈n¬\n-∂p-sIm≠v hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-Ø-Xp-amb Hcp kn≤m-¥-Øn\v hncp-≤tam kam-¥-ctam Bbas‰m∂v P\m-h-en-bpsS apt∂-‰sØkm[q-I-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn C√ F∂¿∞w.

F∂m¬ ]›n-ta-jy-bnepw Ad_vkaq-l-ß-fnepw \S-°p∂ ""P\m-[n-]-

Xy-Øn-\m-bp≈ P\-Iob {]t£m-`-ßsf'' ap≥\n-dpØn P\m-h-en-bpsScmjv{Sob hnPbw {]Jym-]n-°p∂ \nc-h[n cmjv{Sob hni-I-e-\-߃ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ h∂p-I-gn-™p. AXn¬ {][m-\-s∏´ H∂mWv "hnI-k-\m-\-¥ccmjv{So-b-Øns‚ tIc-fob ]cn-k-c-߃'F∂ Xe-s°-´n¬ Sn.-Sn. {ioIp-am¿am[yaw hmcn-I-bn¬ (2011 G{]n¬ 18)Fgp-Xnb teJ-\w. {ioIp-am¿ am{X-a√tIc-f-Ønse a[y-h¿K _p≤n-Po-hn-I-fmsI C°m-cy-Øn¬ Bth-i- -cn-X-cm-Wv. apJy-[mcm am[y-a-ßfpw en‰n¬amK-kn-\p-Ifpw AS-ßp∂ am[yatemI-amsI Ad_v tZi-ß-fnset^bvkv_p-°v, Hm¿°p v hnπ-h-ß-fn¬Bthiw sIm≠v temIsØ am‰n-sb-gp-Xp-∂-Xn-\p≈ A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-߃

cmjv{SX{¥wtPmPn Iq´p-tΩ¬

P\m-h-en-bpsS cmjv{Sobw

F∂ km{am-P y-Xz-X{¥w

P\m-h-en-bpsS cmjv{Sobw

F∂ km{am-P y-Xz-X{¥w

apX-em-fn-Ø-Øn\v kwL-S-\-Ifpw {]ÿm-\-ßfpw Bh-iy-an-√. \ne-\n¬°p∂hyh-ÿn-Xn-bnse B[n-]Xyw F∂ A\p-Iq-e-L-SIw apX-em-fn-Ø-Øn\v Ct∏m-ƒ D≠v. sNdpØv \n¬∏p-Iƒ°mWv kwL-Sn-X-cq-]hpw AXns\ \ne-\n¿Øm-\p≈ {]Xyb imkv{Xhpw th≠-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v tIc-f-Ønse Iayq-Wn-Ãv- -sXm-gn-emfn hncp≤ i‡n-Iƒ°v P\-Io-b-X-bp-sSbpw t]mcm- -Øn-s‚bpw I]-S-apJw\¬Im-\p≈ Hcp {]N-c-W-bp-≤-Øns‚ s]cp-ºd AWn-b-d-bn¬ apg-ßp-∂XvImtXm¿Øm¬ B¿°pw tIƒ°m-hp-∂-tX-bp-≈q.

imkv{X-KXn 31

Acm-jv{Sob P\m-h-en-tb-bpw, kq£va-Xe kmaq-ly-kw-L¿j-ß-fn¬ hnπhcmjv{So-b-Øns‚ ]Zm-h-en-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v CS-s]-Sp∂ \h-{]-Xn-tcm[ kwL-ß-tfbpw G¬∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p.Bkq-{Xn-X-amb LS-\-tbm, tI{μo-Ir-X-amb t\Xr-Xztam D≈ kpkw-L-Sn-X-amb ka-c-ß-f√ temI-Øns‚ mhnXocp -am -\n -°p -∂-sX∂pw sNdnbk∂≤ kwL-S-\-Iƒ, sIm®p {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-߃, ssk_¿ Iq´m-bva-IƒXpS-ßn-b-h-bmWv hº≥ hnπ-h-߃\bn-°m≥ t]mIp-∂-sX∂pw Ah¿Bthiw sIm≈p-∂p. Pam AsØC…m-an-bpsS bph-P\ hn`m-K-ambtkmfn-Um-cn‰n apX¬ hnhn[ sNdp]cn-ÿnXn {Kq∏p-Iƒ hsc CXv G‰p]mSp-∂p.

CuPn-]vXns‚ BsI P\-kw-Jy-sb-{X-bmWv F∂ tNmZy-Øn\v Hcp k¿h-hn-⁄m-\tImi-Øn¬\nt∂m C‚¿s\-‰n¬\nt∂m DØcw e`y-am-Wv. F∂m¬CuPn-]v‰n¬ F{X-t]¿°v Iºyq-´¿˛C‚¿s\‰v kwhn-[m-\-߃ e`y-am-Wv. F{X-t]¿ t^kv_p-°n¬ AwK-ß-fm-Wv. F{X-t]¿ kPo-h-ambn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v, Ah¿ ssk_¿ktμ-i-߃ Ipdn-®Xv Cw•o-jntemCuPn-]vjy≥ mj-bn-tem, Cw•o-jn-se-¶n¬ F{X-t]¿ CØcw Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-߃°v DX-Ipw-hn[w Cw•ojv ]Tn-® -h -cmWv XpS -ßnb tNmZy -߃s°m∂pw DØcw e`n-°pI Ffp-∏-a-√. ]t£ Cu ZØ-ß-sfm∂pwC√msX CuPn-]v‰nse kac kwL-mS-\-Øn¬ t^bvkv _p°ns‚ kzm[o\wF{X-sb∂v Fßs\ Dd-∏n-°pw F∂tNmZyw Bcpw tNmZn-°p-∂n-√. C‚¿s\‰n-eqsS Ipdn-®n-Sp∂ A]q¿WhpwIrXy-X-bn-√mØ Ipdn-∏p-I-fpamWvBbn-c-°-W-°n\v {]t£m-`-Isc{]t£m-`-Øns‚ kqNn-ap-\-bn-te°vsIm≠p h∂-sX∂ tIhe hnizm-khpw {]N-c-Whpw kmam\y _p≤n-bp≈ Hcmƒ°pw apJ-hn-ebv°v FSp-°m -\m -hn -√. F∂m¬ Ad_vap√∏q˛Xm-a-c -∏qhv hnπ-h-߃°v]n∂n¬ kpkw-L-Sn-X-amb Hcp ka-c-kw-L-S\ {]Xy-£-Øn¬ ImWm-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂ns√-∂Xv Hcp kXy-am-Wv. CuhnS-hn-\p-≈n¬ BtKmf cmjv{So-b-Øns‚ shfn-s∏-SmØ Hcp apJwKp]vX-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CuPn-]v‰nepwSqWo-jy-bnepw {]t£m- -I¿°v A¥nahnPbw t\Sn-s°m-Sp-ØXv P\-Iob C—-b-s√∂pw ]´mfw \S-Ønb Imep-am-‰-am-sW-∂p-ap≈ hkvXp-Xsb Bhp-∂{X ad®v hbv°m≥ F√m DØ-cm-[p-\nI hni-I-e-\-ßfpw {ian-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂v Nne kXy-߃ hmbn-s®-Sp-

t°-≠-Xp-≠v. CXv Hcp {][m-\-s∏´kwK-Xn-bm-Wv. Hcp cmPy-Øns‚ ]´mfws^bvkv_p-°nse Ipdn∏v hmbn®vcmPy-Øns‚ `mhnsb kw_-‘n®\n¿Wm-b-I-amb Xocp-am\w ssIs°m-≈p -sa∂v hniz -kn -°m≥ am{Xw_p≤niq\ycmWv temI-P-\-X-bmsIF∂v hcptam? kwib-ap-≈-h¿ C°m-cy-Øn¬ en_n-b-sb-°qSn tN¿Øph®vhmbn-°p-I. en_n-b-bn¬ ]´mfw K±m-^nsb ssIhn- n-√. AØcsamc-h-ÿ-bn¬ hnπhw hnP-bn-∏n-°m≥ GXp-Xcw]qaWw {]k-cn-∏n-®-Xp-sIm≠pw Imcy-an-s√∂pw km{am-PyXzw CS-s]-Sp-I-bmWv th≠-sX∂pw Ata-cn -°,{^m≥kv, {_n´¨ kJy-Øn\v a\- n-embn F∂Xv Hcp Nq≠p ]e-I-bm-Wv.km{am-PyXzw t\cn- n-d-ßmsX Imcyw \S-°p-sa-¶n¬ F√m-hn[ ""]qa-W-ßfpw''Hcp ad am{X-am-Wv. Ah ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-∂n-SØv km{am-PyXzw AXns‚ {IqcZwjv{S-ß-fp-ambn Cd-ßp-Ibpw sNøpw.Ad_v temIsØ Acm-jv{Sob P\m-h-en-bpsS apt∂-‰-ßsf {]Io¿Øn®am[y-a-߃ Xs∂ en_n-b-bnsekm{am-PyXz CS-s]-S-ens\ \ymbo-I-cn-°p-∂Xpw ImWmw. ""P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ Im‰v en_n-b-bnepw FØs´''F∂ Xe-s°-´n¬ 2011 am¿®v 21-˛\vZo]nI Zn\-∏{Xw Fgp-Xnb apJ-{]-kwKw AØ-c-Øn-sem-∂m-Wv.

""bp.-F≥. {]ta-b-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ shSn-\n¿Ø¬ {]Jym-]n-®n-s√-¶n¬ en_n-b-bn¬ CS-s]-Sp-sa∂ ap∂-

Bkq-{Xn-X-amb LS-\-tbm, tI{μo-Ir-X-ambt\Xr-Xztam D≈ kpkw-L-Sn-X-amb ka-c-ß-f√temI-Øns‚ `mhnXocp-am-\n-°p-∂-sX∂pwsNdnb k∂≤ kwL-S-\-Iƒ, sIm®p {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-߃, ssk_¿Iq´m-bva-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-bmWv hº≥ hnπ-h-߃\bn-°m≥ t]mIp-∂-sX∂pw Ah¿ BthiwsIm≈p-∂p. Pam AsØC…m-an-bpsS bph-P\hn`m-K-amb tkmfn-Um-cn‰n apX¬ hnhn[sNdp ]cn-ÿnXn {Kq∏p-Iƒ hsc CXv G‰p]mSp-∂p.

32 Pq¨ 2011

dn-bn∏v Ah-K-Wn®v {]t£m- -߃s°-Xnsc ssk\nI \S-]-Sn -I-fp-ambnapt∂m- p-t]m-b-XmWv AhnsS thymam-{I-aWw \S-Øm≥ ]m›mXy i‡n-Isf \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-°n-b-Xv'' F∂v ]d-™mWv apJ-{]-kwKw Hcp cmPy-Øns‚B`y-¥c kwL¿j-Øn¬ km{am-PyXzw CS-s]-Sp-∂-Xns\ \oXn-a-XvI-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CXv CuPn-]v‰n\pw SpWo-jybv°pw _m[-I-am-Wv. ]qaW hnπ-h-߃ ]cm-P-b-s∏- n-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Xo¿®-bmbpw AhnsS km{am-PyXzw CS-s]-Sp-am-bn-cp∂p F∂ kqN-\-bmWv \ap°vCXn¬\n∂v hmbn-s®-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv.

km{am-PyXzw AXns‚ ]≤-Xn-Iƒhfsc Bkq-{Xn-X-ambn \S-∏n-em-°p-∂XpX-s∂-bm-Wv. bmZr-›n-I-ambn s]m nhogp∂ \nan-Ø-߃°v th≠n Ah¿ImØn-cn-°m-dn-s√-∂-Xn\v temI-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ hnti-jm¬ sXfn-hp-Iƒ At\z-jn-t°≠ Imcy-an-√. F∂v ]d-™m¬AXn-s‚-b¿∞w DØ-cm-[p-\o-I¿{]Io¿Øn-°p∂ F√m P\m-hen apt∂-‰-ß-fp-sSbpw Atß-b-‰Øv Hcp km{am-Py-Xz-Icw Ds≠-∂p-X-s∂-bm-Wv. H∂p-Iq-Sn, C∂sØ hym]-I-amb {]N-c-W-ß-fn-eqsS DØ-cm-[p-\n-I¿ kwL-SnX{]ÿm-\-߃°v ]Icw hbv°m≥ {ian-°p-∂Xv Acm-jv{Sob P\m-h-en-sb-b-√,km{am-Py-Xz-sØ-Ø-s∂-bm-Wv.

km{am-PyXz CS-s]-S¬ Nne-t∏mƒ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sm-sa∂pw H∂-ctbm ct≠mZi-I-߃ Ign-bp-tºmƒ Ah shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-Sm-sa-∂p-amWv ]›na _wKm-fnse ]pcp-fn-b-bn¬ \S-Ønb Bbp-[-h¿jw kw_-‘n® shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-

Iƒ (tZ-im- n-am-\n, G{]n¬ 29) hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. C¥y-bp-sSbpw {_n -s‚bpwC‚-en-P‚ vkv GP≥kn-Iƒ, ]mIn-ÿm≥ hnam-\w, {_n ojv Um-\njv ]uc-∑m¿, C≥Uy≥ `c-W-I£n Ch-sb-√m-am-bn-cp∂p A∂v AXn¬ IÆn-tN¿∂-sX∂v ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS apJyBkq-{X-I≥ \o¬kv {InkvXy≥\o¬k¨ F∂ Inw tUhn shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-XmWv hm¿Ø. A∂v Cu KqVm-tem-N\ hnP-bn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ ]›n-a-_w-Km-fnse Iayq-WnÃv GIm-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn Ahn-SsØ Acm-jv{Sob{KmaoW P\m-hen \S-Ønb \njvI-f-¶-amb sNdpØv \n¬]ns‚ IY-IƒtemI-saßpw hym]n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.

P\m-h-en-bpsS apt∂-‰-߃°v \nc-h[n DZm-l-c-W-߃ Sn.-Sn. {ioIpamdns‚apºp-]-d™ teJ-\-Øn¬ hni-Z-am-°p-∂p-≠v. 1989- ¬ _¿en≥ aXn¬ XI¿Ø-Xpw, 1997˛¬ tkmhn-b‰v bqWn-b-\n¬bm\-tb-hns\ ]pd-Øm-°n-bXpw dpam-\n-bm-bn¬ sbj-Uv-Iyq-hn-s\bpw nen-∏o≥kn¬ tPmk v Fkv{Sm-tUm-tbbpw]pd-Øm-°n-bXpw F√mw CXn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. 1989- \pw 1991- \pw CS-bn¬ 1990Fs∂mcp h¿j-ap-s≠∂pw B h¿j-amWv tkmhn -b‰v bqWn -b≥XI¿s∂∂pw D≈ Imcy-߃ {ioIp-am¿ a\x-]q¿hw hn p-I-f-™-Xm-Im-\m-Wn-S. tkmhn-b‰v bqWn-bs‚ XI¿® IqSn]cm-a¿in-°-s∏-´n-cp-s∂-¶n¬ AXn\vapºp≈ ioX-bp-≤-Im-e-hpw, A°m-esØ km{am-PyXz X{¥-ßfpw tkmhn-b‰v bqWn-b-\n¬ ""P\m-[n-]Xyw ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈'' km{am-PyXz CS-s]-S-ep-Ifpw Hm¿t°-≠n-h-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. DØ-cm-[p-\nI Nn¥-I-∑m-cpsS Hcp {][m\Ignhv Ah¿ Hm¿°m-\m-{K-ln-°p-∂Xvam{Xta Ah-cpsS Hm¿a-I-fn¬ hcn-I-bp≈q F∂-Xm-Wv. AXp-t]mse Ah¿B[p-\nI imkv{X-Øns‚ coXn k{º-Zm-b-ßsf X≈n°fbp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.AXp-sIm -≠mWv CuPn -] v‰nses^bvkv_p°v hnπ-hsØ km[q-I-cn-°m≥ Bh-iy-amb ZØ-ß-sfm∂pwe`y-a-s√-¶nepw Ah¿°v Xß-fpsShnizm-k-k-Xy-߃°v Bh¿Øn®vkm£yw ]d-bm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv.

CXn-s‚-b¿∞w P\m-h-en-bpsScmjv{So-b-sa-∂Xv {]N-c-W-ß-fn¬ am{Xw\ne-\n¬°p∂ H∂m-sW-∂-√. AXns‚{]mtbm-KnI cq]-߃ krjvSn-s®-Sp-°m-\p≈ \nc-h[n {]h¿Ø-\-߃ \S-°p-∂p-≠v. ]pcp-fn-bm-bn¬ AXv hn -e-am-sb-¶n¬ AÆm-l-kmsc F∂ Agn-aXnhncp≤ _nw_w \n¿an-s®-Sp-Ø-Xn-eqsSAXn\v hnP-bn® Hcp amXr-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. AÆm-l-kmsc A©v Znh-k-amWvD]-h-kn-®-Xv. hfsc Ipd™ Znh-k-

Agn-aXn _q¿jzmcmjv{So-b-Øns‚kl-P-kz-`m-h-am-Wv.F∂m¬ AÆm-l-kmschnP-b-I-c-ambn ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb Hcp ZuXy-ap-≠v.AXv as‰m-∂p-a√;Agn-a-Xn°v FXn-cmbka-c-Øn¬ \n∂v cmjv{So-b-°msc Hgn®v \n¿Ø-W-sa∂ a[y-h¿K-tam-lsØ C≥Uy≥a\- n¬ Dd-∏n-s®-Sp-Øp-sh-∂-Xm-Wv. H‰-s∏´hy‡n-Xz-ßsf P\-ß-fpsS C—°v ]Icwhbv°p∂ AtXP\m-h-en-bpsS cmjv{So-b-amWv AÆm-l-kmscÿm]n-s®-Sp-°m≥{ian-°p-∂-Xv.

imkv{X-KXn 33

"Nn¥n-°p∂ a\p-jy≥' F∂pwhniz-kn-°m-\n-jvS-s∏-´n-cp-∂Xv Xm≥ssZh-Øns‚ DXvIr-jvS-kr-jvSn-bm-sW∂pw a‰p Poh-Pm-e-ß-fn¬\n∂vhyXy -kvX\pw BsW-∂pam -Wv .F∂m¬ Nmƒkv Um¿hns‚ ]cn-Wm-a-kn-≤m-¥-Øns‚ {]Nm-c-tØmsSAØcw Nn¥-Iƒ°v am‰w hcp-Ibpwa\p -jy≥ Bƒ°p-cßv h¿K-Øn¬s∏´ Hcp Pohn am{X-am-sW-∂p-ap≈ imkv{X-kXyw a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øn¬ thtcm-Sm≥ XpS-ßp-IbpwsNbvXp. Hm¿a, Nn¥, hnIm-c-߃,

t_m[w XpS-ßnb DXvIrjvS at\m-\n-e-Iƒ a‰p arK-߃°v A{]m-]y-am-sW∂pw Ch a\p-jy-h¿K-Øns‚am{Xw IpØ-I-bm-sW-∂p-ap≈ hmZ-Øn\v bmsXmcp Cf-°hpw kw -hn-®n-√. B[p-\nI a\-im-kv{X-Ønepw\yqtdm-k-b≥kn-ep-ap-≠mb hnπ-h-I-c-amb I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-߃, at\m-hym-]m-c-ß-sf√mw Xe-t®m-dns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ am{X-am-sW∂v sXfn-bn-®-tXmsS,ico-c-Øn-s\mcp ]cn-Wma Ncn-{X-ap-s≠-¶n¬ hnIm-c -߃°pw Nn¥-Iƒ°pw t_m[-Øn\pw k¿thm-]cn

a’ytemIsØ

amkva-c-°m-gvN-Iƒ

߃sIm≠v am[y-a-ß-fp-sSbpw a[y-h¿K-k-aq-l-Øn-s‚bpw ]n¥p-W-tbmsSAgn-a-Xn-bvs°-Xn-cmb Hcp henb{]t£m-` -ambn AXv amdn. CutemIv]m¬ \nbaw hcn-Itbm hcm-Xn-cn-°p-Itbm sNømw. AXv h∂mepw Hcp_q¿jzm c-W-Iq-S-Ønse Agn-a-Xn-Iƒ\n¿_m[w XpS-cp-sa-∂-Xn¬ B¿°pwkwi-b-sam-∂p-an-√. ImcWw Agn-aXn_q¿jzm cmjv{So-b-Øns‚ kl-P-kz- m-h-am-Wv. F∂m¬ AÆm-l-kmsc hnP-b-I-c-ambn ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb Hcp ZuXy-ap-≠v. AXv as‰m-∂p-a√; Agn-a-Xn°vFXn-cmb ka-c-Øn¬ \n∂v cmjv{So-b-°msc Hgn®v \n¿Ø-W-sa∂ a[y-h¿K-tam-lsØ C≥Uy≥ a\- n¬ Dd-∏n-s®-Sp-Øp-sh-∂-Xm-Wv. H‰-s∏´ hy‡n-Xz-ßsf P\-ß-fpsS C—°v ]Icwhbv°p∂ AtX P\m-h-en-bpsS cmjv{So-

b-amWv AÆm-l-kmsc ÿm]n-s®-Sp-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂-Xv.

tIc-f-Ønse kq£va-Xe cmjv{So-b-Øns‚ {]mtbm-KnI taJ-e-bn¬ CXv

{]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p∂Xn\p≈ \nc-h[n]co-£-W-߃ \S-∂n- p-≠v. hnI-k-\-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ cmjv{Sobw am‰n-h-

bv°-W-sa∂ ka-hmb ap{Zm-hmIywapX¬ tIc-f-Ønse ]pXnb ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ ¢mkp-ap-dn-bnse ⁄mt\m-Xv]m-Z-\-sa∂ k¶-ev]-Øn-s\-Xn-cmb aX kwL-S-\-I-fpsS\o°w hsc Cu ]pXnb cmjv{So-b-Øns‚ ]co-£-W-im-e-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p.apØß apX¬ sNßd hsc-bp≈ ka-c-ap-J-ß-fn¬ I≠Xpw CXp-X-s∂. πm®n-a-S-bn¬ \S∂ {]t£m-`-ß-fn-sem-cn-SØpw cmjv{SobØns‚ ap{Z ]Xn-b-cpXvF∂v AXns‚ kwLm-S -Icpwkvt]m¨k¿amcpw \n¿_‘w ]nSn-®-t∏mƒ shfn-hm-bXv CXp-X-s∂.

kwL-SnX {]ÿm-\-ßsfXI¿°pI F∂p-]-d-™m¬ sXmgn-em-fn-I-fp-sSbpw Zp¿_-e-cp-sSbpw Ah-Im-

i-t∏m-cm-´-ßsf XI¿°pI Ft∂A¿∞ap≈q. ImcWw apX-em-fn-Ø-Øn\v kwL-S-\-Ifpw {]ÿm-\-ßfpwBh-iy-an-√. \ne-\n¬°p∂ hyh-ÿn-Xn-bnse B[n-]Xyw F∂ A\p-Iq-e-L-SIw apX-em-fn-Ø-Øn\v Ct∏m-ƒD≠v. sNdpØv \n¬∏p-Iƒ°mWvkwL-Sn -X-cq -]hpw AXns\ \ne-\n¿Øm-\p≈ {]Xyb imkv{Xhpwth≠-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v tIc-f-ØnseIayq-Wn-Ãv- -sXm-gn-emfn hncp≤ i‡n-Iƒ°v P\-Io-b-X-bp-sSbpw t]mcm- -Øn-s‚bpw I]-S-apJw \¬Im-\p≈ Hcp{]N-c-W-bp-≤-Øns‚ s]cp-ºd AWn-b-d-bn¬ apg-ßp-∂Xv ImtXm¿Øm¬B¿°pw tIƒ°m-hp-∂-tX-bp-≈q.

a’yhn⁄m\wcmtIjv hn.-_n., tUm. _nt\mbv hn.-hn.

]cn-Wm-a-t{i-Wn-bnse ÿm\w h®p t\m°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ `qap-JØv B[n-]Xyw ÿm]n® \s -√p≈Pohn h¿K-ß-fnse BZy kaq-l-Pohn a’y-am-Wv.Ign™ ]Xn-\©p h¿j-ß-fmbn hnhn[ a’y-h¿K-ß-fn¬ \S-Ønb ]co-£-W-߃ sXfn-bn-°p-∂Xva\p-jy-\n¬ ImWp∂ H´p-an° kz`mh khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw NXn apX¬ HØpXo¿∏p-hsc ao\p-I-fnepw{]I-S-amsW∂mWv.

34 Pq¨ 2011

a\-kn\p Xs∂bpw Hcp ]cn-Wm-a-IY]d-bm-\p-≠m-Int√ F∂ tNmZywimkv{X-cw-KØv P\-k-Ω-Xn-bm¿Pn-®p.XpS-c-t\z-j-W-ß-fn¬ a‰p Pohn-I-sf√mw shdpw Poh-\p≈ b{¥-ß-f-s√∂pw a\p-jy-t‚Xp am{Xw F∂-h-Im-i-s∏-´n-cp∂ ]e kz`mh hnti-j-W-ßfpw a‰p ]e P¥p-°fpw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p-s≠∂pw sXfn-™p.

]cn-Wm-a-t{i-Wn-bnse ÿm\wh®p t\m°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ qap-JØvB[n-]Xyw ÿm]n® \s´-√p≈Pohn h¿K-ß-fnse BZy kaq-l-Pohna’y-am-Wv. F∂m¬ Cu ASpØImew hsc aq∂p sk°‚ v am{XwHm¿a \n¬°p∂ Pohn-I-fm-bmWv ao\p-Isf a’y-im-kv{X-⁄-∑m¿ t]mepwIcp-Xn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Ign™]Xn-\©p h¿j-ß-fmbn hnhn[a’y-h¿K-ß-fn¬ \S-Ønb ]co-£-W-߃ sXfn-bn-°p-∂Xv a\p-jy-\n¬ImWp∂ H´p-an° kz`mh khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw NXn apX¬ HØpXo¿∏p-hscao\p-I-fnepw {]I-S-amWv F∂mWvBkvt{S-en-b≥ imkv{X-⁄-\mbCulmn Brown a’y-ßsf hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. hnIm-chpw kwkvIm-chpwD≈ Pohn-Iƒ F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂Xv a\p-jy-Po-hn-I-fmb \ap°v Hcp]t£ Aº-c-∏p -≠m-°n-tb-°mw.a\pjy akvXn-jvI-Øn-t‚-Xn\p kam-\-amb \mUo-tI-{μ-߃ a’yakvXn-jv°-Ønepw ImWm-sa∂pw Cu mK-߃°v Fs¥-¶nepw sshIeyw kw -

hn-®m¬ a\p-jy≥ {]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂AtX-Xcw kz`mhsshI-ey-߃a’y-ßfpw ImWn°pw F∂v h¿Km-kns‚ ]T-\-߃ ImWn-°p-∂p. DZm-l-c-W-ambn a\p-jy-a-kvXn-jv°-Ønselnt∏m-Iymw-]kv F∂ mKØv £X-ta¬°p-I-tbm, {]h¿Ø-\- wKw t\cn-Sp-Itbm sNbvXm¬ B hy‡n°v hgn-Iƒ ]Tn-°m\pw Hm¿an-°m-\p-ap≈Ignhp \jvS-s∏-Spw. a’y-Øns‚ Xe-t®m-dn¬ lnt∏m-Iymw-]-kn¬ Ir{Xn-a-ambn Fs¥-¶nepw am‰w hcp-Øn-bm¬AØcw a’y-ß-ƒ hgn-sX-‰n-t∏m-Ip-∂-Xmbn ImWp-∂p. CXn-se-√m-ap-]-cn-bmbn t_m[-ap≈ Pohn-I-fpsS e£-W-ambn ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂ ico-c-Øn-s‚bpw Np‰p-]m-Sp-I-fp-tSbpw am\-knINn{X-߃ \n¿an-°m\pw ]T-\-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v B Nn{X-Øn¬ am‰w hcp-Øm-\p-ap≈ Ignhv a’y-߃°p-ap-s≠∂v {_uWns‚ njv sIm·n-j≥B≥Uv _ntl-hn-b¿ F∂ ]pkvXIwka¿∞n-°p-∂p.

Hcp ao≥ Ip™p P\n-°p-∂ph¿K-t -Z-a-\p-k-cn®v ao≥Ip-™p-ß-

fpsS _meyw aq∂p Xc-Øn-emWv. Nne-bn-\-߃ P\n-°p-tºmtg H‰-°m-sW-¶n¬ a‰p-≈h _meyw Nne-hn-Sp-∂XvA—-t\mtSm AΩ-tbmtSm H∏-am-Wv.A—-t‚bpw AΩ-bp-tSbpw kvt\lwHcp-an®p e`n-°m≥ mKy-ap≈ Ip™p-ß-fp-ap-≠v. DZm-l-c-W-ambn \ΩpsS\m´n¬ kpe`amb Xnem-∏n-b-bp-tSbpwIcn-ao-\n-t‚bpw Ip™p-߃ CØ-c-°m-cm-Wv. ao≥Ip-™p-߃ km[m-c-W-ambn AXn-Po-h-\-X-{¥-߃ ]Tn-°p-∂Xv a‰p a’y-ßsf \nco-£n-®m-Wv.amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfm-sSm∏w hf-cp∂Ip™p-ß-fpsS BZy-Kp-cp-°ƒ amXm-]n -Xm -°-fm -Wv. DZm -l-c -W-Øn\vÃn°nƒ_m°v a’y-Øn¬ i{Xp-°-fn¬ \n∂v c£-s∏-Sm\pw HmSn-sbm-fn-°m-\p-≈ ]mT-߃ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xvc£n-Xm-°-fmb a’y-ß-fn¬\n∂mWv.F∂m¬ H‰bv°p hf-cm≥ hn[n-°-s∏´ Cu kv‰n-°nƒ_m°v Ip™p-߃ henb \mW-°mcpw s]s´∂v b-s∏-Sp-∂-hcpw FXn-cm-fn-I-tfmSv sNdp-Øp-\n¬°m≥ Ign-hn-√m-Ø-h-cp-am-bn-´mWv ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. IqSmsX a‰pa’y-ßsf ImWmsX H‰bv°v et_m-d- -dn-bnse kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ hf¿∂phep-Xmb B¿´nIv Nm¿ a’y-߃°va‰p kl-ao-\p-I-fp-ambn ]cn-Nbwÿm]n-°mt\m kwLw tNcmt\mD≈ Ignhv Xosc D≠m-Im-dn-s√∂vBkvt{X-en-b-bnse knUv\n k¿h-I-em-im-e-bnse imkv{X-⁄-\mb{Kn^nØv Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p.

Bƒ_-e-ap≈ {Kq∏n¬tNcm-\mWv an° a’y-߃°pw XmXv]cywF∂m¬ \ΩpsS \m´n¬k¿h-km-[m-c-W-amb Icn-IÆn ({]m-tZ-inI t`Z-a-\p-k-cn®v I√p-Øn,s]mcp°v Fs∂√mw Cuao\n\p t]cp-I-fp-≠v)F∂ a’yw ]cn-N-b-Øn\pw {]m[m\yw\¬Im-dp-≠v. GXpkwL-Øn¬ tNcWwF∂ {]iv\w hcp-tºmƒCu ao≥ km[m-c-W-bmbn ]cn-N-b-ap-≈-h-cpsS IqsS-bmWv\n¬°m-dv. F∂m¬ ]cn-N-b-°m-cpsS kwLwhfsc sNdpXpw A]-cn-Nn-X-cptSXv hfsc hep-Xp-am-sW-¶n¬∏ns∂ ]cn-Nb°msc Cu a’ywIs≠∂p \Sn-°m-dn-√.

imkv{X-KXn 35

H‰bv°p Pohn-°p-∂-h-cm-bmepwamXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS kwc-£-W-Øn¬hf-cp-∂-h-cm-bmepw "Bim≥' a’y-ßsf A\p -I -cn -°m\pw Ah-cn¬\n∂p ]Tn-°m\pw Ign-hp-≈-h-cmWv a’y-Ip-™p-߃. Cc-]n-Sn-°p-∂Xpw Cc-]n-Sn-b∑mcn¬\n∂v c£-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw Ch¿ ]cn-N-b-k-º-∂-cmba’y-ßsf \nco-£n®p ]Tn°pwF∂mWv ]T-\-߃ ImWn-°p-∂-Xv.a’y-lm-®-dn-I-fn¬ hncn-bn-s®-Sp-°p∂Ip™p-߃°v CØcw ]cn-N-b-k-º-∂-cmb Bim≥ a’y-ß-fpsStkh\w e`y-am-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬Ah hfsc thKw ]pXnb A¥-co-£-tØmSv CW-ßp-sa∂pw a‰p a’y-߃°v Cc-bm-Ip-∂Xv 80% hsc Ipd-bp-sa∂pw sXfn-bn-°-s∏- n- p-≈-Xm-Wv.C{k-tb¬, Cw•-≠v, t\m¿tΔ XpS-ßnb cmPy-߃ CØcw AXn-Po-h-\-X{¥]T-\-tI-{μ-߃ a’y lm®-dn-I-fn¬ \n¿_-‘-am-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

kaq-l-Øn-te°va’y-ßfpw kmaq-ly-Po-hn-I-fm-Wv.

LS-\sb ASn-ÿm-\-am°n a’y-ß-fpsS kaq-lsØ tjmƒ Ft∂mkvIqƒ Ft∂m c≠mbn Xcw Xncn-°mw. GsXmcp a’y-k-aq-l-am-sW-¶nepw \√ `£Ww Ign-°m-\p≈A[n-Imcw D∂-X¿°m-Wv. a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øn\p kam-\-ambn Chn-sSbpwD∂-Xcpw a¿±n-Xcpw D≠v. G‰hpw D∂-X-ÿm-\-Øn-cn-°p∂ a’yw Xmsg-°n-S-bn-ep≈ a’y-ß-sf-sb√mw CS-°n-S°v ]Xps° ISn®v Xs‚ A[n-ImcwDd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂p. ISn-°m-\p≈ CuA[n-Imcw Xmsg-Ø- n-ep-ap-≠v. X\n°vXmsg-bp-≈-hsc B¿°pw ISn°mwF∂m¬ G‰hpw Xmgv∂ ÿm\-Øp≈ ao\n\v a‰p ao\p-I-fpsS ISn-tb¬°m≥ am{X-amWv tbmKw. ]mc-ssUkv ^njv , A‰vem‚ nIvkm¬a¨, Ãn°nƒ _m°v XpS-ßnba’y-߃ kaq-l-Ønse D∂-XscImWp-tºmƒ ASn-bm-f¿ A[n-Im-cn-Isf hW-ßp-∂-Xp-t]mse Xß-fpsS\ndw ISp-∏n®p _lp-am\w ImWn-°pw. Aßs\ _lp -am -\n -®n√F¶n¬ ASpØ \nan-j-Øn-semcp ISn-]nSn Dd-∏m-Wv.

kmtlm-Z-cyhpw ]cn-N-bhpw

]pXnb ]T-\-߃ ImWn-°p-∂Xvktlm-Z-c-kvt\-lhpw ]cn-N-bhpwa’y-ß-fpsS kz`m-h-Ønepw am‰-߃hcpØpw F∂m-Wv. Xs‚ ]cn-Nn-X-\mb Ab¬°m-c≥ ktlm-Z-c-\-s√-¶n¬ t]mepw AXn¿Øn ewLn-®m¬

henb hg-s°m∂pw D≠m-Im-dn-√.am{X -a√ ]cn -N -b -°m¿ XΩn¬`£Ww ]¶p-h-bv°epw Ie-l-߃s]s´∂v HØv Xocp-∂Xpw Ãn°nƒ_m°nepw A‰vem‚nIv km¬a-Wnepwkm[m -c -W-am -Wv . A‰vem‚ nIvkm¬a¨ a’y-߃°v Xß-fpsSAXn¿Øn-bn¬ a‰p a’y-߃ IS∂phcp-∂Xv Xosc CjvS-an-√mØ Imcy-am-Wv. F∂m¬ ktlm-Z-c-ßtfm c‡-_-‘ap≈htcm Xs‚ km{am-Py-Øn¬\n∂v Cc-]n-Sn -°p-∂Xv Cua’y-߃ Ku\n-°m-dn-√. am{X-a√hn≥s_¿Kns‚ ]T-\-߃ ImWn-°p-∂Xv Xs‚ AXn¿Øn ewLn-°p∂a‰p a’y-ß-tfm-Sp≈ km¬a-Wp-I-fpsS kao-]\w Ah-bp-am-bp≈ c‡-_‘w A\p-k-cn-®n-cn°pw F∂m-Wv.ktlm-Z-c-߃°p In´p∂ Db¿∂]cn-K-W\ AI∂ _‘p-°ƒ {]Xo-£n-°≠ F∂¿∞w.

Nne cmjv{Sob Nn¥-IƒkwL-ambn Pohn-°p∂ a’y-߃

X߃°v e`n-°p∂ ]cn-K-W-\, em`wF∂n-h-sb√mw IW-°n-se-SpØvkwL-߃ amdm-dp≠v F∂v a’yKth-j-W-cw-KsØ AXn-Im-b-\mbt{SmWn ]n®¿ Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p.kwLmw-K-ßsf Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-tºmƒa’y-ß-fnepw kzP-\-]-£-]m-Xhpw]nc-N-b-hp-sa√mw ASn-ÿm-\-am-Im-dp-≠v. K∏n, ant∂m XpS-ßnb a’y-߃°v ktlm-Z-c-ßsf am{X-amWv{Kq∏n-se-Sp-°m≥ XmXv]-cyw, A]-cn-Nn-X-tcmSv henb XmXv]-cy-an-√. F∂m¬{]mb-]q¿Øn-bmb s]¨a-’y-߃

kl-Po-hn-Isf Ah-c-dn-bmsX ]‰n-°Ww F∂B{K-l-ap-≈-h¿ a’y-ß-fn-ep-ap-≠v. C°m-cy-Øn¬ hncp-X-\mb dmkvF∂ a’yw ao\p-I-fnse_yq´o-jy\pw sU‚nÃpwXzIvtcmK-hn-Z-Kv[\p-sa-√m-am-Wv. Cu a’y-Øns‚hmk-ÿm-\-Øn\pap∂n¬ henb a’y-߃ ico-chpw hmbbpwhrØn-bm°n In´m-\mbn£a-tbmsS Iyq ]men®vaWn-°q-dp-I-tfmfwImØp-\n¬°p-∂Xvkm[m-c-W-am-Wv. CØ-cwD]-t`m-‡m-°-fpsShmbnepw ico-c-Øn-ep-ap≈ ]cm-Z-ßfpw Agp-°p-I-fp-amWv dmkns‚`£Ww. AXmWv {]Xn-^-e-hpw.

36 Pq¨ 2011

A]-cn-Nn-X-cmb B¨a-’y-ß-tfmSvIq´p-Iq-Sm≥ {]tXyI XmXv]cyw ImWn-°m-dp-ap≠v F¶nepw B¨a-’y-ßsfAt]-£n®v {Kq∏p-am‰w s]¨a-’y-ß-fn¬ Xptemw Ipd-hm-Wv.

Bƒ_-e-ap≈ {Kq∏n¬ tNcm-\mWv an° a’y-߃°pw XmXv]cywF∂m¬ \ΩpsS \m´n¬ k¿h-km-[m-c-W-amb Icn-IÆn ({]m-tZ-inI t`Z-a-\p -k -cn® v I√p -Øn, s]mcp°vFs∂√mw Cu ao\n\p t]cp-I-fp-≠v)F∂ a’yw ]cn -N -b -Øn\pw{]m[m\yw \¬Im-dp-≠v. GXp kwL-Øn¬ tNcWw F∂ {]iv\w hcp-tºmƒ Cu ao≥ km[m-c-W-bmbn ]cn-N-b-ap-≈-h-cpsS IqsS-bmWv \n¬°m-dv. F∂m¬ ]cn-N-b-°m-cpsS kwLwhfsc sNdpXpw A]-cn-Nn-X-cptSXvhfsc hep-Xp-am-sW-¶n¬∏ns∂ ]cn-Nb°msc Cu a’yw Is≠∂p \Sn-°m-dn-√. IqSmsX Htc kml-N-cy-Øn¬ Pohn-°p-∂-hcpw Htc £WwCjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-hcpw s]mXp-i-{Xp-hp-≈-hcpw kam-\-a-\-kvI-cp-am-bn-t®¿∂vkwL-߃ D≠m-°p-sa∂v knUv\nk¿h-I-em-im-e-bnse hm¿Uv Is≠-Øn-bn- p-≠v.

kº-Øp-Im-eØvkºm-Zy-io-e-ap-≈-h¿ P¥p-tem-

IØv hnc-f-am-Wv. IqSp-X¬ `£Wwe`n-°p∂ ka-bØv AXv tiJ-cn-°m\pw kpc-£n-X-amb Hcp ÿeØvsN∂n-cp∂v Ign-°m\pw Adn-hp≈a’y-ß-fp-≠v. DZm-l-c-W-ambn Icp-∏nSn a’yw Ipc-ß-∑msc A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p∂ coXn-bn¬ `£Ww Xs‚hmbn¬ \nd-®p-sIm≠p t]mIpw. hni-∏p- IqSpwtXmdpw `£Ww Ign-°m≥

\n¬°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ `£Ww hmbn¬ \nd®v Icp-Xn-h-bv°m-\mWv Cu a’yw CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ck-I-c-sa∂p ]d-bs´ C¥y-°m-c-\mb Cu a’y-Øn-e-√msX as‰mcpa’y-Ønepw CØcw tiJ-c-W-ioew\mfn-Xp-hsc Is≠-Øn-bn- n-√.

NXnbpw HØp-Xo¿∏pwkl-Po-hn-Isf Ah-c-dn-bmsX ]‰n-

°Ww F∂ B{K-l-ap-≈-h¿ a’y-ß-fn-ep-ap-≠v. C°m-cy-Øn¬ hncp-X-\mb dmkv F∂ a’yw ao\p-I-fnse_yq´o-jy\pw sU‚nÃpw XzIvtcmK-hn-Z-Kv[\p-sa-√m-am-Wv. Cu a’y-Øns‚hmk-ÿm-\-Øn\p ap∂n¬ henba’y-߃ ico-chpw hmbbpw hrØn-bm°n In´m-\mbn £a-tbmsS Iyq]men®v aWn-°q-dp-I-tfmfw ImØp-\n¬°p-∂Xv km[m-c-W-am-Wv. CØ-cwD]-t`m-‡m-°-fpsS hmbnepw ico-c-Øn-ep-ap≈ ]cm-Z-ßfpw Agp-°p-I-fp-amWv dmkns‚ `£Ww. AXmWv{]Xn-^-e-hpw. F∂m¬ Nne hncp-X≥dmkp-Iƒ Agp-°p-I-tfm-sSm∏w D]-t`m-‡m-°-fpsS ico-c- m-K-ßfpw Iptds»`£-W-am-°m≥ {ian-°pw. henba’y-߃ km[m-cW CØcw Nqj-W-߃ Ku\n-°m-dn-√. CØcw dmkp-Iƒ ]ns∂ ¢o\nwKv tPmen-sbm∂pwhrØn-bmbn sNømsX D]-t`m-‡m-hns‚ icocw `£n-°p-∂-Xn-te°v\oßn, apgp-h≥ kab Nqj-I-cmbnamdpw. Cu ]Xnhp XpS¿∂m¬CØcw dmkp-Iƒ°v ]ns∂ D]-t`m-‡m-°sf In´m-Xm-Ipw. Aßs\ÿm]\w ]q´n-t]m-Im-dmb dmkp-IƒD]-t`m-‡m-°sf ¢o\nwKn-\n-S°vsNIn-f-∏q-hnepw a‰pw X´n kt¥m-jn-∏n®pw Ah-bv°p-ap -∂n¬ \rØwsNbvXpw Xs‚ {]Xn-—mb h¿[n-∏n®vIqSp-X¬ a’y-ßsf BI¿jn-°m≥{ian-°m-dp -s≠∂v kznkv kz`mhimkv{X-⁄-\mb _vjmcn t\®¿amkn-I-bn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n´p-≠v.

CXp-t]m-se-Xs∂-bmWv bqtdm-∏n¬ ImWp∂ Ãn°nƒ_m°v a’y-Øns‚ Imcy-hpw. Iq´-ambn Pohn-°p∂ Cu a’y-߃ i{Xp-a-’y-ß-fpsS \o°-߃ a\- n-em-°m≥ cl-ky-\o-°-ßfpw \nco-£-W-ßfpw \S-Øp∂ kz`m-h-°m-cm-Wv. km[m-c-W-bmbn CØcw Nmc-∏-Wn-Iƒ tPmUn-I-fm-bmWv \S-Ømdv. F∂m¬ tPmUn-bnse Hcp a’yw i{Xp \nco-£-W-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ H‰bv°v HmSn-c-£-s∏-Sm≥{ian-®m¬ at‰ a’yw ]n∂o-sSm-cn-°epw Xs‚ kplr-Øns\ hniz-kn-°n-s√∂pw B a’y-Øns‚ IqsSi{Xp \nco-£-W-Øn\p t]mIp-I-bn-

CW-Isf Xnc-s™-Sp-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬ a\p-jy-s\-t∏m-se-Xs∂ Hcp-]mSv {i≤n-°p-∂-h-cmWva’y-߃. an° a’yPmXn-I-fnepw s]¨a-’y-ß-fpsS kzbw-h-c-amWv\S-°m-dv. kzm`m-hnIBhmk hyhÿIfn¬Pohn-°p∂ a’y-߃km[m-c-W-bmbn c‡-_-‘-ap-≈-hsc CW-I-fmbnkzoI-cn-°m-dn√ F∂mWvhn≥_¿Kns‚ ]T-\-߃ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. {][m-\-ambpw ss[cyw, hen-∏w,Btcm-Kyw, IqSp-≠m-°m-\p≈ Ign-hv, ap -Iƒkwc-£n-°m-\pw, Ip´n-Isf t\m°m-\p-ap≈Ignhv F∂o KpW-K-W-ß-fmWv s]¨a-’y-߃ {][m-\-ambpw ]cn-K-Wn-°m-dv. AgIvt\m°p-∂-hcpw D≠v.

imkv{X-KXn 37

s√∂pw am≥{^Uv anen≥kvIn Xs‚hnJym-X-amb Tit for tat F∂ {]_-‘-Øn¬ ka¿∞n-°p-∂p. kmcn-hm-e≥F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ K∏n- a’y-ßfnepwkam\kz`mhw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v.

CXn-se√mw ck-I-c-amWv ªm°v-lmw-se‰v a’y-ß-fpsS Imcyw. a‰pa’y-ß-fn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-am-bn,Cu h¿K-Øn¬, ]pcp -j-˛kv{XossewKn-Im-h-b-h-߃ Htc a’y-Øn¬ Xs∂-bmWv I≠p-h-cp-∂-Xv.F∂m¬ kz¥w AWvUhpw _oPhpwIqSn-I-e¿Øn {]Xyp-Xv]m-Z\w \S-Øp-∂-Xn -\p -] -Icw Ch AWvUhpw_oPhpw ]c-kv]cw ssIam-dp-I-bmWv]Xn-hv. km[m-cW CØcw ssIam-‰-߃ hfsc am\y-amb coXn-bn-emWv\S-°mdv. F∂m¬ Nne a’y-߃Xs‚ Iq´m-fn-bn¬\n∂v AWvU-߃kzoI-cn-®-Xn-\p-tijw XncnsI H‰AWvUw-t]mepw sImSp-°msX IS-∂p-I-f-bm-dp -≠v. Ãn°nƒ _m°n-se-t∏mse Chn-sS-bpw ]‰n-°-s∏´ a’ywNXn-b≥ a’y-hp-ambn AWvU-ssI-am-‰-Øn\v \n¬°m-dn-s√∂p am{X-a√IrXy -ambn AWvUw XncnsI\¬Ip∂ a’y-ß-fp-ambn \√ _nkn-\kv _‘w ImØp kq£n-°p-IbpwsNøpw.

sshhm-lnIwCW-Isf Xnc-s™-Sp-°p∂ Imcy-

Øn¬ a\p-jy-s\-t∏m-se-Xs∂ Hcp-]mSv {i≤n-°p-∂-h-cmWv a’y-߃.an° a’y PmXn-I-fnepw s]¨a-’y-ß-fpsS kzbw-h-c-amWv \S-°m-dv.kzm`m-hnI Bhmk hyhÿIfn¬Pohn-°p∂ a’y-߃ km[m-c-W-bmbn c‡-_-‘-ap-≈-hsc CW-I-fmbn kzoI-cn -°m-dn√ F∂mWvhn≥_¿Kns‚ ]T-\-߃ ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. {][m-\-ambpw ss[cyw, hen-∏w,Btcm-Kyw, IqSp-≠m-°m-\p≈ Ign-hv,ap´-Iƒ kwc-£n-°m-\pw, Ip´n-Isft\m°m-\p-ap≈ Ignhv F∂o KpW-K-W-ß-fmWv s]¨a-’y-߃ {][m-\-ambpw ]cn-K-Wn-°m-dv. AgIv t\m°p-∂-hcpw D≠v. DZm-l-c-W-ambn K∏na’y-߃ hen-bXpw ISpw-\n-d-Øn-ep-≈-Xp-amb hmep≈ B¨a-’y-ßsfCjvS-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ hmƒhm-e≥ a’y-ß-fnse s]Æp-߃°njvSw \o≠-hm-ep≈ BWp-ß-sf-bm-Wv. F∂m¬kbm-aokv ss^‰nwKv ^njn-em-Is´\√ tbm≤m-°ƒ°mWv am¿°-‰v.

