the preterite tense. the preterite tense is used to talk about actions or events in the past, to...

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THE PRETERITE TENSE

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Page 1: THE PRETERITE TENSE. The preterite tense is used to talk about actions or events in the past, to narrate events in a series, or to express the beginning

THE PRETERITE TENSE

Page 2: THE PRETERITE TENSE. The preterite tense is used to talk about actions or events in the past, to narrate events in a series, or to express the beginning

The preterite tense is used to talk about actions or events in the past, to narrate events in a series, or to express the beginning or ending of a past event (text p. 196-7):

• Yo viajé a México en 2003.• Ayer Carlos tomó el desayuno temprano y salió de casa a las ocho.• El concierto terminó a las once.

Page 3: THE PRETERITE TENSE. The preterite tense is used to talk about actions or events in the past, to narrate events in a series, or to express the beginning

-ar and -ir verbs comprar

• yo compré• tú compraste• él, ella, usted compró• nosotros compramos*• vosotros comprasteis• ellos, ellas, ustedes

compraron

salir

•yo salí•tú saliste•él, ella, usted salió•nosotros salimos*•vosotros salisteis•ellos, ella, ustedes

salieron

Page 4: THE PRETERITE TENSE. The preterite tense is used to talk about actions or events in the past, to narrate events in a series, or to express the beginning

-er verbs: (Note that the endings are the same

for -er and -ir verbs)prender

• yo prendí• tú prendiste• él, ella, usted prendió• nosotros prendimos• vosotros prendisteis• ellos, ellas,

ustedes prendieron

salir

•yo salí

•tú saliste

•él, ella, usted salió

•nosotros salimos*

•vosotros salisteis

•ellos, ella, ustedes

salieron

Page 5: THE PRETERITE TENSE. The preterite tense is used to talk about actions or events in the past, to narrate events in a series, or to express the beginning

All -ar and -er stem-changing verbs are regular in the preterite!

pensar devolver• yo pensé devolví• tú pensaste devolviste• él, ella, pensó devolvió

usted• nosotros pensamos devolvimos• vosotros pensasteis devolvisteis• ellos etc. pensaron devolvieron

Page 6: THE PRETERITE TENSE. The preterite tense is used to talk about actions or events in the past, to narrate events in a series, or to express the beginning

Certain verbs have spelling changes in the preterite (text p. 197).

1. Verbs ending in -car change the c qu before ´e´:

• yo busqué• yo expliqué• yo practiqué• yo toqué

Toqué mi tuba por tres horas en la parada ayer.

Page 7: THE PRETERITE TENSE. The preterite tense is used to talk about actions or events in the past, to narrate events in a series, or to express the beginning

2. Verbs ending in

-gar change the g gu before ´e´:

• yo llegué

• yo jugué

• yo obligué

• yo paguéJugué al fútbol ayer. ¡No ganamos!

Page 8: THE PRETERITE TENSE. The preterite tense is used to talk about actions or events in the past, to narrate events in a series, or to express the beginning

3. