suachuaotoxemay

8/14/2019 suachuaotoxemay

1/197

BO GIAO DUC VA AO TAO

TRNG AI HOC S PHAM KY THUAT TP.HCM

KHOA C KH ONG LCBO MON ONG C

Giao trnh

KY THUAT SA CHA MOTO XE MAY

Tp.HO CH MINH 12 / 2007

GV bien soan : LE XUAN TI


2/197


3/197

2

TRNG AI HOC SPKT TP.HCMKHOA C KH ONG LC

----o0o----BO MON ONG C

E CNG CHI TIET HOC PHANTEN HOC PHAN: KY THUAT SA CHA MO TO XE MAY

TEN TIENG ANH: TECHNICAL METHOD OF REPAIRING MOTOCYCLESO TN CH (VHP): 2 N V HOC PHAN 30 TIETTRNH O: AI HOC -KHOI K - HOAN CHNH AI HOC

1. Muc tieu hoc phan:Sau khi hoc xong hoc phan nay, sinh vien co kha nang:

1.1 Hieu biet c ve cau tao, nguyen ly lam viec cua cac loai ong c motoxe may.

1.2 Hieu biet c ve cau tao, nguyen ly lam viec cua cac loai he thong truyenong s dung tren mo to xe may.

1.3 Phat hien c cac h hong thong thng cua ong c mo to xe may.1.4 S dung, bao dng c cac loai mo to xe may ung qui trnh cua nha

che tao.

2. Mo ta van tat noi dung hoc phan:ay la mon hoc ly thuyet tn ch t chon ve ky thuat sa cha mo to xe may.

Mon hoc c giang day sau khi a hoc xong ly thuyet cau tao nguyen ly lam viecong c xang.

3. ieu kien tien quyet:Cac mon hoc tien quyet:

- Phai hoc xong mon: Thc tap ong c I.- Phai hoc xong mon: Thc tap oto I.

4. Nhiem vu cua sinh vien:- D lp ay u cac bai ly thuyet giang tren lp vi thi gian toi thieu la 24 tiet.- oc trc tai lieu cau tao ky thuat sa cha mo to xe may.

5. Thang iem va tieu chuan anh gia:a. Thang iem 10b. Tieu chuan anh gia: theo qui che hien hanh va

- Bang thu hoach: thc te chnh xac, khong sao chep.6. Noi dung chi tiet hoc phan:

Truong DH SPKT TP. HCM http://www.hcmute.edu.vn

Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn


4/197

3

PHAN BO THI GIAN MON HOC

CHNG TEN CHNG LT TH TC1 Khai niem ve xe gan may 1T 1T

2 Khai niem ve ong c 2T 2T

3 Cac chi tiet cua ong c 3T 3T

4 He thong phan phoi kh 2T 2T

5 He thong lam mat lam trn 2T 2T

6 He thong nhien lieu 2T 2T

7 He thong anh la 3T 3T8 He thong khi ong 1T 1T

9 He thong truyen chuyen ong 5t 5T

10 Banh xe 1T 1T

11 He thong phanh 2T 2T

12 He thong giam soc 2T 2T

13 Tm pan ong c 2T 2T

14 S dung bao dng 2T 2TTong cong: 30T 30T




5/197

4

NOI DUNG CHI TIET CUA HOC PHAN________ oo0oo ________

CHNG I: KHAI NIEM VE XE MAY ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .......... ........ ........ ........ ........ .......... 1T

I. Lch s phat trien cua xe mayII. Cau tao tong quat mot chiec xe mayIII. Cac kch thc ac trng cua XGM

CHNG II: KHAI NIEM VE ONG C .......................................................................................... 2T

I. Khai niem va phan loai.II.

ong c 4 ky : cau tao chung, nguyen ly lam viec.III. ong c 2 ky : cau tao chung, nguyen ly lam viec.

IV. Cac thong so ac trng cua ong c.CHNG III: CAC CHI TIET CUA ONG C .................................................................................... 3T

A. Cac chi tiet co nh.I. Nap may.II. Xy lanh.III. Cac te.

B. Cac chi tiet di ong.I. Pttong ( Piston ).II. Xec mang.III. Thanh truyen.IV. Truc khuyu Banh a.

C. H hong sa cha cac chi tiet ong c.CHNG IV: HE THONG PHAN PHOI KH. ....................................................................................... 2T

I. Cong dung va phan loaiII. Nnguyen ly lam viec he thong phan phoi kh ong c 4 ky.III.

Cau tao cac chi tiet cua he thongIV. C cau cang sen cam

V. ieu chnh sa cha he thong phan phoi khCHNG V: HE THONG LAM MAT, LAM TRN ........ .......... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .......... ........ .. 2T

A. He thong lam mat.I. Khai niem ve s lam mat.II. Phan loai.

B. He thong lam trn.I. Muc ch cua s lam trn.II. ac tnh cua dau lam trn.III. Phng phap lam trn .




6/197

5

- ng c 2 ky.- ng c 4 ky.

IV. H hong, sa cha he thong lam trnCHNG VI: HE THONG NHIEN LIEU ........................................................................................... 2T

I. Cong dung, cau tao, nguyen ly tong quat .II. Cau tao cac chi tiet cua he thong.III. Bo che hoa kh t ong.IV. ieu chnh bo che hoa kh.

CHNG VII: HE THONG ANH LA ............................................................................................ 3T

I. Cong dung va phan loai.II. He thong anh la ien t.

1. Cau tao he thong anh la ien t.2. Nguyen ly lam viec cua he thong anh la ien t.3. S can thiet cua viec anh la sm.4. ieu chnh, sa cha he thong anh la.

III. He thong anh la ac quy.1. Cau tao he thong anh la ac quy.2. Nguyen ly lam viec cua he thong anh la ac quy.3. He thong anh la ban dan ( anh la ien t ).

a. Phan loai S o nguyen ly cau tao.b. Nguyen ly lam viec.c. Bao tr, kiem tra he thong anh la CDI.

CHNG VIII : HE THONG KHI ONG IEN ................................................................................... 1T

I. Cau tao cac chi tiet.II. S o nguyen ly lam viec cua he thong khi ong.III. H hong, sa cha he thong khi ong.

CHNG IX: HE THONG TRUYEN CHUYEN ONG ............................................................................ 5T

A. Cac phng phap truyen ong en banh xe phat ong.Cac thong so cua he thong truyen ong.

B. C cau khi ong gio ap.

1. Cong dung.2. Cac nguyen tac truyen lc c cau khi ong.

C. Bo ly hp.I. V tr bo tr ly hp.II. Cong dung va phan loai.III. Ly hp co a ma sat, co tay ieu khien.IV. Ly hp co a ma sat, khong co tay ieu khien.V. Ly hp khong co a ma sat, khong co tay ieu khien, ap

dung lc ly tam.

VI. ieu chnh, h hong, sa cha ly hp.B. Hop so.




7/197

6

I. Cong dung.II. Phan loai.III. Cau tao hop so.IV. Van chuyen hop so.

C. He thong truyen ong dung cac xe tay ga.CHNG X: BANH XE ............................................................................................................... 1T

I. Cau tao Giai thch cac ky hieu.II. H hong sa cha.

CHNG XI: HE THONG PHANH................................................................................................... 2T

I. Cong dung Phan loai.II. Phanh c kh.III. Phanh dau.

CHNG XII: HE THONG GIAM SOC ............................................................................................ 2TI. Cau tao Phan loai.II. H hong sa cha.

CHNG XIII: TM PAN ONG C ............................................................................................... 2T

I. Pan sc nen.II.Pan xang.III. Pan la.

CHNG XIV: S DUNG BAO DNG ........................................................................................... 2T

I. S dung xe mi.II. S dung xe tren ng .III. Bao dng.

7. Tai lieu hoc tap cho sinh vien:a. Tai lieu hoc tap chnh:

1. Le Xuan Ti Ky thuat sa cha xe gan may NXBGD.2. Le Xuan Ti qui trnh thao rap cac loai xe gan may NXBGD.

b. Tai lieu tham khao:1. Honda tai lieu huan luyen2. Yamaha tai lieu huan luyen

Ho va ten ngi bien soan: Le Xuan Ti Ky ten .......... ........ ........ ........ ......

Ho va ten ngi phan bien: 1. Nguyen Tan Loc Ky ten .......... ........ ........ ........ ......

2. Nguyen Van Long Giang Ky ten ........... .......................... ......

Chu nhiem bo mon : Nguyen Tan Loc Ky ten . ........ ........ ........ .......... ...




8/197

- 1

CHNG I

KHAI NIEM VE XE GAN MAY

I.

Lch s phat trien ve xe gan may:Lch s cua xe gan may co the coi nh s ket hp gia ong c no va xe hai banh.

Ve ong c rat phc tap, do nhieu ngi phan nhieu la vo danh lam. That ra ong cot trong au tien do ky s Phap Etienne Lenoir che tao thanh cong nam 1860. T ocac nhathiet ke luon luon ngh en viec at ong c len xe nga va xe ap. Tuy vaymai en nam 1870 chiec xe ap c gan ong c hi nc vi noi sup de ot bangru con do ky s Phap Perrot sang che la chiec xe gan may au tien. Nam 1884 motong c no 2 xylanh gan len xe 3 banh do ngi Anh Edward Butler sang che.

Nam 1885 chiec xe au tien chay trc cong chung do ngi c Gotthieb-

Daimler sang che.Mot trong nhng hieu xe au tien c san xuat o la DAIMLER cua c,

Beeston va Holden cua Anh nam 1897. Do tnh trang ieu khien kho khan (v maychay cham, khong co ly hp) nen xe hai banh phat trien cham. Mai en the ky XX xehai banh mi dung nhieu, nhat la chau Au.

V tr at may au tien c at ngay truc banh xe dan da a vao gia khung xenh hien nay, v tr nay thuan li nhat va tao nen can bang cho xe. Ve truyen lc autien dung day cu roa, ve sau sen c pho bien, mot so xe dung lap chuyen va cacang.

Khung xe cang ngay cang c cai tien. au tien xe khong co nhung nh xe aphien nay. T t xuat hien nhun trc roi en nhun sau, nhun bang lo xo roi en nhundau (thuy lc). He thong ly hp, hop so cang ngay cang phat trien e xe de ieu khien,toc o cang ngay cang cao. He thong thang cung c cai tien dan, a so dung thangum va gan ay mot so xe dung thang a.

Rieng ong c van dung loai 2 th hoac 4 th, dung tch xylanh co the t 50 1300cm3. Ch co nhng cai tien nho v no trang b cho xe gan may gan nh at en mc caonhat cua cong suat.

Hien nay xe gan may co vai cai tien mi nh dung thang a, phun xang ien t,hop so t ong, trang b loai nieng ch co khoang 7 8 cay cam to thay v nhieu camnho nh trc ay

Nham cho viec ieu khien xe tr nen de dang he thong ly hp t ong c dungpho bien cac loai xe n va cac xe tay ga.

II. Cau tao tong quat mot chiec xe gan may :1. Cau tao tong quat 1 chiec xe gan may:Thong thng mot chiec xe gan may gom nhng bo phan sau:




9/197

- 2

HNH 1 - 1 CAU TAO TONG QUAT XE1. Cong tac may ong thi khoa co, cha khoa yen 2. Cum cong tac cot, pha, cong tacken, cong tac queo 3. Cong t met 4. Cum cong tac en chnh, nut e

5. Tay ga 6. Tay thang trc 7. Bng, vt rap moc treo8. Ban ap thang sau 9. Cho e chan 10. Cong tac en stop 11. Gio ap 12.Gac chan 13. De sau 14. Khung gi khi dng hay ay xe 15. Baga trc 16.Cho ng o nghe 17.Khoa yen 18. Khung gan gat chan 19. Chanchong nghieng 20.Chan chong ng 21. Cho e chan 22.Can sang so23. Khoa xang 24. Loc xang 25. Knh chieu hau 26. Yen xe 27. Cao sugiam chan yen xe 28. Nap xang

a. ong c:La bo may gom nhieu chi tiet va he thong lap ghep lien he mat thiet vi nhau, la

ni ot chay nhien lieu toa nhiet bien thanh c nang roi sinh ra ong lc truyen sang he

thong truyen chuyen ong lam cho xe di chuyen. Muon vay trong ong c phai co cacchi tiet va he thong sau:

Cac chi tiet co nh va di ong.