I{Xn-I-hm-e≥ k¿P‚p ao\p-IƒCXn-se√mw IS∂ ssIbmWv ImWn-°p-∂-sX-∂mWv tIw{_nUvPv k¿h-I-em-im-e-bnse tUm. am\n° Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Cu h¿K-Øn¬ B¨a-

’y-ß-fmWv ap -Iƒ hncn-bn-°p-∂XpwIp™p-ßsf t\m°n hf¿Øn hep-Xm -°p -∂-Xpw. s]¨ a’y-߃BZyw ct≠m aqt∂m ap´-Iƒ \¬In-b-Xn-\p-tijw ap´-Iƒ kq£n-°m-\p≈ B¨a-’y-Øns‚ Ignhp ]cn-tim-[n-°pw. CjvS-s∏-´m¬ _m°n-bp≈ ap´-Iƒ B¨a-’y-Øn\pkz¥w. CjvS-s∏- n-s√-¶n¬ s]¨ao≥thsd B¨ao-\ns\ tXSn-t∏m-Ipw.F∂m¬ \√-hÆw Ip™ns\t\m°m≥ Ign-hp≈ B¨a-’ysØHcp s]¨a’yw Xnc-s™-Sp-Øm¬]ns∂ _m°n s]¨a-’y-ß-sf√mwB B¨a-’ysØ kz¥-am-°m≥{ian°pw F∂p ]T-\-߃ sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. ta‰v tNmbvkv tIm∏n-bnßvF∂mWv Cu kz`m-h-hn-tijw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

s]¨a-’y-ß-fn¬ \n∂v hyXy-kvX-amWv an° a’y-h¿K-ß-fnepwB¨a-’y-ß-fpsS A`n-cp-Nn-Iƒ.ChnsS GI ]Xv\o-{h-X-°m¿ hfscIpd-hm-Wv. F∂m¬ IqSp-≠m°nIp™p-ßsf t\m°p∂ Xcw B¨a-’y߃ D≈ P\p-kp-I-fn¬, DZm-l-c-W-ambn ss^‰nßv njv, ]≈-Øn,Icn-ao≥ F∂o a’y-ß-fn¬ B¨a-’y-߃ hfsc ske-IvSohv BWv.henb hbdpw \√ hen-∏hpw D≈s]¨ a’y-߃°mWv Cu P\p- n¬ Unam‚ v. CXm-bn-cp∂p \Ωƒa\p -jy -c nse kv{Xo kuμcyk¶ev]w F¶n¬ \ΩpsS hniz-kp-μ-cn-am-cpsS cq]w Fß-s\-bn-cn°pwF∂v k¶¬∏n-°p-∂Xv ck-I-c-am-Wv._p≤n-]-c-ambn IeymWw ssIImcywsNøp-∂-hcpw a’y-ß-fn-ep-≠v. DZm-l-

a’y-ß-fn¬ at\m-\nesX‰p∂ Ah-ÿ-Iƒkm[m-c-W-am-sW∂pwat\m-tcm-K- K-thjWß-fn¬ arK-am-Xr-I-I-fmbna’y-ßsf D]-tbm-Kn-°m-sa∂pw sh¬°w{SÃnse imkv{X-⁄-cmb s_ÃpwB¬tU¿´\pw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ ]co-£-W-im-e-bn¬ k¶o¿W-ambat\m-tcm-K-ambkv{Iotkm-{^o-\n-bbpwA¬jn-tagvkvUnkokpw _m[n®a’y-ßsf kq£n-®n- p-≠v. am{X-a√ Fen-I-fn¬tcmK-ß-fp-≠m-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse a’y-ß-fn¬at\m-tcm-K-߃ D≠m-°m-\p≈ acp-∂p-IfpwC∂p imkv{X-tem-IØve`y-am-Wv.

38 Pq¨ 2011

c-W-ambn \ntbm-emw-t{]m-tem-KkvF∂ t]cp≈ Icn -ao≥ h¿K-Øn¬s∏´ a’y-ß-fn¬ c≠v s]¨a-’y-߃ XΩn¬ t]mcp-≠m-bm¬B¨a-’y-߃ ]cn-N-b-an -√mØs]Æns‚ ]£w ]nSn®v Ahsfkz¥-am-°pw.

enwK-am‰w : ikv{X-{Inb th≠enwK-am‰ ikv{X-{Inbm cwK-Øp-

≠mb \qX\ kt¶-X -ß-fpsSBhn¿`m-h-tØm-sS, a\p-jy-\n¬BWv s]Æm-Ip-∂Xpw s]Æv BWm-Ip-∂Xpw hen-sbmcp hm¿Ø A√m-Xm-bn- p-≠v. F∂m¬ Nne-bn\w a’y-߃ kml-N-cy -Øn -\ -\p -k-cn® vBWmtbm s]Æmtbm amdm-dp-≠v.\s´-√p≈ Pohn-I-fn¬ A{X-sbm∂pwkm[m-c-W-a-√mØ Cu {]Xn-`m-k-Øn\v DØa DZm-l-c-W-ß-fmWv ]hn-g-∏p-‰p-I-fnepw eKq-Wp-I-fnepw a‰pwImW-s∏-Sp∂ ¢u¨^njv (Clown fish)F∂ a’y-߃.

jo]vkvslUv dmkv (Sheepsheadwrasse) F∂ a’y-Øns‚ kwL-Øn¬\n∂v GsX-¶nepw Imc-W-h-

A¬jn-tagvkv Unkokpw _m[n®a’y-ßsf kq£n-®n-´p-≠v. am{X-a√Fen-I-fn¬ tcmK-ß-fp-≠m-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse a’y-ß-fn¬ at\m-tcm-K-߃D≠m-°m-\p≈ acp-∂p-Ifpw C∂pimkv{X-tem-IØv e`y-am-Wv. IqSmsX`bw, hnjmZw XpS-ßnb tcmK-߃°va\p-jy-\n¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ ]e acp-∂p-Ifpw a’y-ß-fnepw ^e-h-Øm-sW∂pw AØcw acp∂p e`n-°p∂a’y-tcm-Kn-I-fpsS kz`mh sshI-ey-ß-fn¬ Bim-h-l-amb am‰-߃ hcp-∂-Xmbpw kb≥kv XpS-ßnb {]apJimkv{X {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-߃ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

FXn¿hm-Z-߃°p ka-b-ambnkwKXn Cßs\sbms°-bm-sW-

¶nepw a’y-ßsf a\p-jy-\p-ambn

Xmc-Xayw sNøp-∂-Xns\ FXn¿°p∂

imkv{X-Im-c-∑m-cp-ap-≠v. Ah¿ {][m-

\-ambpw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p∂ Imcyw

a\p-jy-s\-t∏mse ka-{K-amb Hcp

Nn¥m-co-Xntbm `mjtbm a’y-ß-fn-

en√ F∂-Xm-Wv. am{X-a√ a\p-jy-

\n¬ GtIm-]n-X-co-Xn-bn¬ ImW-s∏-

Sp∂ kz`m-h-hn-ti-j-߃ hyXykvX

a’y-h¿K-ß-fn-embn NnX-dn-°n-S-°p-I-

bm-sW-∂p-≈Xpw Ch¿ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-

°p-∂p. IqSmsX \s´-√p≈ P¥p-°-

fpsS ]cn -Wm-a -Øns‚ BZy-Z -i-

bn¬Øs∂ th¿s∏-´p-t]mb c≠p

Nn√-I-fnse Pohn-I-fmb a\p-jy-

s\bpw a’y-ß-sfbpw Xpe\w

sNøm≥ apXn-cp -∂Xv kml-k-am-

sW∂pw Cu hn`mKw imkv{X-⁄¿

A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. a‰p Pohn-Ifpw

Nn¥n-°p-∂p≠v F∂p≈ hkvXp-X-I-

fpsS {]Nmcw AØcw Pohn-Isf

Irjn sNøp-∂-h-tcbpw £-W-am-°p-

∂-h-tcbpw _m[n-°p-sa∂pw Ch¿

`b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

a’y-ß-fn¬ Ah-t_m-[-e-£-W-

ß-fp-s≠∂pw Cs√∂pw hniz-kn-

°p∂ imkv{X-⁄-∑m¿ Xß-fpsS

hmZsØ ka¿∞n-°m≥ th≠n-bp≈

Kth-j-W-ß-fn¬ IqSp-X¬ hym]-cn-°p-

∂-XmWv Ign™ ]Øp h¿j Ime-

L-´-Øn¬ ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv.

XXv^-e-ambn [mcmfw a’y-h¿K-ß-

sf-°p-dn®v ]pØ≥ Adn-hp-Iƒ temI-

Øn-\p-ap-∂n¬ shfn-s∏-´p. Bim-h-l-amb coXn-bn¬ Cu cwKØv \S-°p∂]co-£-W-߃, a’y-߃°pw a\p-jy-s\-t∏m-se-bp≈ am\-kn-I-hym-]m-c-ß-fpt≠m C√tbm F∂p-≈-Xns‚Nn{Xw hcpw Ime-ß-fn¬ IqSp-X¬IqSp-X¬ hy‡-am°pw F∂p \ap°p{]Xo-£n-°mw.

im¬ B¨ a’y-߃ Ipd-™m¬kwL-Ønse G‰hpw henbs]¨a’yw {ItaW B¨a-’y-ambn amdp-Ibpw a‰p s]¨a-’y-ß-fn¬ _oPm-[m\w \SØn {]Xyp-Xv]m-Z\w \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøpw. AtX-k-abw Nne-bn\w a’y-h¿K-ß-fn¬ a‰vB¨a-’y-ß-tfmSv Pbn-°mt\m CW-Isf Is≠-Ømt\m Ign -bmsXt]mIp∂ B¨a-’y-߃ s]¨a-’y-ß-fmbn amdp-∂Xpw ImWm≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v {]apJ {_n´ojv a’y-im-kv{X-⁄-\mb B≥ aKp-cm≥ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

ao\n\v {`m¥m-bm¬ F¥p-sNøpw

a’y-ß-fn¬ at\m-\ne sX‰p∂Ah-ÿ-Iƒ km[m-c-W-am-sW∂pwat\m-tcm-K- K-thjWß-fn¬ arK-am-Xr-I-I-fmbn a’y-ßsf D]-tbm-Kn-°m-sa∂pw sh¬°w {SÃnse imkv{X-⁄-cmb s_Ãpw B¬tU¿´\pwAh-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚]co-£-W-im-e-bn¬ k¶o¿W-ambat\m-tcm-K-amb kv{Iotkm-{^o-\n-bbpw

a’y-ß-fn¬ Ah-t_m-[-e-£-W-ß-fp-s≠∂pwCs√∂pw hniz-kn-°p∂ imkv{X-⁄-∑m¿ Xß-fpsShmZsØ ka¿∞n-°m≥ th≠n-bp≈ Kth-j-W-ß-fn¬ IqSp-X¬ hym]-cn-°p-∂-XmWv Ign™ ]Øph¿j Ime-L- -Øn¬ ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv. XXv -e-ambn [mcmfw a’y-h¿K-ß-sf-°p-dn®v ]pØ≥ Adn-hp-Iƒ temI-Øn-\p-ap-∂n¬ shfn-s∏- p.

imkv{X-KXn 39

P\kwJymimkv{XwtUm. tPmtam≥ amXyp

C¥ym-N-cn-{X-Ønse ]Xn-\-©m-a-tØXpw kzX{¥ C¥y-bnse Ggm-a-tØ-Xp-amb P\-kwJym IW-s°-Sp∏v2011 am¿®v amk-Øn¬ ]q¿Øn-bm-bn.sk≥k-kns‚ CS-°me dnt∏m¿´pwh∂p-I-gn-™p. hnI-knX cmPy-ß-tfm-Sp-Xs∂ InS-]n-Sn-°pw-hn-[-ap≈ tIc-f-Øns‚ P\-kwJym kqN-I-ß-fpsS]pXnb {]h-WX hni-I-e\w sNtø-≠Xv ChnsS A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂vtXm∂p-∂p. temI-P-\-kw-Jy-bn¬c≠mwÿm\-Øp-\n∂pw H∂m-a-sX-Øm-\p≈ IpXn∏v C¥y XpS-cp-Ibpw Zi-h¿j P\-kwJym hf¿®m \nc°v

Db¿∂p-Xs∂ \n¬°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºm-gpw, P\-kwJym \nb-{¥-W-Øns‚hyXn-c-‡-am-sbmcp amXr-I-bmWvtIcfw krjvSn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

2011 am¿®v 1\v, 00.00 aWn-°q¿kqNnX ka-b-ambn IW-°m-°p-tºmƒtIc-f-Ønse P\-kwJy 3,33,87677- ¬FØn-\n¬°p-∂p. 2001 -˛¬ CXv3,18,41374 Bbn-cp-∂p. AXm-b-Xv, tIc-f-Ønse Zi-h¿j-h-f¿®m-\n -c°vtZiob P\-kw-Jymhf¿®m-\n-c-°mb17.64 iX-am-\-Øn-epw, BtKmf \nc-°mb 12.97 iX-am-\-Ønepw hfscXmsg 4.86 iX-am\w am{X-am-Wv. CXv

1991- 2001 Zi-I-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ 9.4 iX-am-\-Øns‚ ]Ip-Xn-bn¬ Xmsg am{X-amWv F∂Xpw FSpØp ]d-tb-≠-Xp-≠v. kzmX-{¥y-Øn-\p-ti-j-ap≈ 6 Zi-I-ß-fnse P\-kwJy Xmc-Xayw sNøp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, 1951-˛s\ At]-£n®vtIc-f-Ønse BsI P\-kwJy 2011-˛¬ 2.3 aS-ßmbn h¿≤n-®n-cn-°p-∂-XmbnImWmw. CtX Ime-b-f-hn¬ C¥y-bnsesamØw P\-kwJy 3.36 aS-ßmWvh¿≤n-®n- p-≈-Xv.

P\-kwJy IqSp-∂-X-\p-k-cn®v P\-km-{μ-X-bnepw (Hcp NXp-c{i Intem-ao-‰¿ {]tZ-isØ P\-ß-fpsS FÆw)

tIc-f-Ønse P\-kwJym {]h-W-X˛AY-hm,

P\-kwJym \nb-{¥-W-Øns‚

tIcf amXr-ItIc-f-Ønse P\-kwJym {]h-WX tZiob icm-i-cn-bn¬\n∂v Ht´sd hyXy-kvXX ]pe¿Øp∂ H∂m-Wv. km£-cXm \nc-°n-epw, kv{Xo]p-c-pjm-\p-]m-X-Øn-epw, Ipd™ hf¿®m \nc-°nepw kwÿm\w tZio-b-X-e-Øn¬ H∂m-a-Xmbn XpS-cp-tºm-gpw, inip-°-fnse kv{Xo]p-cp-jm-\p-]m-X-Ønse Xncn-®p-t]m°v Bi-¶-bp-W¿Øp-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂n-cp-∂m-epw, P\-kwJym hf¿®-bnepw \nb-{¥-W-Ønepwcmjv{S-Øn-\msI amXrI krjvSn-®n-cn-°p-I-bmWv \ΩpsS sIm®ptIc-fw.

40 Pq¨ 201140

h¿≤-\-hp-≠m-hpI kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv.2011- se IW-°-\p-k-cn®v tIc-f-ØnseP\-km-{μX 859 BWv. 2001- se 891- ¬\n∂v 40 t]cpsS hf¿® C°m-cy-Øn¬t]mb ZiIw tcJ-s∏-Sp -Øp-∂p.F∂m¬ tZiobXe-Øn¬ P\-km-{μXtIc-fsØ At]-£n®v ]Ip-Xn-bn¬Xmsg am{X-am-Wv- -N-Xp-c{i Intem-ao-‰-dn¬382 t]¿. tIc-f-Øn¬ Be-∏p-gsb]n¥≈n Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw Pn√ (1509t]¿) P\-km-{μ-X-bn¬ H∂m-a-sXØnF∂ {]tXy-I-Xbpw Cu sk≥k-kn-\p-≠v.

kv{Xo]p-cp-jm-\p-]m-X-Ønse amXr-Im-]-c-amb apt∂-‰-amWv FSp-Øp-]-d-tb≠ as‰mcp hkvXp-X. C¥y-bnseas‰√m kwÿm-\-ß-fn-sebpw kv{Xo]p-cp-jm-\p-]mXw s\K-‰ohv Bbn XpS-cp-tºmgpw tIc-f-Øn-eXv 1000 ]pcp-j-∑m¿°v 1084 kv{XoIƒ F∂ \nc-°n-em-Wv. BtKmf icm-i-cn-bmb 984- t\-°m-fpw, tZiob icm-i-cn-bmb 940˛t\-°mfpw _lp-Zqcw ap∂n-emWv tIc-f-

P\-kwJym {]h-WX˛1951 apX¬ 2011 hsc.

P\-kwJy Zi-h¿j P\-km-{μX kv{Xo -]p-cp-jm-\p km£-c-Xm-

h¿jw (tIm-Sn-bn¬) hf¿®m-\n-c°v ]mXw \nc°v

tIcfw C¥y tIcfw C¥y tIcfw C¥y tIcfw C¥y tIcfw C¥y

1951 1.45 36.11 ˛ - - - - ˛ 284 117 1028 946 47.18 18.33

1961 1.69 43.92 16.19 21.64 349 142 1022 941 55.08 28.3

1971 2.13 54.81 26.28 24.8 549 177 1016 930 69.75 34.45

1981 2.54 68.33 19.00 24.66 654 216 1034 934 78.85 43.45

1991 2.91 84.64 14.55 23.87 749 267 1036 927 89.81 52.21

2001 3.18 102.87 9.40 21.54 819 325 1058 933 90.92 64.83

2011 3.34 121.02 4.86 17.64 859 382 1084 940 93.91 74.04

Dd-hnSw: hnhn[ sk≥kkv dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ

P\-kwJym {]h-WX˛1951 apX¬ 2011 hsc.

P\-kwJy Zi-h¿j P\-km-{μX kv{Xo -]p-cp-jm-\p km£-c-Xm-

h¿jw (tIm-Sn-bn¬) hf¿®m-\n-c°v ]mXw \nc°v

tIcfw C¥y tIcfw C¥y tIcfw C¥y tIcfw C¥y tIcfw C¥y

1951 1.45 36.11 ˛ - - - - ˛ 284 117 1028 946 47.18 18.33

1961 1.69 43.92 16.19 21.64 349 142 1022 941 55.08 28.3

1971 2.13 54.81 26.28 24.8 549 177 1016 930 69.75 34.45

1981 2.54 68.33 19.00 24.66 654 216 1034 934 78.85 43.45

1991 2.91 84.64 14.55 23.87 749 267 1036 927 89.81 52.21

2001 3.18 102.87 9.40 21.54 819 325 1058 933 90.92 64.83

2011 3.34 121.02 4.86 17.64 859 382 1084 940 93.91 74.04

Dd-hnSw: hnhn[ sk≥kkv dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ

Ønse kv{Xo]p-cp-jm-\p-]m-Xw.

A¥¿tZ-io-b-X-e-Øn¬ djy≥s^U-td-j-\n¬ (1167) am{X-amWv tIc-f-tØ-°mƒ Db¿∂ kv{Xo]p-cp-jm-\p-]mXw D≈-Xv. P∏m≥ (1055), bp.-F-kv.F(1025) F∂o cmPy-߃°p-t]mepw tIc-f-tØ-°mƒ Xmgv∂ A\p-]mXw am{XtaAh-Im-i-s∏-Sm≥ Ign-bp-∂p-≈q. tIc-f-Ønse Db¿∂ kmaq-lnI Aht_m[-Øn-s‚-bpw, kv{Xo -]p-cpj Xpey-X-bn-eq-sS-bp≈ kmaq-lnI hnI-k-\-Øn-s‚bpw Hcp {]Xn- -e-\-ambn Db¿∂kv{Xo]p-cp-jm-\p-]m-XsØ hne-bn-cp-Øm≥ Ign-bpw.

F∂m¬ `oZn-X-am-sbmcp adp-hiwIqSn CXn-\p-≠v. tIc-f-Ønse 6 hb-kn\v Xmsg-bp≈ Ip´n-I-fpsS FÆwImWn-°p-∂Xv hyXy-kvX-amb as‰mcp{]h-W-X-bm-Wv. 2011- se IW-°-\p-k-cn®v inip- -kv{Xo-]p-cp-jm-\p-]mXw A{X-sbm∂pw Xr]vXn-I-c-a-√m-Ø-hn[w 1000B¨Ip- n-Iƒ°v 960 s]¨Ip- n-IƒF∂ \nc-°n-em-Wv. 2001- se sk≥k-

kn¬ CXv 959 Bbn-cp-∂p. AtX ka-bw, tZio-b-X-e-Øn¬ inip-°-fnsekv{Xo]p-cp-jm-\p-]mXw 2001- se 927- ¬\n∂v 2011- ¬ 914 Bbn Ipd-bp-IbpwsNbvXp. kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ antkm-dm-amWv (971) C°m-cy-Øn¬ anIhp]pe¿Øp-∂-Xv.

tIcfw F°m-ehpw A n-am-\n-°p∂as‰mcp kqNIw Db¿∂ km£-cXm\nc-°m-Wv. kzmX{¥y e_v[n°ptijwkwÿm\w ssIh-cn® kmaq-lnIapt∂-‰-Øns‚ IqSn {]Xn- -e-\-amWvh¿≤n® km£-c-Xm-\n-c°v F∂v \nkw-ibw ]d-bmw. 2011- se P\-kwJym IW-°-\p-k-cn®v tIc-f-Ønse km£-cXm\nc°v 93.91 iX-am-\-am-Wv. CXv 2001- s\At]-£n®v 3 iX-am\w IqSp-X-em-Wv.FSpØp]d-tb≠ Hcp {]tXy-IXkm£-cXm \nc-°nse Ipd-™p-h-cp∂]pcp-j- kv{Xo A¥-c-am-Wv. tZio-b-X-e-Øn¬ Cu A¥cw 16.68 iX-am-\-ap≈t∏mƒ tIc-f-Øn¬ CXv shdpw4.04 iX-am\w am{X-ambn Ipd-™n- p-≠v.km£-c-X-bn¬ \mtasd Du‰w sIm≈p-tºm-gpw, C¥y-bn¬ Db¿∂ km£-cXt\Snb BZy c≠v Pn√-Iƒ, A{X-sbm∂pw hnI-k\w Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-\n-√mØ hS-°p-In-g-°≥ kwÿm-\-ambantkm-dm-an-emWv F∂ Imcyw \sΩNn¥n-∏n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

Npcp-°-Øn¬ tIc-f-Ønse P\-kwJym {]h-WX tZiob icm-i-cn-bn¬\n∂v Ht´sd hyXy-kvXX]pe¿Øp∂ H∂m-Wv. km£-cXm \nc-°n-epw, kv{Xo]p-c-pjm-\p-]m-X-Øn-epw,Ipd™ hf¿®m \nc -°nepwkwÿm\w tZio-b-X-e-Øn¬ H∂m-a-Xmbn XpS-cp-tºm-gpw, inip-°-fnsekv{Xo]p-cp-jm-\p-]m-X-Ønse Xncn-®p-t]m°v Bi-¶-bp-W¿Øp-∂-Xm-Wv.F∂n-cp-∂m-epw, P\-kwJym hf¿®-bnepw \nb-{¥-W-Ønepw cmjv{S-Øn-\msI amXrI krjvSn-®n-cn-°p-I-bmWv\ΩpsS sIm®p tIc-fw.

imkv{X-KXn 41imkv{X-KXn 41

{Ko°v ss]XrIw

imkv{XwtUm. B¿.-hn.-Pn. tat\m≥

tUm. B¿.-hn.-Pn. tat\ms‚ "imkv{X-km-t¶-XnIhnZy-bpsS Ncn{Xw'F∂ ]pkvXIØnse A©mw A[ym-bw

4.1 bqtdm-∏nse imkvt{Xm-Zbw

`uXnIimkv{Xw F∂Xv BXy-¥n-I-ambn {]Ir-Xn-bnse ASp°pw {Iahpwa\- n-em-°m-\p≈ {ia-am-W-t√m.AXn\v Nne ASn -ÿm\ D]-I -cW߃ IqSntb Xocq. A°q- -Øn¬IW°pw Pyman-Xnbpw am{X-a√ Zqchpwka-bhpw Af-°m-\p≈ Nn´-Ifpws]Spw. Ch-sb√mw Xs∂ CuPn-]vXnepw _m_n-tem-Wn-b-bnepw cq]-s∏- n-cp∂p F∂v ImWmw. Hcp-]mSv Hcp-]mSv hnh-c-߃ Ah¿ tiJ-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Ah-bn¬\n∂v kmam-\y-h-XvI-c-W-Øn-eqsSimkv{Xw DS-se-Sp-°p∂ A¤pXwAhnsS kw`-hn-®n-√. CuPn-]vXnepw_m_n-tem-Wn-b-bnepw [mcmfw hnh-c-߃ tiJ-cn-°-s∏-´n-cp-s∂-¶nepwAdn -hn -\p -th≠n Adnh v F∂coXnbpw AXns‚ kn≤m-¥-h-XvI-c-Whpw AhnsS hnI-kn-®n-√. AXp-≠m-

bXv CuPn-b≥ IS-tem-csØ sIm®psIm®p {Ko°v tImf-\n-I-fn¬ Bbn-cp-∂p.

CuPn-]vXnepw _m_ntemWn-b-bnepw C√m-bn-cp-∂Xpw Cu {Ko°vtImf-\n-I-fn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xp-ambLSIw F¥mWv? Hcp ]s£ AXvA£-c - a m -eb ne[nj vT n -X - a mbFgpØpw AXn-eqsS km[y-amb Adn-hns‚ efn-X-h-XvI-c-Whpw Bbn-cn-°mw. AtXmsS FgpØpw hmb-\bpw]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-cpsS \ocm-fn-∏n-Sn-Ø-Øn¬\n∂v hntam-Nn-X-am-bn. as‰mcpImcWw Xmc-X-tay\ ]pØ≥ Iq‰p-Im-cmb {Ko°p-Im¿ a‰v sh¶e bpKkwkvIm-c-ß-sf-t∏mse A‘-hn-izm-k-߃°v ASn-a-I-fm-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂-Xp-am-Imw. GXm-bmepw Hcp ImcywDd∏v: {Ko°p-Im¿ tZim-S-\-°m-cmbhWn-°p-Ifpw I∏-tem- -°mcpw Bbn-cp-∂p. Aß-s\-bp-≈-h¿°p kl-P-

amb Xpd∂ a\ pw ]pXp-a-tbm-Sp≈Iºhpw kml-kn-I-Xbpw Ah¿°pwD≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]e ]e kwkvIm-c-ß-tfm-Sp≈ ASp-∏hpw ]cn -N-bhpwAhsc ]pXnb coXn-I-fn¬ Nn¥n-°m\pw [oc-amb ]co-£-W-߃ \S-Øm\pw AtX kabw Xs∂ ]g-a-I-fn¬ IpSpßn°nS-°m-Xn-cn-°m\pw Ign-hp-≈-h-cm-°n.

4.2 Atbm-Wnb:{Ko°v kb≥kns‚ BZyInc-W-߃Atbm-Wn-b≥ kvIqƒ

Ct∏m-gsØ Xp¿°n-bpsS ]Sn-™mtd mKØv saUn-‰-td-\n-b≥ IS-en-te°v X≈n \n¬°p∂ D]-Zzo-]n\vGjym ssa\¿ B\-s‰m-fnb F∂p-amWv ]d-™n-cp-∂-Xv. Cu Xoc-tØmSvtN¿∂p InS-°p∂ saUn-‰-td-\n-b≥IS-ens‚ `mK-amWv CuPn-b≥ ko.

{Ko°v ss]XrIw

42 Pq¨ 2011

B\-s‰m-fn-b-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ {Ko°vtImf-\n-Iƒ°v s]mXp-hm-bp≈ t]cm-bn-cp∂p Atbm-Wn-b. bh\ kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS hf¿®-bn¬ henb ]¶mWvAtbm-Wnb hln-®-Xv.

anse-‰- nse sXbv enkv [Thalesof Miletus]

Atbm-Wn-b-bn¬ s]´ anse-‰kvF∂ \K-c-Øn¬ P\n® sXbv enkv(D. 625 -˛524 {In. -ap.) Bbn-cp∂p{Koknse BZysØ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂imkv{X-⁄≥. ta¬ kqNn -∏n®tbmKy-X-I-sf√mw At±-l-Øn¬ XnI-™n-cp∂p F∂p ]d-bmw. Hcp I®-h-S-°m-c-s\∂ \ne-bn¬ At±lw CuPn-]vXnepw _m_n-tem-Wn-b-bnepw Hs°bm{X sNbvXv Ahn-S-ß-fnse {]mNo\hn⁄m-\-ß-sf√mw lrZnÿw B°n-bn -cp -∂-t{X. CuPn -] vXn¬\n∂vAt±lw PymanXn ]Tn-®p. satkm-s∏mt´an-b-bn¬ \n∂pt\-Snb tPymXn-»mkv{X hn⁄m\w h®v At±lw{Kl-W-߃ {]h-Nn®v {Ko°p-Im-cpsSA¤p-Xm-Z-c-߃ ]nSn®p ]‰n [1].cmPy-X-{¥-⁄\pw F≥Pn-\o-bdpw_nkn-\- p-Im-c\pw XXz-im-kv{X-⁄\pw KWn-X-⁄\pw tPymXn-im-kv{X-⁄\pw Hs° IqSn-t®¿∂ Hcp_p≤n-cm-£-k≥ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂pAt±-lw. ]e AXn-_p-≤n-am-∑m-scbpwt]mse At±-lhpw henb ad-hn-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂-t{X. Hcn-°¬ am\-Øp-t\m°n \S∂ At±lw Hcp InW-‰n¬hoWXpw AXns‚ t]cn¬ Hcp Zmkns]Æv At±-lsØ Ifn-bm-°n-bXpwtπt‰m hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. AsX-ß-s\-bm-bmepw At±-l-Øn\v \√ _nkn-\ v IÆv D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂XvXo¿®-bm-Wv. Hcp kok-Wn¬ \√Heohv hnfhp ap≥Iq´n I≠ At±lw\m´n-ep≈ Heohv t{] p-I-sf√mwIcm¿ FSp-Øp. Aßs\ IpØIssIh-i-s∏-Sp -Ønb sXbv eokvHeohv B´n FÆ D≠m-°p-∂-Xn\p

sIm≈ hmSI Bh-iy-s∏ v h≥em`wsImbvXp-h-t{X. (2)

582-˛-C¬ At±-lsØ {KoknseGgp alm ⁄m\n-I-fn¬ Hcm-fmbnsXc-s™-Sp-Ø-Xmbn tcJ-bp-≠v.

sXbv enkv˛s‚ {KŸ-ß-sfm∂pwAh-ti-jn-®n-´n-√. F¶nepw Pyman-Xn-bnse Nne ASn-ÿm\ XXz߃At±lw BWv BZy-ambn \n¿h-Nn-®Xv F∂v Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p. DZm: 1.GXp hrØhpw AXns‚ tI{μ-Øn-eqsS t]mIp∂ GXp tcJ-bm-bmepwc≠p Xpey mK-ß-fmbn hn`-Pn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. 2. Hcp ka-`pP {XntIm-W-Øns‚ IogvtIm-Wp-Iƒ c≠pw XpeywBbn-cn-°pw. 3. c≠v EPp tcJ-IƒJWvUn-°p-tºmƒ hn]-coX tImWp-Iƒ Xpeyw Bbn-cn -°pw. 4. Hcp{XntIm-W-Øns‚ ]mZhpw ]m¿iz-tIm-Wp-Ifpw \n¿±n-jvS-am-bm¬ {XntImWw\n¿h-Nn-°-s∏-Spw. CXn-\p- ]p-dta, HcpA¿≤-hr-Ø-Ønse tIm¨ a´w Bbn-cn°pw F∂pw At±-l-Øn\p Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂-t{X. CuPn-]vXnse alm]nc-an-Uns‚ Dbcw AXns‚ \ng-ens‚ \of-Øn¬\n∂v sXbv enkvKWn-s®-Sp-Ø-Xmbn as‰mcp bh\Ncn-{X-Im-c-\mb πq´m¿°v ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. AXv icn-bm-sW-¶n¬ kam\{XntIm-W-ß-fpsS Af-hp-Iƒ B\p-]m-XnIw BsW∂ \nb-ahpw Ct±-l-Øn\p ]cn-Nn-X-am-bn-cp∂p F∂v Icp-Xmw.

BIr-Xnbpw hnkvXo¿Whpwhym]vXhpw kw_-‘n® CuPn -]vjy≥ Pyman-Xn-bn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-ambn CsX√mw hc-I-fpsS PymanXnBsW∂v ImWmw. as‰mcp hn[-Øn¬]d-™m¬ PymanXn Hcp tIheimkv{X-ambn hnI-kn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

Hcp ]t£ sXbv enkv - ˛s‚G‰hpw henb kw`m-h\ {]]©{]Xn-`m -k-߃°v anØp-I-fnepwssZhn-I-Xz-Ønepw A[n-jvTn-X-a-√m-

CuPn-]vXnepw_m_ntemWn-b-bnepwC√m-bn-cp-∂Xpw Cu{Ko°v tImf-\n-I-fn¬D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xp-ambLSIw F¥mWv? Hcp]s£ AXv A£-c-am-ebne[njvTn-X-ambFgpØpw AXn-eqsSkm[y-amb Adn-hns‚efn-X-h-XvI-c-WhpwBbn-cn-°mw. AtXmsSFgpØpw hmb-\bpw]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-cpsS \ocm-fn-∏n-Sn-Ø-Øn¬\n∂vhntam-Nn-X-am-bn. as‰mcpImcWw Xmc-X-tay\]pØ≥ Iq‰p-Im-cmb{Ko°p-Im¿ a‰v sh¶ebpK kwkvIm-c-ß-sf-t∏mse A‘-hn-izm-k-߃°v ASn-a-I-fm-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂-Xp-am-Imw.

sXbv enkv tπt‰m sltdmtUm´kv ss]XtKmdkv

imkv{X-KXn 43

Ø, XnI®pw uXn-I-am-b, hymJym-\-߃ \¬Im≥ At±lw Xbm-dmbnF∂-Xm-bn-cn-°mw. AXn-eqsS At±lwAtbm-Wn-b≥ Z¿i-\-im-Jbv°v cq]w\¬In. {]]©w BZn-bn¬ Pe-abwBbn-cp-s∂∂pw kIe {]]-©hpwsh≈-Øn¬ \n∂v D¤-hn®p F∂pwAt±lw kn≤m-¥n-®p. F√m hkvXp-°ƒ°pw aq∂v Ah-ÿ-Iƒ D≠v:a™v-˛-sh-≈w-˛-`q-an. (Mist, Water andEarth.] Hcp ]t£, Jcw, {Zhw,hmXIw F∂ aq∂v Ah-ÿ-IƒBbn-cn°mw At±lw Dt±-in-®-Xv.Hc¿∞-Øn¬ {]]-©-Øn\p B[m-c-amb "`qX-ßsf' tXSn-bp≈ At\z-j-W-Øns‚ Bcw`w Bbn-cn°mwChnsS ImWp-∂-Xv. Fs¥-∂m¬ASpØ Atbm-Wn-b≥ Zm¿i\nI≥Bb A\mIvknam≥U¿ (Anaxim-ander-c.611-585 B.C.) `qan, Pew, hmbpF∂nhbv°v ]pdta A·n IqSnhkvXp°fpsS ASnÿm\ LSIwBWv F∂v kn≤m¥n®p. am{Xa√,Chbvs°√mw Xs∂ aqehpwk¿hhym]nbpw kq£vahpw BbHcp B[mc XXzsØ°qSn At±lwk¶ev]n®p. `mcXob Z¿i\ßfn¬BImiw F∂pw ]m›mXy Z¿i\-ßfn¬ CuX¿ F∂pw hnfn°s∏Sp∂"`qX'Øns‚ DZbw Bbn CXns\IW°m°mw. AtXmsS bh\Z¿i\ßfnse "]©`qXßfpw'XnI™p.

A\mIvknam≥U¿ Hcp ]cnWma-hmZn Bbncp∂p F∂p ]dbmw. F√mPohPmeßfpw sh≈Øn¬\n∂mWvh∂sX∂pw BZn Pohn a’ycq]nBbncp∂ncn°Ww F∂pw At±lwhmZn®p. PohnIƒ C∂sØ cq]Øn-¬-Xs∂ F°mehpw D≠mbncp∂pF∂ kn≤m¥Øn¬ \n∂v hyXykvX-ambn Ahbv°v Ime{IaØn¬ cq]]cnWmaw kw`hn®n´p≠mImw F∂Bibw BZyambn {]Xy£s∏Sp∂Xv

ChnsSbmWv.

CXns\√mw ]pdta, A\mIvkn-am≥U¿ A∂v Adnbs∏´ncp∂`qhn`m-K߃ F√mw tN¿∂ Hcp`q]Shpw cNn°pIbp≠mbn.

AtbmWnb≥ ]cºcbnse aq∂m-asØ IÆnbmb A\mIvkn-sas\kvAnaximenes, C.550-475 B.C.) hmbpBWv {]]©Øns‚ ASnÿm\B[mcsa∂pw as‰√m hkvXp°fpwAXn¬\n∂v D≠mbXmsW∂pw]Tn∏n®p. L\o`hn®pw Bhnbmbpwhmbphns‚ km{μX amdn AXn¬-\n∂mWv a‰p hkvXp°ƒ D¤hn-°p∂Xv F∂v At±lw hmZn®p.

F∂m¬ B ]cºcbnse ASpØ{]apJ ]WvUnX\mb slcm¢n‰-kns‚ (Heraclitusm P\\w F^ok- n¬, Imew: D.535˛475 _n.kn.) A`n-{]mbØn¬ A·nbmWv F√mØn-s‚bpw aqew. ÿncX AbYm¿∞wBsW∂pw am‰w BWv bmYm¿∞ywF∂pw Bbncp∂p At±lØns‚Z¿i\w. ""F√mw HgpIp∂p, H∂pwÿncambn \n¬°p∂n√'' At±lw]d™p. ""Hcmƒ°v Hcn°epw Htc\Zn c≠pXhW IS°m≥ Ignbn√''F∂ {]kn≤amb hN\hpw At±l-Øn-t‚XmWv.

ss]XtKmdmkns‚ KpcpIpew

\ΩpsS kvIqƒ Ip´nIƒ°p-t]mepw Adnbmhp∂ t]cmWv ss]X-tKmdmkv Pythagoras 580-500 B.C. ]t£At±lØns‚ PohnXsØ Ipdn®p\ap°v hfsc°pd®p ImcyßsfAdnbq. Gjym ssa\dnt\mSv tN¿∂pInS°p∂ kmtamkv (samos) Zzo]n-em-bncp∂p P\\w. sNdp∏Øn¬ CuPn-]vXnepw ]uckvXy tZißfnep-sam-s° Hcp]mSv bm{X sNbvXXmbpwAXn\ptijw _n.kn. 530˛¬ sX-°≥ C‰enbnse t{Im´≥ F∂ {Ko°vtImf\nbn¬ Hcp KpcpIpew ÿm]n-

®-Xmbpw IcpXs∏Sp∂p. AhnsS Hcp-Xcw B{ia PohnXamWv At±lhpwinjycpw ]n≥XpS¿∂Xv. kv{Xo]pcp-jsc√mw Xpey\nebn¬ AwKoIcn°-s∏´ B KpcpIpeØn¬ ⁄m\kºmZ\hpw {]NmcWhpw Bbn-cp∂p apJy ZuXyw. kmXznIambPohn-XØneqsS P\\ acW N{IØn-¬\n∂v hntamN\w t\Smw F∂vAh¿ hnizkn®p. Zm¿i\nI k]cy-bpw aX]camb A\pjvTm\ßfpwIqSn°e¿∂Xmbncp∂p AhcpsSNcyIƒ. Ahsc Nqgv∂p\n∂ KqVm-flIX Ah¿°v [mcmfw i{Xp°sfD≠m°n. {]mtbmKnI cmjv{Sob-Øn-epw Ah¿ CSs]´ncp∂p. HSphn¬AXmWv Ah¿°v hn\bmbXv .G‰hpw \√ A¿∞Øn¬ t{ijvT-∑mcpsS `cWw BWv Ah¿ \n¿t±-in®Xv. CXv P\m[n]Xy t{]anIfmb{Ko°pIm¿°v cpNn®n√. "P\m[n]Xy-hmZnIfmb' Bƒ°q´w AhcpsStImf\n B{Ian®p Xobns´∂pwBNmcy≥ Xs∂ Smsc≠ew F∂ÿetØ°v ]emb\w sNbvXXmbpwBWv IY.

kzØpw Adnhpw F√mw ]¶ph-bv°-s∏´ncp∂ B "IwayqWn¬'I¿i\amb clkymflIX \ne\n-∂n-cp∂p. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ KWnXimkv{X]camb I≠p]nSnØ-ß-fpsSt]mepw AhIminIsf \n¿W-bn°m≥ {]bmkamWv. ss]XtKm-d ns‚ t]cnep≈ {]kn≤amb kn-≤m-¥Øns‚ I¿XrXzhpw hmkvX-hØn¬ k∂nKv≤at{X. KWnX-Øn\p s]mXpshbpw kwJyIƒ°phntijn®pw Ah¿ aX]camb]cnthjw \¬In. H∂v, c≠v, aq∂v,\mev XpSßnb FƬ kwJyIƒ°vAh¿ _nμp, tcJ, {XntImWw,NXp¿`pPw F∂nßs\ PymanXobcq]-߃ k¶ev]n®p. kwJyIƒXΩn-ep≈ ]ehn[ ]ckv]c _‘-

lnt∏m{Im‰kv A\mIvknam≠¿ B¿ssI‰mkv eqkns∏

44 Pq¨ 201144

߃ Ah¿ Is≠Øn Ahbn¬A`ncan®p. Iºn hmZy߃ k, cn,K, a...... F∂nßs\bp≈ kzc߃]pds∏Sphn°ptºmƒ AhbpsSIºnIfpsS ssZ¿Ly߃ XΩnep≈A\p]mXw FƬ kwJyIfpsSA\p]mXØnemsW∂Xv AhscA¤pX ]cX{¥cm°n. IºnbpsS]Zm¿∞w F¥pamIs´, AXv ao´p-∂Xv BcpamIs´, I¿Wm\μ-Ic-ambkzc߃ ]pds∏Sphn°p∂ IºnI-fpsS ssZ¿Lyw ]q¿W-kwJy-IfpsSA\p]mXØn¬ Bbncn°pw! kwKo-X-Øns‚ A¥ Ø kwJym-flIwBsW∂v Is≠Ønb Ah¿ kzm`m-hnIambpw tNmZn®ncn°mw, ""F¶n¬F¥psIm≠v a‰p≈hbpw kwJym-flIw Bbn°qSm?'' Aßs\ Ah¿{]]©w kwJymflIw BsW∂\nKa\Øn¬ FØn.

]q¿W kwJyIfpsS ZnhyXzØn¬hnizkn® Ah¿°v ss]XtKmdkvXodw hgn shfnhmb Root 2, Root 3,XpS-ßnb irrational numbers sNdpX-√mØ PmfyX BWp≠m°nbXv.{]IrXnbpsS Cu clkyw I≠p-]nSn® sa‰mt]m¿j\nse ln∏m-tkmkv Ah¿°v A\`naX\mbXn¬A¤pXan√. HSphn¬ ISen¬ hoWv

A]ISacWw {]m]n®t∏mƒAbmƒ°v "Int´≠Xv In´n' F∂p-t]mepw Ah¿ ]d™p\S∂t{X.

