52-03-014_COVER-new14_G.ai 3/15/09 4:11:33 AM52-03-014_COVER-new14_G.ai 3/15/09 4:11:33 AM

52-03-014_INCOVER-new14_G.ai 3/15/09 4:17:13 AM52-03-014_INCOVER-new14_G.ai 3/15/09 4:17:13 AM

6

2552

3 10 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)

52-03-014_001-031 new14_Q.indd 2 3/14/09 4:59:09 PM

10 3 4 5 () 6 7 8 9

52-03-014_001-031_G.indd 3 3/12/09 9:18:48 PM

10

1.

10

2.

12

3.

14

4.

16

5.

18

6.

20

7.

24

8.

26

9.

28

10.

30

52-03-014_001-031 new14_Q.indd 4 3/14/09 2:29:47 PM

10

1. ... 34

2. 36

3. 42

4. ...- 46

5. : 50 ()

6. 54

7. ... 58

8. 54 ...? 63

9. 68

10. : 72

114 122 124 125 125 125 125

4

1. 78

2. 78

3. 79

4. 7 99% 79

80

52-03-014_001-031 new14_G.indd 5 3/14/09 8:57:41 PM

6 1 2 3 4 5 6

6 4 1. 2. 3. 4.

4

2544

52-03-014_001-031_G.indd 8 3/12/09 9:18:49 PM

: WHO. Everybody Business: Strengthening Health System to Improve Health Outcomes: WHOs Framework for Action. 2007. Geneva, World Health Organization.

mn

: World Health Organization 2007.

35

147,837 .. 2538 248,079 .. 2548 3 4

5

4 5

(Primary care) (9,000 ) (700 ) (Tertiary care) 4 5

2 3 30 1 740 1 223 3 200 1 4

52-03-014_001-031 new14_Q.indd 1052-03-014_001-031 new14_Q.indd 1052-03-014_001-031 new14_Q.indd 10 3/14/09 5:24:20 PM3/14/09 5:24:20 PM3/14/09 5:24:20 PM3/14/09 5:24:20 PM3/14/09 5:24:20 PM3/14/09 5:24:20 PM3/14/09 5:24:20 PM3/14/09 5:24:20 PM3/14/09 5:24:20 PM

11

..

2540

2542

2543

2544

2545

2546

2547

2548

2549

2538

2538

2538

2538

2538

2538

2538

2538

2538

2538

2539

2539

2539

2539

2540

2540

2540

2540

2540

2542

2542

2542

2542

2542

2543

2543

2543

2543

2543

2544

2544

2544

2544

2544

2545

2545

2545

2545

2545

2546

2546

2546

2546

2546

2547

2547

2547

2547

2547

2548

2548

2548

2548

2548

2549

2549

2549

2549

2549

2550 ()

53 155

730 730 730

730

730

730

9,762 9,762 9,762 9,762 9,762

69,331 69,331 69,331 69,331 69,331 69,331 69,331 69,331 69,331 69,331 69,331 69,331 69,331 69,331 69,331 69,331 69,331 69,331 69,331

7070

6060

4040

404032.432.432.432.4303026.126.126.1202014.614.614.614.6

(

)

(%

)

60.4

55.6

27.1

60.2

58.958.9

29.3

60.9 ., .., ..

., .., .

57.4

29.8

62.4

43.7

23.0

51.851.8

40.2

20.4

46.846.8

36.7

19.4

44.544.5

(.), (.) (.) (.), (.) (.), (.) (.),

33.941.541.5

29.635.435.435.428.0

2548

120100806040200

66.97.34.012.19.7

30.10.01.76.2

62.0

20.20.40.06.0

73.4

15.40.00.56.1

78.0

11.40.00.04.1

84.5

2547

100

100

30

25

20

15

10

5

1

1 1 1 1 1 1

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200

1 2547

1 2548

1

224-381396-504506-591593-766794-1,135

498

1

740 1

388

1

223 1

498

1 : 2548-2550

: 2548-2550

: 2548-2550

: 2548-2550

: 2548-2550: 2548-2550: 2548-2550: 2548-2550: 2548-2550: 2548-2550 : 2548-2550

2548 1 2,500 2549 50 2545

2547 8.5, 4.4, 2.8 3.6

54

rural recruitment, local training hometown placement 2-4

52-03-014_001-031_G.indd 1252-03-014_001-031_G.indd 1252-03-014_001-031_G.indd 1252-03-014_001-031_G.indd 1252-03-014_001-031_G.indd 1252-03-014_001-031_G.indd 1252-03-014_001-031_G.indd 1252-03-014_001-031_G.indd 12

13

0

1

2

3

4

5

1,000

()

1,000

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000

16.68

(GDP) () (GDP) () (GDP) ()

800-3,3053,306-6,2746,245-9,2729,273-12,300

4,600-8,4328,433-12,27412,275-16,11516,116-19,956

280-652653-904905-1,1561,157-1,408

5,500-15,14315,144-25,76725,768-36,39036,391-47,011

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,0000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000

(GDP) ()

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000

(GDP) ()

2530, 2540 254940,000

35,000

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

0

2542-2548

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

1

19.58

6.86

5.57 5.10

8.76

17.41

25.59 26.00

21.58

9.17

9.37 9.90

10.16

45.03

43.66

2530 2540 2549

5,59

5

3,64

9

2,96

5

36,516

17,711

7,34

0

14,800

10,17

8

7,86

2

1,743

1,073

617

2542 2543 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548

2549

100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%

2547

478

7,77

0

6,93

6

502

1,577

1,349

4,31

9

1,417

1,482

2,17

9

793

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7000

8,000

9,000254125452549

(

)

2541, 2545 2549

: 2545-2547 2548-2550

: 2548-2550

: 2547 2548-2550: 2547 2548-2550: 2547 2548-2550

: World Development Indicator 2002 World Health Report: World Development Indicator 2002 World Health Report: World Development Indicator 2002 World Health Report: World Development Indicator 2002 World Health Report 2006

: 2548-2550

: 2549 2548-2550

(Health Information System)

95.2 1 5 ( 65 )

(Cancer Registry)

(Serosentinel Surveillance)

(health inequity monitoring)

52-03-014_001-031_G.indd 1452-03-014_001-031_G.indd 1452-03-014_001-031_G.indd 1452-03-014_001-031_G.indd 14

15

2513

2518

2523

2528

2533

2538

2543

2548

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Verbal autopsy

Verbal autopsy

5

1,0

00

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 ..

..

l l 2533

2533

l 2543 l 2528 l 2528 l 2538 l 2538 l 2530

2548

Verbal autopsy

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

35

50

2548

Verbal autopsy

100,

00

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

2473

2483

2493

2503

2513

2523

2533

2543

2553

l l (RMOS) l l (UNFPA) l (TDRI)

(UNFPA) (TDRI) (UNFPA)

l (WHO)

3-0-2 4-1-3 11-8-3 2-0-0 11-10-3 10-6-1

3-0-2 4-0-2 12-8-2 2-0-0 12-9-2 11-5-0

3-0-2 4-0-2 10-4-2 2-0-0 11-5-2 11-4-0

3-0-0 4-0-0 7-1-0 2-0-0 9-1-0 7-1-0

: Tangcharoensathien V., et al. 2007.

