Potenziali di Riduzione Standard a 25°CSemi-Reazione E° (V) F2(g) + 2H+ + 2e- <==> 2HF +3.053 F2(g) + 2e- <==> 2F- +2.866 H2N2O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e- <==> N2 + 2H2O +2.650 O(g) + 2H+ + 2e- <==> H2O +2.420 FeO4

2-(aq) + 8H+ + 3e- <==> Fe3+(aq) + 4H2O +2.200 F2O(g) + 2H+ + 4e- <==> H2O2 + 2F- +2.153 S2O8

2-(aq) + 2H+ + 2e- <==> 2HSO4-(aq) +2.123

O3(g) + 2H+ + 2e- <==> O2(g) + H2O +2.070 S2O8

2-(aq) + 2e- <==> 2SO42-(aq) +2.050

Ag2+(aq) + e- <==> Ag+(s) (HClO4 4f) +1.987 NiO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e- <==> Ni2+(aq) + 2H2 +1.930 Co3+(aq) + e- <==> Co2+(aq) (HNO3 3f) +1.842 H2O2 + 2H+ + 2e- <==> 2H2O +1.780 CeOH3+(aq) + H+ + 3e- <==> Ce3+(aq) + H2O +1.715 BiO3

-(aq) + 6H+ + 2e- <==> Bi3+(aq) + 3H2O +1.700 PbO2(s) + SO4

2- + 4H+ + 2e- <==> PbSO4(s) + 2H2O +1.685 Au+(aq) + e- <==> Au(s) +1.680 MnO4

-(aq) + 4H+ + 3e- <==> MnO2(s) + 2H2O +1.679 HClO2 + 2H+ + 2e- <==> HClO + H2O +1.645 HClO2 + 3H+ + 3e- <==> 1/2Cl2 + 2H2O +1.628 HClO(aq) + H+ + e- <==> 1/2Cl2(g) + H2O +1.611 Ce4+(aq) + 3e- <==> Ce3+(aq) +1.610 H5IO6 + H+ + 2e- <==> IO3

- + 3H2O +1.601 Bi2O4

-(aq) + 4H+ + 2e- <==> 2BiO-(aq) + 2H2O +1.590 HBrO + H+ + e- <==> 1/2Br2(aq) + H2O +1.574 HClO2 + 3H+ + 4e- <==> Cl- + 2H2O +1.570 Mn3+(aq) + e- <==> Mn2+(aq) +1.541 MnO4

-(aq) + 5H+ + 5e- <==> Mn2+(aq) + 4OH- +1.507 BrO3

-(aq) + 6H+ + 5e- <==> 1/2Br2 + 3H2O +1.482 HClO(aq) + H+ + 2e- <==> Cl-(aq) + H2O +1.482 ClO3

-(aq) + 6H+ + 5e- <==> 1/2Cl2 + 3H2O +1.470 PbO2(s) + H+ + 2e- <==> Pb2+(aq) + 2H2O +1.460 ClO3

-(aq) + 6H+ + 6e- <==> Cl- + 3H2O +1.451 Au(OH)3(s) + 3H+ + 3e- <==> Au(s) + 3H2O +1.450 Ce4+(aq) + e- <==> Ce3+(aq) +1.440

2HIO + 2H+ + 2e- <==> I2 + 2H2O +1.439 Rh4+(aq) + e- <==> Rh3+(aq) (HNO3 3f) +1.430 BrO3

-(aq) + 6H+ + 6e- <==> Br- + 3H2O +1.423 Au3+(aq) + 3e- <==> Au(s) +1.420 No3+(aq) + e- <==> No2+(aq) +1.4 ClO4

-(aq) + 8H+ + 7e- <==> 1/2Cl2 + 4H2O +1.390 ClO4

-(aq) + 8H+ + 8e- <==> Cl- + 4H2O +1.389 Cl2(g) + 2e- <==> 2Cl-</SUP(aq) +1.358 HCrO4

2-(aq) + 7H+ + 3e- <==> Cr3+(aq) + 4H2O +1.350 HBrO + H+ + 2e- <==> Br-(aq) + H2O +1.331 PuO2(OH)2(s) + 2H+ + 2e- <==> Pu(OH)4(s) +1.325 Au3+(aq) + 2e- <==> Au+(aq) +1.290 PdCl6