Zo¿L NXpcsØ kaNXpcwB°pI (X∂n´p≈ Zo¿L NXpc-Øn\v Xpey hnkvXrXnbp≈ NXpcw\n¿an°pI) ss]XtKmdnb∑mcpsSt\´w Bbn IW°m°s∏Sp∂p.CØcw KWnX tIfnIfn¬ Ah¿°v_lp Iºw Bbncp∂p. hrØsØkaNXpcw B°pI (Hcp hrØ-Øn\p Xpey hnkvXrXnbp≈ HcpkaNXpcw \n¿an°pI) Bbncp∂pAhcpsS ASpØ e£yw. CXvPymanXobambn Akm[yamWv .F¶nepw CXdnbmØ F{Xsb{Xbph ss]XtKmdnb∑m¿ CXn\mbnDd°anf®n´p≠mImw! AXpt]mse,ka`pP I´Ifpw AhcpsS IuXpIwB¿Pn®p. \mev ka`pP {XntIm-W-ßfm¬ \n¿anXamb tetrahedron, BdpkaNXpcßfm¬ \n¿anXambkaNXpc°´ (cube), F´p ka`pP{XntImW߃ tN¿∂p≠mIp∂octahedron, Ccp]Xp ka`pP {XntIm-W߃ tN¿∂p≠mIp∂ icosahedron,]ns∂ Ahkm\ambn ]{¥≠p ka-]©`pP߃ (pentagons) tN¿∂p-≠mIp∂ dodecahedron. AtXmsS

ka`pP߃ tN¿∂p≠mIp∂ I´-IfpsS KWw ]q¿Ønbm°p∂p F∂vC∂v \ap°dnbmw.

ss]XtKmdnb≥ Z¿i\Øm¬kzm[o\n°s∏´ Hcp {][m\ XXzimkv{X⁄≥ Bbncp∂ FºntSm-¢nkv (Empedocles, c.490-430 B.C)P\n®Xv knknenbnse B{KnsP‚w(Agrigentum) F∂ ÿeØv Bbncp-∂p. {]]t©mXv]Ønsb Ipdn®p≈]cnWmamflI kn≤m¥w BWvAt±lsØ {it≤b≥ B°p∂Xv.{]]©w Bcw`n®Xv \mev `qX-ßfpsS k¶pe an{inXØn¬ \n∂m-Wv F∂v At±lw kn≤m¥n®p. AXn-¬ \n∂v BZyw hmbp th¿Xncn™p.]ns∂ A·n, `qan, Ahkm\w PewF∂nhbpw th¿Xncn™p. BImiwhmbphn¬\n∂pw kqcy≥ A·nbn¬-\n∂pw _m°n a\pjy\pƒs∏sS-bp≈ NcmNc߃ tijn®hbn¬-\n∂pw cq]w sIm≠p. {]ImiØn\pAXn-{ZpXw F¶nepw ¢n]vXambthKX Ds≠∂p≈ At±lØns‚kn≤m¥hpw {it≤bw Xs∂. F¶n-epw \mw hkvXp°sf ImWp-∂Xv\ΩpsS IÆn¬\n∂pw ]pds∏Sp∂ZrjvSn civanIƒ ]Zm¿∞ßfn¬]Xn®n´v BWv F∂ hnIeambA`n{]mbw BWv apt∂m´p h®Xv.

tπt‰mbpsS kaImenI\pwkplrØpw Bbncp∂ B¿ssI-‰m pw (Archytas:428-347B.C) ss]X-tKm-dm- n\m¬ hfsc kzm[o\n°-s∏´ncp∂p. sX°≥ knknenbnseSmsc≠Øn¬ P\n® At±lw Zo¿L-Imew AhcpsS sXcs™Sp°s∏´P\d¬ Bbncp∂p. tπt‰mbpsS{]kn≤amb XXzNn¥I≥ BbcmPmhv (Philosopher King) F∂ k¶ev-]Øn\v Ct±lw Bbncp∂ncn°mwamXrItbm {]tNmZ\tam BbXv F∂vIcpXs∏Sp∂p. imkv{XNcn{X-Øn¬At±lØns‚ ÿm\w KWnXob_eX{¥Øns‚ (Mathe-maticalMechanics) ]nXmhv F∂ \nebnemWv.I∏nbpsS (Pulley) _eX{¥wAt±lamWv BhnjvI-cn®Xv. ]d°pw]£n Dƒs∏sS ]eXcØnep≈b{¥ßfpw bm{¥nI Ifn∏m´ßfpwAt±lw \n¿an®Xmbn ]n¬°metdma≥ F©n\ob¿ Bb hn{Sqhnbkv(Vitruvius) ]dbp∂p≠v. PymanXnbnseAt±lØns‚ {]i-kvX kw`mh\Iyq_ns‚ Cc´n∏n-°¬ BWv. [3]

]camWp kn≤m¥w {Kokn¬anse‰knse eyqkn∏ pw

(Leucippus of Miletus:c.440 B.C.) At±-

sXbv enkv- s‚ G‰hpw henb kw`m-h\ {]]©{]Xn- m-k-߃°v anØp-I-fnepw ssZhn-I-Xz-ØnepwA[n-jvTn-X-a-√m-Ø, XnI®pw `uXn-I-am-b, hymJym-\-߃ \¬Im≥ At±lw Xbm-dmbn F∂-Xm-bn-cn-°mw. AXn-eqsS At±lw Atbm-Wn-b≥ Z¿i-\-im-Jbv°v cq]w \¬In. {]]©w BZn-bn¬ Pe-abwBbn-cp-s∂∂pw kIe {]]-©hpw sh≈-Øn¬\n∂v D¤-hn®p F∂pw At±lw kn≤m-¥n-®p.

imkv{X-KXn 45imkv{X-KXn

l-Øns‚ injy\mb sUtam{In‰ pw(Democritus, c.470-400 B.C.) BWv{Kokn¬ ]camWp kn≤m¥Øn\pkzoImcyX \¬InbXv. B‰w F∂hm°n\pXs∂ ]nf¿°m≥ ]‰mØXvF∂mWv A¿∞w. sRcp°m≥ Ign-bmØ, ]nf¿°m≥ ]‰mØ, \mi-an√mØ, A¥na LSIßsf-s°m-≠m-Wv kIe ]Zm¿∞ßfpw \n¿an-°s∏´Xv. AØcw ]camWp°fpwAhbv°nSbnse iq\yXbpamWv{]]©Øns‚ kz`mhw. ]camWp-°-ƒ°v am‰w kw`hn°p∂n√, Ah-bpsS Ne\hpw hn\ymkhpw am{Xtaamdp∂p≈q. CXmIs´ Hcp A\nhm-cyXbpsS ^eamWv . Aßs\{]]©w ]q¿h \n›b{]ImcwNen°p∂ Hcp bm{¥nI kwhn[m\wBbn amdp∂p. Aßs\ t]mbnAhcpsS ]camWp kn≤m¥w. Cukn≤m¥w hy‡n\njvTamb CjvSm\n-jvSßfpw ImgvN∏mSpIfpw A{]k-‡am°p∂p. Npcp°Øn¬ a\pjy\nct]£amb, a\pjy _mlyamb,{]IrXnsb Is≠Øn F∂v ]dbmw.sUtam{In‰kv FgpXn: ""km{ºZmbnIcoXn A\pkcn®v a[pcw, Ibv]v, NqSv,XWp∏v, _lphn[ \nd߃ CsXm-s°bp≠v. C{μnb tKmNcambKpW߃ D≠v. F∂m¬ bYm¿-∞Øn¬ ]camWp°fpw iq\yXbpwam{Xta D≈q. Ah am{XamWvkXyw. '' B[p\nI ]camWpkn≤m¥hpambn CXn\p≈ kmaywbmZr›nIw am{XamsW∂v ]dtb≠-Xn√t√m. ]co£Wßfntem sXfnhp-Ifntem A[njvTnXa√mØ, shdpwbp‡nsb am{Xw B{ibn®p≈\nKa\߃ Bbncp∂p Chsb√mw.Zm¿i\nIambn CXv `uXnI hmZwXs∂bmWv. kzX{¥ C—m i‡nsbCXv \ntj[n°p∂p. a\pjy≥F¥msWt∂m F¥mIWsat∂mHs° apºn\mse Xs∂ Ahs‚AWp°ƒ \n›bn®p Ign™ncn-°p∂p. CtXmsS \n¿WbhmZwimkv{XØn¬ {]thin®p F∂v]dbmw. {Ko°pIm¿ AXns\\ntbmKw (compulsion) F∂v hnfn®p.

{Ko°v sshZywBZnIme {Ko°v sshZyØn¬

aq∂v [mcIƒ ImWmw. {]Yahpw{][m\hpw Bbn sshZy tZhXbmbFkvIse]nbqkns‚ (Aesculapius)Xm{¥nI ]mcºcyw. c≠maXmbnss]XtKmdmkns‚ ssk≤m¥nI]mcºcyw. aq∂maXmbn lnt∏m{Im-‰ ns‚ AtbmWnb≥ {]mtbmKnI]mcºcyw. {In.]n. aq∂mw \q‰m≠v

apºv XpSßp∂ AtbmWnb≥ sshZy]mcºcyØns‚ tcJIƒ tImknselnt∏m{Im‰kns‚ (Hippocrates ofCos:c.460-377 B.C.) t]cnemWv Adnb-s∏Sp∂Xv. F¶nepw AsXmcp injy]cºcbpsS IrXn k©bw BImt\hgnbp≈q. Xo¿®bmbpw lnt∏m-{Im‰kvDPzeamb Hcp hy‡nXzw Bbncp∂p.sshZyhrØnsb Hcp ssk≤m¥nIA`ymkw F∂Xntesd AXns\ HcpIetbm ss\]pWntbm BbmWvAh¿ I≠Xv. F¶nepw Ah¿°pwBtcmKysØ∏‰n Ahcp-tSXmbkn≤m¥ßƒ D≠mbncp∂p. tae≥-sImfnIv, km≥Kphn\kv, sImsfdnIv,

vsf‹m´nIv (melancholic, sanguineous,choleric and phlegmatic) F∂nßs\\mev ck߃ (humours) BWvBtcmKyØns‚ clkyw F∂v Ah¿IcpXn. ChbpsS k¥pen-XmhÿBWv AtcmKmhÿbv°pw AhbpsSG‰°pd®n¬ BWv tcmKØn\pwImcWw F∂pw Ah¿ kn≤m¥n®p.(Bbp¿thZØnse {XntZmj kn≤m-¥hpw Bbp≈ kam\X hy‡am-Wt√m.) kn≤m¥w Fßs\ Bbmepwhfsc hn]pehpw kar≤hpw Bb HcpA\p`h kºØv Huj[ {]tbmK-Ønepw imkv{X {Inbbnepw Ah¿t\SnsbSpØp. B ]mcºcytØmSvB[p\nI sshZy imkv{XØn\p≈IS∏mSv sshZy hnZym¿∞nIƒFSp°p∂ lnt∏m{Im‰nIv {]Xn⁄-bn¬ {]Xn^en°p∂p.

(XpScpw)Ipdn∏pIƒ:

1. CtX∏‰n slctUm´kv F∂ {Ko°vNcn{XImc≥ Hcp IY ]dbp∂p≠v.enUnb°mcpw taUkvImcpw XΩn¬A©v h¿jw Bbn Hcp bp≤w \S-°pIbmbncp∂p. Hcn°epw Ah-km-\n°ns√∂v tXm∂nb B bp≤wAhkm\n∏n°m≥ HSphn¬ sXbv

enkv Hcp hnZy {]tbmKn®pht{X.hcm≥ t]mIp∂ Hcp kqcy{KlWwAt±lw ap≥Iq´n {]hNn®v AXvbp≤w Ahkm\n∏n°m\p≈ ssZh-ß-fpsS ASbmfw Bbncn°pw F∂vAhsc DZvt_m[n∏n®p. ]d™-Xp-t]mse IrXyw B Znhkw (AXv]n∂oSp≈ IW°pIq´¬ {]Imcw_n.kn. 585 tabv 28\v Bbncp∂p)kqcy{KlWw D≠mbn. ssZhlnXwa\ nem°nb Ccp]£°mcpwbp≤w Ahkm\n∏n® v imizXkJyØnte¿s∏SpIbpw sNbvXp.

2. Sir T L Heath: A Mannual of GreekMathematics, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1931.

3. _n.kn. 430 t\mSSpØv GX≥kn¬Hcp ]I¿®hym[n ]c∂pht{X.AXn\ v ]cnlmcw ImWm\mbnsZtem-knse At∏mtfm tZhmeb-Øn -tebv°v ZqX∑m¿ t]mbn .sZtemknse shfn®∏mSv Dd™p-Xp≈n shfn]mSv ]d™p: ""GX≥-knse At∏mtfmbpsS tZhmeb-Ønse AƒØmc Cc´n∏n°pI!''GX≥kpIm¿ kaNXpc°´bpsSBIrXnbnep≈ AƒØmcbpsS\ofhpw hoXnbpw s]m°hpwCc´n∏n®p. ]I¿®hym[n ian®n√.sZtemkntebv°v as‰mcp \nthZIkwLw t]mbn. shfn®∏mSv ]d™p:""\n߃ AƒØmc Cc´n∏n°pIb√sNbvXXv; F´nc´n B°pIbmWv.Cc´n∏n°q!'' At∏mgmWv kwKXn-bpsS Kuchw GX≥kpIm¿°vt_m[yw BbXv. ]ns∂ Iptd Ime-tØbv°v {Ko°pImcpsS IuXpIwIyq_v Cc´n∏n°¬ F∂ kakyBbncp∂p. HSphn¬ B¿ssI‰mkvBWt{X B {]iv\w \n¿[mcWwsNbvXXv. At∏mtg°pw ]I¿®-hym[n AXns‚ kzm`mhnI ]cnkam-]vXnbnseØnbncp∂p F∂v ]dtb-≠-Xn√t√m! A{X s]s´∂v \n¿[m-cWw sNøm\mImØ Hcp kaky\n¿t±in® sZtemknse shfn®∏-mSn-s\bpw A`n\μnt® ]‰q.

46 Pq¨ 2011

A

hn⁄m\ kaq-l-ÿm-]-\-hpw

tIc-f-Øns‚

ka-{K-hn-I-k-\hpw

kwhmZwAtimI≥ Rmd°¬

sXc-s™-Sp∏v ASp-Ø-tXmsS Agn-a-Xn-\n¿am¿P-\hpw, ka-{K-hn-I-k-\hpwkPoh N¿®m-hn-j-b-ß-fm-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-W-t√m. Agn-aXn XS-bm-\mbn Hcp]pXnb temIv]m¬ kwhn-[m\w G¿s∏-Sp -Ø-W-sa∂ Bh-iy -ap -∂ -bn® v{]ikvX Km‘n-b-\mb A∂ lkmscXpS-ßnb \ncm-lm-c-k-acw hºn® P\-]n-¥pW t\Sn-s°m≠v {][m-\-a{¥na≥tam-l≥kn-ßn-\pw, tIm¨{KkvA[y£ tkmWn-b-Km-‘n°pw Hcp Xe-th-Z-\-bmbn amdn. AtXmsS lkmscD∂-bn® Bh-iy-tØmSv BZyw apJwXncn-®p-\n∂ `c-W-IqSw temIv]m¬_n¬ ]mkm-°m≥ kΩ-Xn-®p-sIm≠v

hnP-b-I-c-ambn ]n∑m-dm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-am-bn. hnI-k-\-Øns‚ ad-hn¬]e-t∏mgpw \S-°p∂ Agn-a-Xnsbcmjv{S-Øns‚ {i≤bn¬ sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn¬ {io lkm-sc-bpw, {ioaXnta[m-]-SvI¿ t]mep≈ At±-l-Øns‚ kl-{]-h¿Ø-Icpw hnP-bn-®n-cn -°p-∂p. AXn-e-h¿ \ΩpsSIrX-⁄X A¿ln-°p-∂p.

]t£ CØcw ka-c-ß-fn¬FSp-Øp-Nm-Sp∂ ]e-cp-sSbpw temI-ho-£-W-Øns‚ ]cn-an-Xnbpw Cukacw shfn -s∏-Sp -Øp-∂p. HcptemIv]m¬ \nbaw h∂m¬ Agn-aXn C√m-Xm-Iptam? \nb-a-ß-fp-sS-

tbm, \oXn-\ymb ÿm]-\-ß-fp-S-sStbm Ipd-hmtWm Agn-aXn s]cp-Im≥ ImcWw? \oXn-]o-T-sØ-Øs∂Agn-aXn hngp-ßn-bnt√? DtZym-K-ÿ-kw-hn-[m-\hpw ]´mfw t]mepw Agn-a-Xn -bpsS Ib-Øn¬ apßn-bnt√?CØcw {]iv\-ß-sfm∂pw ka-{K-ambn]cn -K -Wn -°msX Imf s]s‰∂ptIƒ°p-tºmƒ Ib-sd-Sp-°m-t\m-Sp-∂-h-sc-t∏mse Agn-a-Xn°p H‰-aq-en-bmbnP≥ temIv]m¬ kwhn-[m-\sØ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xp temI-ho-£-W-Øns‚]cn-anXn Xs∂.

F∂m¬ CØ-c-Øn¬ Agn-aXn\n¿am¿P-\hpw hnI-k-\hpw Bbn

tIcf k¿°m-cns‚ {][m\ sh_vssk‰v ae-bm-f-Øn¬ CXp-h-scbpw e`y-am-°n-bn- n-√. ae-bmfw D≈ \nc-h[n sh_vssk-‰p-I-fn¬ t]mepw GIo-IrX en]n-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-Ø-Xp-Im-cWw hntZ-i-a-e-bm-fn-Iƒ Dƒs∏sS ]e¿°pw Ah A{]m-]y-ambn XpS-cp∂p F∂bmYm¿∞y-hp-ap-≠v. tIc-f-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ F√m sF.-Sn. kwhn-[m-\-ß-fnepw bqWn-tImUvk{º-Zm-b-Øn-ep≈ ae-bmf en]n-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn Ch-bpsS D]-tbmKw kpK-a-am-°WwF∂v k¿°m¿ \n¿t±-i-ap-s≠-¶nepw AXp \S-∏n-em-°p-∂n-√.

imkv{X-KXn 47

_‘-s∏´p Imem-Im-e-ß-fn¬ \S-°p∂ N¿®-I-fn¬\n∂pw ]e-Xp-sIm≠pw hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cp∂p 2011BZy BgvN-bn¬ Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØp\S∂ aq∂mw A¥m-cmjv{S tIcf ]T-\- tIm¨{K-knse N¿®-Iƒ.

km{am-PyXz t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈BtKm-f-h-XvI-c-W-Øn-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈t]mcm´w i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®-t∏mƒ Xs∂ km{am-PyXz BtKm-f-h-XvI-c-W-Øn-\p≈ bYm¿∞ _Z-embn km¿h-tZ-iob kl-I-c-W-Øn¬A[n -jvTn -X -amb km¿h-tZ -iobhn⁄m-\-k-aqlw F∂ k¶-ev]sØAXv XXz-Øn¬ AwKo-I-cn-®p. AXp-t]mse Xs∂ hn⁄m\kaq-l-sa∂Ah-ÿ-bn-te-°p≈ tIc-f-Øns‚(a‰p \mSp-I-fp-sS-bpw) {]bm-W-Øn¬kzX{¥ tkm^v‰vshb-dns\ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈ C˛-`-c-W-Øn-\pw,AXp-hgn D≠m-Im≥ t]mIp∂ ka-{K--cW ]cn-jvIm-c-Øn-\pw, \n¿Wm-bI

]¶p-h-ln-°m-\p≠v F∂pw ]T-\-tIm¨{Kkv hne-bn-cp -Øn. ]T\-tIm¨-{K-knse N¿®-Isf hne-bn-cp-Øn-s°m≠v AXns‚ Aa-c-°m-cn-sem-cm -fm -bn -cp∂ tIc-f -Øns‚ ap≥[\a{¥n tUm. tXmakv sFkIvFgp-Xnb {]uV-amb hni-I-e-\-Ønse {]k-‡-`m-K-߃ am{XwChnsS D≤-cn-°-s´. (C-Xns‚ ]q¿W-cq]w imkv{X-KXn amkn-I-bpsSs^{_p-h-cn- -am¿®v 2011 {]tXyI ]Xn-∏n-ep≈ At±-l-Øns‚ ""BtKm-f-h-XvI-cW ImeØv tIc-f-Øns‚ hnI-k\ ImgvN-∏mSv F¥m-bn-cn-°Ww''F∂ teJ-\-Øn-ep-≠v).

kzX-{¥-tkm^v‰v shb-dns\ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈ Cu˛-K-th¿W≥-kmWv tIcfw e£y-an-tS-≠Xv tUm.tXmakv sFk°v

]cn-ÿnXn kulrZ kao-]-\-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ {i≤]Xn-∏n-t°-≠-Xp≠v F∂v (tI-cf]T\) tIm¨{Kkv hne-bn-cp-Øn.Db¿∂ hf¿® ÿmbn-bm-°m≥ CXvIqSntb Xocq. F√m taJ-e-I-fn-sebpwenwK-\o-Xn-bpsS {]iv\-ßfpw tIm -{Kkv N¿® sNbvXp. tIc-f-Øn¬ ASp-Ø-Xmbn \S-t°≠ kmaq-ly-am-‰-Øns‚ G‰hpw {][m-\-amb {]iv\wenwK-\o-Xn-bp-tS-Xm-Wv.

ssh⁄m-\nI kaq -l -ambntIcfw amtd-≠Xv \ΩpsS hnI-k\km[y-X-Iƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xn\v AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv. hnZym-`ym-k- -B-tcmKy taJ-e-Iƒ°v tIcfw\¬In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ ap≥K-W\XpS-c-Ww. CS-°m-eØv h∂ Ah-K-

Xv. ka{K \nba ]cn-jvImc \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xns‚ {]m[m-\yhpw ]T-\-tIm¨{Kkv hne-bn-cp-Øn. c-W-]-cn-jvImccwKsØ G‰hpw{][m\ Im¬h-bv]mbn A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{μo-I-c-W-cw-KsØ CXp-h-sc-bp≈t\´-ßsf IW-°m-°-Ww. F∂m¬P\-]-¶m-fnØw Dd-∏m-°nbpw DtZym-Kÿ ]p\¿hn-\ymkw ]q¿Øn-bm-°nbpw hnI-k-\-h-Ip-∏p-I-fpsS hnhn-[-X-e-ß-fnse GtIm-]\w km[y-am-°nbpw Cu cwKsØ IS-a -Iƒ]q¿Øn-bm-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

`cW kwhn-[m-\w-t]mse hnI-k-\-Øn¬ kp{]-[m\ ]¶v tIc-f-Ønsekl-I-cW {]ÿm-\-Øn\pw hln-°m-\p-≠v. sshZy-\m-Y≥ IΩn‰ndnt∏m¿´v Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-tºmƒXs∂tIc-f-Ønse kl-I-cW {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ ]p\x-kw-L-S\ kp{]-[m\ IS-a-bm-sW∂v hne-bn-cp-Øn.

]pØ≥ hnI-k\ kwkvIm-c -Øns‚ Bh-iy-IX C.-Fw.-F-kv. ]eh´w Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®n- p-≠v. cmjv{So-bt -Z-߃ \ne-\n¬°pw. BtKm-f-h-XvI-cW ]cn-jvIm-c-ß-tfm-Sp≈ FXn¿∏pwXpS -cpw. F∂m¬ AtX kabwkwÿm-\-Øns‚ hnI-k-\-Øn\v{]mtbm-Kn-I-amb Hcp ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS

W\ Xncp-Øp-∂-Xn\v Cu taJ-e-bnse \nt£]w kao]-Im-eØvKWy-ambn Db¿Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Cukao-]\w i‡n-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. D∂XhnZym -`ymk taJ-e-bn¬ henbtXmXn¬ apX¬ap-S°v IqSntb Xocq.kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-s‚bpw {]mY-anI BtcmKy kuI-cy-ß-fp-sSbpwKpW-\n-e-hm-c-Øn-ep-≠mb henbDb¿® C\nbpw apt∂m v sIm≠p-t]m-I-Ww. Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb ImbnIkwkvIm-c-Øn-\mbn Bhn-jvI-cn®kvIoap-Iƒ ka-b-_-‘n-X-ambn \S-∏m-°-s∏-S-Ww.

ta¬∏d™ Imcy-߃ \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v \n¿Wm-bI ]¶v k¿°m-cn-\p-≠v. CXn\v k¿°m-cns‚ hn`-h-tijn KWy-am-bn-´p-b-c-Ww. AtXm-sSm∏w I¿a-ti-jn-bnepw kaq-e-am‰wth≠-Xp-≠v. hnhn[ `c-W-ta-J-e-I-fnse ]cn -j vIm -c -ß-sf -°p -d n® vtIm¨{Kkv hne-bn -cp -Øn. Ah-sb√mw kwtbm-Pn-∏n®v Hcp ka{K`cW]cn-jvImc ka-b-_-‘nX ]cn-]mSn Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-I-bmWv C\n-bp≈ e£yw. Cu ISa C\n \o´n-h-bv°m-\m-In-√. kzX{¥ tkm^v‰v -shb¿ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈ C˛K-th¿W≥kmWv tIcfw e£y-an-tS-≠-

]t£ CØcw ka-c-ß-fn¬ FSp-Øp-Nm-Sp∂ ]e-cp-sSbpw temI-ho-£-W-Øns‚ ]cn-an-Xnbpw Cukacw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Hcp temIv]m¬ \nbawh∂m¬ Agn-aXn C√m-Xm-Iptam? \nb-a-ß-fp-sS-tbm,\oXn-\ymb ÿm]-\-ß-fp-S-sStbm Ipd-hmtWm Agn-aXn s]cp-Im≥ ImcWw? \oXn-]o-T-sØ-Øs∂ Agn-aXn hngp-ßn-bnt√?

48 Pq¨ 2011

ASn -ÿm-\ -Øn¬ hn]p -e -ambtbmPn∏v hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥ Ign-b-Ww. CØ-c-samcp kao-]-\-Øn\v P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-chpw aX-\n-c-t]-£-hp-ambkwkvImcw AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv.kmwkvIm-cnI aWvU-e-Ønse {]iv\-߃, {]tXy-In®v am[ya taJ-e-sb-°p-dn®v ]T-\-tIm¨{Kkv hni-Z-ambnN¿®-sN-øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. ka-hm-b-߃cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ am[y-a-߃°pwkp{]-[m-\-amb ]¶p-≠v. am[y-a-cw-KsØ A\m-tcm-Ky-I-c-amb a’-chpw\n£n]vX XmXv]-cy-ßfpw CXn\pXS w \n¬°-cp-Xv.

]T\ tIm¨{Kkv apt∂m-´p-h®hnI-k-\-]-cn-]m-Sn-bpsS ASn-Ød \ne-hn-ep≈ CS-Xp-]£ P\m[n]Xy-ap∂Wn k¿°m¿ krjvSn®p Ign-™p. CXn-\p≈ XpS¿®-bmWv C\nth≠-Xv. Cu XpS¿® Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂cmjv{Sob s]mXp-P-\m-`n-{]mbw D≠m-I-Ww.

(B-tKm-f-h-XvI-c-W-Im-eØv tIc-f-Øns‚ hnI-k\ ImgvN-∏mSv F¥m-bn-cn-°Ww?˛tUm. tXmakv sFk-Iv,imkv{X-K-Xn, s^{_p-h-cn-˛-am¿®v 2011.Xe-°p -dn∏ v Iq´n -t®¿Ø-Xm -Wv .imkv{X-K-Xn-bpsS sh_vssk-‰n¬\n߃°v ]q¿W-cq -] -Øn -ep≈teJ\w hmbn-°mw)

]T-\ -tIm¨{Kknse N¿®-Isft{ImUo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v tUm. sFkIvAh-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ ]pXnb kao-]\wk¿hmfl\m kzmK-Xm¿l-am-Wv. F∂n-cn-°nepw CXp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Nne\n¿t±-i-߃ IqSn tIc-f-k-aq-l-Øn¬\S-°p∂ XpS¿N¿®-I-fn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-

°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v. \n¿t±-i-߃ Ch-bm-Wv.

