social networking and its fluency for librarians 조명대

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SOCIAL NETWORKING AND ITS FLUENCY FOR LIBRARIANS 성성성성성성 성성성성성 성성성 2009 성 7 성 9 성 ( 성성 )

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This paper, first, brings to light some features of social ntworking, introducing the concept of inter-subjectivity, theory of distributed cognition and principle of emergence, also mentioning the concept of information fluency for library communities. Secondly, this paper briefly reviews current library applications of social networking in the world level as well as status in Korea, such as twitter (Micro-blogging/ Presence updates), delicious (Web Resources Sharing), librarything (Cataloguing thru Social Networking: social cataloging web application for storing and sharing personal library catalogs and book lists) and library applications of some mash ups. Widgets, Libraries on FriendFeed and Google Profiles of libraries are also mentioned. Third, open source software platforms are also briefly reviewed in terms of library use. In this, a new paradigm shift of information organization in library field is mentioned: attempts are being made to move from a web of documents to a web of data. Popular Rdf Vocabularies are also briefly introduced. In this, FRBR vocabularies are specially emphasized. Since these are relatively not known to the specialists in other areas. FRBR can easily be implemented as an RDF vocabulary, that could be used to create a universal Linked Data library network. Some library related Linked Data projects are also briefed. Some notions of semantic interoperability are also briefed. Lastly,proposed models for Library apllications of social networking are suggested. Some implications of the use of library applications of social networking are also briefed.

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Social Networking And Its Fluency For Librarians 조명대

SOCIAL NETWORKING AND ITS

FLUENCY FOR LIBRARIANS

성균관대학교 사서교육원조명대

2009 년 7 월 9 일 ( 평창 )

Page 2: Social Networking And Its Fluency For Librarians 조명대

목 차

1 •Social Networking & Information Fluency

2 •Social Networking의 구성요소A. Open Platform B. 구조화된 데이터 (structured Data)

3 •Semantic 검색엔진

4 •Semantic Interoperability

5 •Suggestions for Special Libraries

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SOCIAL NETWORKING & INFORMATION FLUENCY_PHILOSOPHY

PIM (Personal Information Management)

Open mind -> Inter-subjectivity ( 間主觀性 ) 에 의한

다양한 entities (objects, people)

Distributed Cognition

Principle of Emergence_ 복잡계

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SOCIALTY

(Messaging, Blogging, Streaming media)

Page 5: Social Networking And Its Fluency For Librarians 조명대

Ontology (give Subjective Path)

Forms Inter-subjectivity

Human, Machine and Socialty in Informa-tion Discovery

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User-Cre-ated

Metadata

RDF vo-cabularies

or(Ontol-

ogy)Linked Data(semanti-cally orga-nized data)

이용자생성 메타데이터 , rdf 그리고 기존 문서중심의 자료

Mapped data from existing DB (such as MARC)

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Þ Social (tagging, bookmarking, networking) - They enable messaging, blogging, streaming media, and tagging

Þ Social networking bandwagon

Information Fluency: 정보와 정보를 연결시켜서 그곳에서 새로운 통찰을 발견할 수 있는 능력

-> (computer literacy + information literacy + creative mind)

Information Fluency

Page 8: Social Networking And Its Fluency For Librarians 조명대

Social networks, in some sense, are Library 2.0.

The face of the library's web-presence in the future may look very much like a Social Net-

work Interface.

Social networks 과 Library 2.0.

Page 9: Social Networking And Its Fluency For Librarians 조명대

A. SOCIAL NETWORKING 의 종류

Profile-based SNS (MySpace, Facebook)

Content-based SNS (Flickr, Shelfari, Librarything, YouTube)  Multi-User Virtual Environments (SecondLife,WOW)

Mobile SNS (MySpace, Facebook)

Micro-blogging/ Presence updates (Twitter)

People Search (Wink)

White label SNS (Ning, Joomla, KickApps, Pringo )_ 사용자가 원하는 형태로

Web Resources Sharing_Social Tagging (Delicious)

Blended Network (Frapper)

Page 10: Social Networking And Its Fluency For Librarians 조명대

HOW MANY CAN YOU RECOGNIZE THESE?SOCIAL NETWORK INDEX?

