FIRST COURSE

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PRESENT

THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE-FORMAFFIRMATIVE

IN THE AFFIRMATIVE THE SIMPLE PRESENT HAS THE SAME FORM AS THE INFINITIVESUBJECT+ BARE INFINITIVE/( I, YOU, WE, YOU,

THEY)SUBJECT+BARE INFINITIVE+”S”( HE, SHE, IT)

SPELLING RULES.

a) VERBS ENDING IN “SS”,”SH”,”CH”,”X”,O” ADD “ES”, INSTEAD OF “S” ALONE, TO FORM THE THIRD PERSON SINGULAR I KISSHE KISSES I WASHSHE WASHES I WATCHSHE WATCHES I BOXSHE BOXES I DOHE DOES I GOHE GOES

SPELING RULES

b) WHEN “Y” FOLLOWS A CONSONANT WE CHANGE THE”Y” INTO “I” AND ADD “ES”

I CARRYSHE CARRIES I COPYHE COPIES I TRY HE TRIES

BUT VERBS ENDING IN”Y” FOLLOWING A VOWEL DO NOT CHANGE

SUBJECT+DO NOT/DON’T+BARE INFINITIVE (I, YOU, WE, THEY)

• SUBJECT+DOES NOT/DOESN’T+BARE INFINITIVE (HE, SHE, IT)• I DON’T STUDY• HE DOESN’T STUDY

SIMPLE PRESENT NEGATIVE FORM

DO YOU WATCH TV?DOES SHE WATCH TV?

DO+SUBJECT (I, YOU, WE, THEY)+BARE INFINITIVE+ ?DOES+SUBJECT (HE, SHE, IT+ BARE INFINITIVE+?

SIMPLE PRESENTINTERROGATIVE FORM

.

TIME GUIDESA TIME GUIDE IS A WORD WHICH HELP US TO

KNOW WHAT TIME WE ARE TALKING ABOUT (PAST, PRESENT OR FUTUR). THESE “TIME

GUIDES” TELL US HOW OFTEN WE DO THINGS.SEE FREQUENCY ADVERBS AND EXPRESSIONS.

SIMPLE PRESENT USES

THE MAIN USE OF THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE IS TO EXPRESS HABITUAL

ACTIONS(DAILY ROUTINES , ETC)

SIMPLE PRESENT USES

WE USE THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE FOR ACTIONS THAT ARE ALWAYS TRUEWATER FREEZES AT 0º DEGREESTHE SUN RISES IN THE EAST

WE USE THE SIMPLE PRESENT FOR DRAMATIC NARRATIVE.THIS IS PARTICULARLY USEFUL WHEN DESCRIBING THE ACTION OF A PLAY, OPERA,, ETC. AND IS OFTEN

USED BY COMMENTATORS AT SPORTS EVENTS, PUBLIC FUNCTIONS, ETC

WHEN THE CURTAIN RISES, JULIET IS WRITING AT HER DESK. SUDDENLYTHE WINDOW OPENS AND A MASKED MAN ENTERS.

WE USE THE PRESEN SIMPLE TO DESCRIBE PEOPLE OR THINGS.(JOB, NATIONALITY, ETC)

GREG LIVES IN BRISTOL

• IT CAN BE USED FOR A PLANNED FUTUREN ACTION OR SERIES OF ACTIONS, PARTICULARLY WHEN THEY REFER TO A JOURNEY, TIMETABLES, ETC.

• WE LEAVE LONDON AT 10.OO NEXT TUESDAY AND ARRIVE IN PARIS AT 13.00. WE SPEND TWO WEEKS IN PARIS AND THEN WE LEAVE AGAIN .

SIMPLE PRESENT USES

SIMPLE PRESENT USES

WHEN WE ARE TALKING ABOUT PAST ACTIONS THAT ARE IMPORTANT NOW.(QUOTATIONS HICTORIC FACTS)

SHAKESPEARE SAYS: “NEITHER A BORROWER NOR A LENDER BE” AMERICANS GO TO THE MOON IN 1969.