1. hn⁄m\ kaql \n¿anXnamXr- m-j-bn¬ IqSn am{Xta km[y-am-Iq. tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-j-Øns‚ 48˛mw hm¿jn-I-k-tΩ-f\w]mkm-°nb ""hnh-c-km-t¶-XnI hnZym-cw-KØv ae-bm-f- m-j-bpsS D]-tbmKwh¿[n-∏n-°pI'' F∂ {]tabw C°m-cy-Øn¬ \s√mcp hgn-Im-´n-bm-Wv.{]ta-b-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ {]k-‡-`m-K-߃ Xmsg sImSp-°p-∂p. {]tabw]q¿W-cq -] -Øn¬ ]cn -j -Øns‚sh_vssk-‰n¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n- p-≠v.

tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv48-˛mw kwÿm-\-hm¿jnIw AwKo-I-cn® {]tabw

hnh-c-km-t¶-XnI hnZym-cw-KØvae-bmf `mj-bpsS D]-tbmKw h¿[n-∏n-°p-I.

temIsØ√m-bn-S-tØbpw t]msetIc-f-Ønepw hnh-c-km-t¶-Xn-I-hnZyPohn-X-Øns‚ ka-kvX-ta-JeIfnepwhym]n-°p-I-bm-Wv. hnhc kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpsS Cu hym]\w Adnt™mAdn-bm-sXtbm \ΩpsS ssZ\w-Zn\hyh-lm-c-ß-fn¬ ae-bmf `mj-bpsSD]-tbm-KsØ XS- -s∏-Sp-Øp∂ coXn-bn-embn amdp∂p F∂ hkvXp-X-bnseA]-ISw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°m≥ R߃B{K-ln-°p-∂p. tIcf k¿°m-cns‚{][m\ sh_vssk‰v ae-bm-f-Øn¬CXp-h-scbpw e`y-am-°n-bn-´n-√. ae-bmfw D≈ \nc-h[n sh_vssk-‰p-I-fn¬ t]mepw GIo-IrX en]n-Iƒ(t^m-≠p-Iƒ) D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-Ø-Xp -Im -cWw hntZ -i-a -e -bm -fn -Iƒ

Dƒs∏sS ]e¿°pw Ah A{]m-]y-ambn XpS-cp∂p F∂ bmYm¿∞y-hp-ap-≠v. tIc-f-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ F√msF.-Sn. kwhn-[m-\-ß-fnepw bqWn-tImUv k{º-Zm-b-Øn-ep≈ ae-bmfen]n-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn Ch-bpsSD]-tbmKw kpK-a-am-°Ww F∂vk¿°m¿ \n¿t±-i-ap-s≠-¶nepw AXp\S-∏n-em-°p-∂n-√.

_lp-`q-cn-]£w t]cpsS ssI-bnepw samss_¬t^m¨ FØn-°-gn-™n-cn-°p∂p F∂ bmYm¿∞ysØ`cW kpXm-cy-X-°mbn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ tIcf k¿°m-cns‚ Fw -K-th¨kv AYhm samss_¬ c-W-]-≤-Xnsb kzmKXw sNøp-tºm-gpw,CØcw ]≤-Xn-I-fn¬ Ab-°p∂Fkv.-Fw.-F-kp-Iƒ ae-bm-f-Øn-e√adn® Cw•o-jn-emWv F∂ IpdhvNq≠n-°m-Wn-°m\pw R߃ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. Cw•ojv en]n Adn-bmØkm[m-cW km£-c¿°v samss_¬`c-W-kw-hn-[m\w D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn\vCu Ipdhv XS- -am-Ip-∂p. samss_¬`c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-Øn¬ ae-bm-f-Øns‚X\-Xp-en-]n-bn-ep≈ D]-tbmKw km[y-am-°m-\pw, {]N-cn-∏n-°m\pw D≈ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ DS≥ XpS-ß-W-sa∂v R߃_‘-s∏´ F√m-h-tcmSpw A`y¿∞n-°p-∂p. ae-bm-f-tØ-°mƒ F{XtbmA[nIw k¶o¿W-amb en]n-I-fp≈ssN\okv, Pm∏-\okv `mj-Iƒsamss_¬ t^mWp-I-fn¬ Imcy-£-a-amb D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ ae-bmfw en]n Cu ]≤-Xn-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv kmt¶-Xn-I-ambn Akm-[y-amb Hcp Imcy-a-√.AXp-sIm≠v CXp-ambn _‘-s∏´vAh-ti-jn-°p∂ kmt¶-Xn-I-{]-iv\-߃ ]cn -l-cn -°m≥ Kth-j-I¿,samss_¬ t^m¨ \n¿am-Xm-°ƒ,tkh-\ -Zm -Xm -°ƒ F∂n -h -cpsSklmbw tXSm≥ k¿°m¿ ap≥ssI-sb-Sp -°Ww F∂p-IqSn R߃A`y¿∞n-°p-∂p.

ae-bmfw ad-∂p-sIm-≠p≈ sF.-Sn.hym]-\-Øns‚ A]-I-S-ß-sf-∏‰n ]d-bp-tºmƒ Xs∂, sF.-Sn.-bp-sSbpwhnti-jn®v bpWn-tImUv kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bp-sSbpw hf¿® ae-bm-f-apƒs∏-sS -bp≈ F√m ]uc-kvXy -`m -j-Iƒ°pw Xcp∂ ]pXnb km[y-X-IƒtIc-f-Ønse `c-W-h-Ip-∏p-I-fnepwtImS-Xn-I-fn-epw, _m¶v, kl-I-c-W-_m¶v apX-emb [\-Imcy ÿm]-\-ß-fnepw ae-bm-f-Øns‚ {]tbmKw hym]-I-am-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°-W-sa-∂p-IqSnR߃ A`y¿∞n-°p-∂p. C‚¿s\-‰pw, bqWn-tImUpw hym]-I-am-°p-∂-Xn-

imkv{X-KXn 49

\p-apºv kmt¶-XnI sshj-ay-߃,hnti-jn®pw ssS∏vssd-‰¿ Iot_m¿-Up -ambn _‘-s∏´ kmt¶-XnIsshj-ay -߃, ae -bm -f -Øns‚hym]I D]-tbm-KsØ XS- -s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp∂p F∂Xv hkvXp-X-bm-Wv.F∂m¬ kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-ZymcwKsØ]pXnb apt∂-‰-߃ AØcw sshj-ay-߃ ]cn-l-cn®p Ign-™n-cn-°p∂pF∂Xv kt¥m-j-{]-Z -am-Wv. Cu]pXnb kml-N-cy-Øn¬ ae-bm-f-Øns‚ HutZym-Kn-I-cw-KsØ D]-tbmKw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ FSp-°-W-sa∂vR߃ A`y¿∞n-°p-∂p.

1. G‰hpw Xmgv∂-Xew apX¬G‰hpw Db¿∂-Xew hsc-bp≈ (sF.-F. -F-kv . -Im¿ Dƒs∏-sS) F√mk¿°m¿ DtZym-K-ÿ¿°pw ae-bmfw^b-ep-Iƒ Iºyq-´-dn¬ ssIImcywsNøm-\p≈ {]mhoWyw Dd-∏m-°m-\p≈ ]cn -io -e\w \¬I-Ww.k¿°m¿ iºfw ]‰p∂ Fbn-UUvDƒs∏-sS-bp≈ kvIqƒ/tImtfPvA[ym-]-I¿°pw ae-bmfw Iºyq- -dn¬ssIImcyw sNøm-\p≈ ]cn-io-e\w\¬Im-\p≈ kwhn-[m\w Hcp-°-Ww.sF.-Sn. A‰v kvIqƒ apX-emb \ne-hn-ep≈ kwhn-[m-\-ßsf CXn-\p-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. IS-emkv clnX c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-Øns‚ `mK-ambn F√mDtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS apºnepw Iºyq-´¿sS¿an-\-ep-Iƒ FØp-tºmƒ Ah¿^b-ep-I-fn¬ Cw•ojv D]-tbm-Kn-°n√F∂Xv Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ CXm-h-iy-am-Wv.

2. _m¶v, kl-I-c-W-_m¶v apX-emb taJ-e-I-fn¬ ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-h¿°pw CØcw ]cn-io-e\ kwhn-[m\w Hcp-°-Ww. F√m tcJ-Ifpw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ IqSn e`y-am-°m≥ Cuÿm]-\-ß-fpsS amt\-Pp-sa‚p-Isft{]cn-∏n-°-Ww.

3. \ne-hn¬ Cw•o-jn¬ b-ep-IƒssIImcyw sNøp-∂-h¿°v s]s´∂vae-bm-f-Øn-te°v amdpI Ffp-∏-a√F∂ bmYm¿∞y-ap-≠v. Cu am‰wFfp∏-am-°m≥ th≠n tIcf k¿°m-cns‚ ap≥ssI-bn¬ sh_v A[n-jvTnXbm{¥nI X¿Pa kwhn-[m\w G¿s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ AXn-thKwXpS-ß-W-sa-∂p-IqSn R߃ A`y¿-∞n-°p-∂p. CØcw kwhn-[m\w \S-∏n-em-bm¬ C∂v Cw•o-jn¬ DØ-c-hp-I-fpw, hn[n-Ifpw Xbm-dm-°p∂ D∂XDtZym-K-ÿ¿°pw, PUvPn-am¿°pwCw•ojv ]I¿∏n-t\m-sSm∏w X’-abwXs∂ AXns‚ ae-bmfw ]I¿∏pw(B-h-iy-sa-¶n¬ lnμn ]I¿∏pw)

Xbm-dm-°m-\pw, AXp-hgn `c-W-`mj(tIm-S-Xn-`m-j-bpw) ae-bm-f-am-°p∂{]{Inb Xzcn-X-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw Ign-bpw.

4. ae-bmfw C∂v t\cn-Sp∂ Hcp{]Xn-k‘n imkv{X-km-t¶-XnI {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fpsS Ipd-hm-Wv. auen-I-amb IrXn-I-fpsS cN-\-h-gn-bpw, X¿Pahgnbpw Cu {]Xn-k‘n adn-I-S-°m-\p≈ Hcp _rl-Zv]-cn-]mSn Bhn-jvI-cn-°-W-sa∂pw R߃ k¿°m-cn-t\mSv A`y¿∞n-°p-∂p. apI-fn¬kqNn-∏n® bm{¥nI X¿P-a-kw-hn-[m\w \S-∏n-em-bm¬ AXv Cu Ipdhv]cn-l-cn-°m\pw hgn-sbm-cp-°pw.

5. bqWn-t°mUv ae-bmfw t^m≠p-I-fpsS kmt¶-XnI {]iv\-߃ ]q¿W-ambn ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw C°m-cy-Øn¬ ssat{Im-tkm^v‰v t]mep≈IpØ-I-I-fpsS XmXv]-cy-߃ ASn-t®¬∏n-°p-∂Xv XS-bp-∂-Xn-\p-ambntIcf k¿°m¿ bqWn -t°mUvI¨tkm¿jy-Øn¬ AwK-am-I-W-sa∂pw R߃ A`y¿∞n-°p-∂p.

2. hn⁄m\ kaq-l-\n¿an-Xn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´v ]cn-K-Wn-t°≠as‰mcp {][m\ \n¿t±iw kºq¿Whn⁄m\ km£-c-X-bp-ambn _‘-s∏- -Xm-Wv. hn⁄m-\-k-aqlw Xcp∂km[y-X-Iƒ Xß-fpsS sXmgn¬ taJ-e-I-fnepw \nXy-Po-hn-X-Ønepw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ ]cn-io-e\wF√m-h¿°pw \¬IpI F∂-XmWv

CXp-sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv. CØ-c-Øn¬ ]cn -io -e\w DtZym -K -ÿ-∑m¿°pw, A[ym-]-I¿°pw, s{]m -j-W¬ tPmen-°m¿°pw am{X-a√ Irjn-°m¿°pw sNdp-I-®-h-S-°m¿°pw,ss{Uh¿am¿, ac-∏-Wn-°m¿, I¬∏-Wn-°m¿, tIm¨{Io‰v ]Wn-°m¿, Npa-´p-Im¿, πw_¿, Ce-Iv{So-jy≥ XpSßnF√m-hn -`mKw sXmgn -se-Sp -°p-∂-h¿°pw \¬I-Ww. C∂p sXmgn-en-√m-Ø-h¿°pw ho -Ω-am¿°pw hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°pw Cu ]cn-io-e\w \¬I-Ww.

tIc-f-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-km-l-N-cy-Øn¬ CØcw XpS¿]-cn-io-e-\-Øn¬{]tXyI ]cn-K-W\ \¬tI≠ hn`m-

K-ß-fmWv {]hm-kn-Iƒ, Xt±i ÿm]-\-ß-fnse P\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ, DtZym-K-ÿ¿, kl-I -c -W-_m¶v Ub-d -

IvS¿t_m¿Uv AwK-߃, kl-I-c-W-_m¶v tPmen-°m¿ F∂n-h¿. tIcfwC∂p t\cn-Sp∂ ]e {]iv\-ß-fpw,

]cn-l-cn-°m≥ Ch-cpsS im‡o-I-cWwklm-bn-°pw.

tIc-f-Ønse hnhn[ ]n.-F-kv.-kn.]co-£-Iƒ Fgp-Xp-∂-h¿ hcm≥t]mIp∂ C˛-`-c-W-Im-esØ C˛-^-b-ep-Iƒ \ΩpsS HutZym-Kn-I- m-j-bmbae-bm-f-Øn¬ Xs∂ ssIImcywsNøm≥ {]m]vX-cm-bn-cn-°Ww F∂XvA\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v C\n-ta-ep≈ F√m ]n.-F-kv.-kn. ]co-£-Iƒ°pw At]-£n-°p-∂-h¿ \n¿_-

50 Pq¨ 201150

‘-ambpw Iºyq-´-dn¬ bqWn-tImUvae-bm-f-Øn¬ thK-Øn¬ ssS∏psNøm-\p≈ Ignhv t\Sn-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂ \n_-‘\ DS≥ G¿s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

bYm¿∞-Øn¬ hn⁄m-\-km-£-c-Xsb (km-[m-cW km£-c-X-tb-bpw)]›m-Øe kuIcy hnI-k-\-Øns‚`mK-am-bmWv C∂v ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xv.]gb hyh-kmb bpK-Øn¬ sXmgn-em-fn-I-fn¬ \n∂v ]cn-an-X-amb km£-c-Xtb {]Xo-£n-®n-cp-∂p-≈q. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ {]mY-anI hnZym-`ymkwam{X-amWv kmaq-ly-_m-[y-X-bmbnapJy-[m-cm-[-\-imkv{Xw I≠n-cp-∂-Xv.AtX kabw tdmUv, sdbn¬, Xpd-ap-J-߃, sshZypXn DXv]m-Z-\-hpw, hnX-c-Whpw F∂o taJ-e-I-fn-em-bn-cp∂pkmaq-ly-C-S-s]-S-ep-Iƒ tI{μo-I-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ hn⁄m-\-k-aq-l-Øn¬ sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ°v Imbn-I-I-gn-hp-Iƒ am{Xw t]mcm. adn®v _u≤n-I-I-gn-hp-Iƒ°mWv {]m[m-\yw. b{¥-h-XvI-cWw hym]-I-am-b-tXmsS Imbn-I-{]m-[m-\y-ap≈ sXmgn-ep-Iƒ hf-sc-tbsd Ipd-™n-cn-°p-∂p. C∂p hym]-I-ambn N¿® sNø-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp hnj-b-am-Wt√m sXmgn¬ \mi-I-h-f¿®.CXns‚ e-ambn mIvSdn sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS FÆw henb tXmXn¬ Ipd-™n-cn-°p-∂p. AØcw sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS Bt]-£nI hcp-am-\hpw Ipd-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Irjn, sNdp-I-®-hSwXpS-ßnb sXmgn¬ taJ-e-I-fpsSImcyw XnI®pw ]cn-Xm-]-I-c-am-Wv.

C∂v I¿j-I-s‚-tbm, sNdp-I-®-h-S-°m-c-s‚-tbm, ^mIvSdn sXmgn-em-fn-I-fp-sStbm a°ƒ AtX taJ-e-bn¬sXmgn¬ t\Sm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂n-√.

D∂X hnZym-`ym-k-ap-≈-h¿°pwsXmgn¬ e`n-°m≥ _p≤n-ap-´mWvF∂ hkvXpX Nq≠n-°m-´n, Cukºq¿W-hn-⁄m-\-km-£-cXm ]cn-]m-Snsb FXn¿°m≥ Nne¿ ht∂-°mw. ]e _p≤n-Po-hn-Ifpw {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-]-c-am-bn-Øs∂ CØcw ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂n-√. ]t£D∂-X-hn-Zym- ym-k-ap-≈-h¿°p sXmgn¬e`n-°m-\p≈ _p≤n-ap-´n\p ImcWw\ne-hn-ep≈ apX-em-fnØ kaq-l-Øns‚ kl-P-amb ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ am{X-am-Wv. D∂-X-hn-Zym-`ym-khpw hn⁄m-\-km-£-c-Xbpw D≈-h¿°n-S-bn¬sXmgn-en-√m-bvabpw ]´n-Wnbpw hym]-I-am-bm¬ AØcw Hcp kaq-lsØam‰p∂ {]{Inb Ah¿ Xs∂ \S-Øn-s°m-≈pw. CuPn-]vXn-epw, SpWo-jy-bnepw _lvssd-\nepw en_n-b-bnepwF¥n\v kuZv Atd-_y-bn¬ t]mepwCu {]{In-b-bmWv \mw ImWp-∂-Xv.

Cu {]{In-b-bn¬ BZy-L-´-Øn¬Acm-P-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ°mWv ap≥ssIF∂Xv kXy-am-Wv. XpS°w Ft∏mgpwCßs\ Xs∂ Bbn-cn-°pw. Ime-{I-taW Acm-P-I-hmZw e-Øn¬ c-W-h¿K-Øn-s\-bmWv klm-bn-°p-∂-sX∂v A[zm-\n-°p∂ `qcn-]£w a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw \ne-\n¬°p∂ kmaq-ly-am-‰-Øn-\p-th≠n bXv\n-°p∂i‡n-I-fp-ambn sFIy-s∏-Sp-IbpwsNøpw.

hnhn[ cmPy-ß-fn-embn Zi-e-£-I-W-°n-\pw, tImSn-°-W-°n\pw BbP\-߃ \S-Ønb BtKm-f-h-XvI-cWhncp-≤-t]m-cm-´-ß-tfmSv F°m-eØpwapJw Xncn-™p-\n-∂n-´p-≈-h-cn¬ Nne-sc-¶nepw km¿h-tZ-iob hn⁄m-\-k-aq-lhpw BtKm-f-h-XvI-c-W-Øns‚DZm-l-cWw X∂-bt√ F∂ ap´p-tNmZyw tNmZn-t®-°mw. anX-amb mj-bn¬ ]d-™m¬ CXp IY-b-dn-bm-sX-bp≈ B´w ImW-em-Wv. BtKm-f-h-XvI-cW hncp-≤-t]m-cm´w F∂ ]ZwH‰-t\m-´-Øn¬ F√m hntZ-i-_-‘-߃°pw hntZ-in-Iƒ°pw FXn-cm-sW∂v hymJym-\n -°-s∏-t´-°mw.F∂m¬ hkvXpX F¥mWv? XpS°wapX¬ Xs∂ km{am-Py-Xz-t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ BtKm-f-h-XvI-c-W-Øn-s\-Xn-cmb km¿h-tZ-iob sFIy-am-bmWvBtKm-f-h-XvI-cW hncp-≤-t]m-cm´w\ne-hn¬ h∂-Xv. Hcp cmPysØ^mIvS-dn-I-fn¬ sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ kacw

(tijw t]Pv 56˛¬)

ae-bmfw ad-∂p-sIm-≠p≈ sF.-Sn. hym]-\-Øns‚ A]-I-S-ß-sf-∏‰n]d-bp-tºmƒ Xs∂, sF.-Sn.-bp-sSbpw hnti-jn®vbpWn-tImUv kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bp-sSbpw hf¿®ae-bm-f-apƒs∏-sS-bp≈F√m ]uc-kvXy-`m-j-Iƒ°pw Xcp∂ ]pXnbkm[y-X-Iƒ tIc-f-Ønse `c-W-h-Ip-∏p-I-fnepw tImS-Xn-I-fn-epw,_m¶v, kl-I-c-W-_m¶vapX-emb [\-Imcyÿm]-\-ß-fnepw ae-bm-f-Øns‚ {]tbmKwhym]-I-am-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°-W-sa-∂p-IqSnR߃ A`y¿∞n-°p∂p.

imkv{X-KXn 51

{KmaoW `mcX-Ønse

hnZym-`ym-k-ÿn-Xn-bpw

imkv{X-KXn 51

\o≠ t]mcm-´-߃°p tijwsshIn-bm-sW-¶nepw \nc-h[n t]mcm-bva-I-fp-s≠-¶nepw 2010 G{]n¬ 1 apX¬hnZym- ym-km-h-Im-i-\n-baw cmPyØv \S-∏n-em-°n-Xp-S-ßn. Ct∏mƒ Hcp h¿jw]n∂n-´n-cn-°p-∂p. 19 kwÿm-\-߃am{X-amWv CXp-h-sc-bmbn amXr-Im-\n-baw ]pd-Øn-d-°n-bn- p-≈-Xv. AXn¬Xs∂ Hdo-k, kn°nw, Acp-Wm-N¬{]-tZ-iv, aWn-∏q¿ F∂o kwÿm-\-߃am{X-amWv \nbaw \S-∏n-em-°m-\m-bp≈Adn-bn∏v ]pd-Øn-d-°n-b-Xv. 6˛14 {]mb-°m-cmb 81.5 e£w Ip´n-I-ƒ kvIqfn\v]pd-Øm-sW-∂p≈ dnt∏m¿´p-I-fn¬tI{μ a\p-jy-hn-`h hnI-k\ a{¥nDXvI-WvTm-Ip-e-\m-b-Xmbn ]{X-ß-fn¬h∂n-cn-°p-∂p. kzmX{¥yw e`n®v 64h¿j-am-bns√? \nß-fnXphsc Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp∂p? B¿°v th≠n-bmWv `cn-

®psIm-≠n-cp-∂Xv?... F∂ tNmZy-߃P\-ß-fn¬ \n∂p-b¿∂p-h-tc-≠-Xm-Wv.cmjv{So-b-{]-ÿm-\-ß-fpw, kwÿm\Kh¿sa-≠p-Ifpw Cu \nb-asØ Kuc-h-ambn FSpØv \S-∏n-em-°p∂Xns‚Hcp kqN-\bpw ImWp-∂n-√.

`mcXv ⁄m\ hn⁄m\ kanXnDØ-cm-J-≠v, Pm¿J-≠v, OØo-kvK-Vv,Hdo-k, cmP-ÿm≥, a[y-{]-tZ-iv,_olm¿ F∂o kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ 20Pn√-I-fn-embn 4000 ]©m-b-Øp-I-fn¬hnZym-`ym-km-h-Imi\n-b-a-Øns‚KpWw P\-ß-fn¬ FØn-°m-\m-bp≈t_m[-hXvI-cW {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-te¿s∏- p-sIm-≠n-cn-°-bm-Wv. a\p-jy-hn--h-hn-I-k\ a{¥m-e-Øns‚ klm-b-

tØm-sS-bm-WnXv sNøp-∂-Xv. P\-ßsf\nb-a-sØ-°p-dn®v PmK-cq-I-cm-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w hnZym- ymk cwKØv Xm¬]-

cy-ap-≈-h-sc-I-s≠Øn ]cn-io-e\w\¬Ip-I. Hmtcm ]©m-b-Ønepw hnZym-`ym-k-k-anXn cq]o-I-cn®v kvIqƒ amt\-Pvsa‚ v IΩn-‰nsb klm-bn-°pI F∂-Xm-Wn-Xp-sIm-≠p-t±-in-°p-∂-Xv. CuZri {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v th≠n-bpw,_n Pn hn F ns‚ a‰v {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp -ambn _‘-s∏´pw Cu Hcph¿j°m-e-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ Nne kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ bm{X-sN-øm-\-h-kcw e`n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Htcm ÿeØpw sN√p-tºmƒ Ahn-SpsØ kvIqfp-Ifpw Np‰p-]m-Sp-Ifpw IqSn-sbm∂v t\m°n-°m-Wm≥{ian-®-Xn¬ \n∂p-≠mb A\p- h hnh-c-W-am-Wn-hnsS Ipdn-°p-∂-Xv.