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B. SOCIAL NETWORKING WEB-SITES

List of social networking websites http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_social_networking_websites

Mashable: the Social media guide http://mashable.com/2007/10/23/social-networking-god/

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C. WHY SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES?

Free, Fun and Easy to use in many cases Popular – Social Network Bandwagon Many Applications - Continuously being devel-

oped Attract Attention of the patrons Free alternative to expansive software and pro-

grams To share information with staff members To share information with the public and your pa-

trons and collect feedback As your Institute’s Web pages (e.g., Libraries)

Page 13: Social Networking And Its Fluency For Librarians 조명대

3. SOCIAL NETWORKINGS IN LI-BRARIES

Social networking could enable librarians and patrons not only to interact, but to share

and change resources dynamically in an elec-

tronic medium.

사서와 이용자들이 서로 작용할 뿐만 아니라 나누고 , 교환할 수 있게 해주기 때문에

이용자들끼리 서로 다른 이용자들의 요구형태분석 , 서로 서로 공유하고 개방한다 .

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3_A: WHY DO LIBRARIES CARE ABOUT SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES?

The next big thing after Google is Social Net-working.

구글 다음에는 Social Networking 이 장악할 것이다 .

( From “As facebook takes off, Myspace strikes back” Kirkpatrick, Davis. Foutune. Sept. 19,

2007)

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3-B: HOW CAN YOU USE SOCIAL NETWORKING IN YOUR LIBRARY?

Start with one program or application at a time Experiment and see what works and what does not work Learn from other libraries who are already doing it Decide what is beneficial for your library and just do it

어떤 한 프로그램이나 application 하나씩 시작해 보라 . 어떤 것은 되고 어떤 것은 되지 않는 다는 실제로 경험해보라 이미 실시해 본 다른 도서관으로부터 배워라 어떤 것이 우리 도서관에 유익할 것인지를 결정했으면 바로

실시하라 .

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3-C: LIBRARY APPLICATION OF SOCIAL NETWORKING

1) Librarything in libraries2) Twitter in libraries 3) Delicious in libraries 4) Mash up….. could be as an application of

Linked data

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1) LIBRARYTHING IN LIBRARIES

http://www.librarything.com/

“ 개인화된 이용자들의 욕구”

“ 목록을 통한 Social Networking”

LibraryThing is a prominent social cataloging

web application for storing and sharing per-sonal library catalogs and book lists.

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LIBRARYTHING IN LIBRARIES

LibraryThing helps you create a library-quality catalog of your books. • 당신이 소장한 책들을 도서관급 목록을 만들게 해준다 .

LibraryThing connects people based on the books

they share.• 사람들이 서로 나누어 사용하고 있는 책을 보는

사람들끼리를 연결시켜준다 .

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2) WHY? TWITTER IN LIBRARIES

=> messages are short and to the point. Because of the 140 character limit. 메시지가 140 자 내로 짧으면서 , 바로 요점으로 들어간다 .

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WHAT IS TWITTER ANYWAY?

Wikipedia says: “ Twitter is a social networking and micro-blogging service that enables its

users to send and read other users’ updates known as tweets. Tweets are text-based posts of up to

140 bytes in length.” 트위트는 Social Networking 의 하나로서

트윗이라고 알려진 다른 사람들의 업데이트를 읽을 수 있게 해주는 작은 블로깅 서비스이다 .

140 바이트 이내의 텍스트 위주의 포스팅이다 . Hypertext 도 물론 가능하며 , tinyurl 을 제공한다 .

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TWITTER APPLICATION IN LI-BRARY

LC : https://twitter.com/librarycongress

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TWITTER APPLICATION IN LI-BRARY

http://twitter.com/OCLC

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LEADING EDGE AT LC

LC : Find Us on the Web Flickr Twitter YouTube

at http://www.loc.gov/blog/

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LEADING EDGE AT LC

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WHAT WOULD A LIBRARY USE TWITTER FOR?

reference tool : Virtual Reference Keeping up with the latest development (by following library leaders: Karen Coyle,

Hegna, Denton etc) market and promote library services has become so widespread library newsletter / upcoming events, /

new programs / announcements / library hours getting feedback from patrons Marketing place for researcher’s publications

From Research Proposal – Findings –Recommenda-tions

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EXAMPLES

(1) Casa Grande Public Library (AZ) (2) Nebraska Library Commission(3) Library of Congress (4) Peace Palace Library

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3. DELICIOUS IN LIBRARIES

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DEL.ICIO.US-LIKE PENNTAGS

PennTags - When card catalogs meet tags

http://tags.library.upenn.edu/

http://www.slideshare.net/laurie.allen/penntags-presentation-at-educause-2006

http://www.diglib.org/forums/fall2006/presentations/winkler-2006-11.pdf

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4. MASH UP IN LIBRARIES

http://library20.ning.com/profiles/blogs/mashup-your-librarys-twitter

Mashup your Library's Twitter, Flickr, Youtube,

Facebook accounts!

Libraries mash up content, services and ideas

http://www.oclc.org/fr/fr/nextspace/009/1.htm Meebo Instant Messaging.

Library Lookup. Bookburro.

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MASH UP: MEEBO INSTANT MESSAGING

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MASH UP: BOOKBURRO

http://www.bookburro.org/

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MASH UP: BOOKBURRO

- OCLC WorldCat 을 통해서 10,000 개의 기존 도서관과 연결-도서관계 온라인 커뮤니티와 연동- 기존의 서점 등과 연계되어 가격 및 주문 정보획득

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CHAPTER 2: OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE PLATFORMS

A. Social Networking 의 구성요소

B. Open Source

C. Linked Data

D. Structured data

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A. SOCIAL NETWORKING 의 구성요소

Profile

Relationship

Activity

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Profile => Identity 나를 표현하는 정보들

Relationship => SocialGraph 나의 친구들 그리고 친구의 친구들

Activity => Social Context 나의 Attention , Intention 을 드러내는 행위들

A. SOCIAL NETWORKING 의 구성요소

Page 37: Social Networking And Its Fluency For Librarians 조명대

TWITTER 의 예

ProfileActiv-ity

Relation-ship

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OPEN AMPLIFY 의 예

Pro-file

Activ-ity

Relation-ship

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DELICIOUS 의 예

Activity

Relationship

Profile

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B. OPEN SOURCE

Open Source Social Platforms: 10 of the Best 10 open source software platforms

http://mashable.com/2007/07/25/open-source-social-platforms/

www.programmableweb.com 자유롭게 사용할 수 있는 매쉬업 , API 등의 모음

(2000 개가 넘는 매쉬업과 500 개가 넘는 API)

성대도서관 Open API 를 잘 활용하고 있다 . http://lib.skku.edu/index.ax

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LINKED DATA

Linked Data is a methodology for providing relationships between things (data, concepts and

documents) anywhere on the web, using URI’s for identifying, RDF for describing and HTTP for publishing

these things and relationships, in a way that they can be interpreted and used by humans and software.

기존의 링크는 문서 (document) 에 대한 링크 . Data 에 대한 링크가 필요하다 이 점에서 Semantic web 이란 data 를 공유하고

재사용할 수 있는 framework 이다 . URI 를 통해서 언제든지 어디나 연결할 수 있는 데이터 .

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LINKED DATA 를 활용한 COLLOCATION 의 가치들

Wiki: http://www.wikipedia.org/ vs dbpedia : http://dbpedia.org/About

WorldCat: http://www.worldcat.org/ vs Fictionfinder (FRBR model):

http://fictionfinder.oclc.org

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PARADIGM SHIFT IN WWW

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LINKED DATA TECHNOLOGY STACK

(semantic web 을 구성하려면 URI, HTTP, RDF 3 요소가 꼭 필요하다 )

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LINKED DATA PRINCIPLES, BY TBL

Use URIs as names for things Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those

names Provide useful RDF information for a search Include RDF statements that link to other URIs

Example: http://dbpedia.org/page/Dublin

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D. Structured data

Document 가 아닌 data 의 관점에서 바라보자 . Data 를 구조화하여 Structured Data 를 만들자 .