2-(aq) + 2e- <==> PdCl42-(aq) + 2Cl- +1.290

ClO2 + H+ + e- <==> HClO2 +1.277 N2H5

+(aq) + 4H+ + 2e- <==> 2NH4+ +1.270

Tl3+(aq) + 2e- <==> Tl+(aq) +1.247 O3(g) + H2O + 2e- <==> O2(g) + 2OH- +1.241 Cr2O7

2-(aq) + 14H+ + 6e- <==> 2Cr3+(aq) + 7H2O +1.232 O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e- <==> 2H2O +1.229 MnO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e- <==> Mn2+(aq) + 2H2O +1.224 ClO3

-(aq) + 3H+ + 2e- <==> HClO2 + H2O +1.214 Pt2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Pt(s) +1.200 2IO3

-(aq) + 12H+ + 10e- <==> I2 + 6H2O +1.195 ClO4

-(aq) + 2H+ + 2e- <==> ClO3- + H2O +1.189

ClO3-(aq) + 2H+ + e- <==> ClO2 + H2O +1.152

SeO42-(aq) + 4H+ + 2e- <==> H2SeO3(aq) + H2O +1.150

[Fe(phenantroline)3]3+(aq) + e- <==> [Fe(phen)3]2+(aq) +1.147 Cu2+(aq) + 2CN- + e- <==> CuCN2

-(aq) +1.120 RuO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e- <==> Ru2+(aq) + 2H2O +1.120 Pu5+(aq) + e- <==> Pu4+(aq) +1.099 Br2(aq) + 2e- <==> 2Br- +1.087 IO3

-(aq) + 6H+ + 6e- <==> I- + 3H2O +1.085 N2O4(g) + 2H+ + 2e- <==> 2HNO2 +1.070 Br2(l) + 2e- <==> 2Br- +1.066 PuO2(OH)2(s) + H+ + e- <==> PuO2OH(s) + H2O +1.062 [Fe(phen)3]3+(aq) + e- <==> [Fe(phen)3]2+(aq) (H2SO4 1M) +1.060 N2O4(g) + 4H+ + 4e- <==> 2NO + 2H2O +1.030

Ir(Cl)62-(aq) + e- <==> Ir(Cl)6

3-(aq) +1.020 H6TeO6(s) + 2H+ + 2e- <==> TeO2(s) + 4H2O +1.020 Pu4+(aq) + e- <==> Pu3+(aq) +1.006 RuO4(s) + e- <==> RuO4

-(aq) +1.000 V(OH)4

+(aq) + 2H+ + e- <==> VO2+(aq) + 3H2O +1.000 AuCl4

-(aq) + 3e- <==> Au(s) + 4Cl- +0.994 VO2

2+(aq) + 2H+ + e- <==> VO2+(aq) + H2O +0.991 HNO2 + H+ + e- <==> NO(g) + H2O +0.990 HIO + H+ + 2e- <==> I- + 2OH- +0.987 Pd2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Pd(s) (HClO4 4f) +0.987 AuBr2

-(aq) + e- <==> Au(s) + 2Br- +0.963 NO3

-(aq) + 4H+ + 3e- <==> NO(g) + 2H2O +0.96 ClO2(aq) + e- <==> ClO2

- +0.954 NO3

-(aq) + 3H+ + 2e- <==> HNO2 + H2O +0.94 2Hg2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Hg2

2+(aq) +0.920 H2O2 + 2e- <==> 2OH- +0.88 N2O4(g) + 2e- <==> 2NO2

- +0.880 AuBr4

-(aq) + 3e- <==> Au(s) + 4Br- +0.858 Hg2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Hg(s) +0.851 OsO4(s) + 8He+ + 8e- <==> Os(s) + 4H2O +0.850 Pd2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Pd(s) +0.830 1/2O2(g) + 2H+ (10-7 M) + 2e- <==> H2O +0.815 ClO-(aq) + H2O + 2e- <==> Cl- + 2OH- +0.810 Ag+(aq) + e- <==> Ag(s) +0.799 1/2Hg2