: Vapattanawong P. 2008

: Porapakkham Y. et al 2008.

: Porapakkham Y. et al 2008.

: Hill K., Vapattanawong P. et al 2007.

5

Verbal autopsy

: : : : : : : : 2

: 2

:

3 2 3 2

254815,799

(CT-scanner) (MRI) (ESWL) (Mammography)

(MRI) 2 3 2 3 (CT-scanner) 2 3 80 (CT-scanner) 2.2 10

52-03-014_001-031_G.indd 1652-03-014_001-031_G.indd 1652-03-014_001-031_G.indd 1652-03-014_001-031_G.indd 16

17

2538-2548

2534-2548

2519-2549

40,000

35,000

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

0

18,000

16,000

14,000

12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0

..

..

..

()350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2519

2522

2526

2527

2528

2529

2530

2531

2532

2533

2534

2535

2536

2537

2538

2539

2540

2541

2542

2543

2544

2545

2546

2547

2548

2549

(CT scanner) 2549

(CT scanner) 2549

(MRI) 2548

115 115 115 115 115

= 33.5%= 33.5%= 33.5%= 33.5%228

228

= 66.5% 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61

= 17.8%= 17.8%= 17.8%= 17.8%= 17.8%= 17.8%= 17.8%= 17.8%= 17.8%= 17.8%

282 = 82.2%

30 30

= 66.7%

15 15

= 33.3%

30 = 66.7%

15

15

= 33.3%= 33.3%= 33.3%

7.4

1

20.5

1

2.9

1

2.2

1

1

18,12

0

15,821

15,821

10,67

69,276

9,276

9,276

9,276

13,46

7

14,14

7

14,23

2

16,70

0

19,96

8

19,86

8 26,02

5 30,54

6

29,70

5

19,60

8

16,12

8

19,03

4

20,99

6 23,08

8

24,14

5

26,58

6 31,70831,70831,708

38,2932538

2539

2540

2541

2542

2543

2544

2545

2546

2547

2548

2534

2535

2536

2537

2538

2539

2540

2541

2542

2543

2544

2545

2546

2547

2547

1 2 3 6 8 915 17 32

3957

99

137

202232

260 272 242266

307 314343

15213913011310111210297

797958

3919191919

2626 30303030 34 38 387575 75 76

45453838312626252526262525151515151313131313131313

32323232241612121288833333333333333 66 9 14 15 16

5 6 7 8 12555555

3,417.

8

2,493.2

2,493.2

1,881.11,881.1 3,245

.53,2

45.5

3,245

.53,2

45.5

3,245

.53,2

45.5

3,245

.5 4,395

.64,3

95.6

4,395

.64,3

95.6

4,728

.14,7

28.1

4,728

.14,7

28.1

5,601.

85,6

01.8

5,601.

85,6

01.8

5,601.

85,6

01.8

5,601.

85,1

41.8

5,141.

85,1

41.8

5,141.

8

5,144

.15,8

60.2

6,750

.87,6

70.1 9,5

42.5

8,953

.2 10,86

0.5 11,93

4.5

14,93

0.1 16,75

0.216,

750.2

15,79

9.115,

799.1

15,79

9.1

13,05

5.113,

055.1

13,05

5.113,

055.1

13,05

5.113,

055.1 15,

035.3

15,03

5.315,

035.3

15,03

5.315,

035.3

15,03

5.315,

035.3

7,009

.37,0

09.3

7,009

.37,0

09.3

7,009

.37,0

09.3

7,009

.37,0

09.3

7,009

.35,4

57.6

5,457

.65,4

57.6

5,457

.65,1

88.7

5,188

.75,1

88.7

5,188

.7

9,334

.89,3

34.8

9,334

.89,3

34.8

9,334

.8

11,97

3.1

8,842

.08,8

42.0

8,842

.08,8

42.0

8,461.

98,4

61.9

8,461.

98,4

61.9 10,

090.2

10,09

0.210,

090.2

10,09

0.2

5,893

.4

: 2548-2550

: 2548-2550 : 2549 2548-2550

: 2542

2545-2549 2545-2549

2548-2550

: 2548-2550: 2548-2550: 2548-2550: 2548-2550: 2548-2550

1.6 2,486 2538 3,974 2548

147,837 ..2538 248,079 ..2548 6.6 (GDP) 6.4 GDP (total health expenditure) 3.53 ..2538 4.00 ..2540 3.32 ..2544 ..2545 GDP 3.68 3.5 ..2548 2,486 ..2538 3,974 ..2548 1.6

..2544 ..2545 2548 ..2544 ..2545 2548 ..2544

63-64 43 ..2538 63-64 43 ..2538 63-64 43 ..2538 27 ..2548

5

/ (ART) / (ART)

/ (ART) / (ART)

..2551 ..2552 ..2551 ..2552

(ART) / (2547) 5,000 74,355 2563 12.2

5,000 74,355 2563 12.2

5,000 74,355 2563 12.2

3/14/09 5:14:45 PM3/14/09 5:14:45 PM3/14/09 5:14:45 PM3/14/09 5:14:45 PM3/14/09 5:14:45 PM3/14/09 5:14:45 PM3/14/09 5:14:45 PM3/14/09 5:14:45 PM3/14/09 5:14:45 PM

19

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

50

40

30

254

8

: International Health Policy Program 2008, National Health Accounts in Thailand 1994-2005

2532-2551

70,000

60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

0

2532

2538

2539

2540

2543

2544

2545

2546

2547

2548

2549

2550

2551

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

-10%

:

: 2551 6

434343434343434343434343434343434343 42424242424242424242424242424242424242 42424242424242424242424242424242424242 38383838383838383838383838383838383838 373737373737373737373737373737373737

34343434343434343434343434343434343434 31313131313131313131313131 33333333333333333333333333333333333333 32323232323232323232323232323232323232 33333333333333333333333333333333333333333335353535353535353535353535353535353535

444444222222222222424424

3636363636363636363636363636363636363636

23%19%

16%

33%26%

12%

22%

14%

6%

-7%

12%12%12%12%12% 12%7%

11% 15%13%

26%26%

26%

2538 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 () 147,837 170,203 200,768 210,368 225,652 248,079 () 3.53 3.32 3.68 3.55 3.47 3.49 () 47 56 63 63 64 64 () 43 33 28 25 26 27 () 10 11 9 12 10 9 () 2,486 2,732 3,197 3,335 3,641 3,974 ( ) 100 61 74 80 90 98 ( 1 ) 24.9 44.5 43.0 41.5 40.3 40.3

2532-2551

: International Health Policy Program 2008, National Health Accounts in Thailand 1994-2005

(GDP)

: Scholz W et al 2008 26 26

..2549-2551 ..2549-2551 ..2549-2551

2537

2539

2544

2543

2545

2547

2551

2553

2555

2557

2559

2561

2563

2565

2567

2569

() 2544-2568

(NAPHA) 2544 2548 2553 2558 2563 2568

ART 10.9 130.8 355.4 483.4 507.0 477.0( 2547)( 2547)(

37.2 67.2 55.2 71.2 91.7 118.1 ( 2547)

( 2547)

(

1,130.7 1,253.7 1,623.0 2,101.2 2,720.3 3,521.7 ( (

2547)( 2547)(

29% 195% 644% 679% 553% 404% 1% 10% 22% 23% 19% 14%

(..2547)

