the linguistics society cantonese course 2007 lesson 7

The Linguistics SocietyThe Linguistics Society

Cantonese Course 2007

Lesson 7

Cantonese Course 2007 Lesson 7

Revision for lesson 6

唔錯啦。 Mh4 cho3 la1 Ng chor la. = So far so good.

B.

Phrases – Casual Chat

最近點呀？ Jeui3 gan6 dim2 a3? Joy gun dim ah? = How are you lately?

A.

Phrases – Shopping (General) 呢件衫幾錢呀 ? Nei1 gin6 saam1 gei2 chin2 a3? Lay geen sarm gay chin ah? = How much does the shirt cost?

計平啲啦！ Gai3 peng4 di1 la1! Guide pang d la! = Make it cheaper!

Vocabulary - Idioms

竟然係咁ging2 yin4 hai6 ga

m2ging yin high gum

= Oh really?

九唔搭八gau2 mh4 daap3 baat3

gow ng darp bart

= completely nonsense

三 ( 九 ) 唔識七saam1 (gau2) mh4 sik1 chat1

sarm (gow) ng sick chat

= completely stranger 佛都有火

fat6 dou1 yau5 fo2fat dole yau for

= intolerable anger


Finals <o>

Finals <o>Long Short

Vowel(+ending)

Example

English Vowel(+ending)

Example

English

o cho 錯 wrong

oi ngoi 愛 love

on hon 看 look

ong tong 燙 scald

ot hot 渴 thirsty

ok gwok 國 country


Basic Grammar II


More Verbs

Vocabulary – Useful Verbs

可以ho2 yi5hor yee

= can / to be able to


要yiu3yill

= to want, to need


嚟lai4 / lei4

lie

= to come


整jing2jing

= to make (something)


問man6mun

= to ask


聽teng1tank

= to listen, to hear


講gong2gong

= to say, to speak


買maai5

my

= to buy


搵wan2one

= to find


知道ji1 dou3

g doe

= to know


識sik1sick

= to know how to


識聽sik1 teng1sick tank

= to understand (a language)


識睇sik1 tai2sick tie

= to know how to read (a language)


識講sik1 gong2sick gong

= to know how to speak (a language)


學hok6hock

= to learn


住jyu6

ju

= to live, to reside


住喺jyu6 hai2

ju high

= to live in / to live at


明 ( 白 )ming4 (baak6)

ming (bark)

= to understand


Making Sentences from Verbs

Positive Statement (S+V+O)

你係學生 Nei5 hai6 hok6 saang1 Lay high hock sang = You are (a) student


佢地食嘢 Keui5 dei6 sik6 ye5 Kui day sick yeah = They eat something


我喺科大 Ngo5 hai2 Fo1 Daai6 All high For Die = I am at HKUST

Positive Statement (S+V+v+O)

我識講廣東話 Ngo5 sik1 gong2 Gwong2 Dong1 W

a2 All sick gong Gong Dong Wa = I know how to speak Cantonese

* Compound Verbs

Negative Statement (S+!V+O)

佢唔係學生 Keui5 m̀4 hai6 hok6 saang1 Kui ng high hock sang = He is not (a) student

* !V means negation of V

Negative Statement (S+!V+v+O)

我唔鍾意睇書 Ngo5 m̀4 jung1 yi3 tai2 syu1 All ng jone yee tie she = I do not like reading books

Negative Statement (S+!V+O)

我冇嘢做 Ngo5 mou5 ye5 jou6 All mole yeah joe = I don’t have things to do

* Negation of 有 (have) is 冇


Question Words

Vocabulary – Question Words

乜嘢mat1 ye5mud yeah

= what


咩me1mea

= what

* Short form


邊 MWbin1bin

= which

* Please refer to the notes of Lesson 4 for the list of MWs!


邊個bin1 go3bin gor

= who / which one


邊位bin1 wai2bin why

= who (polite)

* May become impolite if said rudely


邊本bin1 bun2bin boon

= which (book)


邊隻bin1 jek3bin jack

= which (animal)


幾時gei2 si4gay see

= when (which date, what time)


幾點gei2 dim2gay dim

= what time


幾多gei2 do1gay dor

= how many


點解dim2 gaai2dim guide

= why


點 ( 樣 )dim2 (yeung2)

dim (yong)

= how


點做dim2 jou6

dim joe

= how to do


點講dim2 gong2

dim gong

= how to say


Making Questions

Y/N Question (S+V!V+O?)