2+(aq) + e- <==> Hg(s) +0.799 Hg2

2+(aq) + 2e- <==> 2Hg(s) +0.797 Tl3+(aq) + 2e- <==> Tl+(aq) (HCl 1f) +0.783 TcO4

-(aq) + 4H+ + 3e- <==> TcO2(s) + 2H2O +0.782 Fe3+(aq) + e- <==> Fe2+(aq) +0.771 Ir(Cl)6

3-(aq) + 3e- <==> Ir(s) + 6Cl- +0.770 ReO4

-(aq) + 2H+ + e- <==> ReO3(s) + H2O +0.768 BrO-(aq) + H2O + 2e- <==> Br- + 2OH- +0.761 ClO2

-(aq) + 2H2O + 2e- <==> Cl- + 4OH- +0.760 Sb5+(aq) + 2e- <==> Sb3+(aq) +0.750 Ag2O3(s) + H2O + 2e- <==> 2AgO(s) + 2OH- +0.740 PtCl6

2-(aq) + 2e- <==> PtCl42-(aq) + 2Cl- +0.740

H2SeO3(aq) + 4H+ + 4e- <==> Se(s) + 3H2O +0.740

PtCl42-(aq) + 2e- <==> Pt(s) + 4Cl- +0.730

H3IO6 + 2e- <==> IO3- + 3OH- +0.700

Sb2O5(s) + 4H+ + 4e- <==> Sb2O3(s) + 2H2O +0.690 O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e- <==> H2O2 +0.682 AgBrO3(s) + e- <==> Ag(s) + BrO3

- +0.680 O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e- <==> H2O2 +0.68 ClO2

-(aq) + H2O + 2e- <==> ClO- + 2OH- +0.660 Ag2SO4(s) + 2e- <==> 2Ag(s) + SO4

2- +0.653 AgAcetato(s) + e- <==> Ag(s) + Acetato- +0.640 Sb2O5(s) + 6H+ + 4e- <==> 2SbO+(aq) + 3H2O +0.640 Hg2HPO4(s) + H+ + 2e- <==> 2Hg(s) + H2PO4

- +0.636 Te4+(aq) + 4e- <==> Te(s) (HCl 2.5f) +0.630 Pd2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Pd(s) (HCl 1f) +0.623 PdCl4

2-(aq) + 2e- <==> Pd(s) + 4Cl- +0.623 ClO3

-(aq) + 3H2O + 6e- <==> Cl- + 6OH- +0.620 Hg2SO4(s) + 2e- <==> 2Hg(s) + SO4

2- +0.616 UO2

+(aq) + 4H+ + e- <==> U4+(aq) + 2H2O +0.612 BrO3

-(aq) + 3H2O + 6e- <==> Br- + 6OH- +0.610 MnO4

2-(aq) + 2H2O + 2e- <==> MnO2(s) + 2H2O +0.600 S2O6

2-(aq) + 4H+ + 2e- <==> 2H2SO3 +0.600 2AgO(s) + H2O + 2e- <==> Ag2O(s) + 2OH- +0.599 MnO4

-(aq) + 2H2O + 3e- <==> MnO2(s) + 2H2O +0.595 TeO2(s) + 4H2 + 4e- <==> Te(s) + 2H2O +0.593 AgNO2(s) + e- <==> Ag(s) + NO2

- +0.590 RuO4

-(aq) + e- <==> RuO42-(aq) +0.590

H3AsO4(aq) + 2H+ + 2e- <==> HAsO2 + 2H2O (HCl 1f) +0.580 MnO4

-(aq) + e- <==> MnO42-(aq) +0.558

I3-(aq) + 2e- <==> 3I- +0.536

I2(s) + 2e- <==> 2I- +0.535 Cu+(aq) + e- <==> Cu(s) +0.522 Hg2(acetato)2(s) + 2e- <==> 2Hg(s) + 2Acet- +0.511 ReO4

-(aq) + 4H+ + 3e- <==> ReO2(s) + 2H2O +0.510 Ag2MoO4(s) + 2e- <==> 2Ag(s) + MoO4

2- +0.490 NiO2(s) + 2H2O + 2e- <==> Ni(OH)2(s) + 2OH- +0.490 IO-(aq) + H2O + 2e- <==> I- + 2OH- +0.485 AgC2O4(s) + 2e- <==> Ag(s) + C2O4