Cac chi tiet cua he thong phan phoi kh.

He thong lam trn, lam mat.

He thong nhien lieu.

He thong anh la.

b. He thong truyen chuyen ong:Co nhiem vu truyen chuyen ong t ong c en banh xe phat ong, thay oi toc

o, moment cua banh xe phat ong tuy theo tai trong va ng sa. He thong nay gom:Bo ly hp, hop so, banh xe rang keo xch (nhong trc); da sen (nhong sau), xch tai.




10/197

- 3

mot vai loai moto khong dung sen ma he thong lap chuyen va cac - an. Trenxe gan may ong c va he thong truyen chuyen ong c rap chung thanh mot khoi tathng goi la ong c.

c. He thong chuyen ong (he thong di chuyen):Co tac dung bien chuyen ong quay cua he thong truyen chuyen ong thanh

chuyen ong tnh tien cua chiec xe. Mat khac no con co tac dung bao am cho xe dichuyen em du tren nhng oan ng khong bang phang. He thong nay gom: Banh xetrc, banh xe sau, he thong nhun va khung xe.

d. He thong ieu khien:Co nhiem vu thay oi hng chuyen ong cua chiec xe. Cho xe chay cham lai hay

dng han e am bao an toan khi giao thong. He thong nay gom tay lai, cac can ieu

khien va he thong thang.e. He thong ien en coi:Co tac dung tao tn hieu hoac chieu sang khi xe dng, queo, i trong em toi hoac

cho ong ngi e bao am an toan giao thong. He thong nay gom cac en chieu gan,chieu xa, en lai, en stop, en queo, en soi sang congtmet, ken, cac loai en tnhieu. . .

2. Phan loai xe gan may:Xe gan may la goi chung cho tat ca cac xe 2 banh co gan ong c. Thc ra danh

t xe gan may (xe may dau) e ch cho cac xe hai banh co gan ong c, khi can thietco the ap nh xe ap ma khong dung en may nh Velo Solex, Mobylette, Peugeot,PC, so con lai goi laScooter hay moto. Neu c banh xe nho nh Vespa, Lambertta goila Scooter, C banh ln goi la moto.

Ngay nay xe gan may phan loai chu yeu da vao ong c. Theo tnh nang ta cohai loai chnh la ong c 4 th va ong c 2 th.

Loai 4 th dung cho xe co long xylanh t 50 1300 cm3. Loai 2 th dung cho xe co long xylanh t 50 250 cm3 . Toi a la 350 cm3 v

loai nay tieu hao nhien lieu nhieu.

Da vao thiet ke ong c th ta co:

ong c may ng (Honda CB 350) ong c may nam (Honda C50) ong c may hnh ch V (Harley Davidson) ong c may nam ngang (B.M.W)Da vao dung tch xylanh ta co:

ong c loai 49cc (Honda C.50)




11/197

- 4

ong c loai 150cc (Vespa 150) ong c loai 250cc (Yamaha 250)Da vao cac s dung ta co:

Xe tay ga: Attila, Honda @, Honda Click, SH, Nouvo, Spacy Xe sang so: Dream, Future, Wave

Thong dung nhat hien nay van la loai xe gan may 100cc, 125cc, 150cc ch co 1long xylanh a so la xe 2 th Peugeot, Mobylette (Phap), Suzuki, Yamaha, Bridgestone(Nhat) va xe 4 th nh Honda Dream, Sirius, Suzuki Viva

Phan loai xe gan may Honda

V du: Honda C 50 M

Honda C 70 E Econo PowerHonda C 100 M DM Dream II 1984

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1- Hieu xe thng ai dien cho loai ong c 4 th

2- Ch danh kieu xe nam hay n

Xe Nam: S, SS, CL, CD, CB

Xe N: C

Ngoai ra, Xe Nam hay N con c thiet ke chuyen dung. Xe the thao (Sport). Xe leo nui (Setambler). Xe ch hang, yen ri (business). Xe gia nh, banh nho (Family).3- So phan khoi: ch danh bang so phan khoi a ang ky, thc te so phan khoi nho

hoac ln hn 1cc 2cc.

4- Co ch M la xe co trang b e-ma-r.5- Th trng lu hanh xe.

E, UK : Lien hiep Anh (May en chong toa nhiet)

GR : Greece

B : Belgium : B

U : Australia : Uc

D, DM, DK : General export: Th trng chung

(DM toc o ke n v Mile gi MPH : DK : KM/gi)




12/197

- 5

6- i xe: Ten goi rieng cho i xe, cung theo ten goi ngi ta con phan biet hethong anh la bang ma vt hoac tu phong ien CDI.

7- Nm sn xut.

III. Cac kch thc ac trng cua XGM:

Kch thc Mio Nouvo

A Chieu dai toan bo 1820 mm 1935 mm

B Chieu rong toan bo 675 mm 675 mm

C Chieu cao toan bo 1050 mm 1070 mm

D Chieu cao yen 745 mm 755 mm

E Khoang cach truc banh xe 1240 mm 1280 mm

F Goc nghieng phng truc lai 26,50

250

G o lech phng truc lai 100 mm 112 mm

H Khoang sang gam xe 130 mm 135 mm

HNH 1-2 KCH THC XE YAMAHA MIO

G AE

DC

B

F




13/197

- 6

1. Chieu dai 5. Khe h vi mat at2. Chieu rong 6. Goc phuoc trc3. Chieu cao 7. Vet quet4. Khoang cach 2 banh xe

HNH 1 - 3 KCH THC C BAN XE GAN MAY




14/197

- 7-

CHNG II

KHAI NIEM VE ONG C

I.KHAI NIEM VA PHAN LOAI:

Tat ca cac ong c dung nhien lieu hoac long, hoac ac, hoac the kh e biennhiet nang thanh c nang co the chia thanh hai loai ln: ong c ot ngoai va ong cot trong.

ong c ot ngoai: Nhien lieu ot ngoai xylanh nh trng hp ong cchay bang hi nc, ot than cui noi sot de lay hi nc, dung ap suat hi nc aypt - tong van chuyen.

ong c ot trong: Nhien lieu ot chay trong long xylanh xong gian n ay pttong van chuyen nh ong c chay bang xang, dau can hay gaz.

a so xe gan may eu dung nhien lieu xang va ong c c phan lam 2 loai la 4th va 2 th nh a e cap trc ay.

II. ONG C 4 TH:1. Cau tao tong quat:ong c xe gan may 4 th nh Future, Dream, Viva, Nouvo Co nhng c cau va

he thong chnh sau ay:

a. C cau cot may, thanh truyen (truc khuyu tay bien):Dung e thc hien chu trnh cua ong c, bien chuyen ong len xuong cua pt -

tong thanh chuyen ong xoay tron cot may. C cau nay gom co:

Cac chi tiet co nh: Catte, khoi xylanh, nap quylat. Cac chi tiet di ong: pt - tong, xec - mang, thanh truyen (tay bien) cot may,

banh trn (volant).

b. C cau phan phoi kh:Dung e hut hoa kh vao xylanh, thai kh chay ra ngoai ung luc ung th. C cau

nay gom: banh xe rang cot may (nhong chia th), xch cam, banh xe rang cam, cot cam,co mo, xu - pap hut, xu - pap thoat va cac chi tiet phu thuoc.

c. He thong nhien lieu:Tao mot t lehoa kh (xang + gio) thch hp tuy theo yeu cau hoat ong cua ong

c. He thong nay gom: Thung xang, khoa xang, loc xang, ong dan xang, loc gio, boche hoa kh (bnh xang con), ong thoat. Ngoai ra con co he thong phun xang s dungtren cac xe tay ga i mi nh Honda SH 150.




15/197

- 8-

d. He thong anh la:Dung e tao tia la ien cao the nhay sang hay chau bugi ot chay khoi hoa kh

a c ep nong xong gian n roi sinh cong. He thong anh la gom 3 loai:

He thong anh la ien t: dung cac xe i cu en i 80. He thong anh la accu: dung tren cac xe moto, cac xe oto en i 80, cac xe

gan may co e i cu nh: cub 78, 79, Honda 90, 125

He thong anh la ien t: con goi la anh la IC, anh la CDI, c sdung tren cac i xe 81 tr ve sau nay co e cung nh khong co e

e. He thong lam trn:Dan dau boi trn en cac chi tiet co xat, e giam ma sat. Ha thap nhiet o cac chi

tiet ong c b ot nong trong qua trnh lam viec e tang tuoi tho va cong suat ong c.He thong nay gom catte dau, cac ng dan dau, bm dau. Cac canh toa nhiet uc lienvi xylanh, quylat.

f. He thong lam mat:Co nhiem vu rut nhiet o kh chay truyen cho xylanh, quylat va truyen cho moi

trng xung quanh. Co 2 cach lam mat:

Lam mat bang gio ap dung hau het cac xe Honda, Yamaha, Suzuki. . . Lam mat bang chat long ap dung cho cac xe moto, tay ga: Honda Click,

Yamaha Exciter .. .

HNH 2 1 CAU TAO TONG QUATONG C 4 TH




16/197

- 9-

2. nh ngha cac danh t:a. T iem:iem di chuyen cuoi cung cua pt - tong, tai iem nay pt - tong

thay oi chieu chay. Ta co hai t iem:

T iem thng (TT):La iem di chuyen tren cung cua pt - tong. T iem ha (TH):iem di chuyen di cung cua pt - tong.b. Khoang chay: La khoang cach cua 2 t iem, thng tnh bang mm. Ky hieu

C.

c. Long xylanh: ng knh o c pha trong long xylanh, thng tnh bangmm. Ky hieu D.

d. The tch xylanh: The tch tao ra bi s di chuyen cua pt - tong trong motkhoang chay. (o la the tch not khoi hnh tru ng knh la long xylanh va chieu caola khoang chay). c tnh bang cm3 (cc) hay cubic Inch. K hieu V tnh theo congthc:

: 3.14

D : ng knh xylanh

C : Khoang chay

e. The tch phong no: The tch con lai luc pt - tong TT, c gii han biau pt - tong thanh xylanh va nap quylat. Ky hieu v

f. Phan so ep: Con goi la t so nen, la t so gia tch toan bo (V + v) tren the tchphong no. ky hieu tnh theo cong thc:

V : The tch xylanh

v : The tch phong no

V du: T so nen 7/1 co ngha la pt - tong hut vao xylanh 7 phan hoa kh ma khiep lai ch con mot phan. Tren xe gan may t so nen:

oi vi ong c 2 th: : 6:18:1 oi vi ong c 4 th: : 8:111:1g. Th:La s tac dung cua khoi hoa kh oi vi mot khoang chay (na vong quay

cot may).

h. Chu ky:La toan the nhng s thay oi ve ap suat, nhiet o, the tch cua motkhoi hoa kh t khi hut vao xylanh cho en luc thanh kh chay thai ra ngoai.

xD V = x C

4

=v

V + v




17/197

- 10-

3. Nguyen ly lam viec:a. Theo chu ky ly thuyet: e hoan thanh mot chu ky, ong c 4 th phai vanchuyen qua 4 th lien tiep o la: Th hut:Ta quay cot may pt - tong t TT di chuyen xuong TH tao ap thap

pha sau no. Nh he thong phan phoi khi cam oi xu - pap hut m hoa kh c hut vaolong xylanh. Khi pt - tong xuong en TH hoa kh vao ay xylanh, xu - pap hut onglai.

Th ep(nen):Pt - tong tiep tuc di chuyen chay tr len TT, luc nay hai xu -pap eu ong nen pt - tong ep hoa kh a hut vao th trc. Khi pt - tong len en TTth ap lc trong xylanh khoang t 8 10 kg/cm2, nhiet o loi 3000C.

Th no gian:Khi pt - tong len en TT nh he thong anh la tia la iennet bugi, ot chay hoa kh va b ep nong. Hoa kh boc chay rat nhanh, ap lc lenen 30 35 kg/cm2, nhiet o loi 20000C, pt - tong b ay xuong rat nhanh do s giann cua kh chay. o la th phat ong.

Th thoat: Luc pt - tong ay xuong TH do quan tnh cua banh trn pt - tongtiep tuc i len, cam thoat oi xu - pap thoat mra e kh chay tuong ra ngoai. Khi pt -tong en TT th xylanh sach kh chay xu - pap thoaut ong lai. Khi pt - tong bat aui xuong th xu - pap hut lai m ra e khi s mot chu ky khac.