AXn\v apºv _n Pn hn Fkns‚hnZym-`ymk {]h¿Ø-\-ß-sf-°p-dn-s®m∂v {lkz-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ømw.Fd-Wm-Ipfw km£-c-X-bpsS hnP-

hnZym`ymkwhn sI Pbv tkma-\m-Y≥

hnZym- ym-km-h-Imi \nbaw {]m_-ey-Øn¬ h∂v 1 h¿jw ]n∂n-s -¶nepw ka-b-_-‘n-X-ambn \nbaw \S-∏n-em-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬ th≠{X {i≤ tI{μ-kw-ÿm\ Kh¿sa-≠p-I-fn¬ \n∂p-≠m-bn- n-√. tbmPn® P\-Iob apt∂‰w hf¿∂p-h-∂n√ F¶n¬ hnZym- ymk \nb-a-Øn-ep≈ ]cn-an-X-amb Ah-Im-i-߃ t]mepwka-b-_-‘n-X-ambn \S-∏n-em-hp-sa∂v tXm∂p-∂n-√.

hnZym- ymkmh-Imi \nb-a-hpw

{KmaoW `mcX-Ønse

hnZym-`ym-k-ÿn-Xn-bpw

hnZym- ymkmh-Imi \nb-a-hpw

52 Pq¨ 201152

bsØ XpS¿∂v Fd-Wm-Ipfw tamU¬km£-c-Xm-{]-h¿Ø\w cmPyØv NnePn√-I-fn¬ Bcw- n-®n-cp-∂-t√m. tIc-f-Øns‚ kmaq-ly-cm-jv{Sob Np‰p-]m-S-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ DØ-tc-¥y≥ kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ k¿°m-cns\ kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw km£-c-Xm-{]-h¿Ø\w _men-tI-dm-aebmbn-cp-∂p. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn-emWv km£-c-Xsb tZiob AP-≠-bm-°pI F∂ Dt±-iy-tØmsS AJn-te¥y P\-Iob imkv{X {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ C¥ym Kh¿sa-≠ns‚ IqSn klm-b-tØmsS `mcXv⁄m\ hn⁄m\ kanXn 1989¬ cq]o-Ir-X-am-b-Xv. F∂m¬ km£-c-X-bpsSktμ-i-hp-ambn _n.Pn.hn.Fkv {]h¿-Ø-I¿ DØ-tc-¥y≥ {Kma-ß-fnte°vIS-∂p-sN-∂-t∏m-gmWv tImSn-°-W-°n\vIp´n-Iƒ C\nbpw kvIqfn-se-Øm-\p-s≠∂pw km£-c-X-tbm-sSm∏wXs∂ss{]adn hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\pw ap≥K-W\ \¬tI-≠-Xp-s≠∂pw Xncn-®-dn-™-Xv. (B-tcm-Kyw, P‚¿, hnI-k-\w,imkv{X {]kn-≤o-I-cWw XpS-ßnbtaJ-e-I-fn-te°pw ]n∂oSv _n Pn hnFkv {]h¿Ø\w hym]n-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn) Aßn-s\-bmWv 1994¬ tPmbvHm^v te¿Wnßv (Joy of Learning){]h¿Ø-\-߃ Bcw-`n -°p-∂-Xv.]n∂oSv ]mh-s∏´ Ip´n-Isf hnZym- ym-k-cw-K-tØ°v sIm≠p-h-cm≥ "Poh¬-ime' {]h¿Ø-\-߃ \S-Øn. ]n∂oSv\nc-h[n kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ ⁄m\hn⁄m\ hnZym-e-b-߃ Bcw- n-®p.hnZym- ym-km-h-Im-i-\n-baw Ip‰-a-‰-Xm-°p-∂-Xn\p th≠n XpS°w apX¬{]h¿Øn-®p. \nbaw {]m_-ey-Øn¬h∂-tXmsS AXv A£-cm¿Y-Øn¬P\-ß-fn-se-Øn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bp≈ \nc-h[n {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw _n Pn hnFkv G¿s∏- p-h-cp-∂p. DØ-tc-¥y≥kwÿm-\-߃, F¥n\v tIc-f-sam-gn-sI-bp≈ ]e Z£n-tW-¥y≥ kwÿm-\-ß-fpw hnZym- ym-k-cw-KØv Ct∏mgpw Gsd]n∂n-em-Wv. B\v{[m-{]-tZ-ins‚ ImcywXs∂ t\m°q. ]pXnb P\-kwJy IW-°p-Iƒ {]Imcw ]pcpj km£-cX 75.56iX-am-\-am-sW-¶n¬ kv{Xo km£-cX59.74 iX-am\w am{X-am-Wv. \nc-£-cX{]mY-anI hnZym- ym-ksØ _m[n-°p-sa-∂-Xn¬ X¿°-an-√-s√m.

cmPyØv hnZym-`ym -km-h-Imi\nbaw {]m_-ey-Øn¬ h∂-Xns‚ 6˛mwZnhkw B{‘m-{]-tZ-inse s\√q¿Pn√-bn¬ GXm\pw {Kma-߃ kμ¿in-°m-\-h-kcw e`n-®p. Nmcm-b-hn-cp≤{]t£m-`w-sIm≠v tZio-b-{i-≤-bm-I¿jn-®n-cp∂ Pn√-bm-Ws√m s\√q¿.H∂c ]Xn-‰m≠v apºm-bn-cp∂p AXv.km£-c-Xm-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ \n∂v

In´nb Bth-i-Øn¬ \n∂v kv{XoIƒXpS-ßn-sh® ka-c-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. Hcp{Kma-Øn¬ \n∂v XpSßn s\√q¿tI{μo-I-cn®v kwÿm-\-ØmsI AXvBfn-]-S¿∂p. Ah-km\w Kh¿sa‚ vNmcmbw \ntcm-[n-°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-bn. F∂m¬ ]n∂oSv C¥y≥ \n¿anXhntZ-i-aZyw tIc-f-sØ-t]mse B{‘-bnepw hym]-I-ambn F∂Xv bmYm-¿Yyw.

s\√q-cnse I√ym-W-]pcw afi-ense ss{]a-dn-kvIqfns‚ Ah-ÿ-sbm∂p t\m°mw. 1965¬ ÿm]n-X-ambhnZym-e-b-am-Wv. I√ym-W-]pcw afi¬ss{]adn kvIqƒ F∂p-X-s∂-bmWvt]cv. 1 sXm v 5 hsc-bp≈ ¢mkp-I-fn-embn 30 Ip´n-Iƒ Cu hnZym-e-b-Øn¬]Tn -°p -∂p -≠v. AXn¬ 15 t]¿s]¨Ip-´n-I-fmWv. cmaø (sl-Uvam-ÿ), cmL-th-{μ-dmhp F∂o c≠vA[ym-]-I-cp-≠v. H∂mw ¢mkn¬ 4 Ip´n-Iƒ am{X-ta-bp-≈q. D®- -£Ww D≠v.

"Ip´n-I-sf-¥p-sIm-≠mWv Ipd-™p-h-cp-∂Xv?''˛ Rm\-[ym-]-I-tcmSv tNmZn-®p. "Cw•o-jvao-Unbw kvIqƒ hym]n-®p,]ns∂ IpSpw-_m-kq-{XWw aqews]mXpsh Ip´n-Iƒ Ipd-™-Xpw.''˛A[ym-]-I¿ ]d-™p. Ahn-sS-\n∂vbm{X ]d-™n-dßn Ipd®p Zqsc-bp≈_n¿Z-hmep ss{]adn kvIqfn-se-Øn.A∏¿ ss{]adn kvIqfm -Wv . 40s]¨Ip- n-I-f-S°w 110 hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ]Tn-°p∂ kvIqfm-Wv. 6 A[ym-]-I-cp-≠v. AXn-sem-cmƒ h\n-X-bm-Wv. sXm -Sp-sØm∂pw sslkvIqƒ C√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ 7˛mw ¢mkn\v tijw s]¨Ip- n-Iƒ ]T\w \n¿Øm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-hp-∂p. P\-hn-⁄m\ thZn-IbpsS

{]mtZ-inI {]h¿Ø-I¿ kvIqfnseGXm\pw ]q¿h-hn-Zym¿Yn-I-fp-ambnkwkm-cn-°m-\-h-k-c-sam-cp-°n. R߃ASp-Øp-s≈mcp AwK-\-hm-Sn-bn-sem-Øp-Iq-Sn. tImtf-Pn¬ t]mbn ]Tn-t°≠ {]mb-°m-cn -I -fm -bn -cp∂pAhnsS IqSn-bn-cp-∂-h-cn-e-[n-I-hpw. 7˛mw¢m n\v tijw ]T\w \n¿tØ-≠n-h∂ kpKp-W-°n-t∏mƒ 20 hbkmbn.Ah-fpsS ktlm-Z-c≥ atljv Fw knFbv°v ]Tn-°p-∂p-≠v. tcWp-I, ]h-\, im¥ F∂n-ßs\ AhnsS IqSn-bn-cp∂ s]¨Ip-´n -I -sfms° 7˛mw¢mkn\v tijw ]T\w \n¿tØ-≠n-h-∂-h-cm-Wv. bap\ F∂v t]cp≈ Hcps]¨Ip´n ]d-™p˛ ""Rm≥ 9˛mw ¢mkvhsc ]Tn-®n- p-≠v.''

""F¥p-sIm-≠mWv XpS¿∂v ]Tn-°m-ØXv?''˛ Rm\-h-tcmSv tNmZn-®p.

""B{K -l -a n -√m -™n -´mtWm?sslkv°qƒ 6 Intem-ao-‰¿ Zqsc-bm-Wv.AhnsS FØpI Ffp-∏-a-√. hml-\-ku-I-cy-hp-an-√. ]ns∂ ho´n-se...''bap\ hm°p -Iƒ CSbv°v h®v\n¿Øn.

""\nß-fpsS ASn-b-¥nc Bh-iy-sa-¥mWv? Rm\-h-tcmSv tNmZn-®p.

""IpSn-sh-≈hpw Bip-]-{Xnbpw''-DØcw GI-kz-c-Øn¬ e`n-®p.

F¥n-\m-Wm-ip-]-{Xn. tcmKw-h-cmØkml-N-cy-at√ th≠-Xv. \√ `£-W-hpw, hnZym-`ym-khpw e`n-°m-\p≈Ahÿ Ch¿°p-≠m-IWw Fs∂m-s° \ap-°m-{K-ln-°mw. F∂m¬ bmYm-¿Yy-a-Xn-\-∏p-d-Øm-W-s√m. cn-°p-∂-h-sc, Dd°w \Sn-°p-∂-hsc DW¿Øm≥P\-߃s°-∂m-Wv Ign-bpI?

imkv{X-KXn 53imkv{X-KXn 53

XpS-ßnbh ]Tn-∏n-°m≥ ]d-™-b-bv°pw.''- Ah¿ ]d-™p. AXn-\-∏p-d-tØ°v Nn¥n-°m-\p≈ kml-NcywAh¿°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.

""Fs¥ms° Ifn-I-fm-WnjvSw?''-Ip´n-I-tfmSv tNmZn-®p.

""I_-Un, IpSp-Ip-Sp, ^pSvt_mƒ.''-˛ Ip´n-I-fpsS DØcw Fs∂ AZv p-X-s∏-Sp-Øn. F¥p-sIm-≠mWv {In°-‰ns‚ t]cv Bcpw ]d-bm-Xn-cp-∂-Xv. Hcp-]s£ sSen-hn-j≥ Ch-cpsS hoSp-I-fnte-s°-Øn-°m-Wn-√m-bn-cn-°mw. AX-s√-¶n¬ {In°-‰n-t\-°m-ƒ \√Xv \mS≥Ifn-I-fm-sW∂v t_m[y-s∏- -Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°mw.

""AΩ-bv°-kpJw h∂m-se-¥mWvsNøpI?'' F∂v tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ HcpIp´n Fgp-t∂‰v \n∂p.

""ssk°n-fn¬ t]mbn acp∂vsIm≠p-h-cpw. F∂n´pw amdp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ A—≥ h∂m-ep-Ss\ Bip-]-{Xn-bn¬ sIm≠p-t]m-Ipw.''

CXn-t\-°mƒ cq£-amWv DØ-tc-¥y≥ kwÿm-\-ß-fnse ÿnXn. _nPn hn Fkv kwL-Sn-∏n® hnZym- ym-km-h-Imi Imem-PmY {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏ v cmP-ÿm≥, a[y-{]-tZ-iv, Pm¿J-≠v, _nlm¿ XpSßn ]eDØ-tc -¥y≥ kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬Ign™ GXm\pw amk-ß-fn¬ t]mbn-cp-∂p. cmP-ÿm-\nse Iem-PmY _mc,_qμn, t[m¬]q¿ Pn√-I-fn¬ Ign™\hw-_¿ 21\v XpSßn a\p-jym-h-ImiZn\-amb Unkw-_¿ 10\mWv kam-]n-®-Xv. \hw-_¿ 21,22 Xnø-Xn-I-fn¬t[m¬]q¿ Pn√-bn¬ PmY-tbm-sSm∏wk©-cn®v {Kma-ß-fnse hnZym-`ymkÿnXn a\- n-em-°m≥ {ian-®p. Nº¬

\Zn-Xo-c-Øp≈ Hcp {Kma-Øn-se-Ønbt∏mgmWv icn°pw sR´n-b-Xv.kvIqƒ ap‰-ØmWv lm‚ v]-ºv. Fcp-asb Ipfn-∏n-°-epw, XpWn-b-e-°epw,sh≈w ]nSn-°epw BsI _l-f-a-bw.Nfnbpw NmW-I-hpw, sh≈hpw tN¿∂an{inXw Ahn-sS-bmsI ]c-∂n-cp-∂p.140 \SpØv Ip´n-Iƒ ]Tn-°p-∂p≠vF∂mWv slUvam-kv‰¿ ]d-™-Xv.A∂sØ lmP¿\ne "39' BWv. ¢mkvapdn-Iƒ iq\yw. s]m´n-s∏m-fn™v aeo-a-k-amb I°q-kv. c≠v kv{XoIƒ D®--£Ww Xøm-dm-°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. 15

AwK kvIqƒ amt\-Pvsa‚ v IΩn‰ncq]o-I-cn-°-W-sa∂ k¿°m¿ \n¿tZiw]men-°m-\mbn IS-em-kn¬ cq]o-I-cn-®n-´p-s≠-¶nepw IΩn-‰n-bw-K-߃°X-dn-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. {Kmao-W-sc√mw HØp-Iq-Sn. Ah¿°v apºn¬ Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-IƒAh-X-cn-∏n® tijw kvIqƒ amt\-Pvsa‚ v IΩn-‰n-bw-K-ß-fpsS t]cv ]d-bm≥ slUvam-Ã-tdm-Sm-h-iy-s∏-´p.At∏m-gmWv Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw X߃AwK-ß-fm-sW-∂-dn-bp-∂Xv Xs∂.]©m-bØv {]kn-U≠v Hcp h\n-X-bm-Wv. Ah¿°v ho´n¬ hncp-∂p-Im-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ aI-\mWv tbmKw \nb-{¥n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. DØ-tc-¥ybn-ent∏mgpw]e-bn-SØpw Aß-s\-bm-Wv. {][m≥-]Xn (h-\n-Xm-{]-kn-U-≠ns‚ ¿Ømhv){][m≥ ]p{Xv (h-\n-X {]kn-U-≠ns‚aI≥) Ct∏mgpw i‡-cm-Wv. yqU¬P∑n ta[m-hn-Xz-Øn-t‚bpw PmXnh¿Ko-b-X-bp-sSbpw kzm[o\w temI-saßpap≈ Sqdn-Ãp-Isf BI¿jn-°p∂ Cu at\m -l-c -`q -an -bpsSIdpØhi-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠pIqSn-bmWv kzmX{¥yw e`n®v 64 h¿j-am-bn´pw cmP-ÿm-\nse kv{Xo km£-cX

AhnsS IqSnb s]¨Ip- n-Iƒ Zn\-]{Xw hmbn-°p-∂-h-c-√. 2 t]cpsS hoSp-I-fnte I°q-kp-≈q. s]mS-e-°q¿,sN√ø ]mfbw XpS-ßnb afi¬]©m-b-Øp-I-fn¬ t]mb-t∏mgpwÿnXn-bn¬ Imcy-amb hyXymkw I≠n-√. s]¨Ip-´n-I-fpsS hnZym-`ymk]nt∂m-°m-hÿ Fhn-tSbpw {]I-S-am-bn-cp-∂p.

c≠v amk-߃°v tijw Pq¨ 12\vho≠pw s\√q-cn-se-Øn-b-t∏mƒ P\-hn-⁄m-\-th-Zn-I-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬{ianIv \K-dn¬ \S-Øp∂ hnZym-ebwImWm-\-h-kcw e`n-®p. 80 s]¨Ip- n-I-f-S°w 126 Ip- n-Iƒ Cu kvIqfn¬]Tn-°p-∂p. AXn¬ 65 t]¿ ]´n-I-PmXnhn`m-K-Øn¬s∏Sp-∂-h-cm-Wv. Ip´n-I-fpsS c£n-Xm-°-f-[n-Ihpw ho´p-thesNbvXv IpSpw_w t]m‰p-∂-h-cm-Wv.Rm≥ sN∂ Znh-k-Øn¬ kvIqfnselmP¿\ne C{]-Im-c-am-Wv.

¢mkv B¨ s]¨ BsI

Ip- n-Iƒ Ip- n-Iƒ

1˛mw Xcw 14 16 30

2˛ mw Xcw 10 10 20

3˛mw Xcw 11 12 23

4˛mw Xcw 12 15 27

5˛mw Xcw 5 14 1352 67 113

4 A[ym-]-I-cp-≠v. k¿Δ-in-£m-A-`n-bms‚ klm-b-tØmsS ]mT-]p-kvX-I-߃ e`n-°p-∂p-≠v. Ip´n-Iƒ°v D®-`-£Ww \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. amXr-k-an-XntbmKw \S-°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.AXnepw Ipd®pt\cw ]s¶-Sp-Øp.kvIqfns‚ ÿnXn sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm≥{]mtZ-inI kl-I-cWw h¿[n-∏n-t°-≠-Xp-s≠∂v AΩ-am¿ ]d-™p. Ip´n-Isf {]th-in-∏n-°m≥ c£n-Xm-°fpsSkΩ-X-]{Xw aXn. GsX-¶nepw Ip´nkvIqfn¬ h∂n-s√-¶n¬ sXm -SpØp≈apXn¿∂ Ip´nsb Iq´n A[ym-]-I≥hcmØ Ip´n-bpsS ho´n-se-Øpw. P\-hn-⁄m-\-th-Zn-I-bmWv ss{]a¿ Xbm-dm-°p-∂-Xv. A[ym-]-I¿°v h¿j-Øn¬4 XhW ]cn-io-e\w \¬Ip-∂p-≠v.

""Cu kvIqfn¬ ]Tn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠va°ƒ°v F¥v am‰-amWv D≠m-bn- p-≈Xv?''˛AΩ-am-tcmSv tNmZn-®p.

""\∂mbn hmbn-°p-∂p-≠v. kz¥whkv{Xw Ae-°pI XpS-ßnb AXym-hiyw tPmen-Iƒ ]d-bm-sX-Xs∂sNøp-∂p-≠v.''

""10˛mw ¢m v Ign-™m¬ Cu Ip´n-Isf F¥n-\mWv ]d-™-b-°pI?''

""ss{Uhn-ßv, Xp∂¬, πw_n-ßv,Ce-Iv{Sn-°¬ h¿°v, Fwt{_m-bvU-dn...

54 Pq¨ 201154 Pq¨ 2011

52.66 iX-am\w am{X-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv.

"_namcp' F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ DØ-tc-¥y≥ kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬as‰mcp kwÿm-\-amWv a[y-{]-tZ-iv.C¥y≥ P\-kw-Jy-bn¬ Bdm-aXpwhnkvXo¿W-Øn¬ cmP-ÿm≥ Ign™vc≠m-aXpw hcp∂ a[y-{]-tZ-insekv{Xo km£-cX 60.02 iX-am\w am{X-am-Wv. \nc-£-cX IqSp-X-ep≈ Aen-cm-Pv]q¿, afiv-e, UnwtUm-cn, _mem-Lm v XpS-ßnb ]´n-I-h¿K hn`m-K-߃Xnßn-Xm-a-kn-°p∂ Pn√-I-fn¬ P\-kw-Jy-bn¬ kv{XoIƒ IqSp-X-ep-s≠-∂p-≈Xv (_m-em-Lm-´n¬ 1000 ]pcp-j-∑m¿°v 1012 kv{XoI-fm-Wp-≈-Xv)FØcw hnZym- ym-k-amWv \¬tI-≠-XvF∂-Xns‚ kqN-\-Iƒ \¬Ip-∂p.hnZym- ym-khpw kºØpw IqSp-X-ep≈\Kc {]tZ-i-ß-fn-em-Ws√m {`qW-lXy IqSp-X¬ \S-°p-∂-Xv.

hnZym- ym-km-h-Imi Iem-Pm-Y-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´p Xs∂-bmWv Ign™Unkw-_¿ 14\v a[y- {]-tZ -inse"kntlmdn'seØn-b-Xv. R߃ sN∂-t∏mƒ kntlm-dnse JPpcnb-Ie {Kma-Øn¬ Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 400 \SpØvIp´n-Ifpw Ipd®v apXn¿∂-hcpw ]cn-]mSn Bkz-Zn-°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Iem-]-cn-]mSn Ign™v PmYm-Aw-K-ß-fp-ambn AXp-hsc t]mb {Kma-ß-fnsehnZym-`ym-k-ÿn-Xn-sb-∏‰n tNmZn-®p.\nc-h[n tªm°p-I-fn¬ hnZym- ym-km-h-Imi \nb-asØ°pdn-®p≈ Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-f-h-X-cn-∏n-®-Xn\v tij-am-W-h¿JPq-cnbIe-bnseØnbn-cp-∂-Xv. hnZym-`ymk cwKsØ Ahÿ s]mXpsh

]cn-Xm-]-I-c-am-sW-∂-h¿ ]d-™p.c£m-I¿Xr-k-an-Xn-Iƒ \njv{In-b-am-Wv.10 AwK-k-an-Xn-bn¬ 5 h\n-X-IƒthWw. F∂m¬ qcn- mKw ÿeØpwAXv IS-em-kn¬ am{Xw. X߃t]mbHcp {Kma-Ønse Hcp kvIqƒ BKkvXv15\v tijw th≠-t]mse {]h¿Øn-®n-t´-bn-s√∂v Hcmƒ ]d-™p. Ahn-SpsØ 3 A[ym-]-Icpw aZy]m-\n-I-fm-sW∂v {Kma-hm-kn-Iƒ ]d-™-XmbnHcp PmYmwKw ]d-™p. 160 Ip´n-Iƒ]Tn-°p∂ kvIqfm-Ws{X AXv. hnZym-

`ym-km-h-Imi \nb-a-Øns‚ KpW-߃F{Xbpw thKw {Kma-X-e-ß-fn-te-s°-Øn-t°-≠-Xp-s≠∂v Ah¿ ]d-™p.

Fkv Fw kn D≠m-°p∂ kvIqƒ Uh-e-∏vsa‚ v πm≥ {Kma-k-`-bn¬ N¿®sNbvXv AwKo-I-cn-°-Ww. AhnsS Hcp

cPn-Ãsd ]mSp-≈q. FSp-°p∂ Xocp-am\w A[y-£-t‚bpw sk{I-´-dn-bp-tSbpw am{X-a√ F√m AwK-ß-fp-tSbpw

Ht∏msS Bbn-cn-°-Ww. kvIqƒ amt\-Pvsa‚ v IΩn‰n AwK-ßsf sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂Xv P\m-[n-]-Xy-co-Xn-bn-em-hWw.