2- +0.478 Ag2CO3(s) + 2e- <==> 2Ag(s) + CO3

2- +0.477

TeO42-(aq) + 8H+ + 7e- <==> Te(s) + 4H2O +0.472

Ag2WO4(s) + 2e- <==> 2Ag(s) + WO42- +0.466

Ru2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Ru(s) +0.455 H2SO3(aq) + 4H+ + 4e- <==> S(s) + 3H2O +0.449 Ag2CrO4(s) + 2e- <==> 2Ag(s) + CrO4

2- +0.446 Rh(Cl)6

3-(aq) + 3e- <==> Rh(s) + 6Cl- +0.440 O2(g) + 2H2O + 4e- <==> 4OH- +0.401 Tc2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Tc(s) +0.400 (CN)2 + 2H+ + 2e- <==> 2HCN +0.37 ReO4

-(aq) + 8H+ + 7e- <==> Re(s) + 4H2O +0.368 AgOCN(s) + e- <==> Ag(s) + OCN- +0.410 Ag2SeO3(s) + 2e- <==> 2Ag(s) + SeO3

2- +0.363 ClO4

-(aq) + H2O + 2e- <==> ClO3- + 2OH-<> +0.360

[Fe(CN)6]3-(aq) + e- <==> [Fe(CN)6]4-(aq) +0.358 AgIO3(s) + e- <==> Ag(s) + IO3

- +0.355 Cu2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Cu(Hg)(s) +0.345 Ag2O(s) + H2O + 2e- <==> 2Ag(s) + 2OH- +0.342 Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e- <==> 2Hg(s) + 2Cl- (NaOH 1f) +0.342 Cu2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Cu(s) +0.340 VO2+(aq) + 2H+ + e- <==> V3+(aq) + H2O +0.337 ClO3

-(aq) + H2O + 2e- <==> ClO2- + 2OH- +0.330

UO22+(aq) + 4H+ + 2e- <==> U4+(aq) + 2H2O +0.327

BiO+(aq) + 2H+ + 3e- <==> Bi(s) + H2O +0.320 Re3+(aq) + 3e- <==> Re(s) +0.300 PbO2(s) + H2O + 2e- <==> PbO(s) + 2OH- +0.280 Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e- <==> 2Hg(s) + 2Cl- +0.268 IO3

-(aq) + 3H2O + 6e- <==> I- + 6OH- +0.260 ReO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e- <==> Re(s) + 2H2O +0.251 Ru3+(aq) + e- <==> Ru2+(aq) +0.249 HAsO2(aq) + 3H+O + 3e- <==> As + 2H2O +0.247 As2O3(s) + 6H+ + 6e- <==> 2As(s) + 3H2O +0.234 AgCl(s) + e- <==> Ag(s) + Cl- +0.222 SbO+(aq) + 2H+ + 3e- <==> Sb(s) + 2H2O +0.212 Ag4Fe(CN)6(s) + 4e- <==> 4Ag(s) + Fe(CN)6

4- +0.194 SO4

2-(aq) + 4H+ + 2e- <==> H2SO3 + H2O +0.172 Co(OH)3(s) + e- <==> Co(OH)2(s) + OH- +0.170 BiCl4

-(aq) + 3e- <==> Bi(s) + $Cl- +0.168

Pt(OH)2(s) + 2e- <==> Pt(s) + 2OH- +0.160 BiOCl(s) + 2H+ + 3e- <==> Bi(s) + Cl- + H2O +0.158 Cu2+(aq) + e- <==> Cu+(aq) +0.158 IO3

-(aq) + 2H2O + 4e- <==> IO- + 4OH- +0.150 Sn4+(aq) + 2e- <==> Sn2+(aq) +0.150 Mn(OH)3(s) + e- <==> Mn(OH)2(s) + OH- +0.150 Sn4+(aq) + 2e- <==> Sn2+(aq) +0.150 Sb2O3(s) + 6H+ + 6e- <==> 2Sb(s) + 3H2O +0.144 S(s) + 2H+ + 2e- <==> H2S(aq) +0.141 S(s) + 2H+ + 2e- <==> H2S(g) +0.14 Hg2Br2(s) + 2e- <==> 2Hg(s) + 2Br- +0.139 Sn4+(aq) + 2e- <==> Sn2+(aq) (HCl 1.0 f) +0.139 Hg2O(s) + H2O + 2e- <==> 2Hg(s) + 2OH- +0.123 Co(NH3)6

3+(aq) + e- <==> Co(NH3)63+(aq) +0.100

Pd(OH)2(s) + 2e- <==> Pd(s) + 2OH- +0.100 Ir2O3(s) + 3H2O + 6e- <==> 2Ir(s) + 6OH- +0.100 HgO(s) + H2O + 2e- <==> Hg(s) + 2OH- +0.098 S4O6

2-(aq) + 2e- <==> 2S2O32-(aq) +0.090

AgSCN(s) + e- <==> Ag(s) + SCN- +0.089 AgBr(s) + e- <==> Ag(s) + Br- +0.071 Sn4+(aq) + 2e- <==> Sn2+(aq) (HCl 0.1 f) +0.070 UO2

2+(aq) + e- <==> UO2+(aq) + 2H2O +0.062

SeO42-(aq) + H2O + 2e- <==> SeO3

2-(aq) + 2OH- +0.030 Tl2O3(s) + 3H2O + 4e- <==> 2Tl+(aq) + 6OH- +0.020 2H+(aq) + 2e- <==> H2(g) +0.000 CuI2

-(aq) + e- <==> Cu(s) + 2I- +0.000 AgCN(s) + e- <==> Ag(s) + CN- -0.020 2WO3(s) + 2H+ + 2e- <==> W2O5(s) + H2O -0.029 W2O5(s) + 2H+ + 2e- <==> 2WO2(s) + H2O -0.031 Ag2S(s) + 2H+ + 2e- <==> 2Ag(s) + H2S -0.037 Fe3+(aq) + 3e- <==> Fe(s) -0.037 Hg2I2(s) + 2e- <==> 2Hg(s) + 2I- -0.041 Tl(OH)3(s) + 2e- <==> TlOH(s) + 2OH- -0.050 TiOH3+(aq) + H+ + e- <==> Ti3+(aq) + H2O -0.055 2H2SO3(aq) + H+ + 2e- <==> 2HS2O4

-(aq) + 2H2O -0.056 P(s)(bianco) + 3H+ + 3e- <==> PH3(g) -0.063 AsO4

3-(aq) + 2H2O + 2e- <==> AsO2-(s) + 4OH- (NaOH 1f) -0.080

2Cu(OH)2(s) + 2e- <==> Cu2O(s) + 2OH- + H2O -0.090 WO3(s) + 6H+ + 6e- <==> W(s) + 3H2O -0.090 P(s)(rosso) + 3H+ + 3e- <==> PH3(g) -0.111 WO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e- <==> W(s) + 2H2O -0.119 GeO2(s) + 2H+ + 2e- <==> GeO(s) + H2O -0.120 Pb2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Pb(Hg)(s) -0.120 Pb2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Pb(s) -0.126 CrO4

-(aq) + 4H2O + 3e- <==> Cr(OH)3(s) + 5OH- -0.130 H2GeO3(aq) + 4H+ + 4e- <==> Ge(s) + 3H2O -0.130 Sn2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Sn(s) -0.136 Sn2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Sn(s) -0.140 Np4+(aq) + e- <==> Np3+(aq) +0.147 AgI(s) + e- <==> Ag(s) + I- -0.152 CO2(g) + 2H+ + 2e- <==> HCOOH -0.200 Md3+(aq) + e- <==> Md2+(aq) -0.2 Mo3+(aq) + 3e- <==> Mo(s) -0.200 2SO4

2-(aq) + 4H+ + 2e- <==> S2O62- + H2O -0.220

Cu(OH)2(s) + 2e- <==> Cu(s) + 2OH- -0.224 Ni2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Ni(s) -0.230 PbHPO4(s) + H+ + 2e- <==> Pb(Hg)(s) + H2PO4- -0.244 CdSO4(s) + 2e- <==> Cd(Hg)(s) + SO4