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RDF Resource: URI 를 갖는 모든 것 ( 웹 페이지 , 이미지 , 동영상 등 ) Description: 자원 (Resource) 들의 속성 , 특성 , 관계 Framework: 위의 것들을 기술하기 위한 모델 , 언어 , 문법

47 억 개의 RDF triples 1 억 4 천 개의 RDF link

Subject – Predicate – Objects

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URI

Use URIs for naming everything you could think of. 우리가 상상할 수 있는 모든 것에 이름을 붙이는 것이기 위해서 URI 를 사용하라 .

Use URIs for people, fruits, cars, drinks, islands, etc but also for abstract things such as love, war, statistics,

genes, religion, etc

Cool URIs for the semantic web

http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-cooluris-20080321/

Page 51: Social Networking And Its Fluency For Librarians 조명대

RDF VOCABULARIES

RDF Vocabulaires 란 ‘웹상에 이미 정의된 Classes 와 Properties 의 집합’

누군가 미리 만들어 놓은 것을 사용하자 . 그런 것들을 Vocabulary 라고 부르자 . 이런 Vocabulary 는 RDF, RDF-S , OWL 등을

사용해서 학계나 , 표준단체에서 이미 만들어놓은 것들을 말한다 .

대부분 RDF 를 기반으로 정의되기에 , RDF 의 Application 이라고도 한다 . 대부분 실제 적용할 수 있는 구체적이고 , 높은 추상화 수준의 개념을 미리 정의해놓았기에 ,

상황에 맞게 가져다 쓰면 된다 .

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예 ] NAME SPACE/URI/RDF VOCABU-LARIES   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> -<rdf:RDFxmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/

foaf/0.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> - <foaf:Person rdf:ID="http://www.cetis.ac.uk/members/scott/">   <foaf:openid rdf:resource="http://www.cetis.ac.uk/members/scott/" />   <foaf:name>Scott Wilson</foaf:name>   <foaf:nick>scott</foaf:nick>   <foaf:depiction rdf:resource="http://www.cetis.ac.uk/staff/portrait/scott" />   <foaf:weblog rdf:resource="http://www.cetis.ac.uk/members/scott/" />   <foaf:interest dc:title="identity" rdf:resource="http://del.icio.us/tag/identity" />   <foaf:interest dc:title="beer" rdf:resource="http://del.icio.us/tag/beer" />   <foaf:interest dc:title="openid" rdf:resource="http://del.icio.us/tag/openid" />   <foaf:interest dc:title="personal learning environments" rdf:resource="http://del.i-

cio.us/tag/PLE" />   <foaf:interest dc:title="music" rdf:resource="http://del.icio.us/tag/music" />   <foaf:interest dc:title="pizza" rdf:resource="http://del.icio.us/tag/pizza" />   <foaf:interest dc:title="playing guitar" rdf:resource="http://del.icio.us/tag/guitar" />   <foaf:interest dc:title="security" rdf:resource="http://del.icio.us/tag/security" />   <foaf:interest dc:title="tequila" rdf:resource="http://del.icio.us/tag/tequila" />   <foaf:interest dc:title="cybernetics" rdf:resource="http://del.icio.us/tag/cybernetics"

/> </foaf:Person> </rdf:RDF>

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FOAF 싸이월드와 미투데이 , 트위터의 사용자들이 서비스의 경계를

넘어 ' 친구 ' 가 되는 세상 . RDF 를 기반으로 사람 , 그리고 그 관계를 표현하는 Vocabulary An RDF vocabulary for describing people:

– identities – interests – affiliations – social networks – etc

FOAF 가 ‘ Who I am’ 으로 말할 수 있는 ‘ identity’ 와 ‘ Who I know’ 라고 말할 수 있는 ‘ friends’ 를 의미적으로 표현해 준다 . FOAF Vocabulary Specification 0.9 http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/

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SIOC(SEMANTICALLY-INTERLINKED ONLINE COMMUNITIES)

온라인 커뮤니티의 콘텐츠와 그 구조를 의미있게 표현해주는 온톨로지 . FOAF 와 함께 사용함으로써 이를 통해 온라인상에서의 나와 친구들의 다양한 activities 를 의미적으로 표현 .