(..2550)

(..2563)

(RRT) 5,400 19,881 74,355 350,000 () 350,000 ()

7.4 21.6 37.6 2.3 7.0 12.2

: Kasemsap V, Prakongsai P and Tangcharoensathien V, 2005

: Revehga A. et al. 2006

98 98 90 84 90 84 90 90 90 2539

90 2539

90

2539 2539

2,000 2543 100,000 2549 2550 125,000 2550 125,000 2550 125,000

52-03-014_001-031 new14_Q.indd 2052-03-014_001-031 new14_Q.indd 2052-03-014_001-031 new14_Q.indd 20 3/14/09 5:21:49 PM3/14/09 5:21:49 PM3/14/09 5:21:49 PM3/14/09 5:21:49 PM3/14/09 5:21:49 PM3/14/09 5:21:49 PM3/14/09 5:21:49 PM3/14/09 5:21:49 PM3/14/09 5:21:49 PM

21

14 2534-2549

2534 2539 2543 2544 2546 2549

4.3 35.8 25.9 27.1 23.5 31.3

11.7 28.0 32.2 44.2 39.7 45.2

12.6 6.3 13.9 12.1 32.2 21.9

64.6 29.9 -- 4.4 2.4 1.6:2534-2549,..2534,2539,2543,2546,2549

14 2534-2549

2534 2539 2543 2544 2546 2549

7.2 29.0 32.0 16.1 16.0 18.6

21.7 55.4 44.2 64.3 49.5 59.7

11.0 6.0 15.8 10.3 32.8 21.7

59.8 9.3 -- 9.1 -- --:2550,2534-2549,..2534,2539,2543,2546,2549

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

(BCG)

(DPT)

(OPV)

(TT)

2525-2545

2525

252

6

252

7

252

8

252

9

253

0

253

1

253

2

253

3

253

4

253

5

253

6

253

7

253

8

2539

254

0

254

1

254

2

2543

2544

2545

: 2548-2550

52-03-014_001-031 new14_Q.indd 21 3/14/09 5:47:53 PM

(%) (%)

46.6 18.1 35.3 -- -- --

38.6 16.6 44.8 40.3 15.8 43.9

28.6 9.9 61.5 30.3 8.2 61.6

31.5 13.0 55.6 33.1 12.2 54.7

35.8 14.6 49.7 43.9 15.8 40.3

39.0 15.6 45.5 35.6 12.6 51.8

1,395,6911,395,691 1,629,9561,629,956 2,786,7292,786,729 985,895985,895 4,054,7054,054,705: .. 2549

35-595

70,000

60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

0

..48

..48

..48 .

.48.

.48.

.48.

.49.

.49.

.49.

.49.

.49.

.49.

.50.

.50.

.50.

.50.

.50.

.50.

.51.

.51.

.51

(EMS) 2548 - 2551

: 2551

(

)

23

2538

2539

2540

2541

2542

2543

2544

2545

2546

2547

2548

2549

2550

1 2538-2550100

80

60

40

20

0

5

2

2

2

5

5

2

2

5 2

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

2538

2539

2540

2541

2542

2543

2544

2545

2546

2547

2548

2549

2550

2538

2539

2540

2541

2542

2543

2544

2545

2546

2547

2548

2549

2550

2547 2548 2549 2550

(%)

(%)

(%)

(%)

: 2551 11 2551

1 2538-2550

: 2551

11 2551

1 2538-2550

: 2551 11 2551

1 2538-2550

: 2551 11 2551

52-03-014_001-031 new14_G.indd 23 3/14/09 9:11:43 PM

35 (Adverse Event)

35 (Adverse Event)

52-03-014_001-031 new14_Q.indd 2452-03-014_001-031 new14_Q.indd 2452-03-014_001-031 new14_Q.indd 24 3/14/09 2:45:10 PM3/14/09 2:45:10 PM3/14/09 2:45:10 PM3/14/09 2:45:10 PM3/14/09 2:45:10 PM3/14/09 2:45:10 PM3/14/09 2:45:10 PM3/14/09 2:45:10 PM

25

3 40.8 1,000 2533 23 2543

3 6 9 () 47 75

8.17 2535 2.23 2547 1.27 1.07

5 2 3

52-03-014_001-031 new14_Q.indd 2652-03-014_001-031 new14_Q.indd 2652-03-014_001-031 new14_Q.indd 26 3/14/09 2:45:55 PM3/14/09 2:45:55 PM3/14/09 2:45:55 PM3/14/09 2:45:55 PM3/14/09 2:45:55 PM3/14/09 2:45:55 PM3/14/09 2:45:55 PM3/14/09 2:45:55 PM

27

/

(

/

/)

0.100

0.090

0.070

0.060

0.050

0.020

0.010

0.000

5 2533 2543

50.0

40.0

30.0

20.0

10.0

0.0 2533 2548

0.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.04

0.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.06

0.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.05

0.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.05

0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01 0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00

40.8

23.0

32.3

19.224.9

19.319.114.714.8 12.9

2544 2546

2546

2546

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

2,500 2548-2549

13

10.8

5.2

4.2

8.9

12.411

7.67.6

10.99.9

6.95.9

4.5

2

/

8.9 9.19.5 9.3

8.89.4

10

8.8 99.6

8.5

1

,000

: Vapattarawong P. et al. 2007

: 2550 .. 2548-2549: 2551

: 2549 : ..2546

52-03-014_001-031_G.indd 2752-03-014_001-031_G.indd 2752-03-014_001-031_G.indd 2752-03-014_001-031_G.indd 27

31 2543 14.6 2547 11.9 2.6

2518 2523 2526

.. 2533 12 (.) 2543

2544

3 (1) 5 (2) 9 (3) 47 ( 50 1 2)

31 2543 14.6 2547 3.8 2543 1.5 2547 11.9 2.6

29

4%4%4%4%4%4%4%4%25%7% 5% 1%1%

25%

11% 14%

23%

26% 31%

17%52% 49%

10%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1.9%2.0%3.0%3.3%0.9%0.9%

2.6%2.8%5.2%4.3%1.6%1.6%

3.2%3.3%6.1%5.0%1.7%1.7%

4.7%5.4%7.1%5.6%2.7%4.0%

: Srithamrongsawat S. 2007

: 2547

: Limwattananon S, Tangcharoensathien V, and Prakongsai P 2007

: .. 2543 ,2545, 2547 2549 : .. 2543 ,2545, 2547 2549 : .. 2543 ,2545, 2547 2549

2543-2549

: Limwattananon S, Tangcharoensathien V, and Prakongsai P 2007

2543-2547

()

()

()

2543

2545 ()

2547

2549

1

1 2545 ()

1 2545 ()

1

1

5 1 5 1

5 1 5 1

5 1 5 1

5 1 5 1

2544 2544

24882488

25432543

25442544

252325232523

25132513251325132513 2518

25332533

2523

2526

2537

2533

2544

2.1%

12.0%

31.0%

0.4%

79%

15.1%

3.7% 2.8%

1.7%

1.4%

3.8%

15.1%15.1% 1.7%

0.3%

1.9% 1.0%0.3%

0.7%

1.5%

1.0%

2.6%

0.7%

1.7%

0.8%

4.3%

0.6%

11.9%

0.6%

8.3%

14.6%

2000 2002 2004

2543 2545 2547

2488 2544

2547

25232523 1-3 .. 2505-2519 1-3 .. 2505-2519

4-5 .. 2520-2529 4-5 .. 2520-2529

52%

49% 52%

49% 52%

50% 50%

5 -

5

10

3

1.