Tom lai s d goi la ong c 4 th v muon lam xong mot chu ky pt - tong lenxuong 4 lan cot cam quay 2 vong, cot may quay mot vong.

HNH 2 - 2 CAC DANH T KY THUAT




18/197

- 11-

b. Theo chu ky thc te:Theo chu ky ly thuyet tren moi th khi s ngay t iem va cung cham dt

ngay t iem. Khi s tnh t luc xu - pap bat au m, cham dt tnh luc xu - pap vaong kn. V du: Th hut khi s TT va cham dt TH. Neu ong c hieu chnhnh the se mat i 30% cong suat. V vay nen thc te ta ap dung chu ky thc hanh.iem khac nhau c ban gia chu ky ly thuyet va thc te la chu ky thc te cac th khi

s hoac cham dt trc hoac sau t iem vi muc ch cho hoa kh hut vao xylanh ayu hn va kh chay thoat ra ngoai mot cach tron ven.

Chu ky thc te tuy theo loai ong c, nha che tao thiet ke khac nhau. V du oivi ong c xe Honda S50 ap dung chu ky thc te sau ay:

Th hut:Xu - pap hut m sm trc TT va ong tre hn 300sau TH. S msm va ong tre co muc ch lam cho xylanh c hoan toan ay u hoa kh. Nh vaytieng no mi manh c.

Th nen:Khi s khi xu - pap hut va cham dt trc TT loi 150luc ay buginet la. Ta goi o la s anh la sm.

NENHUT

NO

HNH 2 3 THEO CHU KY LY THUYET

XA




19/197

- 12-

C50, C65 S50, S65

HNH 2 4 GOC O PHAN PHOI KH XE HONDA

1.T iem thng 2. T iem ha 3. Th hut 4. Th ep 5. Th gian no 6. Th thoat7. Goc anh la sm

Th no:Tia la ien net bugi ot chay hoa kh rat nhanh (loi 1/200 giay) saukhi chay xong gian n ay pt - tong xuong TH. Khi pt - tong con loi 400en TT xupap thoat m.

Th xa:Xu - pap thoat m sm 400trc TT, kh chay tuon ra ngoai 1 phanln trong luc pt - tong chay xuong, pt - tong chay len kh chay tiep tuc tuon ra ngoai.Xu - pap thoat ong tre loi 50khi pt - tong qua khoi TT e kh chay co th gi ra hettrong xylanh. Tai thi iem nay ta thay hut m sm 50trong luc xu - pap thoat chaong ta goi la 2 xu - pap ci nhau (trong khoang thi gian rat ngan ay kh chay khongu thi gian doi lai bo che hoa kh).

Theo chu ky thc hanh ta thay rang:

Xu - pap hut ong tre 300trong luc pt - tong t TH i len nhng hoa kh khongb ay tr ve bo che hoa kh la do:

Ap suat trong xylanh luc nay nho hn ap suat kh tri. Mac dau pt - tong i len nhng cot may quay nhanh trn hut van con manh. gan t iem ta quay cot may i mot cung dai nhng pt - tong ch i mot

oan ngan.

Xu - pap thoat m sm 400 trc TH lam th no gian khong tron ven nhngkhong anh hng en cong suat la v xu - pap thoat m sm mat i mot phan hieu suatnhng c bu lai trong luc pt - tong chay len khong b can bi sc oi ap cua kh chay,nh vay ma cong suat ong c tang len.




20/197

- 13-

III. ONG C 2 TH:1. Cau tao tong quat:Cac xe gan may dung ong c 2 th nh: Suzuki Sport, Yamaha, Kawasaki

Mot ong c 2 th gom cac chi tiet va he thong sau:

Chi tiet co nh: catte, xylanh, quylat. Chi tiet di ong: pt - tong, xec - mang, thanh truyen, cot may, banh trn. He thong nhien lieu (Tng t nh ong c 4 th). He thong anh la (Tng t nh ong c 4 th). He thong lam mat (Tng t nh ong c 4 th).aciemcautao:

Xylanh: Co 3 lo, khoang 8/10 khoang chay xuong la lo thoat e bat ong thoat.oi dien va thap hn mot chut la lo nap thong vi catte, di cung la lo hut e bat boche hoa kh.

Pt - tong: oi vi ong c xa thng co mot cai bu tren au cong dungcho hoa kh t catte len khong theo lo thoat ra ngoai.

Catte: Phai nho va that kn v pt - tong trong luc chay xuong se ep hoa kh catte a len xylanh. Nh vay he thong phan phoi kh xe 2 th tuy thuoc vao v tr cuapt - tong ong m cac lo xylanh va catte kn.

Van chuyen theo chu trnh ly thuyet

Van chuyen theo chu trnh thc te

HNH 2-5 CHU KY LY THUYET VA THC HANH ONG C 4 TH




21/197

- 14-

Rieng xe Yamaha, Vespa, xe 2 th i mi xylanh ch co 2 lo la thoat va lo nap.Con lo hut c bo tr catte va ong m nh a hut (quat xang) hoac ma cot may. xe Yamaha th a hut m khi pt - tong cach TT 720 va ong lai sau khi qua khoiTT 540. xe Bridgestone da hut se m khi pt - tong cach TT 720va ong lai saukhi qua khoi 490. xe Vespa th lo hut m ong tuy thuoc v tr ma cot may. Xe 2 thi mi lo hut bo tr catte c ieu khien ong m nh li ga (van mot chieu).

V dung catte e ep hoa kh do o tren ong c 2 th khong o nht vao catte, elam trn bang cach pha nht vao xang vi t le khoang 2 5 %, luc van chuyen hinht se chui vao cac khe h e lam trn cac chi tiet.

Lu y:ong c 2 th catte khong kn nh phot mon, em khong kn, siet vt gicatte may khong chat ong c se khong no c mac dau tat ca cac chi tiet con lai eutot.

B

A

HNH 2 6 PHAN LOAI LC O MAY 2 TH

A: Loai BCHK rap xylanh

B: Loai BCHK rap catte




22/197

- 15-

2. Van chuyen:

Muon lam xong mot chu ky ong c 2 th trai qua 2 gian oan (2th) sau:

Th th 1:Pt - tong t TH len TT

Pha tren pt - tong:Lo nap va thoat m, hoa kh catte nap vao th trc tieptuc nap vao xylanh. Kh chay tiep tuc thoat ra ngoai (hnh A). Khi lo thoat va nap ong,pt - tong bat au ep hoa kh trong long xylanh (hnh B).

Pha di pt - tong:Tao mot ap thap trong catte, hut hoa kh bnh xang convao catte.

Th th 2:Pt - tong t TT xuong TH.

Khi pt - tong len en TT th ap lc trong xylanh t 6-8 kg/cm 2nhiet o loi 2800C, nh he thong anh la tia la ien net bugi ot chay hoa kh a ep nong xong giann ay pt - tong i xuong (hnh C). Khi pt - tong di chuyen xuong 8/10 khoang chay lothoat m kh chay tuong ra ngoai, ke en lo nap m hoa kh ep di pt - tong luc chayxuong theo lo nap vao xylanh (hnh D). Khi pt - tong xuong en TH nh quan tnh

banh trn pt - tong lai chay tr len va mot chu ky khac tai dien.

AD

Chay

C

Nen

BHt

XaKh chyNp

Xa

Ho kh catte

Thot

Np

HNH 2 - 7NGUYEN TAC VAN HANH CUA ONG C 2 TH




23/197

- 16-

HNH 2-8 GIN PHN PHI KH NG C 2 TH

Nh vay s d goi la ong c 2 th bi v muon lam xong mot chu ky pt - tong lenxuong 2 lan cot may quay 1 vong.

IV. SO SANH ONG C 2 TH VA ONG C 4 TH:

1. Tien li: ong c 2 th n gian hn ong c 4 th v khong co xu - pap va cac bo phan

ieu khien xu - pap nh xch cam, cot cam, co mo.

Chay em hn ong c 4 th v khong co tieng keu ong m xu - pap va cac ccau phu thuoc.

Quay eu vong hn ong c 4 th v moi vong quay la mot th pha t ong conong c 4 th 2 vong quay mi co mot th phat ong.

Cung mot cong suat: may 2 th nhe hn may 4 th va t bo phan hn. Khong can phai co th lanh nghe e hieu chnh xu - pap, can cot cam.2. Bat tien: Cung mot c may (cung ng knh, khoang chay, t so nen) ong c 2 th

tieu thu nhieu xang hn ong c 4 th va co hieu suat nho hn. V du: Cung mot c,ong c 4 th co 10 ma lc th ong c 2 th phai co20 ma lc. Nhng thc te ch co15

ma lc.S giam cong suat ay la do cac nguyen nhan sau:

S can thiet phai m sm lo thoat 8/10 khoang chay xuong lam cho s gian nkh chay khong tron ven.

Mot phan hoa kh se b chay loi ra ngoai v 2 lo thoat nap cung m. Dung pt - tong e ep hoa kh catte lam giam bt mot phan cong suat ong

c.

V hng ly do va ke tren nen ong c 2 th ch c ap dung mot so ong c co

cong suat nho nh xe gam may.




24/197

- 17-

HNH 2-9 NG C 2 THLOI XNG NHT RING

Thung nht

Bo che

Bm

Van kiem tra

Ong nap

Loc nht

Thung xang

V du: AC TNH KY THUAT CUA VAI LOAI ONG C THONG DUNG

Hiu xe

ng

knhxylanhmm

Khong

chy pt -tngmm

Th tchxylanh

ccPhn snn

HONDA C50HONDA C65VESPA 150YAMAHA 125HONDA SS50

NOUVOMIOSIRIUS V

SUZUKI 100ATTILAATTILA VICTORIAJUPITERVMAXIMOCLASSICOKYMCO ZING 150JOCKEY SR 125SOLONA 125LIFAN (GM 110)HONDA @ 150HONDA @ 125

3944575639505049

5152.452,4515050

57,452,452,452,458

52,4

41,441,45750

41,457,957,954

48,857,857,854

57,957,957,857,857,849,557,857,8

4963

145,4512349

113,7113,7102

90124,6124,6110,3113,7113,7150

124,6125107153125

8,8 :18,8 :16,8 :16,8 :19,5 :18,8 :18,8 :19,0 :1

9,3 :110,1 :110,1 :19,3 :18,8 :18,8 :19,5 :19,9 :19,2 :19,0 :111 :111 :1




25/197

-18-

CHNG III

CAC CHI TIET CUA ONG C

A.CAC CHI TIET CO NH

I. NAP MAY (nap quylat, dan au):

1. Cong dung va cau tao:

Nap may la mot chi tiet ay kn pha tren khoi xylanh nh mot cai em (joint)bang kim loai hoac bang amiang boc kim loai. No c siet ep cng vao xylanh nhcac con gurong lap catte va ai oc.

Mat tiep xuc vi xylanh c bao rat phang, pha trong trung xuong cung vi aupt - tong tao thanh buong ot trong, ni ay co khoan lo ven rang e lap bugi. Xung

quanh nap may co uc cac canh tan nhiet e gia tang dien tch lam mat.Nap may ong c hai th ch co mot lo e van bugi, oi luc co gan them xu - pap

e xa hi nen cho nhe khi phat hanh hay tat may. Nap may cua ong c bon th ngoailo van bugi con co lo e gan xu - pap xa, xu - pap hut va cac c cau cua he thong phanphoi kh nh cot cam, co mo, sen cam. . .

Xet ve phng dien cau tao kim loai ta chia ra thanh hai loai:

Nap may bang gang:Nap may nay tien li la t bien dang nhng gang truyennhiet kem nen khong dung cho cac ong c co t so nen cao. No ch dung cho cac ongc co t so nen khoang 6,5 :1.

Nap may bang nhom:Truyen nhiet nhanh, mau nguoi, nen co the ap dung chocac ong c co t so nen cao, lam tang hieu suat ong c, nhng nhom hay bien dangva de cong, venh.

2. Phng phap thao rap nap may:

Khong nen thao nap may trong luc ong c con nong v lam nh the de bcong, venh.

Khi thao nap may au tien ni long 4 ai oc oi xng nhau, xong roi mi mhet ai oc ra. Neu em nap may la loai tot khong nen boi keo (hermatic) len em ma chcan boi mot lp m mong. Neu boi keo khi thao ra se h khong s dung lai c.

Khi lap nap may phai xiet oi xng nhau, lam nhieu lan va ung sc siet annh.

II. XYLANH:

1. Cong dung, cau tao:

Xylanh la mot chi tiet e pt - tong di chuyen trong o. No hp vi pt - tong nap

may e hut, ep hoa kh.




26/197

-19-

HNH3-1XYLANHV

AQUYLATXEHONDA

1. Xylanh 12. Ong noi loc gio2. em xylanh 13. Lo xo gi ong noi3. Quylat 14. Ong noi bo che hoa kh4. em quylat 17.25.26.27. Vt5. Nap ay 4 lo 18.19.22. Long en6. Nap canh bm 21. em cao su7. Nap tron 24. Chot nh v8. ai oc ay lo chnh xu - pap 28.29. ai oc9.10.11.15.20. em kn 16. Kep gi day

oi vi cac ong c xa xylanh uc lien mot khoi, pha ngoai co cac canh toanhiet e tang dien tch lam mat, co khoan 4 lo e xo gurong lap vi catte, nap may.Pha trong c tien tron goi la nong mai that lang e pt - tong di chuyen trong o.

e cho viec thay the ton kem khi xylanh mon khuyet, ngay nay a so xylanheu lam nong ri va ep cng vao xylanh ma ta goi la smi.




27/197

-20-

Xylanh ong c 4 th nong ch la mot ong tru. Vi ong c 2 th nong xylanh cokhoet lo thoat, lo nap, lohut. Rieng ong c 2 th xe Yamaha, Vespa, ong c 2 th imi nong xylanh ch co 2 lo thoat va nap con lo hut bo tr catte. Pha tren xylanh cbao phang e lap nap may, pha di cung bao phang rap vi catte gia co miengem bang amiang hoac giay ba, goi la joint chan xylanh. Ben hong xylanh ong c 4th co d tru cho e cha sen cam, banh long.

2. S mon khuyet cua nong xylanh:

Sau mot thi gian van chuyen, do s co sat gia xec - mang va pt - tong,xylanh se b mon khuyet cac dang sau:

Se b mon khuyet theo hnh bau duc v s e vao long xylanh khi pt - tongchay len va chay xuong.

Se b mon khuyet theo hnh con pha tren mon nhieu hn pha di v chu trctiep ap suat va nhiet o cao lien tuc.

Phan tren cung va di cung khong b mon v xec - mang khong di chuyenen

Khi xylanh mon, pt - tong khong con kn trong xylanh na nen sc nen ong cse giam, may len dau, buong no ong muoi than, may tieu thu nhieu xang, cong suatong c giam, ong c 4 th se thoat khoi trang.

III. CATTE:

Catte thng uc bang hop kim nhom, gom nhieu phan ghep lai vi nhau banginh vt, gia hai mat tiep xuc co em amiang hay giay ba. Tuy theo xe ma cattegom hai phan, ba phan, bon phan (Honda, Suzuki). Phan ngoai cung ben phai la cattely hp, ngoai cung ben trai la catte ay mam la (con goi la catte uoi ca). gia lahai catte so. Gia hai catte co chot nh v.

HNH 3-2 CATTE HOP SO XE HODA

1. Catte so ben phai2.em catte so

3. Catte so ben trai4. Loc nht5.6 Gu rong

7.8. Long en va oc xa nht9.10. Chot nh v

11.12.13. Vt rap catte




28/197

-21-

Catte la ni cha cot may, thanh truyen, bo ly hp, hop so, c cau khi ong. oivi xe 2 th catte cha cot may, thanh truyen oc lap vi catte cha ly hp va hop so vcatte nay dung e ep hoa kh. oi vi xe 4 th cac catte thong vi nhau e nht lamtrn chung cho ong c, ly hp, hop so.

Pha ngoai catte ni bat xylanh c bao phang va co ven rang e gan 4 gurongrap xylanh nap may lai thanh mot khoi. xe Honda sat lo tay phai pha di co khoanmot lo nho e dan nht boi trn len dan au, th sa cha goi lalo ghen. Gia hai mattiep xuc co em bang amiang. Ngoai ra catte con phai d tru cho e lap bac an, bacthau cho cac truc may s cap, th cap va cac truc phu khac.

oi vi ong c 4 th dan au con co catte (nap) 4 lo, nap tron, nap canh bm.

B. CAC CHI TIET DI ONG

I. Pt - tong:Pt - tong la chi tiet di ong trong xylanh. No nhan nang lc cua th no va truyen

cho cot may trung gian cua thanh truyen. No con dung e hut, ep hoa kh, ay kh chayva truyen nhiet cho xylanh.

Pt - tong thng anh bang hop kim nhom thanh mot khoi hnh tru, phan tren kn,phan di rong va pha trong co gan e tang o ben. Mot pt - tong thng c chia rathanh 3 phan:

1.Catte 2. Ban ap oi so 3. Cao su boc4. Vt siet ban ap 5. Phot chan dau cot sang so 6.7. Vt catte

HNH 3-3 CATTE UOI CA




29/197

-22-

au pt - tong: Thng bang phang, mo len hay co bu, e chu ap lc ln tuytheo moi nha che tao. Tren au thng co ghi c (code) pt - tong ang dung va daumui ten hoac ch IN nh v lap rap.

V du: oi vi xe Nhat thng co 5 c (code): standard (STD), c 1,2,3,4 va moic cach nhau 0.25mm (STD; 0,25; 0.50; 0.75; 1,00).

V du: tren au pt - tong co ghi 0.75 co ngha la pt - tong c 3, ng knh no lnhn ng knh nguyen thuy la 0mm75. Dau mui ten thng hng ve pha trc (phaong thoat) hay ch IN ve pha xu - pap hut.

Than tren pt - tong:Co moc ranh xung quanh e lap cac vong xec - mang. Soranh tuy theo nha che tao. Thng xe gan may loai 2 th co 2 ranh, 4 th co 3 ranh.Tren ranh pt - tong ong c 2 th co gan chot nh v (ac go) e xec - mang khongquay tron. Di cac ranh co khoan mot lo e gan truc (axe) pt - tong.

Than di pt - tong: Dung e kem pt - tong va truyen nhiet cho xylanh, thandi thng co hnh bau duc, pt - tong ong c 2 th than di thng khoet trong motlo e hoa kh theo o vao catte. V au va than tren trc tiep vi kh ep va nhiet o caonen bao gi cung nong hn than di nen ngi ta thng tien ng knh than trennho hn than di t 0.03 0.05% ng knh.

Truc pt - tong(axe pt - tong):Dung e noi pt - tong va chan thanh truyen. Conhiem vu nhan va truyen lc t pt - tong qua thanh truyen lam quay cot may. Truc pt -tong thng lam bang thep trui cng gan va van qua khau thau chan thanh truyen va

hai lo khoan pt - tong. e gi cho truc pt - tong khong chay ra ngoai lam tray longxylanh, ngi ta gan hai vong khoa (cirlip) hai au truc tren lo pt - tong.

KCH THC VAI LOAI PT - TONG THONG DUNG

Hieu xe Standard Code 1 Code 2 Code 3 Code 4Honda 70Future, DreamWave

Max

47 mm50 mm52.5mm

53 mm

47.2550.2552.75

53.25

47.5050.5053

53.50

47,7550.7553.25

53.75

47.8050.8053.50

53.80

HNH 3-4 K HIU TREN PT - TONG 0.75 1.00




30/197

-23-

z

VivaSiriusJupiter

53.5mm49 mm52.5mm

53.7549.2552.75

5449.5053

54.2549.7553.25

54.5049.8053.50

HNH 3-5 CAC CHI TIET DI ONG1. Xec - mang 9.Truc tay quay (ac den)2. Pttong 10. Banh xe rang cot may3. Truc pttong (banh xe rang chia th)4. Vong khoa 11. Vong chem5. Thanh truyen 12. Chot Clavet6. Bac an ua 14. Bac an cot may7.8. Tay quay cot may 15. an ua ri




31/197

-24-

II. XEC - MANG:

Xec - mang la nhng vong an hoi bang gang xam hay hat thep mn lap vaonhng ranh pt - tong co nhng cong dung sau:

Lam kn gia pt - tong va xylanh Kem pt - tong trong xylanh Truyen nhiet cho xylanh Gt dau dnh vao long xylanhTren pt - tong ong c 4 th co 3 loai xec - mang:

Cai tren cung tiep xuc truc tiep vi kh chay goi la xec - mang la mat ngoaixec - mang nay co ma Chrome e tang o ben nen co mau trang xung quanh.

Cai th nh goi la xec - mang ep (xec - mang lam kn), hnh dang giong nhxec - mang tren, khong ma, thng co mau xam am.

Cai cuoi cung la xec - mang gt dau co nhiem vu gat dau tren long xylanh ave catte, hnh dang xec - mang nay thng co lo xung quanh.

Cub 81 ve sau xec - mang gt dau gom 3 mieng, hai vong thep hai ben kep giamot lo xo. Do o th thng goi la bo bac 5 la.

Xec - mang c che tao cung c vi pt - tong nen tren xec - mang thng co ghic (code) giong nh pt - tong, luc rap vao nh e mat co ch hng len au pt - tong.

ong c 2 th co 2 loai xec - mang la la va lam kn khong co xec - mang dau vdau lam trn hoa tron vi xang chay thai ra ngoai cung kh thoat.

Do s van chuyen cua pt - tong nen pt - tong va xec - mang di chuyen oi vixylanh, con pt - tong th di chuyen oi vi xec - mang. V vay sau mot thi gian vanchuyen xung quanh xec - mang, ranh pt - tong va canh xec - mang b mon, hoa kh, khchay lot xuong catte sc ep yeu i va nht c a len phong no lam chet bugi mauong chau, phong no mau ong muoi than.

1

HNH 3-6 XEC - MANG 3 LA , 5 LA

2

3




32/197

-25-

III. THANH TRUYEN (tay den):

1. Cong dung:

Thanh truyen la mot chi tiet noi lien gia pt - tong vacot may. Nh thanh truyenva tay quay ma s chuyen ong thang cua pt - tong c tao nen t s chuyen ongxoay tron cua cot may. Khi lam viec thanh truyen nhan lc gian n cua kh chay va lcquan tnh cua cot may banh a nen thanh truyen c che tao bang thep ac biet copha Chrome va Niken hay Vanadium e tang sc chu ng.

Cau tao: Gom co 3 phan:

Chan (au nho thanhtruyen):

La mot ong thep tron ren dnh vao mnh, noi lien vi pt - tong nh truc pt - tong.Gia chan va truc thng co gan mot khau thau, hoac trang mot lp hp kim co xathoac mot vong bi ua kim (Yamaha), pha ngoai khoan lo e dau vao lam trn.

Than thanh truyen:

Noi lien gia au ln va au nho, mnh thng co tiet dien tron rong ruot hoactiet dien hnh ch I. Hien nay a so tiet dien hnh ch I v nhe ma van cng.

au (au to thanh truyen):

La mot ong thep hnh tron ren dnh vao mnh. au to c rap vao cot may nhtruc tay quay (ac den), gia au to va truc tay quay la mot vong bi ua. ngoai cokhoan lo e nht vao lam trn. oi vi xe 4 th lam trn bang cach tat nht, cuoi auln co uc them muong tat nht.

oi vi mot so xe moto ln au ln thanh truyen gom 2 phan, mot na dnh lienvao mnh, mot na goi la non c bat vao phan kia nh 2 cay bulong. Trong trnghp nay vong bi ua c thay bang hai mieng bac lot.

Chan

Than

au

HNH 3-7 THANH TRUYEN




33/197

-26-

2. H hong cua thanh truyen:

Sau mot thi gian s dung, do s tac dung cua nhieu lc thanh truyen thng gapcac h hong sau:

Den am: La tam gia au ln va au nho khong song song nhau hoac mnhthanh truyen khong phang. Neu am t th ong c nong may, pt - tong, xylanh b traymot ben, am nhieu th pt - tong ket trong xylanh, khong di chuyen c.

Den khua: Khe h gia truc tay quay va vong bi ua ln hn gii han cho phep.

Ac pt - tong khua: Khe h gia au nho va truc pt - tong ln hn gii han chophep.

Lot den: Dau lam trn khong en c vong bi hoac mat tnh chat lam trn, lamchay vong bi, truc hay au ln.

Tat ca cac h hong tren eu em en tiem chuyen mon sa cha hay thay the goila ep den.

IV. Truc khuyu- banh a:

1. Truc khuyu(cot may):Cot may la chi tiet chnh cua ong c, no nhan nang lc cua th gian n va chuyen

ong thang cua pt - tong ra chuyen ong quay tron qua trung gian cua thanh truyen

Cot may cua xe gan may thuoc cot chap ngha la gom cac thanh phan cua cotmay che tao ri roi sau o ep chat lai vi nhau thanh cot may. Cac thanh phan ay gom:

CotBanh a

HNH 3-8 TRUC KHUYU BANH A

Truc tay quay




34/197


35/197

-28-

Truc tay quay noi lien vi cot may bang hai canh tay quay cot may. Hai au truc cot may, mot au thng co dang con co moc ranh chot clavet

e lap banh a t (volant), au kia e rap banh xe rang ieu khien bo ly hp (nhong

hu) hay bo ly hpoi vi cot may xe 4 th con co banh xe rang cot may (nhong chia th) lap ep

cng mot au truc e ieu khien he thong phan phoi kh. Gia truc pha rap ly hpco khoan lo dau e lam trn bac thau ly hp va ac den.

2. Banh a(volant):Banh a co cong dung tch tr nang lng sinh ra trong qua trnh gian n va

truyen nang lng ay trong qua trnh tieu hao nh hut, ep, thai. Nh co banh a maong c quay eu vong hn giup qua trnh khi ong may de dang ( xe gan may v tayquay cot may co khoi lng cua no chiem 80% khoi lng chi tiet chuyen ong cuaong c cho nen cung co cong dung tch tr nang lng nh banh a). Tuy theo loai xegan may ma banh a con co cong dung khac nh: gan cac phm nam cham e gay ttnh cho he thong ien, gan quat gio e lam mat ong c, gan cam ngat ien dung chohe thong anh la. Vanh ngoai banh a co ghi cac dau:

Mui ten (): ch chieu quay volant. Dau T (Top Death Center): iem chet tren. Dau F (Firing point): iem phat la.

Dau ll: goc anh la sm t ong khi dau nay ngang vi dau khuyet co ng catte.

KCH THC BAC AN VAI COT MAY THONG DUNG

Honda C50: 6304 Yamaha n : 6204

Kawasaki : 6203 Yamaha nam: 6304

Suzuki n : 6003- 6203 Suzuki nam : 6303

C. H HONG SA CHA CAC CHI TIET ONG C1. Kiem tra mat phang quylat, xylanh:

Neu mat phang tiep xuc cua xylanh, quylat b cong, venh sc nen se x ong c se khong hoat ong c hoac c nhng cong suat kem, may nong, hao xang. Ta kiemtra bang cach:




36/197


37/197

-30-

b. Kiem tra xylanh: Mot xylanh co the tiep tuc dung c neu cac khe h controng gii han va khong b tray st.

Kiem tra s tray st co the nhn bang mat thng neu co tray st la do hoacthieu dau boi trn, hoac den am, hoac khe h pt - tong xylanh qua t.

Kiem tra s mon khuyet. Lay tay s vao long xylanh vung CT neu thay codn song hay co chn la a qua mon. Thng khi xylanh mon en noi co chn th taphai xoay nhay code, tc la code 0 len code 2, code 1 len code 3.

Ta cungat( the kiem tra o mon cua xylanh bang cach e xec - mang vao longxylanh. Dung au pt - tong ay xec - mang xuong vung CD roi len vung sat CTneu khe h xec - mang gia 2 vung khac nhau chng to xylanh b con.

o ng knh long xylanh 6 v tr. Neu co v tr nao vt qua gii han, tienhanh len cot thay the bo pttong phu hp hay thay mi xylanh

c. Kiem tra khe h gia pt - tong va xylanh: Thao xec - mang ra khoi xylanh, chui sach pt - tong long xylanh. e pt - tong vao long xylanh, au pt - tong quay xuong di. Dung la c o khe h gia xylanh va than di khe h nay phai nam trong

tieu chuan nha che tao. Thng khe h nay t 0.001 0.005 mmcho 1 ng knh.

Nhng tren thc te t ai o theo cach nay ma la m nh sau:

e pt - tong vao long xylanh, xoay chuyen nhieu v tr a ra trc anh sang.Neu anh sang lot qua nhieu th khe h qua ln.

2 th4 th

nh

Gia

ay

HNH 3-10 KIEM TRA XYLANH




38/197

-31-

Thc la

Xec - mang

HNH 3-11 KIEM TRA KHE H MIENG XEC - MANG

Hoac e pt - tong vao xylanh tha tay nhe neu pt - tong ri t t la tot, neu rit do la khe h qua ln, neu ay manh mi xuong la khe h qua t de b ket may.

Khi khe h qua ln neu tnh trang xylanh con tot th ta thay pt - tong, nhng

thc te thng th ta thay pt - tong mi va xoay xylanh theo code mi cua pt - tong.4. Kiem tra khe h xec - mang:

a. Kiem tra khe h mieng:

Thao xec - mang ra khoi pt - tong, chui sach xec - mang, xylanh, pt - tong. at xec - mang vao long xylanh. Dung au pt - tong ay xec - mang xuong khoang chay. Lay thc o khoang h e gia 2 mieng cua xec - mang, khe h nay vao

khoang 0.15 mm. Neu t hn phai dung giua mn hay giay nham ra lai, neu ln 0.50 mmth phai thay xec - mang mi.

Tren thc te t ai dung thc o khe h ma a xylanh len anh sang va xemkhe h c si toc la c.

b. Kiem tra khe h gia xec - mang va ranh xec - mang:

Thao xec - mang ra khoi pt - tong chui sach se. Lay xec - mang e lng xec - mang vao ranh tng ng. Xoay xec - mang xung quanh ranh xec - mang. Va xoay va quan sat moi v tr xec - mang eu nam lot di ranh va thap

hn khoang 0.25mm.

Cung moi v tr xec - mang xoay t do va van trong ranh. Khe h nay theotieu chuan t 0.01 mm 0.045 mm.

Neu khe h qua t th xec - mang se b ket (dnh) trong ranh, neu ln qua ongc se len dau.




39/197

-32-

Neu pt - tong cu muon dung lai ta phai dung mot xec - mang gay e nao ranhcho sach muoi than trc khi kiem tra. Khong nen dung au van vt hay li ca e naoranh v lam nh the khong nhng khong eu ma con h ranh.

5. Kiem tra thanh truyen cot may:

a. Kiem tra bac an cot may:

Khi bac an con nam trong ong c th ta phai thao catte uoi ca ra. Nam volant lacqua lac lai, len, xuong. Neu lac c, co o r th bac an a mon. Khi cot may a thao

ra ngoai th mot tay gi cot may, mot tay nam ngoai vong bac an lac qua lai xem thr nhieu hay t. Neu bac an b mon ong c chay khong eu co tieng keu, la luc coluc khong, cac chi tiet khac mau mon.

Thng khi thao cot may ra khoi catte. xe 2 th bac an con nam trong catte,neu ra theo la bac an r, noi bac an qua rong. xe 4 th bac an ra theo va dnh lienvi cot may, neu nam lai th bac an r, cot may mon.

b. Kiem tra phot dau:

Tren ong c 4 th phot dau gan ni cot may pha mam la co nhiem vu khongcho dau vao trong catte theo cot may ra ngoai lam t cac chi tiet tren mam la gaypan la. Tren ong c 2 th hai phot dau hai ben cot may rat quan trong, ngoai vieckhong cho nht may lot t catte ly hp qua con co nhiem vu e gi pt - tong that kne luc pt - tong chay xuong th ep hoa kh a len xylanh. Neu phot h ong c chayyeu, hao xang oi luc khong hoat ong c. Ta kiem tra phot phai trong tnh trangsau:

Phot khong c ran nt hay chai cng, phot an kn ngoai cot may, vong ngoaikht vi noi bac an. Neu phot cu cao su con mem tot, nhng om khong kht co the lado lo xo pha trong b gian th ta thao ra cat bt la xo noi lai. Khong c dung vatnhon, sat e thao rap phot. Neu ong c ang hoat ong, thao volant ra neu thay codau mam la chng to phot dau cot may b h, h.

HNH 3-12 KIEM TRA KHE H GIA XEC MANGVA RANH XEC - MANG

Xec - mang

Thc la

Xec - mang

Pttong

SaiPttong




40/197


41/197

- 33 -

CHNG IV

HE THONG PHAN PHOI KH

I.

Cong dung va phan loai:He thong phan phoi kh co nhiem vu ong m cac lo thong vi xylanh e hoa kh

hut vao xylanh va cho kh chay thoat ra ngoai ung luc, ung th.

Tren cac loai ong c 2 th he thong phan phoi kh tuy thuoc vao v trpt - tongong m cac lo xylanh va catte that kn. Rieng oi vi xe Yamaha BS con tuy thuocvao v tr a hut gan cot may vi lo hut ben hong catte. oi vi xe Vespa tuy thuocvao v tr mat hong tay quay cot may vi lo hut gan ben hong catte. Xe 2 th i mnh Honda,Yamaha, Suzuki lo hut bo tr catte ong m nh li ga va ap suat pt -tong luc di chuyen, pt - tong i len lo hut m, pt - tong i xuong lo hut ong.

Tren ong c 4 th he thong phan phoi kh dung c cau xu - pap.

II. Nguyen ly lam viec he thong phan phoi kh ong c 4 th:Tren ong c 4 th thng dung c cau xu - pap treo, xu - pap c bo tr nap

quylat c ieu khien theo cac phng phap:

Cot cam bo tr catte c ieu khien trc tiep bi banh rang cot may ieukhien xu - pap thong qua thanh ay va co mo (OHV).

Cot cam bo tr dan au c ieu khien bi banh rang cam ieu khien xu -pap thong qua co mo (OHC).

Cot cam bo tr dan au ieu khien trc tiep xu - pap.

HNH 4 1 CAC LOAI ONG C 2 THa: Lo hut rap catteb: Lo hut rap xylanh




42/197

- 34 -

C cau nay c dung tren hau het cac ong c xe gan may hien nay gom cac chitiet sau:

Mot banh xe rang cot may (nhong chia th) gan cot may.Mot si sen cam truyen chuyen ong t banh xe rang cot may cho banh xe rang

cot cam.

Mot bang xe rang cot cam gan au cot cam, tren cot cam co hai bu cam,cot cam lap trong hai b cot nap quylat.

Hai co mo gan tren hai cot co mo e ieu khien xu - pap. Hai xu - pap mot cai la xu - pap hut, mot cai la xu - pap thoat gan tren nap

quylat thong vi phong mo nh cac chi tiet phu thuoc nh lo xo, chen chan, chot chan.

Nguyen ly lam viec he thong phan phoi kh ong c 4 ky:

Khi ong c hoat ong banh xe rang cot may keo banh xe rang cot cam quay theonh sen cam. Banh xe rang cam keo cot cam tren o co 2 bu cam quay theo. kyhut bu cam hut oi co mo lam xu - pap hut m ra, hoa kh c hut vao xylanh, cuoi

ky hut bu cam khong oi na lo xo ay xu - pap hut ong la i. 2 th nen va n gian2 xupap eu ong. en ky thoat bu cam thoat oi como e xu - pap hut m ra khchay b ay ra ngoai, en cuoi ky thoat cam khong oi na lo xo ay xu - pap thoatong lai. Vao chu ky ke tiep xu - pap hut lai m ra va c nh the ma he thong lam viec.

OHV OHCCAM IEU KHIEN

XU - PAP TRC TIEP

HNH 4 -2 CAC PHNG PHAP IEU KHIEN XU - PAP




43/197

- 35 -

III. Cau tao cac chi tiet cua he thong:a. Banh xe rang cot may:

Theo chu ky van chuyen ong c 4 th muon lam xong mot chu ky pt - tonglen xuong 4 lan cot may quay 2 vong cot cam quay 1 vong v moi xu - pap ch ong m1 lan. Do o banh xe rang cot may co ng knh hay so rang bang na banh xe rangcot cam.