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SKOS

정보에 대한 속성들 , 주제 - 분류 -폭소노미 - 계층 구조등을 모델링

개념과 개념과의 관계를 정의할 필요 정보의 정확한 의미를 정의하기는 어려워도 , 일단

그 느슨한 ' 구조 ' 만이라도 담아내고자 하는 것이 SKOS 가 지닌 목적 “Thesaurus, classifications, subjects, tax-

onomies, folksonomies 등의 기 구축된 지식시스템내의

Concept 들을 표현 , 연결 , 조합하기 위해 약속된 스팩”

http://blog.subj3ct.com/post/2009/06/05/Coming-soonSKOS-Support.aspx

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DC

컨텐츠의 저작에 관련된 기초적인 요소들을 정의 3 개의 name space 16 개의 주요소

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FRBR

이용자의 요구에 맞게 정보를 계층별로 제공해주자는 의도로 만들어진 vocabulary 이자 conceptual

model.

FRBR 를 “ work set clustering” “4 level dis-play” 등으로만 보지 말자 .

There is much more to the FRBR model than “work set grouping”

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FRBR AS A RDF VOCABULARY FRBR is a complete data model that is a new way of looking

at our data, not just taking existing records and identifying work relationships.

FRBR 가 높은 추상 수준의 개념 모델만으로 존재하는 것이 아니고 새롭게 데이터를 바라볼 수 있게 하는 데이터 모델이기도 하다 .

FRBR a type of RDF vocabulary FRBR 도 rdf vocabulary 이다 . ( 사서들이 제일 잘 알아야 하는 ) entities and the relationships in FRBR is identifiable,

linkable, usable, and reusable, and everything can

be matched up.

(FRBR 에서 사용되는 개체와 관계는 확인되어질 수 있고 , 연결될 수 있고 , 사용될 수 있고 , 재사용될 수 있으며 다른 것들과 상응되게 사용될 수 있다 )

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RDA (RESOURCE DESCRIPTION AND ACCESS)

똑 같은 현상이 서지에 일어나고 있다 . 그 개념적 모델이 FRBR 이고 FRBR 에는 수많은 vocabu-lary 들이 만들어져 있으며 이젠 RDA (AACR2) 라는 이름으로

자원에 대한 기술 및 검색을 돕고 있다 .

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LINKED DATA

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4) RDF IDENTIFIERS

http://rdf.freebase.com/?freebaseid

http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/en.blade_runner

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4) 예 : METADATA REGISTRY 의 경우_1

Disambigua-tion process

annota-tion

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4) 예 : METADATA REGISTRY 의 경우_2

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우리곁의 _ 데이터웹 궁극적으로는 구조화된 웹 가치 있는 정보들을 좀 더 쉽게 찾을 수 있고 Findability 그 정보들을 엮기가 더 쉬워지는 Remixability

문서중심의 웹이 주로 링크들의 물리적 결합이었다면 Data Web에서 일어나는 것은 가치있는 정보간의 화학반응 !

구조화된웹 = Web as Database 우리의 정보 , 행위 , 의도가 녹아드는 거대한 데이터베이스

( 정지웅 : 우리곁의 _ 데이터웹 .pdf) 196 페이지의 아주 우수한 자료

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CHAPTER 3: SEMANTIC 검색엔진 http://sindice.com/

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SEMANTIC 검색엔진 http://library-20-search-engine-swicki.e

urekster.com/

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SEMANTIC 검색엔진

http://swoogle.umbc.edu/

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SEMANTIC 검색엔진

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SEMANTIC 검색엔진

http://hakia.com

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HUMAN-ORIENTED SEARCH EN-GINES

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DOMAIN-SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS

DBpedia Mobile DBpedia Mobile is a location-aware Linked Data browser designed

to be run on an iPhone or other mobile device.

DBpedia Mobile is oriented to the use case of a tourist exploring a city.

DBpedia Mobile 은 iPhone 위에서 작동하는 위치를 알려주는 Linked Data 브라우저이다 .

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SPARQL

http://geosparql.appspot.com/

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TWITTER AS A REAL TIME SEARCH PLATFORM

http://search.twitter.com/

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CHAPTER 4: SEMANTIC INTEROP-ERABILITY

( 서로’間’에 ‘作動’할 수 있게 하는 ‘能力’ ) 서로 다른 메타데이터를 사용하는 시스템들이

각각의 메타데이터를 이해할 수 있는 능력

지금은 Semantic Interoperability 가 미덕인 세상이다 .