2.

3.

3/14/09 5:26:05 PM3/14/09 5:26:05 PM3/14/09 5:26:05 PM3/14/09 5:26:05 PM3/14/09 5:26:05 PM3/14/09 5:26:05 PM3/14/09 5:26:05 PM3/14/09 5:26:05 PM3/14/09 5:26:05 PM

31

05,00010,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,00045,00050,000

2533

2535

2537

2539

2541

2543

2545

2547

2549

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020406080100120140160180200220240

5

1

,000

5 2548

25 50 100 250 500 1000 2500 5000

()

2533-2550

: Limwattananon S. analyzed from the World Health Survey (WHS) data, WHO

: International Health Policy Program 2008.

5

2549

5

2549

5

2549

( 2548)

1. 63,444 8.5% 8 7,000 1102. 86,206 7.1% 17 28,000 1503. 27,589 7.1% 25 15,000 2404. 189,323 6.5% 20 74,000 1105. 228,864 6.2% 34 151,000 4106. 19,408 6.2% 14 7,000 1307. 74,166 6.0% 35 64,000 1308. 19,207 5.6% 13 4,000 589. 27,641 5.5% 59 47,000 83010. 30,853 5.5% 37 23,000 24011. 6,762 5.5% 25 4,000 17012. 13,202 5.4% 24 7,000 21013. 10,215 5.1% 23 4,000 10014. 9,615 5.0% 29 7,000 15015. 5,759 4.9% 75 12,000 66016. 155,991 4.8% 69 277,000 57017. 6,969 4.8% 27 5,000 28018. 70,270 4.7% 34 48,000 14019. 9,354 4.5% 61 16,000 29020. 15,314 4.5% 29 8,000 14021. 4,692 4.3% 74 14,000 45022. 13,029 4.3% 41 18,000 29023. 86,264 4.1% 32 73,000 23024. 4,899 4.1% 51 6,000 13025. 9,446 4.0% 80 22,000 67026. 5,532 4.0% 36 5,000 17027. 6,016 3.9% 22 3,000 15028. 1,320,864 3.9% 24 415,000 4529. 11,267 3.9% 7 1,000 4530. 13,571 3.8% 120 68,000 1,100 2,545,732 1,433,000

: Rhode J, Cousens S, Chopra M, et al 2008.

...

...-

: ()

...

54 ... ?

:

34

1...

3

(GlobalPeace Index)()

... ... 2540

1

19 2549 ( 58)

19 2549 ( 58)

19 2549

19 2550 ( 58) 19 2550

( 58)

2

...

28 2551 2 (.)

2551 2 (.)

2551 2

(.)

(.)

...

(.) (.)

(.)

(Global Peace Index)

(Global Peace Index)

(Global Peace Index) (Global Peace Index)

3

4

35

. .

. .

11 ...

...

31 2551 31 2551

2 2

24 2551

2

26 2551 2551 2551

11 11

2 2551 ... . . 1 40 . .

.

2 2

5

19,000-35,000 6

77

36

2 2

8

7 2551

2551

2551

2 2

2 2

7-11

7-11

2551 10 5.82 5.64 9

7

170

3 3

94.0 10

7 2551

11

3 2551 3 2551

7 20

7 20

2 2

12

1 1.8 13

14

37

2552 2 10 2 10

2552 145 18 7 2 10 2552 145 18 7 2 10

46 99 . 43 15 . 99 . 43 15 . 99 . 43

102 31 15

102 31 102 31

19 2549 11 1,121

2552 3

3

1616

2547- 2552

25 2547 ...

...

...

19 2549 ... (1 2549 - 29 2551)

30 2550

22 2550 (.) (.)

19 2550 ..2550 ( 58 42) 2

..2550 ( 58 42) 2

..2550 ( 58 42)

23 2550 6 2551 ( (

18 2551)

18 2551)

25 2551

26 2551 3

2 2551 . . 1 38 . . 1 38 ...

. . 1 38 ...

. . 1 38

9 2551

17 2551 ( 2 2551 )

7 2551 358 2

23-26 2551 26 2551 26 2551 26 2551

26 2551

2 2551

3 2551

15 2551

31 2552 .

274,478

203,728

150,464117,971117,971

106,24579,087

128,288

284,870

275,551253,461

243,661

-

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

1 ..2541-2551

2541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 2549 2550 2551

: . 2551. ( 5 . : . 2551. ( 5 . : . 2551. (

. )

4 ..2546-2550

2

3 4

38

2

2551 2551203,7281

40,0002550-2551

3 (1 -30 2546)

96 2545 25% 2546 (71 ) 56 2547 ( 31 ) 13 2549 25502 2546 2545 53% ..25483 ..2551 2 ..2541-2545 ( 1) 2551 2552

39

2550 2550 2550

2549

2551 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1)

.3 .3

.3 .3

1

2548-2551

2548 6,3232549 8,2272550 9,7332551 11,671

:

2551 ... ( ..) 2551 ... ( ..) 2551 ...

4 2551 ... ...

2551 ... ...

2551 ...

...

... 53

53

5

... 3-4 300-400 3-4 300-400

40 100-120 40 100-120 40

30-40 6

40,000 2550- 2551 7

3 1 -30 2551 33 3 1 -30 2551 33 3 1 -30

-

-

-

-

8

2551 5 70 3-4 2551 5 70 3-4 2551

9

7 10

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

40

2551 ...

8/2551 90 3 2551-31 2552 3 2551-31 2552 3 2551-31 2552

2551 . 2551 . 2551 .

- 2551 2551 - 2551 2551

62,409 67,185 - 2551 62,409 67,185 - 2551

62,409 67,185 62,409 67,185

15-24 15-24 15-24

(.) 3 2551 43 6612

( 2546-2551) 22.5 34 255113

- 2551 5,900 10,208 58 14

18 18

22.00 . 15

... 2551 ... 2551 ...

... 2,500 2546-2547 2,500 2546-2547 2,500 2546-

..

: () . 2551.. . [http://www.abacpoll.au.edu/acsan_thai/index.html]

1 ..2541-2551

4 ..2546-2550

2

//

/.

/

.../

.../

...

0 5 10 15 20

10.4 14.11.82.1

0.413.4

14.40.7

4.1 14.119.018.018.0

/

/

3 4

1 ..2541-2551

4 ..2546-2550

2

/

/

3 4

100

50

0

88.6 86.759.1 58.7

16.4 5.1 16.9

45.7

100

50

0

86.1 87.559.6 55.0

17.9 10.0 6.7

30.0

41

16

4 17

( 2 3)

1 5 1 5

2546-2550 80% ( 4)

( 2) ( 2)

2552 2

: . (http://www.thanyarak.go.th)

2

2546 2547 2548 2549 2550

851 1,348 1,654 1,400 1,122 283 282 298 366 442 97 119 143 111 147-- 237 67 62 25 48 110 108 134 87 101 1 3 1 5 2 1,601 1,273 1,496 1,390 1,606 64 68 66 107 564 133 33 21 0 4 3,377 3,302 3,875 3,491 4,036

: . (http://www.thanyarak.go.th)

2

2,956 3,182 3,167

2,5212,820

421781 693 671 869

2546 2547 2548 2549 2550

1 ..2541-2551

4 ..2546-2550 3,5003,0002,5002,0001,5001,000500

0

781781

3,1823,1823,1823,1823,182

2

/

/

3 4

42

25512552

31-50

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2551

2551

45

3

1

43

2,000-3,000 2

. .