- -0.246 V(OH)4

+(aq) + 4H+ + 5e- <==> V(s) + 4H2O -0.254 V3+(aq) + e- <==> V2+(aq) -0.255 PbCl2(s) + 2e- <==> Pb(Hg)(s) + 2Cl- -0.262 PbBr2(s) + 2e- <==> Pb(Hg)(s) + 2Br- -0.275 H3PO4(aq) + 2H+ + 2e- <==> H3PO3 + H2O -0.276 Co2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Co(s) -0.280 Tl+(aq) + e- <==> Tl(Hg)(s) -0.334 Tl+(aq) + e- <==> Tl(s) -0.336 In3+(aq) + 3e- <==> In(s) -0.338 PbF2(s) + 2e- <==> Pb(Hg)(s) + 2F- -0.344 TlOH(s) + e- <==> Tl(s) + OH- -0.345 PbSO4(s) + 2e- <==> Pb(Hg)(s) + SO42- -0.350 SeO3

2-(aq) + 3H2O + 4e- <==> Se(s) + 6OH- -0.350 Cd2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Cd(Hg)(s) -0.352 PbSO4(s) + 2e- <==> Pb(s) + SO42- -0.356 PbI2(s) + 2e- <==> Pb(Hg)(s) + 2I- -0.358

Eu3+(aq) + e- <==> Eu2+(aq) -0.360 Se(s) + 2H+ + 2e- <==> H2Se(aq) -0.360 Cu2O(s) + H2O + 2e- <==> 2Cu(s) + 2OH- -0.361 Ti3+(aq) + e- <==> Ti2+(aq) -0.368 Tl3+(aq) + e- <==> Tl2+(aq) -0.370 In2+(aq) + e- <==> In+(aq) -0.400 In3+(aq) + 2e- <==> In+(aq) -0.400 Cd2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Cd(s) -0.403 Cr3+(aq) + e- <==> Cr2+(aq) -0.407 2S(s) + 2e- <==> S2

2-(aq) -0.428 Tl2SO4(s) + 4e- <==> Tl(Hg)(s) + 6SO4

2- -0.436 Lr3+(aq) + e- <==> Lr2+(aq) <-0.44 Fe2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Fe(s) -0.447 Bi2O3(s) + 3H2O + 6e- <==> 2Bi(s) + 6OH- -0.460 BiOOH(s) + H2O + 3e- <==> Bi(s) + 3OH- + H2O -0.460 S(s) + H2O + 2e- <==> HS-(aq) + OH- -0.478 S(s) + 2e- <==> S2-(aq) -0.48 2CO2(g) + 2H+ + 2e- <==> H2C2O4 -0.490 2CO2(g) + 2H

+ + 2e- <==> H2C2O4 -0.49 In3+(aq) + e- <==> In2+(aq) -0.490 H3PO3(aq) + 3H+ + 3e- <==> P(s) + 3H2O -0.490 TiO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e- <==> Ti2+(aq) + 2H2O -0.502 S(s) + 2e- <==> S2-</SUP(aq> -0.508 H3PO2(aq) + H+ + e- <==> P(s) + 2H2O -0.510 Sb(s) + 3H+ + 3e- <==> H3Sb -0.510 As(s) + 3H+ + 3e- <==> As3(g) -0.540 HPbO2

-(aq) + H2O + 2e- <==> Pb(s) + 3OH- -0.540 TlCl(s) + e- <==> Tl(Hg)(s) + Cl- -0.555 Fe(OH)3(s) + e- <==> Fe(OH)2(s) + OH- -0.560 Ga3+(aq) + 3e- <==> Ga(s) -0.560 TeO3

2-(aq) + 3H2O + 4e- <==> Te(s) + 6OH- -0.570 2SO3

2-(aq) + 3H2O + 4e- <==> S2O32-(aq) + 6OH- -0.571

PbO(s) + H2O + 2e- <==> Pb(s) + 2OH- -0.576 ReO4

-(aq) + 4H2O + 7e- <==> Re(s) + 8OH- -0.584 H3PO3(aq) + 2H+ + 2e- <==> H3PO2 + H2O -0.590 SbO3