Banh xe rang cot may c che tao ri roi ep cng vao au cot may, phangoai bac an a so at ben trai cot may.

b. Banh xe rang cam va cot cam:

Banh xe rang cot cam co ng knh ln gap oi banh xe rang cot may clap au cot cam co nhiem vu nhan nang lc t cot may e ieu khien xu - pap ongm ung luc, ung th.

Banh xe rang cam c lap au cot cam nh 2 hay 3 con vt co mot v trthch ng ma thoi. Pha ngoai gan cac rang co mot dau ch O, luc nao dau nay ngayvi dau khoet au quylat th cot cam ang cuoi th ep, hai xu - pap eu ong.

Cot cam lamot cay cot bang thep 2 au tien tron ta hai ben lo cot nap quylat,i 81 tr ve sau hai au ta len bac an co 2 bu cam ieu khien hai xu - pap, cot cokhoan cac lo dan dau boi trn, mot au cot cam co khoan cac lo ven rang e lapbanh xe rang cam. Ngoai ra con mot lo khong ven rang luc ta quay lo nay ngay vi daukhoet au quylat cung la cot cam cuoi th ep.

HNH 4 - 3 HE THONG PHAN PHOI KH VA C CAU CANG SEN CAM

1. Banh rang cot may 2. Banh rang cot cam 3. Sen cam4. Banh dan hng 5. Banh cang sen 6. Banh rang ieu khien bm nht7. Can cang sen 8. Pt - tong 9. Lo xo tang 10.Oc ay pha di 11. Van mot chieu




44/197


45/197


46/197

- 38 -

1

23

4

5

67

8

3

1. Khau mot chieu cot camcam2. Chot chan cam nho3. Lo rap vao ac co4. Mau can5. Chieu quay cot cam6. Lo xo e mau can7. Khung la thep8. Cot cam

HNH 4 - 6 C CAU CHONG XOAY COT CAM AU QUYLAT

Nguyen ly lam viec:

Khi tat may volant quay theo quan tnh roi mi dng han va thng trc khi dnghan volant b tra ngc lai do th ep, khi volant quay ngc lai th khau mot chieu quaytheo, cam nho khau mot chieu ieu khien xu - pap thoat m. Gap trng hp tra laimanh cam nho khau mot chieu se ep lo xo, mau can a len va cot cam b dng lai vsc can cua lo xo mau can. Do o khi ngng lai xu - pap thoat luon m. V vay khiong nhe de dang. ay la ky thuat mi ma cac xe khac khong co.

HNH 4 - 5 AU QUY LAT XE DREAM

1. Cot cam2.3. A co mo4. Bac an cot may.5. Xu - pap6. Ong kem xu pap7. Lo xo xu pap8. Mo chan co lo xo9. Cam nho mot chieu10. Khung rap mau can

12

2

3

4

567

8 109




47/197


48/197

- 40 -

IV. C cau cang sen cam:

Thiet b cang sen cam se khac phuc o chung trong sen cam. Ngay nay hau hetcac thiet b cang sen cam c s dung e ieu chnh o chung sen mot cach t ong.

Hoat ong:

Khi co o chung trong sen cam,dau nht trong buong thuy lc i quakhe h gia vien bi thep vamat ta cuano nen ay tru trt di chuyen len trenay can cang sen cam e khac phuc ochung.

Khi can cang sen cam ay vao trutrt, tru trt di chuyen xuong lam chovien bi ta vao mat ta cua no ong laikhe h nen dau nht khong quay tr vebuong thuy lc c. Tru trt khongthe b ay xuong. Do o viec cang sencam c duy tr.

Thiet b cang sen loai thuy lc oivi xe Honda (C50/70/90/100), pt -tong tang thuy lc c ay len nhlo xo ay can cang sen cam thong quatru trt. Trong pt - tong tang phatren buong thuy lc bo tr van motchieu, van nay gom co mot vien bi thep

va mat ta cua no. Nh van mot chieudau nht lam trn ong c vao ay quavan mot chieu (bi kiem tra).

Loai khoa thuy lc

Can cangcang

Tru trt

Dau nht

Bi thep

Lo xo

Buong thuythuy




49/197

- 41 -

HNH 4 - 8 CAC LOAI KHOA THUY LC

Kieu vt chu tai lo xo Kieu ieu chnh c kh

Ngoai ra con co c cau cang sen cam cac dang khac:

IV.ieu chnh sa cha he thong phan phoi kh:1. Rap da hut vao cot may xe Yamaha va Bridgestones:

Da hut rap vao cot may co nh v san, tuy nhien neu khong e y ta se rap lon1800(na vong) va rap nh sau:

Quay cot may e pt - tong len TT. Rap da hut vao cot may, xoay da hut the nao e da hut khong ay lo hut.




50/197

- 42 -

Lap nhong cam 1, sen cam 2 Xoay cot may theo chieu kim

ong ho. Canh thang dau vach I (a) tren than

volant ien vi dau co nh(b) tren loc may.

Xa chot nh v nap da hut lien he vi cot may. Rap nap ay da hut lai. Th lai bang cach quay cot may e pt - tong len TT: xo cay van vt vao lo

hut, cay van vt khong b can lai la ung.2. Can cam:

Can cam ngha la at cho cot cam ung v tr trc khi cho no lien he vi cot may.oi vi v tr nhat nh cua cot may cot cam phai v tr tng ng e cho xu - papong m ung luc ung th.

Can cam xe Honda:

Quay cot cam e lo khong ven rang au cot cam ngay dau khoet ni quylat,luc nay 2 co mo cuoi th ep.

Quay cot may e dau T tren volant ngay dau khoet ben hong catte, luc nay pttong TT.

Mang banh xe rang cam vao, canh the nao e dau O tren banh xe rang ngay gia.

Rap au quy lat vao, luc nay 3 lo banh xe rang cam ngay vi 3 lo cot cam.Rap banh rang cam vao cot cam.

Th lai bang cach quay cot may 2 vong e dau T volant ngay dau catte, lucnay dau O banh xe rang cam ngay vi dau khoet tren quylat.

Can cam xe Yamaha:

TF

Banh rang cot cam

Banh rang cot mayDau khoet ni quylat

Dau khoet ni catte

HNH 4 - 9 DAU CAN CAM HONDA




51/197


52/197


53/197

- 45 -

Sau mot thi gian van chuyen do s va dap lien tuc, tiep xuc vi ap suat va nhieto cao xu - pap se b o, ay khong con kn, v vay phai can xoay xu - pap la lam choli va be xu - pap ong that kn.

a. Dung cu xoay:

Lon cat xoay co 2 au, mot ben cat ln, mot ben cat nhuyen, cay xoay, dau nht,gie lau.

b. Phng phap thc hanh:

Cac chi tiet au quylat a thao ri, chui ra sa ch se. Thoa mot lp mong cat xoay len li xu - pap. at xu - pap vao be cua no. Dung cay xoay hay cay van vt e xoay bang cach ay xu - pap len chan

xuong va xoay.

au tien xoay bang cat ln, ke en xoay cat nhuyen va sau cung la dau nht.Muc ch cat ln e pha vet ro, cat nhuyen e lam bang mat va dau nht e cho lang.

Sau khi xoay xong th lai kn bang cach:Chui sach se be va li, dung but ch gach eu xung quanh li, gan xu - pap

vao be va xoay nhe vong, lay xu - pap ra xem. Neu tat ca lan but ch b xoa la xu -pap a kn.

Hoac e hai cay xu - pap vao v tr cua no, van bugi vao, lat nga quylat leno xang hoac dau hoi vao phong no, neu khong tham hay chay xuong la tot.

Hoac lay tay gi xu - pap o xang vao lo hut hay lo thoat, xang khong chayhay tham xuong phong no la tot.

5. Kiem tra cot cam:

Neu cac chi tiet a thao ri th ta chui cot cam va lo cot sach se, lap cot cam vaolo cot cua no, dung hai ngon tay cai va tro lac nhe au pha gan banh rang cam.

Neu cot cam gan tren ong c th ta m catte tron ay cot cam, dung cay van vtnay banh rang cam theo chieu di chuyen cua pt - tong. Neu thay ruc rch th phai ong

lai s mi cot cam.




54/197

- 46 -

Truc co mo

Co mo

Be mat trt

HNH 4 - 11 TRUC VA CO MO

Theo ch dan o r cua cot cam va lo cot khong qua 0.2mm ln hn se co tiengkeu khi van ong.

6. Kiem tra ong kem:

Neu co dung cu o nh so ke chang han th at vao hong uoi xu - pap lac qualai. Khe h tieu chuan gia xu - pap va ong kem la 0.01mm cho xu - pap hut va0.03mm cho xu - pap thoat. Hoac khe h gia xu - pap va dan hng xu - pap bangng knh dan hng xu pap (a) ng knh than xu pap (b). Neu khe h ln 0.060.08 th phai thay ong kem mi. Goi la ong ght.

Neu khong co dung cu o kiem tra theo kinh nghiem nh sau:Chui sach seong kem, xu - pap. Rap xu - pap vao ong kem, neu dung ngon tay ay nhe ma vao nhela tot. T lot xuong la qua mon. Phai ay manh mi xuong co the la xu - pap b cong.Nang xu - pap len 5mm lac qua lai c la ong kem mon.

7. Kiem tra co mo va cot co mo:

Quan sat co mo neu thay phan au ta vao bu cam co ngan la do lo xo xu - papqua manh. Pha au gan oc hieu chnh xu - pap co lan ngang do cham chen chan lo xola do be xu - pap quamon, xu - pap lom xuong cung co the lo xo qua manh hoac laukhong sa cha.

Lay cot co mo ut vao co mo, lac qua lai e biet o r. o r tieu chuan cua nhache tao la 0.013 0.037mm. Thc te th nh sau: Thoa nht len cot co mo, hng cotxuong at neu cot t ong tuot ra la khe h qua ln phai ong bac thau lai.




55/197

- 47 -

d

a

b

c

HNH 4 - 12 CACH KIEM TRA XU - PAP

a: Chieu dai t do lo xo xu - papb: Chieu dai lo xo xu - pap khi lapc: Lc nen ban au lo xo xu - papd: o nghieng lo xo xu - pap

8. Kiem tra lo xo xu - pap:

Lo xo qua manh se mau mon be, co tieng keu, lo xo yeu ong khong kn. Ca haieu khong tot. Lo xo ln ngoai chieu dai luc t do la 28,1mm, lo xo nho trong 25,5 mm.

Luc chieu dai ngan hn 1y 5 th phai thay hay chem. Theo kinh nghiem khi rap lo xonhng cha rap chen chan ma chieu cao lo xo ngang hoac thap hn uoi xu - pap then luc phai thay hay chem.




56/197

- 48-

1. Quat gio2. Hng i cua gio3. Vo boc hng gio4. BCHK5. Loc gio6. Ong thoat7. Ban ap khi ong

Hnh 5 - 1 HE THONG LAM MAT BANG GIO

CHNG V

HE THONG LAM MAT, LAM TRN

A.HE THONG LAM MAT

I. Khai niem ve s lam mat:Lam mat ong c la rut bt mot phan nhiet lng do kh chay truyen lai cho pt -

tong, xylanh, quylat. Neu khong c lam mat xylanh nong qua lam cho khoi hoa khrut vao b n gian ra trong lng hoa kh b giam theo. Hn the na neu ong c nongqua se gay ra hien tng chay t ong. Khi ong c hoat ong, lp dau nht lam trngia cac bo phan co sat se b chay hoac bien chat lam cac chi tiet may gian n ra boket khong di chuyen c.

Do o e bao am cho cac chi tiet may lam viec bnh thng tang sc ben vatuoi tho, tat ca cac loai hoat ong eu phai trang b he thong lam mat.

II. Phan loai:Tuy theo nha che tao, cong suat va cong dung ong c, he thong lam mat co the

chia ra la m hai loai la lam mat bang gio va lam mat bang nc.

1. Lam mat bang gio:c ap dung hau het cho cac ong c xe gan may. Vi phng phap nay sc

nong xylanh, quylat se toa ra moi trng khong kh xung quanh. Do o muon lammat co hieu qua tot phai thc hien cac bien phap sau :

Gia tang tiet dien lam mat cua ong c bang uc lien xylanh vi quylat nhngcanh toa nhiet.