3

30-50

25513

.. () 25

90 /

/

4

68

5

44

12-19 2551 6

30,000 30,000 30,000

14,000

90

90

7

4 4

4 4

5 / 5 /

62 14,500 14,500

/ 16,105 / 10 2551 25408

2551 2551

439

15 2551 6 6

2551

700,000-900,000 10

45

700

30 2551 47 22

22

22

1111 2552 1 -20 2552 2552 1 -20 2552

2552

163 1 -20 2552 163 1 -20 2552

17,474 355 132,130 355 132,130 355 132,130 62,856

355 132,130 62,856

355 132,130

69,274 69,274

5 12

2551 2551 2551

13

2540 2551

14

18 30 ( 2552) ( 62) 58 , 57 , 51 58 , 57 , 51 58 , 57

, 50 15

19

46

4...

-2551 2551

2552

1 2,739 114 2 2563 1.5 1

71 71

..2541-2550 ..2541-2550 ..2541-2550

4,442 2542 4,442 2542 4,442

5,200 1 8.6 2550 3,458 5.5

10

10

21.3 21.4

21.3 21.4

10 7.1 ( 1.2, 1.4 2.0 )

2551 2551 -

-

2550 3,458 5.48 2 2,703 755 3 227 132 122 16.26, 16.26,

13.58 10.66 3

47

90 3 3 4

5

6

6

2563 2 2 7

4.76 3

4.76 3

25472549 116,847 25472549 116,847 25472549

8

2551-2552 2 2540 2542-2543 2540 2542-2543 2540 2542-

2

2551

3

(Post-Traumatic stress Disorder: PTSD)

2552 9

50 35 50 35 50 35

6

48

1.

2.

3.

4.

5. 6-8

6.

10

1323 24 1323 24 1323 24 2550

1323 24 2550

1323 24 2550 1323 24 1323 24 2550

1323 24 1323 24

5 2550

5 2550

11

2551 2551 2551 2551 2551 2551

2553-2554 2553-2554 2553-2554

2553-2554

2540 2542 2540 2542 8.6 8.6

19 19 2549 2549 5.8 2549 2549 5.8

19 2549 2549 5.8

19 19 2549 2549 5.8

19

2550 5.9 2550 5.9 2549 2549 5.8 2550 5.9 2549 2549 5.8 2549 2549 5.8 2550 5.9 2549 2549 5.8

6 6

12

(Polit ical Stress Syndrome : PSS)

13

( 49)

49

14

10 10 10 10

-- -

l

l

l

l

l

l

l

l

l

l

l

l

l

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

0

1 Efavirenz 600 mg

2 Lopinavir/Ritronavir

..49

..49

..49

..50

..50

..50

..50

..50

..50

..51

..51

..51

..51

..51

..51

..52

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

1 Efavirenz 600 mg

2 Lopinavir/Ritronavir

..

49

..49

..49

..

50

..

50

..

50

..

50

..50

..50

..

51

..

51

..

51

..

51

..51

..51

..

52

50 3

2549-2550 () 3 2549-2550 () 3 2549-2550

(Efavirenz) + (Lopinavir+Ritonavir) (Clopidogrel) 2 (Clopidogrel) 2 (Clopidogrel)

3 ( 1 2)2 6 3 10

2551 4 ( 1)4

5:

()

1 (9 2551)

: Suwit Wibulpolprasert, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand

51

1

()

()

()

Efavirenz 58 24 10 5.8Lopinavir / Ritonavir 1,800 1,000 780 3Clopidogrel 3 1.3 0.04 75Letrozole 7 2.2 0.1 70Docetaxel 900 450 37 24.3: . 2551.

: Erlotinib Imatinib Novartis Glivec International Patient Assistance Program (GIPAP)

2551 :

2551 4

1. (Erlotinib) (Tarceva)

2. (Letrozole) (Femara)

3. (Docetaxel) (Taxotere)

4. (Imatinib) (Glivec)

5

2551 2552

(WHO)

(WHO), (WTO), (UNDP) (UNCTAD) 6

7 4

3 8 2551

. 1.

2.

3. 9

.. 26 301 10 9 11

52

... ...

...

9

3 2551 269-538 2555 560-940 5 2,088-3,748 12

(.) 20,000 13

- (PWL) (WL)14

1515

- (Trans Atlantic Consumer Dialogue ((TACD) Working Group on Intellectual Property) 16

() 2544

l Plavix 5 70

53

l Bioequivalent Study (BE Study)

(.) 200 18 . Clopidogrel 19

l .... 30 (.) 20 8 G821

/ / /

22

23

125

1.

2.

3.

4.

5. /

6.

7.

/26

27

54

6

(.) (.)

96 24 24 24

2549 20 2549 20

1

... ..2547 94 6 2

3

2551 3

2551

2 2 2

- -

-

2551 16 ( 57) 3 2551 16 57) 3 2551 16

11 2 ( 73) 13 ( 73) 13

27 14-18 ( 73) 13 27 14-18 ( 73) 13

(...) ... 2550

55

7

8

(...) (...)

148 148

9

4 4 4

55

1 6

2

3 3 3

56

(3)

14

..2551 55 (1) (4) (5)

15 ..2551 16

(.) www.mua.go.th/clean www.mua.go.th 2 20 6 17

. 5 5

2545-2550 410 2545-2550 410 2545-2550 410

12 6 3 . 3 18

... ..2547 39 41 10 ... 2550

11

..2551 82 12

2 2549 (Code of Ethics) 2549 (Code of Ethics) 2549

13

(1)

(2)

57

..255116

()

14 .. .1 ( 12 ) .1 ( 12 )

29 .. ()

( 11 ) ( .4)

29 .. . (). (). .1 ( 13 ).1 ( 13 ) 3 3

24 .. () .1 ( 13 ) .1 ( 13 )5

25 .. () .4 ( 10 ) .4 ( 10 )

28 .. () .1 .1

24 ..

( -*)

09 .. () .6 ( 17 ) .6 ( 17 )

29 .. 3

06 .. () . 1 ( 16 )

22 .. . (). ().

30 .. () .2 .2

08 .. () .6 ( 12 ) 2 .6 ( 12 ) 2

30 .. ... () .1 ( 12 ) 4 .1 ( 12 ) 4

13 .. . () .6 .6

24 .. () .3 ( 16 ) .3 ( 16 ) 2

* 8 .. 2551.* 8 .. 2551.*

19

58

7...

1

2

12 2551

1

6 2551 700

23 2551

66,244,244 54,000 3

-

-

4

-

5

-

90,000

6

59

(.) 2551 . .

. .

.

.