-(aq) + H2O + 2e- <==> SbO2-(aq) + 2OH- -0.590

TlBr(s) + e- <==> Tl(Hg)(s) + Br- -0.606

U4+(aq) + e- <==> U3+(aq) -0.607 Nb2O5(s) + 10H+ + 10e- <==> 2Nb(s) + 5H2O -0.640 Ni(OH)2(s) + 2e- <==> Ni(s) + 2OH- -0.660 SbO2

-(aq) + 2H2O + 3e- <==> Sb(s) + 4OH- -0.660 AsO2

-(aq) + 2H2O + 3e- <==> As(s) + 4OH- -0.680 Ag2S(s) + 2e- <==> 2Ag(s) + S2- -0.705 AsO4

3-(aq) + 2H2O + 2e- <==> AsO2-(s) + 4OH- -0.710

H3B2O3(s) + 3H+ + 3e- <==> B(s) + 3H2O -0.730 Co(OH)2(s) + 2e- <==> Co(s) + 2OH- -0.730 Cr3+(aq) + 3e- <==> Cr(s) -0.744 Ta2O5(s) + 10H+ + 10e- <==> 2Ta(s) + 5H2O -0.750 Zn2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Zn(Hg)(s) -0.762 Zn2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Zn(s) -0.763 TlI(s) + e- <==> Tl(Hg)(s) + I- -0.769 Se(s) + 2e- <==> Se2-(aq) -780HSnO2

-(aq) + H2O + 2e- <==> Sn(s) + 3OH- -0.790 Te(s) + 2H+ + 2e- <==> H2Te(g)(Ag) -0.793 ZnSO4.7H2O(s) + 2e- <==> Zn(Hg)(s) + SO4

2- -0.799 Cd(OH)2(s) + 2e- <==> Cd(Hg)(s) + 2OH- -0.809 SiO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e- <==> Si(s) + 2H2O -0.840 P(s) + 3H2O + 3e- <==> PH3(g) + 3OH- -0.870 Cr2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Cr(s) -0.913 SO4

2-(aq) + H2O + 2e- <==> SO32-(aq) + 2OH

- -0.930

Sn(OH)62-(aq) + 2e- <==> HSnO2

-(aq) + 3OH- + H2O -0.960 NpO2(s) + H2O + H+ + e- <==> Np(OH)3(s) + 2H2O -0.962 PO4

3-(aq) + 2H2O + 2e- <==> HPO32-(aq) + 3OH- -1.05

PO43-(aq) + 2H2O + 2e- <==> HPO3

2-(aq) + 3OH- -1.050 Nb3+(aq) + 3e- <==> Nb(s) -1.099 No2+(aq) + e- <==> No+(aq) -1.1 2SO3

2-(aq) + 2H2O + 2e- <==> S2O42-(aq) + 4OH- -1.120

Te(s) + 2e- <==> Te2- -1.143 Fm3+(aq) + e- <==> Fm2+(aq) -1.15 V2+(aq) + 2e- <==> V(s) -1.175 Mn2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Mn(s) -1.185 CrO2

-(aq) + 2H2O + 3e- <==> Cr(s) + 4OH- -1.200 SiF6

2-(aq) + 4e- <==> Si(s) + 6F- -1.210 ZnO2

2-(aq) + 2H2O + 2e- <==> Zn(s) + 4OH- -1.215

H2GaO3-(aq) + H2O + 2e- <==> Ca(s) + 4OH- -1.220

H2B2O3-(aq) + 5H2O + 8e- <==> BH4

-(aq) + 8OH- -1.240 Ce3+(aq) + 3e- <==> Ce(Hg)(s) -1.437 UO2

2+(aq) + 4H+ + 6e- <==> U(s) + 2H2O -1.444 HfO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e- <==> Hf(s) + 2H2O -1.505 Es3+(aq) + e- <==> Es2+(aq) -1.55 ZrO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e- <==> Zr(s) + 2H2O -1.553 Mn(OH)2(s) + 2e- <==> Mn(s) + 2OH- -1.560 Ba2+(aq) + 2e- <==>Ba(Hg) -1.570 Ti2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Ti(s) -1.630 HPO3