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왜 상호운용성인가 ?

데이터표현의 다양성 : 도서 , 책 , 서적 , Book 메타데이터 표현의 다양성 : 서명 , 도서명 , 책이름 , 책제목 ,

Name, title 메타데이터 표준의 난립 : dc, Marc, Onix, Tei, 약 80 개 메타데이터 레지스트리의 증가 : OASIS, ISO/IEC 11179 MDR,

UDDI Registry, DB Sys. Registry, Case Tool Registry, Ontol-ogy Registry

결론은 디지털자원의 식별이다

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상호운용성의 방법 하나의 메타데이터로 통합 : MARC, DC

모든 형태의 네트워크 자원을 하나의 표준적인 메타데이터로 표현하는 것이 가장 이상적이라는 관점

다양한 메타데이터 인정 : Crosswalks, RDF, METS, Application Profiles, Derivation

다양한 메타데이터 형식과 기술 구조를 인정하고 상호 매핑을 통해 해결하는 방법 / xml 활용

Metadata Registry: ISO/IEC 11179 메타데이터 온톨로지 즉 메타데이터 레지스트리

(Metadata Registry) 에 의한 해결 방법 메타데이터의 등록과 인증을 통하여 표준화된

메타데이터를 유지 관리

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LANGUAGE OF INTEROPERABILITY상호운용성의 언어들 Universal identifiers (URIs): like written word

– For “connecting the dots”

Abstract syntax (RDF triples): sentence grammar– Foundation of syntactic interoperability

Vocabularies: words and concepts– Foundation of semantic interoperability

Platform for compatible domain models– Application Profiles

Human-understandable – machine-processable

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CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

Create a more interactive library using web 2.0 services

Develop Library Wiki ( 사서와 이용자들의 협업 )

Develop Creative Mashups (창조적인 매쉬업을 개발하라 )

Distribute your library materials, including your researchers

상호운용성을 적극 활용하여 이젠 우리가 매력적인 도서관을 만들어야 한다 .

How: 다른 자원이나 , 이용자 프로파일 , 이용자생성메타디이터 등의 메타데이터를 통합

어떻게 참여를 유도할 것인지를 고민하라

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LIBRARY RELATED LINKED DATA PROJECTS A brief and incomplete list of some library related Linked Data projects:

RDF BookMashup – Integration of Web 2.0 data sources like Amazon, Google or Yahoo into the Semantic Web.

Library of Congress Authorities – Exposing LoC Autorities and Vocabularies to the web using URI’s

DBPedia – Exposing structured data from WikiPedia to the web

LIBRIS – Linked Data interface to Swedish LIBRIS Union catalog

Scriblio+Wordpress+Triplify – “A social, semantic OPAC Union Catalogue”

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FRBR AS AN RDF VOCABULARY

FRBR can easily be implemented as an RDF vocabulary, that could be used to create a universal Linked Data library network. It really does not mat-

ter what kind of internal data format the connected systems use. FRBR 은 미래 목록의 표준이 될 RDA(Resource De-

scription and Access) 의 핵심부분으로 자리 잡은 상태이고 FRBR 의 관계가 시맨틱 언어인 RDF/OWL 로 표현할 수 있으므로 데이터 공유에 유리하며 , 또한 의미를 풍부하게 산출해 낼 수 있는 데이터 중심으로 다양하게 재조직 및 재이용될 수 있는 Linked data 로서의 장점을 지니고 있다 .

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CLOSED CONTAINERS OF DATA

Information systems, such as library catalogs, have

been, and still are, for the greatest part closed containers of data, or “silos” without connections between them.

카타로그를 열어라 !

(Tim Berners Lee)

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기존의 문서검색에 ( 다양하고 비싼 상용 database) 의해서만 SDI 하지 말고 , 이젠 data 의 (web of data) 에서도 더 많은 가치를 찾아보자 .

연구원 연구결과를 더 적극적으로 홍보하는 장소 , 도서관 ! 그 분야의 연구물을 선도하는 기관으로 … Social cataloging models such as those em-

ployed by LibraryThing represent an interesting way to combine the best of algorithms and dis-tributed human labor in implementing basic lev-els of FRBR functionality.

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Thank you for listening!

Questions?