7

1,500 . . 8

29 2551 ... ..2522 9

311 ..2551 311 ..2551 311 ..2551

10 2551 10 2551

10 2551 10 2551

2 2 20,000 10 11

1. 1

2. 2.5

. 26 2551-24 2552 2 2 2

22 ( 60) 22

60) 22

http://www.fda. 60)

http://www.fda. 60)

moph.go.th/www_fda/fda_melamine/index-melamine.php)

- 2551 - 2551

- 2551

. .

6 294,000 22 2552 294,000 22 2552 294,000

66 20 3 5-15 2 3

2 3

60

21 21

12

22 1,100 5,500 200,000 1 30,000 50,000 150,000 250,000 13

.

17

(Melamine) 66

2550 : . [http://www.fda.moph.go.th/www_fda/fda_melamine/index-melamine.php]

()

()

1. . : 14-1-02323-1-0037 / / : / / : 16 / 01 / 09

/ : / : 16 / 01 / 09 / :

92.82

2. Shuangwa Full Cream Milk Powder . : / / : / / :

/ : / : / :

1.20

3. . : 10-3-13241-1-0299 / / : / / : 06 / 04 / 09

/ : / : 06 / 04 / 09 / :

3.16

61

()

4. . : 96-4-00136-2-0005 / / : 30 / 08 / 08 / / : 30 / 08 / 09

()

2.52

5. . : 96-4-00136-2-0007 / / : 24 / 07 / 08 / / : 24 / 07 / 09

()

7.96

6. . : 96-4-00136-2-0007 / / : 12 / 07 / 08 / / : 12 / 07 / 09

()

3.42

7. (White Rabbit Creamy Candy) . : / /

: / /

:

3.85

8. (Orphic) . : / /

: 02 / 08 / 08 / / :

34.37

9. . : 96-4-00136-2-0088 / / : 22 / 07 / 08 / / : 22 / 07 / 09

()

6.08

10. . : 10-3-12535-1-1445 / / : / /

: 20 / 06 / 09

Yantai arariconfectionary &Food Co., LTD

5.07

11. . : 10-3-12535-1-1445 / / : / /

: 05 / 07 / 09

Yantai arariconfectionary &Food Co., LTD

7.16

12. . : 10-3-13241-1-0299 / / : 19 / 08 / 08 / / : 18 / 11 / 09

28.86

13. . : 10-3-13241-1-0303 / / : 16 / 12 / 07 / / : 15 / 03 / 09

5.60

14. . : 10-3-13241-1-0303 / / : 19 / 08 / 08 / / : 18 / 11 / 09

31.68

62

()

15. . : 10-3-13241-1-0300 / / : 08 / 01 / 08 / / : 07 / 04 / 09

4.19

16. . : 10-3-13241-1-0300 / / : 18 / 08 / 08 / / : 17 / 11 / 09

15.55

17. . : 10-3-12535-1-1817 / / : / /

: 27 / 09 / 09

2.96

18. Golden Cracker . : 96-4-00136-2-0035 / / : 25 / 09 / 08 / / : 25 / 09 / 09

(M)

8.56

19. The Original CREAM CRACKERS munchys . : / / : / /

: 01 / 08 / 09

Munchy FoodIndustriesSDN.BHD.

3.97

20. Cocoa Chocolate Biscuit Koalas March . : / / : / /

: 04 / 09 / 09

Soon Seng Huat(Singapore) Pte

LTD. 5.66

21. Cocoa Chocolate Biscuit Koalas March . : / / : / /

: 23 / 09 / 09

Soon Seng Huat(Singapore) Pte

LTD. 18.45

22. Chocolate snack KOALA FAMILY PACK . : / / : 13 / 05 / 08 / / : 12 / 08 / 09

MALAYSIA &SINGAPORE

SEHAT EKONOMISUPERMARKET

3.03

23. . : 10-3-13241-1-0300 / / : 17 / 05 / 08 / / : 16 / 08 / 09

2.89

24. . : 10-3-13241-1-0303 / / : 07 / 01 / 08 / / : 06 / 04 / 09

2.60

: [http://www.fda.moph.go.th/www_fda/fda_melamine/bytypeNo.pdf]

63

2551

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3 . . .

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2538

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64

2551 2552 5

6

54

7

10 8

l ..2540

l ..2541

l ..2547 10

..2551

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l ..2546 ( 2)

l ..2546

l ..2547

l ..2548

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..2551

54 /

/

//

...

65

... ...

9

..2551 ..2551 ..2551

/ / / / / / / / / /

/ / / / / / / / / / /

/ / / / / / /

/ /

/ / / / / / /

2 2

10

1.

2. /

3.

5,000-10,000

4. /

1-2 3,800 5,000-10,000

5.

2,000-3,000

6.

500 500

7. 20-30

20-30

8. 10-20

9. (Sub-Contractor)

(Sub-Contractor)

(Sub-Contractor)

10.

66

3

300

20

20

74

20

74

20

74

74

74

74

11

:

// /

12

(.)

19 2549

..2551

67

2-3

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?

68

(UNAIDS) 2550 33 3 2544 2.7 2550 45 15-24 1

2527 2550 1.1 585,830 532,522 12,787 15-19 15-19 2 2551

2 2 12-15 3

2550 5 22 41 . 2 45 51 92 404

5 20 10 30 5

9

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69

2551 84 2551 84 1519 1.2 90 5 13 15-19 10 176 10 176 10 17

28 2552 28 2552

..2527-2551 353,020 28 2552 ..2527-2551 353,020 28 2552

15-24 30,399 8.6

..2540-2553 ..2540-2553

..2540-2553 ..2540-2553

2 2

2 2

() ()

() ()

7

82 48 53 188

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2540

2541

2542

2543

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2545

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2547

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2550

2551

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2553

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..

: . 2551.

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70

21 1010

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70

2

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CallCenter1330416.00-22.00.www.lovecare

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71

18

(CD4) (CD4)

10 10 10

400,000

18 18 18

17 2551 18 18

1,998 20 1,998 20 18 86.3 18 86.3 18 86.3 18 86.3 18 86.3 18 86.3

78

1-2 1-2

13

14

1515

72 ...

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900 ... 900 ... 900

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... ..2550

2 2 2

1 1

..2551 1113 1 ..2551 1113 1

2551

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() ..2544 6 ( 76) 2550 6 ( 76) 2550 6 (

73

... 37 22 22 22 76

4 4

4

4 4 4

4 4

3 4 1) 2) 3) 4)

4

50 68

12 2 5

178 1,500 178 1,500 178

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13

1 14

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. 5 47 . 5 47 . 5

13 13

1 ..... . .

74

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4. ..2550 ..2550

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11

6.

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75

7.

13

8.

14

10 3 5 5 5

9.

15

10. : /

:

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:

3 3

16

11. .

.

17

12.

18

13.

. .

19

14.

76

20

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2

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... () ... () ... ()

2545 : ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

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40 ... 40 ...

4,700,000 40 ... 4,700,000 40 ...

2546 : ...

6 6

6 6

2547 : :

10 10

10 10

77

2548 :

64 64

4 4 4

12 - 12 - 12 -

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9 9

2549 :

15 15

9 9 9

5

2550 :

... ..2550 ... ..2550 ... ..2550

4 ...