Dung kim loai co he so truyen nhiet ln nh nhom hay hp kim nhom. Khoi lng khong kh lu thong qua dien tch lam mat phai ln. V vay cac

ong c c e trong, li dung toc o cua xe chay tren ng e lay toc o gio lammat cac canh tan nhiet. oi vi mot so xe ong c boc knh nh: Vespa, Spacy, Attila. .. co trang b them mot quat gio thng goi la ly tam, c gan vao hoac uc lien vibanh trn (Volant) e tang lu lng gio thong qua cac canh tan nhiet.

Nhiet o moi trng khong kh xung quanh thap hn nhiet o lam mat.




57/197

- 49-

Bo ieu nhiet

Thung dtr

Bm nc

Ket nc

Hnh 5 - 2 HE THONG LAM MAT BANG NC

2. Lam mat bang nc:c ap dung hau het tren oto va mot so loai xe gan may co cong suat ln, toc o

nhanh nh xe ua, moto, cac xe tay ga hien nay nh xe Honda Click, Dylan. . .

a. Cau tao:Mot he thong lam mat bang nc gom co:

Ket nc:La bo phan cha ng nc lam mat va lam nguoi nc a b nong saukhi i vao ong c. Ket nc thng co 2 thung nc: Thung nc tren va thung ncdi thong nhau bi nhng ong nho tiet dien det hnh to ong. Mot so xe i mi con cothem thung nc d tr t ong cham nc vao thung nc chnh khi thung nc chnhthieu nc. Trong thung nc rin co chat chong ong, chong soi. nhiet o bnhthng hon hp nay thng co mau xanh.

Bong nc:c uc xung quanh xylanh, au quylat, la ni nc lu thong t ketnc en au quylat va ngc lai. Tai ay se xay ra qua trnh trao oi nhiet.

Ong dan:Dan nc t ong c ra thung nc tren, t thung nc di vao ongc co kha nang chu c nhiet o cao, co the dung ong ong hoac nhom.

Bm:Co cong dung hut nc a lam mat t thung nc di a vao ong c lamcho nc lu thong tuan hoan en cac ng ong va cac bo phan lam mat. Bm ncc ieu khien bi buli quat nc hay banh rang t cot may hoac ieu khien t ong

bang ien thong qua rle nhiet.




58/197

- 50-

Quat: c lap sau thung nc co nhiem vu rut khong kh t trc ngang quaruot ket nc e lam nguoi nc nhanh chong, ong thi thoi gio vao ong c. Quat gioc rap tren mot buli bm nc va quay nh cot may hay c ieu khien t ongbang ien thong qua rle nhiet.

Bo ieu nhiet:c lap gia ng nc t nap quylat ra thung nc, co nhiemvu khong cho nc lu hanh ra thung nc neu nc cha at en nhiet o trung bnhloi 700900C.

ong ho bao nhiet o nc:e giup cho ngi ieu khien theo doi nhiet oong c luc may hoat ong. S kiem soat nay c thc hien bang mot vien nhiet ke.

Mot vien nhiet ke thng co 2 phan:

Phan A gan vao ong c. Phan B la mot ong ho co kim ch lap trc mat ngi ieu khien.

Luc may nguoi mieng kim loai kep gan phan A cha gian n lam cong tac m,luong ien khong lu thong kim loai keo ong ho keo cay kim ve pha C (cool). Khi

ong c nong, cong tac phan A ong lai, luong ien chay qua ien tr R trong ongho lam mieng kim loai kep trong ong ho nong gian ra ay cay kim ve pha H (hot)

Xe i mi ngay nay dung en bao thay cho ong ho bao nhiet o nc (Vd: XeDylan): Khi m cong tac may th en sang sau 3 giay en tat. Khi ong c chay neuen sang th nc nong.

b. Nguyen ly lam viec:Khi ong c lam viec, bm nc quay hut nc t ket nc a vao cac bong

nc xylanh, nap quylat. Tai ay nhiet lng cua kh chay truyen cho xylanh quylatc truyen cho nc lam mat, nc lam mat se nong len qua ong dan nc tr ve ketnc. Neu nhiet o nc thap hn 70oC th bo ieu nhiet cha m nc van lu hanh

43

21 2 3

1 2

3

Khong noi mat

Noi mat6

8

7

5HNH 5 - 3 VIEN NHIET KE VA BO IEU NHIET

1. Cong tac

2. Kim loai kep3. ien tr4. Bo phan ngat ien5. Nc t ong c ra6. Nc tr ve ong c7. Nap8. Hop cha axeton.




59/197

- 51-

xung quanh quylat. Neu nhiet o nc ln hn 70oC th bo ieu nhiet m ra nc se ituan hoan trong he thong ket nc. ket nc co nhieu la tan nhiet, nc nay se clam nguoi bang gio (sc gio khi xe chay hoac quat giogan ong c). Sau o nc laic hut vao lam nguoi xylanh, quylat. Qua trnh lam mat c nh the tiep tuc.

III. H hong he thong lam mat: oi vi he thong lam mat bang gio khong can bao tr qua ang, ngoai viec

lam sach cac canh tan nhiet, thay the chi tiet khac neu canh tan nhiet gay be hn 20%.

oi vi he thong lam mat bang nc:Nc qua nong:

Hien tng nhan biet: Hien th ong ho ,mau sac, gia tr hoac en Nguyen nhan: Thieu nc, thung nc d, bm khong lam viec, can la qua

sm, bo ieu nhiet khong lam viec, t so nen ong c qua cao.

ong c nong thai qua:

La do nhieu nguyen nhan do cac he thong: lam nguoi, lam trn, nhien lieu,anh la, phan phoi kh.

oi vi he thong lam nguoi thng do cac nguyen nhan sau:

Thieu nc thung nc hoac thung nc chay. Cac ong noi cao su noi khong ky. Bong nc xylanh , quylat d. Bm nc khong lam viec. Canh quat lap ngc.

Bm ncng nc tat

Ket lam mat

Van hang nhiet

Nc nguoi

Nc nong

HNH 5 - 4 S O TUAN HOAN NC LAM MAT




60/197

- 52-

Nap bo ieu nhiet khong m.Nc lon nht:

Hien tng nhan biet: Nht co mau cafe sa. Nguyen nhan: S mi (ao nc) b mot, ron quylat thoi, phot bm nc h, ron

xylanh h.

Cach kiem tra bo ieu nhiet:

e bo ieu nhiet trong lon nc (trong lon e nhiet ke). un nc nong t t khinhiet o nc 700C th nap ieu nhiet bat au m, en 800C th m hoan toan.

B. HE THONG LAM TRNI. Muc ch cua s lam trn:Trong ong c co nhieu bo phan van chuyen nh cot may, thanh truyen, pt - tong,

cac banh rang trong he thong truyen ong neu e cac bo phan nay van chuyen tnhien, cac dien tch co sat dan dan se nong len cac c phan se bien dang, ket cngkhong van chuyen c.

e tranh s kien nay xay ra, ngi ta cho mot lp dau nht gia hai dien tch cosat lan nhau e bien s co sat thanh co trt va tang tuoi tho cac chi tiet ong c. Daulam trn ong c co nhiem vu:

Giam s co sat cua cac bo phan. Lam sach cac mat tiep xuc. Lam kn gia hai khe h. Lam mat cac bo phan cua ong c.II. ac tnh cua dau boi trn:oi vi moi loai ong c, ta phai dung mot th dau boi trn thch hp tuy theo s

van chuyen cua cac c phan va theo s ch dan cua nhache tao. S la chon mot thdau boi trn can c vao cac yeu to:

Nhiet o ong c trong luc van chuyen. Cach thc phan bo dau boi trn. Ap lc cua cac c phan co sat.Du trng hp nao, dau boi trn phai ung o long khi nguoi cung nh khi nong

phai gi c o nhn toi a cua no. Ngoai ra dau boi trn con phai:

Khong lon nc, lon axit lam r cac bo phan. Khong lon bui bam lam mon cac bo phan. Khong bien the trong thi gian s dung.




61/197

- 53-

Dau boi trn co nhieu ac tnh trong o co 2 ac tnh the hien tren bao b sanpham: o nht va chat lng.

1. o nht:o long cua nht co ch so t 10 en 140 do hoi SAE (Society of Automotive

Engineers) quy nh: Ch dau that long en that ac

Nht n cap: la nht ch co 1 ch so (Vd: SAE10, SAE30, SAE40) Nht a cap: la nht co 2 ch so (Vd: SAE20W/40, SAE25W/50). nhiet o

thap co ac tnh nh nht 20, nhiet o cao co ac tnh nh nht 40. Nht a cap giupcho xe va no may co the tang toc ma khong s hai may v o nht thch hp, nhieto bnh thng dau c bm len de dang va nhanh chong en cac v tr lam ong. Ratthch hp cho xe phan khoi ln.

2. Chat lng cua dau boi trn:Do hoi API (American Petroleum Institure) cua vien dau mo Hoa Ky nh.

oi vi ong c xang nh xe gan may va cac otodu lch, tai nhe. Chat lng tthap en cao c bieu th bi cac ch SA, SB, SC, SE, SF, SG, SH oi vi ong cDiesel dung cho cac xe tai bieu th bi cac ch CA, CB, CD, CDII, CE, CF4, CF-2

Ngoai ra con co tieu chuan JASO (Japanese Automobile Standards Oganization):

Muon at c JASO phai tng ng SF:

Nht pha xang ong c 2 th co cac cap FA, FB, FC

HNH 5 - 5BIEU O S LIEN HE GIA CH SO SAE CAN DUNGTHEO NHIET O MOI TRNG CUA ONG C




62/197

- 54-

Nht o catte ong c 4 th va 2 th co MA (s dung cho ly hp ngam trongnht ma sat cao)

III. Phng phap lam trn1. Lam trn ong c hai th:

oi vi ong c hai th dau lam trn ong c khong o vao catte v catte dung eep hoa kh, dau boi trn c pha vi xang vi ty le 2 5%, hi nht se chui vao cackhe h lam trn cac bo phan khi van chuyen.

oi vi ly hp, hop so c lam trn bang cach o dau vao catte ly hp (catte lyhp va hop so thong nhau) en mc quy nh (xem thc o dau gan catte hay vt van hong catte ch mc dau). Luc van chuyen cac banh rang se tat nht vang tung toe lamtrn cac bo phan ben trong ly hp, hop so.

Xe 2 th i mi nht pha xang o rieng, xang o rieng. Luc ong c van chuyennht se c dan xuong mot bm dau gan pha ngoai catte di bo che hoakh va bmvao lo hut ni gan bo che hoa kh. u iem cac loai nay la nht c pha vi xangong eu ung ty le, khong co hien tng long nht bo che hoa kh nen lam cho ongc khi ong de dang. Khuyet iem la cau truc phc tap, de h hong.

Thung xang

Bo che hoa kh

Bm nhtThung nht

Ong nap

Van kiem tra

Loc nht

HNH 5 - 6 HE THONG NHIEN LIEU ONG C 2 TH XANG NHT O RIENG




63/197

- 55-

HNH 5 - 7 BM NHT YAMAHA

1.Pt - tong phan lo ra ngoai 2.Cam dnh lien pt - tong 3.Chot ieu khien4.ai oc chnh lu lng rap vi day ieu khien 5.Tay ga6,7.Day ga 8.Hoa kh 9.Banh rang ieu khien10.Bm nht 11.Thung nht 12.Thung xangA. Mach nhtvao t thung cha B. Xylanh bm C.Vo bmD.ng nht dan ga ti BCHK E.Phan di vo bmF.Lo xo luon luon ay cam

Day ga

Day ieu khien nht

Can Air

Bm dau

HNH 5 - 8 XANG NHT IEU KHIEN CHUNG BI TAY GA




64/197

- 56-

2. Lam trn ong c 4 th:Co hai phng phap lam trn: Lam trn bang cach tac dau va lam trn bang cach

bm dau.

a. Lam trn bang cach tac dau:Phng phap nay ap dung tren xe gan may P C, may bm, may phat ien cong

suat nho, toc o cham va thc hien nh sau:

Dau boi trn o vao catte en mc an nh au ln thanh truyen co mot muongnho, trong luc ong c lam viec muong nay se muc dau va tat tung toe len lam trnlong xylanh, pt - tong, xec - mang, rt vao nhng lo khoet chan au thanh truyen,bac an cot may. ong thi dau vang len banh rang cot may, len sen cam theo mot caimang dan dau bang cao su (con than lan) en lam trn truc cot cam, co mo roi ri rtchay tr ve catte. Phng phap lam trn nay n gian khong truc trac nhng kem hieulc oi vi nhng luc xe len hoac xuong doc va cac xe cong suat ln, toc o nhanh.

b. Lam trn bang cach bm dau:

Phng phap nay ap dung hau het tren cac xe hien nay va thc hien nh sau:

Dau boi trn o vao catte en mc an nh c mot bm dau ieu khien bibanh rang bm dau ben trai c cau tang sen cam, hut dau vao catte theo mach dauen lam trn cac c phan co sat.