佢係唔係學生 ? Keui5 hai6 m̀4 hai6 hok6 saang1 ? Kui high ng high hock sang ? = Is he (a) student ?


你食唔食朱古力 ? Nei5 sik6 m̀4 sik6 jyu1 gu1 lik1? Lay sick ng sick ju goo lick ? = Do you eat chocolate ?


你有冇花生 ? Nei5 yau5 mou5 fa1 sang1 ? Lay yau mole fa sung ? = Do you have peanuts ?


呢架小巴經唔經彩虹 ? Nei1 ga3 siu2 ba1 ging1 m̀4 ging1 Choi2

Hung4? Lay ga seal ba ging ng ging Choi Hung? = Is this minibus via Choi Hung ?

Y/N Question (S+V!V+v+O?)

你鍾唔鍾意食朱古力 ? Nei5 jung1 m4 jung1 yi3 sik6 jyu1 gu1 lik

1? Lay jone ng jone yee sick ju goo lick? = Do you like eating chocolate ?

* If the verb consists of 2+ words, only the first word is repeated in the form V!V

Y/N Question (S+V!V+v+O?)

你識唔識聽英文 ? Nei5 sik1 m̀4 sik1 teng1 ying1 man2? Lay sick ng sick teng ying man? lit. Do you know how to listen English? = Do you know English

Wh Question (S+V+QW?)

佢係邊個 ? Keui5 hai6 bin1 go3 ? Kui high bin gor ? = Who is he ?

* The QW takes the position of subject / object if it is what you want to ask

Wh Question (S+V+QW?)

你做乜嘢 ? Nei5 jou6 mat1 ye5 ? Lay joe mud yeah ? = What do you do ?


Wh Question (QW+V+v+O?)

邊個鍾意飲可樂 ? Bin1 go3 jung1 yi3 yam2 ho2 lok6 ? Bin gor jone yee yum hor lock ? = Who likes to drink Coca Cola?


Wh Question (S+QW+V+O?)

你點樣整蛋糕 ? Nei5 dim2 yeung2 jing2 daan6 gou1? Lay dim yong jing darn go? = How do you make cakes?

* When both object and subject exists, the QW is usually placed after subject

Wh Question (S+QW+V+O?)

你幾點去學廣東話 ? Nei5 gei2 dim2 heui3 hok6 Gwong2 Do

ng1 Wa2? Lay gay dim hui hock Gong Dong Wa? = What time do you go to learn Canton

ese?

* When both object and subject exists, the QW is usually placed after subject

Wh Question (QW+S+V+O?)

點解你要學廣東話 ? Dim2 gaai2 nei5 yiu3 hok6 Gwong2 Do

ng1 Wa2? Dim guy lay yill hock Gong Dong Wa? = Why do you need to learn Cantonese?

* One exception: “Why” is put at the front


Holidays and Festivals in Hong Kong

= New Year(Jan 1)

Vocabulary – Festivals

新年san1 nin4sun lean

= Lunar New Year


農曆新年nung4 lik6 san1 nin4

lone lick sun lean

= Ching Ming Festival (Apr 4-5)


清明ching1 ming4

ching ming

= Tuen Ng Festival


端午dyun1 ḿ4duen ng

= Mid-autumn Festival


中秋jung1 chau1jone chow

lit. Winter Comes= Winter Solstice

(Dec 22-23)


冬至dung1 ji3done jee

= Christmas


聖誕sing3 daan3

sing darn


Superstition

= To worship god

Vocabulary – Superstition

拜神Baai3 san4

Buy son

= Kau cim


求簽Kau4 chim1

Kao chim

= Villian Hitting


打小人Da2 siu2 yan4Da shield yan

= To burn clothes


燒衣Siu1 yi1Shield E

= To commemorate a dead person at his grave


拜山Baai3 saan1

Buy sand

= To celebrate Lunar New Year


拜年Baai3 nin4

Buy lin

= To row dragon boat


爬龍舟Pa4 lung4 jau1

Pa lone Jao

= To have meal together to celebrate Lunar New Year


食團年飯Sik6 tyun4 nin4 faan6

Sick tuen nin fan


活動wut6 dung6

Activity

the linguistics society cantonese course 2007 lesson 7

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