4 4

4 4

78

23 2551 UN Public Service Awards 2008

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6 58 6 58 6 58

92

98 98 98 98 98 98

2546 2546 2547 2546 2547

2546

... 26 2548 ... ... 28 2549 ... 13

2550 ... 3 21 2551 14 2551

(1) (1) (1) (2) (2) (3) (3)

79

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2544 30 2549 30

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4 629 629

3 (.)

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82

1.6

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1

83

84

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*

* 34 . 6 8-9 * 34 . 6 8-9 * 34 . 6 8-9 3-4

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3 2550

2549 8

3 .. 2547

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)

86

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() ( )

87

3 3 3

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( )

,

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(Johan Galtung) 3

()

/

: World Health Organization. 2002.

/

88

() () - () (.)

(.)

//

: World Health Organization. 2002.

89

() ( ) ( )

(

(

) ( ) ( ) ( ( ) ( ( )

)

90

()

:

5

3 : .. 2546-2550 () () 1 10 8 9 8 9

11 15 1 11 15 1 11 15

2 10

2550 6 1 5.5 1 2 2

1 10

.. 2546-2550

2546 2547 2548 2549 2550

78.9 81.3 81.4 83.1 84.9 56.9 58.9 57.6 59.8 56.7 27.7 26.8 28.2 28.4 29.3 34.5 34.8 29.2 24.4 24.3 23.9 26.3 22.4 22 22.5 19.2 18.6 20.2 20.6 21.5 13 12 14.6 14.4 13.9 14.8 11.7 11.8 11.1 11.5

26.8 18.3 12.8 10.5 8.8 11 9.7 8.9 8.3 7.7

:

.. 2550

()

3,467 5.5 48.0 0.9 3,755 6.0 52.0 0.9

7,222 11.5 100.0 1.8: 2550

2520

5.7 6

6.87.4 7.3

6.7 6.66 5.8

5.45.8

6.36.7 6.7

6.4 6.36.7

7.1 7.27.6

6.9

8.18.6

8.4

7.7 7.8

7.1 6.96.3

5.86

2521

2522

2523

2524

2525

2526

2527

2528

2529

2530

2531

2532

2533

2534

2535

2536

2537

2538

2539

2540

2541

2542

2543

2544

2545

2546

2547

2548

2549

2550

.. 2520-2550

2540

: 2540-2550

10

8

6

4

2

0

91

30 6-8 2-3 2540

2550 (22 ) (10 ) (10 )

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.. 2550

20

25

15

10

5

0

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3.21.9

6.74.2

9.73.7

4.51.7

4.922.1

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12.0

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.. 2550

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2.2

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13.6

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9.511

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92

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:

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4 15-59 ( 60 )

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( ) 2547

189,016 16 4 12 2

93

25400

1000 10

20

30

40

50

60

69 68 63 65 6658

37 4142

46

70

80

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

2541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 2549 2550

..2540-2550

:

35353535353535353535

2540-2550

2540-2550

2540-2550 2540-2550

10

2550 ( ) 5,269 14 1 45 1

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( ) ( )

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)

94

N=1,379 ( )

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5 .. 2546-2550 1,379 (58%) 13 16 13

18 60 26 7 ( ) 7 7 ) 7 7

18 ( 13 105 ) 28 1 32 18 18

1 32 18 1 32

18

95

18 18 18

.

:

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2545

? ( 2546) ( 2546)

15-49 2 5

96

15-49 2,816 .. 15-49 2,816 .. 15-49 2,816

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41% 47%

51% 44% () 31% 23%

4% 4% 4%

1 3 1 3

1 3 1 3

15

8% 10% 8% 10% 8% 10%

15

6% 3% 15 6% 3% 15 6% 3%

45% 21%

15

9% 5% 15 9% 5% 15 9% 5%

15 15

4% 5% 5% 5%

20% 13% 27% 18%

38% 33% 16% 16% 16%

37% 46%

20% 10% 20% 10% 20%

( )

(44% 31% ) (31% 26% )

: . 2546.

97

( )

2542 23 23

12 .. 2547 6 104 1669

2557 729 9,760

2550 2550 50 2

2547-2550

.

(/)

2547 70 6,951 19

2548 109 11,542 32

2549 110 15,882 44

2550 297 19,068 52:

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1 3 1 3

297 2550 19,068 18 () 2550 19,068 18 () 2550 19,068

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010.020.0

2543 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 2549 2550

30.040.050.060.070.080.090.0100.0

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16.1

76.8

23.2

83.4

16.6

71.0

29.0

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24.4

68.6

31.4

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72.3

27.7

: , 2551

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98

(intimate partners) (intimate partners)

() ()

(child abuse) ( )

8 (2543-2550) () 3 4

( (

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( (

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99

0

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31.625.929.0

23.124.423.7

37.440.239.0

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2 .. 2549

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5

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5 .. 2549

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2550 18 (9,579 19,068 ) 18 (9,579 19,068 )

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( ) ( )

100

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2,129 4,709 267 435 126,8042,129 4,709 267 435 126,8042,129 4,709 267 435 126,8042,129 4,709 267 435 126,8042,129 4,709 267 435 126,804

410 197 52 63 13,833410 197 52 63 13,833410 197 52 63 13,833410 197 52 63 13,833410 197 52 63 13,833

() 50.2 37.8 6.0 34.1 29.250.2 37.8 6.0 34.1 29.250.2 37.8 6.0 34.1 29.250.2 37.8 6.0 34.1 29.250.2 37.8 6.0 34.1 29.2

() 45.0 116.8 16.7 34.1 50.845.0 116.8 16.7 34.1 50.845.0 116.8 16.7 34.1 50.845.0 116.8 16.7 34.1 50.845.0 116.8 16.7 34.1 50.8

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40.2

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18 4.0 50.02 43.2 63.2 39.24.0 50.02 43.2 63.2 39.24.0 50.02 43.2 63.2 39.24.0 50.02 43.2 63.2 39.24.0 50.02 43.2 63.2 39.2

111.4 106.2 80.9 28.8 64.5111.4 106.2 80.9 28.8 64.5111.4 106.2 80.9 28.8 64.5111.4 106.2 80.9 28.8 64.5111.4 106.2 80.9 28.8 64.5

19.2 78.9 287.3 40.219.2 78.9 287.3 40.219.2 78.9 287.3 40.219.2 78.9 287.3 40.2 111.4

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1 4

9 10 ( 89) 1 1 1 4 10 (72)

101

.. 2546-2550 .. 2546-2550

( ) () ( ) 5 .. 2546 .. 2550 8,886 14,764 ( 13.2% ) 5,897 10,279 ( 14.9% ) 4,843 7,784 ( 12.1% )

( ) ()

( ()

102

2,160 29 6 4 1,255 3

2546 2

2-3

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5-6 2548 1,673 ( 5 ) 3 (.. 2549-2551) 2551

103

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2552 7.5 12 63.4

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() ()

104

55.154.4

4.34.64.60

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2531 2533 2535 2537 2539 2541 2543 2545 2547 2549 2550

: , 2550.

..

5 (quintile) .. 2550

4.3%4.3%4.3%8.0%8.0%8.0%

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( 2500 )

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105

2 .. 2547-2548 5 229 2547 58 2548 171 2 3 ( )

: ?

