1. Sources of Secondary Metabolite Variation inDysidea avara: The Importance ofHaving Good NeighborsMar. Drugs 2013, 11, 489-503 Published: 18 February 2013Sonia De Caralt, Delphine Bry, Nataly Bontemps,Xavier Turon, Maria-Jesus Uriz and Bernard Banaigs 2013.3.26

2. 2Report ProcedureIntroduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions 3. 3Introduction 4. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion ConclusionsSponges v.s Terrestrial systems4Marine invertebrates, especially sponges, are a prolicsource of novel secondary metabolites with pharmacologicalapplicationsMany studies targeting marine sponges have establishedparallels with studies on plants in terrestrial systems. 5. IntroductionExperimental Section Results Discussion ConclusionsModel organism: Dysidea avara 5 http://www.natuurlijkmooi.net/adriatische_zee/sponzen/dysidea_avara.htm 6. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion ConclusionsModel organism: Dysidea avara6Dysidea avara is a commonMediterranean sublittoraldemosponge that producesthe sesquiterpenehydroquinone avarol 7. Introduction Experimental Section Results DiscussionConclusionsTemporal Variation of Metabolites 7Minor5-monoacetylavarolMajorAvarol (R - H)Structure ofcompounds fromD. avara 8. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion ConclusionsTraditional view point: trade-off in resources 8Optimal Defence Theory:Secretion of secondaryorganisms defencematabolites depends on thetrade-off in resourceallocation between theorganisms defence and their trade-offprimary biological functionssuch as reproduction and/orgrowthprimary biologicalfunctions:reproduction and/or growth 9. IntroductionExperimental Section Results Discussion ConclusionsHypothesis9 Time Change Temperature Change Optimal Defence Theory organisms defence Secondary Metabolitereproduction and/or growth 10. IntroductionExperimental Section ResultsDiscussionConclusionsThe aim of this work was to...... 101 Study temporal and intra-individual variability of avarolyields in a population of Dysidea avara from the NWMediterranean Sea2 Search for biotic and abiotic factors related to thisvariabilityIs the hypothesis right?Whats the benet? 11. 11Experimental Section 12. IntroductionExperimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions ASampling12NW Mediterranean sea1 temporal variability10 individuals once amonth over 2 yearspresence of broodedembryos verifying bystereomicroscope2 intra-individual variationin productionsampled 90 individuals inJune 2010 13. IntroductionExperimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions ASampling13NW Mediterranean sea1 temporal variability10 individuals once amonth over 2 yearspresence of broodedembryos verifying bystereomicroscope2 intra-individual variationin productionsampled 90 individuals inJune 2010 14. IntroductionExperimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions ASampling14NW Mediterranean sea1 temporal variability10 individuals once amonth over 2 yearspresence of broodedembryos verifying bystereomicroscope2 intra-individual variationin productionsampled 90 individuals inJune 2010 15. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions BHPLC Analysis and Quantication15high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) injection 16. 16Results2.1. Temporal Variation of Metabolites 17. IntroductionExperimental SectionResults Discussion Conclusions AThe time course17The time course of the concentrations of the two metabolites 18. IntroductionExperimental SectionResults Discussion Conclusions AThe time course18avarolThe time course of the concentrations of the two metabolites5-monoacetylavarol 19. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions AThe time course: reproductive period 19reproductive period 20. Introduction Experimental Section Results DiscussionConclusions AThe time course: statistically signicant 20statistically signica nt differences 21. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions BSeasonal Pattern 21Both compounds followed approximately thesame seasonal pattern.Signicant differences between months werefound for both metabolites. 22. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions BSeasonal Pattern: avarol 22 23. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions BSeasonal Pattern: 5-monoacetylavarol23 24. Introduction Experimental Section ResultsDiscussion Conclusions CAutocorrelation plots: avarol 24Cross-correlation analyses ofavarol concentration versus temperature 95% CICorrelationTime Lag 25. Introduction Experimental Section ResultsDiscussion Conclusions CAutocorrelation plots: avarol 25 95% CISecretion %1 2 3 4 5 6 Correlation1 2 3 4 5 6Temperature Time Lag 26. Introduction Experimental Section ResultsDiscussion Conclusions CAutocorrelation plots: avarol 26 95% CISecretion %1 2 3 4 5 6 Correlation1 2 3 4 5 6Temperature Time Lag 27. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions CAutocorrelation plots: avarol27 95% CI Secretion % 1 2 3 4 5 6 Correlation 1 2 3 4 5 6 Temperature Time Lag 28. Introduction Experimental Section ResultsDiscussion Conclusions CAutocorrelation plots: avarol 28Cross-correlation analyses ofavarol concentration versus temperature 95% CICorrelationTime Lag 29. Introduction Experimental Section ResultsDiscussion Conclusions CAutocorrelation plots: 5-monoacetyl avarol 29Cross-correlation analyses of5-monoacetyl avarol concentration versus temperature 95% CICorrelationTime Lag 30. 30Results2.2. Intra-Individual Variation of Metabolites 31. Introduction Experimental SectionResultsDiscussionConclusions AAverage percentage of avarol and 5-monoacetylavarol31 mg of the secondary metabolite mg of sponge dry weightcentral partperiphery zonesperipheral zonesof the spongesin contact in close contact withwith algae other invertebrates 32. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions BAverage percentage of avarol 32Kruskal-Wallis testNo signicant differences 33. 33Discussion 34. IntroductionExperimental Section ResultsDiscussionConclusionsThe aim of this work was to...... 341 Study temporal and intra-individual variability of avarolyields in a population of Dysidea avara from the NWMediterranean Sea2 Search for biotic and abiotic factors related to thisvariabilityIs the hypothesis right?Whats the benet? 35. IntroductionExperimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions ASpecies-specic factors affect the metabolite production35Previous Understanding:production of secondarymetabolites: trade-off organisms defencein resource allocation.trade-offThat is not true! 3 reasons: 1 2 3 primary biological functions: reproduction and/orgrowth 36. IntroductionExperimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions ASpecies-specic factors affect the metabolite production361 No relationship existed withcurrent temperature andwith temperature in thepreceding months. 37. IntroductionExperimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions ASpecies-specic factors affect the metabolite production372 Highest concentrationsderivative coincided withthe brooding periodNo negative relationshipwith reproduction could besubstantiated 38. IntroductionExperimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions ASpecies-specic factors affect the metabolite production383 Minima of metaboliteconcentration:autumn of 2009But!!Minimal values not repeatedin the second year.Sympatric sponge:the highest values oftoxicity were found inautumn 39. IntroductionExperimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions ASpecies-specic factors affect the metabolite production393 Minima of metaboliteconcentration:autumn of 2009But!!Minimal values not repeatedin the second year.Sympatric sponge:the highest values oftoxicity were found inautumn 40. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions ASpecies-specic factors affect the metabolite production 40From 12 3The need of long-termstudies of metabolitevariation in a range ofspeciesThe existence of species-specic factors that couldaffect the metaboliteproduction in sponges. 41. IntroductionExperimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions BSponge defences can be locally induced41The lack of a consistent in1 temporal trend2 intra- and inter-individual3 central and peripheral zones sponge defences can be locally induced to some extent Opens new possibilities to enhance metabolite production in this species for which culture methods have been developed. 42. IntroductionExperimental Section ResultsDiscussionConclusions CMetabolite with allelopathic role 42Avarol is a metabolite with an allelopathic role in spacecompetition with long-lived invertebrates.Other functions of avarol cannot be excluded. 43. 43Conclusions 44. IntroductionExperimental Section Results Discussion ConclusionsConclusions & Take Home Massage 441 A natural variation in the amount of avarol appears to beintrinsic to the species but modulated by the nature of theneighbors in close contact, which makes it difcult tooutline a consistent temporal pattern.2 The type of organisms in close contact with the targetspecies should be considered in temporal surveys3 This nding opens new biotechnological approaches toenhance the metabolite supply in sponge cultures bydeveloping experimental settings that incorporateinteractions with competing species. 45. 45Acknowledgement 46. Thanks for Listening!46