2-(aq) + 2H2O + 2e- <==> H2PO2-(aq) + 3OH- -1.650

Be2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Be(s) -1.70 Md2+(aq) + e- <==> Md+(aq) -1.7 Al3+(aq) + 3e- <==> Al(s) (NaOH 0.1f) -1.706 HPO3

2-(aq) + 2H2O + 3e- <==> P(s) + 5OH- -1.710 HfO2+(aq) + 2H+ + 4e- <==> Hf(s) + H2O -1.724 SiO3

2-(aq) + + 3H2O + 4e- <==> Si(s) + 6OH- -1.730 ThO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e- <==> Th(s) + 2H2O -1.789 Sr2+(aq) + 2e- <==>Sr(Hg) -1.793 U3+(aq) + 3e- <==> U(s) -1.798 H2PO2

-(aq) + e- <==> P(s) + 2OH- -1.820 Np3+(aq) + 3e- <==> Np(s) -1.856 N2(g) + 2H2O + 4H+ + 2e- <==> 2NH3OH- -1.870 Th4+(aq) + 4e- <==> Th(s) -1.899 Fm2+(aq) + e- <==> Fm+(aq) -1.95 Es2+(aq) + e- <==> Es+(aq) -1.98 Pu3+(aq) + 3e- <==> Pu(s) -2.031 Lr2+(aq) + e- <==> Lr+(aq) -2.06 Sc3+(aq) + 3e- <==> Sc(s) -2.077 Es+(aq) + e- <==> Es(s) -2.2 1/2 H2(g) + e- <==> H-(aq) -2.23 Ce3+(aq) + 3e- <==> Ce(s) -2.33 H2AlO3

-(aq) + H2 + 3e- <==> Al(s) + 4OH- -2.350 No+(aq) + e- <==> No(s) -2.35 ZrO(OH)2(s) + H2O + 4e- <==> Zr(s) + 4OH- -2.360 Fm+(aq) + e- <==> Fm(s) -2.37 Mg2+(aq) + 2e- <==>Mg(s) -2.37

Y3+(aq) + 2e- <==> Y(s) -2.372 Md+(aq) + e- <==> Md(s) -2.4 Eu3+(aq) + 3e- <==> Eu(s) -2.407 Nd3+(aq) + 3e- <==> Nd(s) -2.431 Th(OH)4(s) + 4e- <==> Th(s) + 4OH- -2.480 Ce3+(aq) + 3e- <==> Ce(s) -2.483 H2B2O3

-(aq) + H2O + 3e- <==> B(s) + 4OH- -2.500 HfO(OH)2(s) + H2O + 4e- <==> Hf(s) + 4OH- -2.500 La3+(aq) + 3e- <==> La(s) -2.522 Be2O3

2-(aq) + 3H2O + 4e- <==> 2Be(s) + 6OH- -2.630 Mg(OH)2(s) + 2e- <==>Mg(s) + 2OH- -2.690 Mg+(aq) + e- <==>Mg(s) -2.700 Na+(aq) + e- <==> Na(s) -2.71 Ca2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Ca(s) -2.76 Sr(OH)2(s) + 2e- <==>Sr(s) + 2OH- -2.880 Sr2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Sr(s) -2.89 La(OH)3(s) + 3e- <==> La(s) + 3OH- -2.900 Ba2+(aq) + 2e- <==>Ba(s) -2.912 Cs+(aq) + e- <==> Cs(s) -2.92 K+(aq) + e- <==> K(s) -2.92 Rb+(aq) + e- <==> Rb(s) -2.92 Ba(OH)2(s) + 2e- <==>Ba(s) + 2OH- -2.990 Ca(OH)2(s) + 2e- <==>Ca(s) + 2OH- -3.020 Li+(aq) + e- <==> Li(s) -3.040 N2(g) + 2H+ + 2e- <==> 2HN3 -3.100 Eu2+(aq) + 2e- <==> Eu(s) -3.395 Ca+(aq) + e- <==>Ca(s) -3.800 Sr+(aq) + e- <==>Sr(s) -4.100