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(45%) 80% ( 50.4 ) 20% 4% 4%

100 100 20 4 ( 20 ) 100 100 20 4 ( 20 ) 100 100 20

20 55 ( 2.75 ) 41 60 41 60 41 60

20 (2531-2550) ()

( )

106

()

.. 2546-2551

2546 -2.4 11.4 10.5 4.42546 -2.4 11.4 10.5 4.42546 -2.4 11.4 10.5 4.42546 -2.4 11.4 10.5 4.42546 -2.4 11.4 10.5 4.42547 10.2 13.4 14.7 13.72547 10.2 13.4 14.7 13.72547 10.2 13.4 14.7 13.72547 10.2 13.4 14.7 13.72547 10.2 13.4 14.7 13.72548 9.3 3.1 11.3 -7.9

9.3 3.1 11.3 -7.9

9.3 3.1 11.3 -7.9

9.3 3.1 11.3 -7.9

9.3 3.1 11.3 -7.92549 8.9 12.5 3.5 15.52549 8.9 12.5 3.5 15.52549 8.9 12.5 3.5 15.52549 8.9 12.5 3.5 15.52549 8.9 12.5 3.5 15.52550 -9.6 6.6 0.2 -3.52550 -9.6 6.6 0.2 -3.52550 -9.6 6.6 0.2 -3.52550 -9.6 6.6 0.2 -3.52550 -9.6 6.6 0.2 -3.52551 -0.3 2.3 5.82551 -0.3 2.3 5.82551 -0.3 2.3 5.82551 -0.3 2.3 5.8 4.8

:

3-4

() ()

2551

12

( 1 ) 737 8

(

)

2549

2547

10.16% 2548 9.3% 2549

3 8.9% 2550 -9.6%( 2550 ) 2551 -0.3

2551

2551

107

.. 2547-2551

2547 2548 2549 2550 2551

531 905 1,040 1,308 861531 905 1,040 1,308 861531 905 1,040 1,308 861531 905 1,040 1,308 861531 905 1,040 1,308 861 53 52 39 41 2853 52 39 41 2853 52 39 41 2853 52 39 41 2853 52 39 41 28 232 308 281 359 88232 308 281 359 88232 308 281 359 88232 308 281 359 88232 308 281 359 88 76 238 327 492 26776 238 327 492 26776 238 327 492 26776 238 327 492 26776 238 327 492 267 25 140 10 3 025 140 10 3 025 140 10 3 025 140 10 3 025 140 10 3 0 2 - 14 45 52 - 14 45 52 - 14 45 52 - 14 45 52 - 14 45 5 33 422 219 214 11433 422 219 214 11433 422 219 214 11433 422 219 214 11433 422 219 214 114 0 12 3 13 70 12 3 13 70 12 3 13 70 12 3 13 70 12 3 13 7 0 1 1 0 00 1 1 0 00 1 1 0 00 1 1 0 00 1 1 0 0 952 2,078 1,934 2,475 1,370

314 564 746 1,015 605314 564 746 1,015 605314 564 746 1,015 605314 564 746 1,015 605314 564 746 1,015 605

491 1,105 1,200 1,844 1,171491 1,105 1,200 1,844 1,171491 1,105 1,200 1,844 1,171491 1,105 1,200 1,844 1,171491 1,105 1,200 1,844 1,171

805 1,669 1,946 2,859 1,776

:

:

2546 (.)

3.5 5.5

:

2551 1,370 3-4 605 ( 2 ) 1,171 5 3,244 5,811

108

()

1 6 1 6

2552 13 10

( )

5 16.00-22.00 . 2548

16.00-20.00 .

50

(1) (2) (3) (2) (3) (2)

109

4

()

.. 2547 ( 2550) 2.7 2.7%

2547 2.2 3.8 5.6 1.3 5.6 1.3 5.6

2 (productivity) () .. 2547

- 33,000

- 90 31,000 4.7

- 88

(burden of disease) 2 (1) (Years of Life Lost - YLL) (2) (Years Lived with Disability - YLD) (Disability-Adjusted Life Years - DALYs) () : Murray CJ and Lopez AD. 1996

110

.. 2547

/

%

%

%

//

5,716,465 100.0 4,228,613 100.0 9,945,078 100.05,716,465 100.0 4,228,613 100.0 9,945,078 100.05,716,465 100.0 4,228,613 100.0 9,945,078 100.05,716,465 100.0 4,228,613 100.0 9,945,078 100.05,716,465 100.0 4,228,613 100.0 9,945,078 100.05,716,465 100.0 4,228,613 100.0 9,945,078 100.0

215,732 3.8 55,937 1.3 271,669 2.7215,732 3.8 55,937 1.3 271,669 2.7215,732 3.8 55,937 1.3 271,669 2.7215,732 3.8 55,937 1.3 271,669 2.7215,732 3.8 55,937 1.3 271,669 2.7215,732 3.8 55,937 1.3 271,669 2.7 107,206 1.9 37,092 0.9 144,298 1.5107,206 1.9 37,092 0.9 144,298 1.5107,206 1.9 37,092 0.9 144,298 1.5107,206 1.9 37,092 0.9 144,298 1.5107,206 1.9 37,092 0.9 144,298 1.5107,206 1.9 37,092 0.9 144,298 1.5

108,367 1.9 18,845 0.4 127,212 1.3108,367 1.9 18,845 0.4 127,212 1.3108,367 1.9 18,845 0.4 127,212 1.3108,367 1.9 18,845 0.4 127,212 1.3108,367 1.9 18,845 0.4 127,212 1.3108,367 1.9 18,845 0.4 127,212 1.3 156 0.0 0 0.0 159 0.0156 0.0 0 0.0 159 0.0156 0.0 0 0.0 159 0.0156 0.0 0 0.0 159 0.0156 0.0 0 0.0 159 0.0156 0.0 0 0.0 159 0.0

: . 2550.

3-4 ()

- 83 15-44

- 1 2.3 2.0

- 1.9

- 60 15-29

111

2

5 :

112

( ) ( )

3

113

3 3

(.) (.)

2

.. 2541 .. 2546 .. 2546 .. 2550 .. 2550

(social safety net)

(Participatory Public Policy Process)

114

:

. 2548. 2548. : .

. 2549. . (). 2549 : . 22-33. :

. 2549. 3 . .

. 2549. : ..2546. 15 (4) : 515-527.

. 2551. 11 2551.

. 2549. . .

. 2551. . 12 2551 (.).

. 2534. ..2534. : .

. 2539. ..2539. : .

. 2543. ..2543. : .

. 2543. ..2543. : .

. 2544. ..2544. : .

. 2545. ..2545. : .

. 2546. ..2546. : .

. 2547. ..2547. : .

. 2547. ..2547. : .

. 2548. ..2548. : .

. 2549. ..2549. : .

. 2549. ..2549. : .

. 2549. ..2549. : .

. 2550. 2548- 2549. : .

(). 2547. 2545-2547.: .

(). 2550. 2548-2550.: .

. (.) . Inequitable Access to Innovative Health Technologies: The Challenges to the Grand Challenges in Global Health.

Comptroller Generals Department. 2008. Secondary data on CSMBS expenditure in various years. Bangkok; Ministry of Finance.

Hil l, K., Vapattanawong P. et al. 2007. Epidemiologic transition interrupted: a reassessment of mortality trends in Thailand, 1980-2000. In International Journal of Epidemiology. 36: 374-84.

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