Ah¿°v XpS-°-Ønse ]cn-io-e\w\¬I-Ww. {]h¿Øn-°mØ AwK-߃kzm`m-hn-I-ambn ]pd-Øp-t]m-Ip∂ hn[-

Øn-em-bn-cn-°Ww \nb-a-\n¿am-Ww.

{]h¿Ø-I-cp-ambn kwkm-cn-®-tijw JPq-cnb Ie-bnse kvIqfn-se-Øn. H∂p-sXm v 10 hsc-bp≈ hnZym-e-b-am-Wv. 318 s]¨Ip-´n -Ifpw 241B¨Ip- n-I-fp-a-S°w 559 t]¿ ]Tn-°p-∂p-≠v. 1931¬ ss{]adn kvIqfmbnXpSßn 1969¬ Pq\n-bdpw 2006¬sslkvIq-fp-ambn. 5 ¢mkv apdn-I-sf-bp-≈q. ¢mkvapdn-I-fpsS Ipd-hp-≠v.s]¨Ip- n-Iƒ°mbn {]tXyI I°q-kn-√. H∂mw-¢m-kn¬ 11 s]¨Ip- n-I-f-S°w 29t]¿ ]Tn-°p-∂p-≠v. 9˛mw¢mkn¬ 42 s]¨Ip-´n-I-f-S°w 86t]cpw ]Tn-°p-∂p. 10˛mw ¢mkn¬ 33s]¨Ip-´n-I-f-S°w 67 t]cpw. 6¬\n∂pw 9¬ \n∂pw ]mkm-Ip∂s]¨Ip- n-Iƒ°v k¿°m¿ ssk°nƒ\¬Ip-∂Xv Ah-cpsS Bfl-hn-izmkwh¿[n-∏n-®n- p-s≠∂v A[ym-]-I¿ ]d-™p. 10 A[ym-]-I-cn¬ 4 t]sc ÿnc-am-bp-≈q. ""kvs{SßvXv IqSn, KpW-ta∑Ipd-™p, hn`-h-ß-fpsS Ipd-hp-≠v.Bhiy-Øn\v ^¿Wo-®-dn-√. FgpØv]Wn°v Xs∂ 2 A[ym-]-I¿ thWw''-˛ slUv amÿ {io \tc-{μ-]m-en-hmƒ]d-™p.

hnZym-`ym-km-h-Imi Iem-PmYm{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´pXs∂bmWv `mc-X-Øns‚ 28˛m-asØkwÿm-\-ambn 2000 \hw-_¿ 15\vcq]w-sIm≠ Pm¿J-≠n-se-Øn-b-Xv.

\hw-_¿ 21,22 Xnø-Xn-I-fn¬ t[m¬]q¿ Pn√-bn¬PmY-tbm-sSm∏w k©-cn®v {Kma-ß-fnse hnZym-`ymk ÿnXn a\- n-em-°m≥ {ian-®p. Nº¬\Zn-Xo-c-Øp≈ Hcp {Kma-Øn-se-Ønbt∏mgmWvicn°pw sR´n-b-Xv.kvIqƒ ap‰-ØmWvlm‚ v]-ºv. Fcp-asbIpfn-∏n-°-epw, XpWn-b-e-°epw, sh≈w ]nSn-°epw BsI _l-f-a-bw. Nfnbpw NmW-I-hpw,sh≈hpw tN¿∂an{inXw Ahn-sS-bmsI]c-∂n-cp-∂p. 140 \SpØvIp´n-Iƒ ]Tn-°p-∂p≠vF∂mWv slUvam-kv‰¿]d-™-Xv. A∂sØlmP¿\ne "39' BWv.¢mkv apdn-Iƒ iq\yw.

imkv{X-KXn 55imkv{X-KXn 55

]nt∂m-°-Pn-√-I-fm-b, ]´n-I-h¿K P\-hn- m-K-߃ IqSp-X-ep≈ ZpwI, ]mIq¿,kmtl-_vK©v Pn√-I-fn-emWv {][m-\-ambpw hnZym- ym-km-h-Imi \nb-a-t_m-[-h¬°-cW {]h¿Ø-\-߃ _nPnhn Fkv \S-Øp-∂-Xv. 2010 k]vXw-_¿29\pw HIvtSm-_¿ 5\pw CS-bn-ep≈ Znh-k-ß-fn¬ Cu 3 Pn√-I-fn-ep-ambn \nc-h[n {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]¶p-sIm-≈m-\-h-kcw e`n -®n -cp -∂p. 2001 sesk≥kkv IW-°p-Iƒ {]Imcw ZpwI-bnse km£-cX 47.9 iX-am\hpwkv{Xokm-£-cX 32.3 iX-am-\-hp-am-Wv.kmtl-_vK-©n-t‚Xv bYm-{Iaw 37.6Dw26.6Dw am{X-am-Wv. ]mIq¿ Pn√-bpsSkm£-cX 30.6 iX-am-\hpw kv{Xokm£-cX 20.6 iX-am-\-hp-am-Wv. (C-sX-gp-Xp-tºmƒ 2011se sk≥k-kns‚Pn√m-Xe hnh-c-߃ e`y-am-bn- n-√.)

31 h¿j-Øn\v tijw \S∂ ]©m-bØv sXc-s™-Sp-∏n\v tijw Pm¿J-≠n¬ ho≠pw FØm≥ Ign-™Xv 2011am¿®v 11\mWv. am¿®v 12\v hnZym- ym-km-h-Imi Iem-Pm-Y-tbm-sSm∏w ZpwI Pn√-bnse cmwKVv tªm°nse"emØvh¿_', "kpkv\nb' XpS-ßnb{Kma-ß-fn¬ k©-cn-®p. emØv h¿_-bn¬ Iem-]-cn-]mSn Ign™v {Kmao-W-cp-ambn kwkm-cn-®p. "Ip´n-Isf kvIqfn-e-bbv-°m-Ø-sX-¥psIm-≠m-sW∂vtNmZn-®-t∏mƒ "ZmcnZy'amWv Imc-W-sa∂v Hcp kv{Xo DØ-chpw ]d-™p.\nb-a-Øn¬ 6 apX¬ 14 hb-kp-hsc{]mb-°m¿°v `£-Ww, hkv{Xw,]pkvX-Iw... F√mw k¿°m¿ Dd-∏p-\¬Ip-∂p-s≠-∂-h-tcmSv ]d-™-t∏mƒ{]Xn-I-cWw Cß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p.""R߃s°m∂pw Adn-bn-√, A\p- -h-Øn-en-√.'' ImWn-I-fpsS Iq´-Øn¬lnμn, _¶m-fn, k¥men `mj-Iƒ

kwkm-cn-°p-∂-hcp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. 13\vZpwI-bnse _nZp-Im-\p-k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-bnse sshkvNm≥k-e-dmb t]m≠n-t®cn \nhmkn tUm. _jo¿ Al-ΩZvJmt\-bpw, a‰v hnZym- ymk {]ap-J-tcbpw I≠v hnZym- ym-km-h-Imi Iem-Pm-Y-bpsS kam-]-\-]-cn-]m-Sn°v £Wn-®-Xn\v tijw ASpØ Znhkw ZpwI-bnse Xs∂ as‰mcp tªm°mb in°m-cn-∏m-d-bn-se-Øn. "Vm°' F∂p-t]-cp≈ {Kma-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-f-h-X-cn-∏n®v sIm≠n-cp-∂-Xv. ]cn-]mSn Ign™v Vm° Pq\n-b¿ kvIqƒkμ¿in®v Ahn-SpsØ A[ym-]-I-cp-ambn kwkm-cn-®p. 433 hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ(232 s]¨Ip- n-Iƒ 201 B¨Ip- n-Iƒ)Cu hnZym-e-b-Øn¬ ]Tn-°p-∂p-≠v.

Hmtcm ¢mkn-t‚bpw hni-Zmw-i-߃

1˛mw ¢mkv ˛ 55

2˛mw ¢mkv ˛ 33

3˛mw ¢mkv ˛ 45

4˛mw ¢mkv ˛ 47

5˛mw ¢mkv ˛ 56

6˛mw ¢mkv ˛ 67

7˛mw ¢mkv ˛ 77

8˛mw ¢mkv ˛ 53

433

2 h\n-X-I-f-S°w 6 A[ym-]-I-cp-≠v.AXn-sem-cmƒ tIm¨SmIv‰v So®-dm-Wv.Acn-e- n-°m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ Ip´n-Iƒ°v D®--£Ww \¬Ip-∂Xv \n¿Ønsht°-

≠n-h-∂-Xmbn slUvam-ÿ ]d-™p.kvIqƒ tImºu-≠n\v Np‰p-a-Xn¬\n¿an-°p-I, sslkvIq-fm°n Db¿-ØpI AXym-hiy Imcy-ß-fm-sW∂pwslUvam-ÿ ]d-™p.

{]Ir-Xn-hn- -h-߃sIm≠v kº-∂-amb Pm¿J≠v kmaq-ly˛ kmwkvIm-cnI taJ-e-bn¬ hfsc ]n∂n-em-Wv.

2011se sk≥kkv IW-°p -Iƒ

{]Imcw Pm¿J-≠nse km£-cX 67.63

iX-am-\-am-Wv. ]pcp-j-km-£-cX 78.45

iX-am-\hpw kv{Xo km£-cX 56.21

iX-am-\-hpw.

hnZym- ym-km-h-Imi \nbaw {]m_-

ey-Øn¬ h∂v 1 h¿jw ]n∂n-s -¶nepw

ka-b-_-‘n-X-ambn \nbaw \S-∏n-em-

°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬ th≠{X {i≤

tI{μ-kw-ÿm\ Kh¿sa-≠p-I-fn¬

\n∂p-≠m-bn-´n-√. tbmPn® P\-Iob

apt∂‰w hf¿∂p-h-∂n√ F¶n¬hnZym- ymk \nb-a-Øn-ep≈ ]cn-an-X-amb Ah-Im-i-߃ t]mepw ka-b-_-‘n-X-ambn \S-∏n-em-hp-sa∂v tXm∂p-∂n-√.

31 h¿j-Øn\v tijw\S∂ ]©m-bØv sXc-s™-Sp-∏n\v tijw ˛Pm¿J-≠n¬ ho≠pwFØm≥ Ign-™Xv 2011am¿®v 11\mWv. am¿®v 12\vhnZym-`ym-km-h-Imi Iem-Pm-Y-tbm-sSm∏w ZpwIPn√-bnse cmwKVvtªm°nse"emØvh¿_',"kpkv\nb' XpS-ßnb{Kma-ß-fn¬ k©-cn-®p.emØv h¿_-bn¬ Iem-]-cn-]mSn Ign™v {Kmao-W-cp-ambn kwkm-cn-®p."Ip´n-Isf kvIqfn-e-bbv-°m-Ø-sX-¥psIm-≠m-sW∂v tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ"ZmcnZy'amWv Imc-W-sa∂v Hcp kv{Xo DØ-chpw ]d-™p. \nb-a-Øn¬ 6 apX¬ 14 hb-kp-hsc {]mb-°m¿°v`£-Ww, hkv{Xw,]pkvX-Iw... F√mwk¿°m¿ Dd-∏p-\¬Ip-∂p-s≠-∂-h-tcmSv ]d-™-t∏mƒ {]Xn-I-cWw Cß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p.""R߃s°m∂pw Adn-bn-√, A\p-`-h-Øn-en-√.''

56 Pq¨ 2011

sNøm≥ Hm¿U-dp-Iƒ a‰p cmPy-ß-fnse ^mIvS-dn-I-fn-te°v Xncn-®p-hn vXßsf hnj-a-hr-Ø-Øn-em-°m-\p≈BtKm-f-aq-e-[-\-Øns‚ Ignhv A\p-`hw sIm≠v Xncn-®-dn™ sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ kzta-[bm km{am-PyXz BtKm-fh-XvIc-W-Øn-s\-Xnsc BtKmf (A-Xm-bXv km¿h-tZ-io-b) sFIy-Øn\vap≥ssI-sb-Sp -°p -I -bm -bn -cp -∂p.CXns‚ G‰hpw ]pXnb DZm-l-c-W-amWv A¥m-cmjv{S Im¿ oa-\mb P\-d¬ tamt´m-gvkns‚ KpP-dmØv mIvS-dn-bn¬ \S∂ ka-c-Øn\v km¿h-tZ-iob teml-sXm-gn-emfn s^U-td-j≥\¬Inb ]n¥p-W. C°m-cy-Øn¬ap≥ssI-sb-Sp-ØXv KpP-dmØv mIvS-dn -bn -se ka-c -Øn\v t\XrXzwsImSpØ sF.-F≥.-Sn.-bp.-kn. bqWn-b-\m-sW-∂Xpw {it≤-b-am-Wv. sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ am{X-a√ hnZym¿∞n-I-fpw, bph-P-\-ßfpw I¿j-Icpw apX¬ kmaq-ly-ambn G‰hpw ]nt∂m°w \n¬°p∂BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ hsc Cu ka-c-Øns‚km¿h-tZ-iob kz`mhw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p-≠v. AXp-sIm-≠mWv BtKm-f-h-XvI-cW hncp-≤-t]m-cm- -ßsf hgn-sX-‰n®vhntZ-in-Iƒs°-Xn-cm-bp≈ A{I-a-ß-fm-bpw, h¿Ko-b, hwiob Iem-]-ß-fmbpwam‰m-\p≈ {ia-߃ hnP-bn-°msXt]mb-Xv. tIc-f-Øn-em-sW-¶n¬ Kƒ vcmPy-ß-fnepw a‰pw tPmen°v t]mIp-∂-h¿ BtKm-f-h-XvI-cW hncp-≤-t]m-cm-fn-I-fpsS i{Xp-ÿm-\-ØmWv F∂

Ip{]-N-cWw \S-∂n-cp-∂p. sF.-Sn, sF.-Sn. A\p-_-‘-ta-J-e-I-fn¬ tPmensNøp-∂-h¿s°-Xn-scbpw CØcwIp{]-N-c-W-߃ \S-∂n-cp-∂p. Sqdnkwhyh-km-bhpw hna¿i\ hnt[-b-am-bn.GXm-bm-epw, C∂v AsX√mw Ah-km-\n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. BtKm-f-h-XvI-c-W- hn-cp≤kacw F∂m¬ a‰p cmPy-ß-fnseP\-ßfpw \Ωfpw XΩn¬ h¿≤n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ _‘-߃s°-Xn-scbp≈ ka-c-a-√, adn®v C∂sØtemI-Øns\ ssI∏n-Sn-bn-em-°n-bn-cn-°p∂ BtKm-f-Ip-Ø-Iƒs°-Xn-sc-bp≈ ka-c-amWv F∂v P\-߃ Xncn-®-dn-™n-cn-°p-∂p.

\ap°v hnj-b-Øn-te°p IS-°mw._lp- q-cn-]£w P\-߃°pw BtKm-f-h-XvI-cWw C∂pw ISpØ a’-c-hpw, Iog-S-ßepw BbmWv A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv F∂Xv hy‡-am-Wv. Agn-a-Xnbpw I≈-∏-Whpw P\-Po-hnXw Zp -l-am -°n -bn -c n -°p -∂p. GXm\pwBbncw hcp∂ hy‡n -I -fmWvC∂sØ BtKm-f-h-XvIr-X-k-aq-l-Øn¬ tImSm-\p-tImSn P\-ß-fpsSPohn-XsØ _m[n-°p∂ Xocp-am-\-߃ GXm-s≠√mw FSp-°p-∂-Xv.temIw sh´n-∏n-Sn-°m≥ th≠n BtKm-f-Ip-Ø-I-Iƒ \S-Øp∂ ISpØ a’-c-ß-fp-sS-bpw, \nb-a-ew-L-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw, ]cn-ÿnXn \io-I-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw^e-ß-fmWv BtKm-f-Xm-]\w XpSßnC∂v a\p-jy-k-aqlw t\cn-Sp∂ GXm-s≠√m {][m\ {]Xn-k-‘n-I-fpw. C∂v

t]Pv 50˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿® \mw t\cn-Sp∂ Cu {]Xn-k-‘n-I-sf√mw Xs∂ ]c-kv]-c-k-l-I-c-W-Øn-\mbn a\p-jy-k-aq-lsØ \n¿_-‘n-°p-I-bm-Wv. A\p-\n-anjw A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-am-dn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ Cu km¿h-tZ-iob ]c-kv]-c -k-l-I-c-Whpwkm{am-PyXz t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ BtKm-f-h-XvI-c-Whpw H∂v Xs∂-sb∂v

hymJym-\n®v FXn¿°p∂ Acm-P-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ ^e-Øn¬ _Z-en-√m-hm-ZsØi‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-Wv, AXp-hgn P\-

ßsf \n -lm-b-cm-°p-I-bm-Wv.

apX-em-fnØhyh-ÿ-bn¬ a’cwaq¿On-°p-tºmƒ a’cw AXns‚sshcp-≤ym-fl-I-Zz-μ-amb kl-I-c-W-

Øn\v hgn-am-dm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-am-Ip∂{]{In-b-bpsS DZm-l-c-W-ambpw thW-sa-¶n¬ \ap°v km¿h-tZ-io-b-k-l-I-c-W-

Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb km¿h-tZ-io-b-hn-⁄m-\-k-aqlw F∂ k¶-ev]-Øns‚ Bhn¿`m-hsØ ]cn-K-Wn-°mw.

hn⁄m-\-k-aq-l-Øns‚ hym]\wXpS°w Ipdn-®n-t -bp-≈q. XpS-°-Øn¬Xs∂ C{X henb {]Xym-Lm-X-߃

krjvSn-°m≥ hn⁄m-\-k-aq-l-Øns‚hc-hn-\m-sb-¶n¬ ]Øp-h¿j-Øn-\p-tijw F¥m-bn -cn°pw AXns‚

{]`mhw F∂v Nn¥n-°m-hp-∂-tX-bp-≈q. hcm≥ t]mIp∂ Cu am‰-ßsfIÆp-Xp-d∂p ImWm-\p≈ _p≤n-bn-√kºq¿W hn⁄m-\-km-£-c-Xsb

FXn¿°p-∂-h¿°v F∂-XmWv hkvXp-X. Iºyq- ¿ hym]-I-am-bm¬ sXmgn-em-fn-h¿Kw Xs∂ C√m-Xm-Ipw. AtXmsS

kmaq-ly-am-‰-sØ-bpw, hnπ-h-sØbpwIpdn-®p≈ Iayq-WnÃv kz]v\-ßfpwI -∏p-d-Øp-I-bdpw F∂v hymtam-ln®v

Iºyq-´-dns\ kzmKXw sNbvX Iayq-WnÃv hncp-≤-tc-bpw, CtX ImcWwsIm≠v `b-N-In-X-cmbn Iºyq-´-dn-s\-

Xnsc k‘n-bn-√m-k-acw {]Jym-]n®Nne CS-Xp-]£ Dt´m-]y-∑m-scbpwHcp-t]mse Cfn-`y-cm-°p-I-bmWv Ncn-

{X-sa∂p ]d-tb≠n hcp-∂p.

Cu \n¿t±-i-ßfpw Bi-b-ßfpwIqSn hn⁄m-\-k-aq-lhpw tIc-f-hn-I-k-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´p \S-°p∂

Cu kwhm-Z-Øn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂ {]Xym-i-tbmsS Npcp-°p-∂p.Cu kwhm-Z-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Øp-sIm-

≠pw, Bi-b-߃ ]¶p-h-®p-sIm≠pwAgn -aXn XpS-®p -\o -°p-∂-Xn -\pw,hn⁄m-\-k-aq-l-ÿm-]-\-Øn-\pw, ae-

bm-f-`m-j-bpsS im‡o-I-c-W-Øn-\pw,AXp-hgn tIc-f-Øns‚ ka-{K-hn-I-k-\-Øn\pw {]Xn-⁄m-_-≤-amb i‡n-

I-fp-ambn Xm¶fpw AWn-tN-c-W-sa∂vA`y¿∞n-°p-∂p.

imkv{X-KXn 57

lc-W-^ew sI. kXojv

Printed & Published by V.Vinod on behalf of Kerala Sasthrasahithya Parishad & Printed at A-One Offset Printers, Ramanattukara, Calicut-1and published at Parishad Bhavan, Chalappuram, Calicut - 673 002. Editor-R.V.G. Menon. Approved by CSIR for financial support

Volume 46 No. 12, Sasthragathy 2011June, 60 Pages

imkv{Xhm¿Ø- Xøm-dm-°n-bXv : tUm. Fw. B¿. kpZ¿i\ Ipam¿

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw alm-flm-Km‘n tImtf-Pnse ck-X-{¥-hn-`mKw A≤ym-]-I-\mWv teJ-I≥

kq∏¿ qanbn¬ {ZmhIPew?‘Gliese 581d’ `qantb°mƒ 5.6 aSßv `mcap≈

{KlamWv. AXns‚ \£{X-Øn¬ \n∂pwhmktbmKyamhm≥ km[y-Xbp≈ ZqcØvÿnXnsNøp∂ Cu {KlØn¬ {ZmhIm-hÿ-bnep≈ Peap-≠m-Imsa∂v {^©v KthjIcpsSkwLw Imemhÿm knaptej≥ hniZambn

]Tn®v \nKa\ØnseØnt®¿∂p.

(www.sciencenews.org)

ssS‰\nse

{ZmhIPekap{Zwi\nbpsS N{μ\mbssS‰\nse ssl-t{Um Im¿_¨ Imb-epIfpw aossY-≥A¥co£hpw kp]-cnNnXamWv. ssS‰s‚lna]pd-t¥mSn-s‚-bSnbn¬ Pekap{Z-ap≠mImsa∂v Hcp]pXnb ]T\w \n¿tZ-in°p∂p. {_k¬-knse tdmb¬ H_v-k-¿th‰dn Hm v s_-¬-PnbØnse Kth-j-IcmWv Cu ]T\w\SØnbXv. ssS‰s‚{`aW]YsØbpwkhntijXIsfbpw ]‰n icnbmbn hniZo-Icn-°phm≥ Cu Pekap{Zaps≠¶nte km[n°p F∂mWv ‘Astronomy and Astrophys-ics’ F∂ tP¿Wen¬ {]kn-≤oIcn°m≥ t]mhp∂ ]T\Øn-ep≈Xv.

Xtam K¿Ø B‰ßƒalm hnkvt^mS\Øn¬ krjvSn°s∏´ Ip™≥ XtamK¿-Ø߃ kao] IWßsf hebnem°n ÿncXbp≈ {`aW]Yap≈ KpcpXzmI¿jW kam\amb IWßfm°pw. CuIW߃ {]]©Ønse Xtam {ZhyØn\v apJykw`mh\\¬Ipw. hebnem°s∏´ Cu Xtam{ZhyIW߃ Db¿∂Du¿P\nebn¬\n∂pw Xmgv∂ \nebnte°v ]Xn°ptºmƒ]pds∏Sphn°p∂ IncW߃ CØcw AhÿIsf Is≠Øm≥

klmbIcamIpsa∂vSandia National Laborato-ries se KthjI¿ sabvaq∂mw XnbXn xiv.org ¬dnt∏m¿´v sNbvX t]∏-dn¬ hniZoIcn°p∂p.Aßs\bp≈ Ahÿ-Iƒ \nehneps≠¶n¬Ah XtamK¿Ø _mjv-]o-IcWsØ Ipdn®pwIzm≠w KpcpXzmI¿-j-WsØ°pdn®pw Adnhp-\¬Ipsa∂v imkv{X-kwLw IcpXp∂p.

Atbm (IO) bpsS am‹kap{ZwhymgØns‚ N{μ\mb Atbmbn¬ am‹bpsSB¥cnI kap{Zaps≠∂v Hcp ]pXnb ]T\wshfns∏SpØn. 50 In.ao. Bgap≈XmWv kap{Z-sa∂pw KthjI¿ "kb≥kn'¬ sabv 12˛mw XnbXnHm¨sse\mbn dnt∏m¿´v sNbvXp. \mkbpsSKeoentbm _lncmImit]SIw tcJs∏SpØnbUm‰m ]p\xhniIe\w sNbvXv University of Cali-fornia and Los Angeles˛se Irj≥ Jpcm\bpwkwLhpamWv Cu \nKa\Øn-seØnt®¿∂Xv.