Dau t catte qua li loc vao bm dau (co cong dung hut dau t catte vaay i).Sau khi ra khoi bm dau chia thanh hai mach:

HNH 5 -9 MACH LAM TRN TREN XE HONDA

1. Loc ly tam bo ly hp. 2. Banh xe tang , 3. Bm dau 4.Loc daudau




65/197

- 57-

Dau ra lo ghen theo ng dan xylanh (lo xo gu - rong ben tay phai phadi)len quylat. en cho catte canh bm ben tay phai au quylat dau theo lo khoang cot cam, vang ra lam trn hai truc co mo cot cam, co mo, banh rang cam, sen camong thi theo pha nay tr ve catte.

Dau theo ng dau re phai theo lo khoan trong catte ly hp ve au tay phaicot may lam trn pha trong ly hp ay dau c loc theo loi ly tam, theo ng daukhoang gia truc cot may lam trn c cau cot may, thanh truyen roi vang ra lam trn pttong, xylanh, xec - mang roi tr ve catte.

ong thi cac banh rang he thong ly hp hop so lam dau vang tung toe e lamtrn cac he banh rang thuoc bo ly hp va hop so.

3

4

5

21 1

HNH 5-10 LAM TRN BANG CACH BM DAU1. Bm dau 2. Loc dau 3. Thung dau4. Loc tho 5. Loc tinh

Nht cha catte Nht cha thung nht rieng




66/197

- 58-

HNH 5 -11 MACH DAU BOI TRN XE GAN MAY HONDAVA CAC XE THONG DUNG

Loc dau ly tam

Li loc dau

Bm dau




67/197

- 59-

3. Cac chi tiet cua he thong lam trn:

a. Li loc:Li loc co nhiem vu loc cac chat ban, bui bam lan trong dau e bao ve bm dau,

lam nghet cac ng dan dau, tranh s mai mon cac chi tiet. Li loc la mot miengli bang ong xung quanh vien nha c gan ben pha ngoai catte hop so ben phaipha trc ng dan dau en bm dau (ngay lo van oc xa dau). Ngoai ra dau con cloc theo loi ly tam trong bo ly hp.

b. Cay tham dau:La mot cay sat hay nha, tren au co gan lien vi mot con oc co cho cam tay em ra hoac van vao cho de, tren cay co ghi lan vach cheo hay vach ngang e ch mc

dau hien co, lan tren ch mc dau toi a, gach di ch mc dau toi thieu. Khi muon odau ta thao cay tham ra lau sach e vao, xong lay ra xem mc dau dnh tren cay thame biet (khong van vao).

Li loc nht

HNH 5-12 V TR LI LOC NHT

HNH 5-13 CAY THAM NHT

1.Mc dau toi a 2.Mc dau toi thieu 3.Cay tham dau

1

2

3




68/197

- 60-

HNH 5-14 BM DAU LOAI TRAI KHE

1.3. Vo 9. Ong lot2.4. em 10.14. Long en5.7. Banh rang trai khe 11. Bulong

6.8. Chot 12.13. Vt

oi vi mot so xe khong co cay tham dau th ben hong catte ly hp co mot con vtvan vao catte (Sazuki) hay mot cai nap o la mc dau quy nh.

c. Banh rang va cot ieu khien bm dau:Banh rang ieu khien bm dau chung vi c cau cang sen cam. Gia banh rang

co khoang lo va ren e rap cot ieu khien bm dau. Cot ieu khien bm dau la mot caycot hnh tru mot au co ren rang e van vao banh rang ieu khien bm dau, au kia cokhoet ranh e an khp vi chot banh xe trong bm dau. Cot ieu khien quay tron trenhai lo khoan catte hop so.

d. Bm dau:Co nhiem vu hut dau t catte a len cac chi tiet can thiet lam trn theo cac mach

dau a co san. Bm dau dung tren xe gan may co hai loai: Bm trai khe va bm roto.

Bm trai khe :Gom mot vo bm bang nhom ben trong co hai banh rang ankhp vi nhau. Mot banh rang quay theo truc ieu khien bm dau, banh kia an khpquay tron tren mot truc khac va quay ngc chieu nhau. Tren vo bm co mot lo hut vamot lo thoat. Khi ong c lam viec hai banh rang quay ngc chieu nhau, c hut tcatte vao lo hut cha trong cac phan lom cua banh rang roi ay ra mach thoat. Ap lcdau thoat ra tuy thuoc vao khe h gia hai banh rang va khe h gia banh rang va vobm va toc o ong c.




69/197

- 61-

Bm roto: Gom mot vo bm bang nhom ben trong co hai roto, mot nam ngoaiva mot nam trong. Roto trong co rang pha ngoai lan trong roto ngoai co rang phatrong. Roto trong c ieu khien bi cot ieu khien bm nht. Mat trong vo bm cod tru hai lo, mot lo hut va mot lo thoat.

Khi ong c lam viec roto trong va di chuyen va lan tren roto ngoai, dau nhtc hut vao lo hut ep t vung co the tch ln sang nho va ay ra ngoai lo thoat. Ap lcdau thoat ra cung tuy thuoc vao khe h roto vi vo va toc o cot iau khien.

HNH 5-15 BM DAU LOAI ROTO

1.4. em 7. Cot ieu khien2.3. Vo 8. Ong lot5. Roto trong 9.10.11. Vt

6. Roto ngoai 12.13. Long en




70/197

- 62-

C.

HNH 5-16 HE THONG BOI TRN SUZUKI VIVA

Loc dau ly tam

Li loc dau




71/197

- 63-

C. H HONG, SA CHA HE THONG LAM TRN

He thong lam mat va lam trn neu truc trac thng lam cho ong c mau nong,

may chay khong vot, hao xang, neu tram trong se dan en ket may, lot den.1. Phng phap kiem tra he thong lam trn:a. oi vi ong c 4 th:Thc hien bang cach:

M nap ay xu - pap hut tren quylat. Cho ong c chay toc o trung bnh. Len ga tang t t toc o xem dau co vang ra lo ay xu - pap hay khong Neu dau vang ra tng tia nho chng to he thong lam viec tot. Neu khong vang

ra la he thong lam trn khong lam viec. Ta phai tm hieu nguyen nhan e sa cha cothe:

Thieu nht. Nghet loc nht. H bm nht. Nghet lo ghen.b. Phng phap kiem tra lng nht ong c 2 th :Neu khoi trang thoat ra qua nhieu la do pha nht qua nhieu.

Lu y:

Nht lam trn co the chui qua phong ep catte ong c bi phot ly hp do o exac nh nguyen nhan ta thc hien:

Khong cung cap nht pha xang, no may, neu het khoi la do nht pha nhieu,ieu chnh lai bm nht. Neu con khoi la do phot cot may pha ben ly hp b mon h,xe co hien tng chay hao nht, phai cham thng xuyen.

2. Dau nht dung cho xe gan may:a. Dau lam trn ong c 4 th: ong c 4 th nht lam trn ong c va he thong truyen ong la mot bi v

catte ong c va catte ly hp thong nhau.

Trc tien theo s hng dan nha che tao.V du:

Xe Honda i cu dung nht SAE 40 API SC.




72/197

- 64-

Xe Honda DreamII dung SAE 20W/40 API SE&SF th ta dung dau a cap chatlng SE & SF.

Xe Yamaha dung SAE 20W50. Xe Suzuki dung SAE 10W40. Neu khong co hng dan cua nha che tao : Xe i cu dung nht ky hieu SAE 40 API SC. Xe t i 81 tr ve sau SAE 40 API SE. Cac xe Dream ve sau SAE 40 API SE(SF).

b. Dau nht pha xang cho ong c 2 th: ong c 2 th v catte dung e ep hoa kh nen khong o nht vao catte ma phai

pha nht vao xang, trong luc lam viec hi nht se chui vao cac khe h lam trn pt -tong, xylanh, xec - mang, cot may, tay den. Nht co the pha thc tiep vao xang vi tyle 2% - 5% nh cac xe i cu hay xang nht o rieng nh cac xe i mi.

ong c 2 th nht pha trc tiep vao xang co the dung SAE30, SAE40. ong c 2 th xang nht o rieng phai dung nht 2T bi v ngoai tac dung lam

trn con co tac dung:

Chong cao sc , mon pt - tong, xylanh, xec mang. De dang hoa tan xang. Khong lam nghen lo hut. Lam sach cac chi tiet trong buong ot.Ngoai ra trong vai nam gan ay vi s phat trien cua cong nghiep hoa hoc tong

hp tien tien cac nha may che tao dau nht a san xuat loai dau nht san pham t daugoc ban tong hp nham ap ng yeu cau boi trn cua cac the he ong c i mi lamtang cong suat ong c, giam lng khoi mot cach ang ke va co mui thm.

Nht lam trn he thong truyen ong (ly hp, hop so) tng t he thong lamtrn ong c 4 th .

3. Thi gian thay nht ong c:Xe gan may mi xuat xng hay xe cu la m may lai chu yeu la thay pt - tong, xec

- mang hay ep den trong thi gian chay ra may, thay nht lan au tien sau 500 1000km. Sau o thay theo nh ky, theo hng dan nha che tao.

Vd: Honda i cu moi 1000km.

Honda i mi sau moi: 2000 4000 km.

Cac loai xe 2 th i cu sau moi: 3000 km 5000 km.

Xe tay ga sau moi: 1000 km.




73/197

- 65-

Tuy nhien ta nen rut ngan thi gian thay nht neu xe thng xuyen s dung trongcac ieu kien sau:

Thng tat may hay khi ong lien tuc.i trong moi trng co nhieu at bui.Thng xuyen chay khong tai (ket xe, en o).Thng xuyen ch nang, van toc cao.Moi trng qua nong hay qua lanh.Tnh trang xe cu.4. Phng phap thay dau boi trn:Dau boi trn sau mot thi gian lam viec se kem tnh chat v the ta phai thay dau

mi. Thi gian thay dau tuy theo nha che tao an nh thng t 1.000 2.000 km.Phng phap thay nh sau:

Cho ong c chay e dau nong de chay. M oc xa dau catte cho dau chay ra het. Neu cac bo phan ben trong catte qua d dau xa ra qua en ta co the ra sach

cac bo phan ben trong trc khi o dau mi vao bang cach:

o dau ac biet ra may (Shell donax F) len ti mc trung bnh, cho ong c chaycham khoang 10 phut xa dau tay ra cho sach, o dau mi vao. Neu khong co dau ac

biet ta co the dung dau gasoil e ra, khong c dung xang hay dau hoi v dau naycon sot lai se lam mat tnh chat boi trn cua dau nht va mau h cac phot chan dau.

Van oc xa nht lai. o dau mi vao ung dung lng va chat lng.5. Phng phap sa cha khi xe b ket may (gp be):Ket may la pt - tong b ket cng trong long xylanh khong di chuyen c xac

nh nh sau:

Trong vong 10 phut sau khi may ngng, ta e chan len gio ap an nhe. Neu apc bnh thng th khong phai gp be. Neu cng ap khong c la xe a b gp be. ay la pan thng xuyen xay ra do cac nguyen nhan sau:

a. Dung xang kem chat lng ket hp vi ngi s dung hay ep ga ep so (nguyennhan nay ch xay ra cho ngi mi biet s dung xe).

b. ong c mi lam may lai con trong thi gian chay ra may ma ngi s dungthng xuyen chay toc o cao.

c. Dung nht kem chat lng.d.

Nghet mach nht.


Thu v

suachuaotoxemay

Documents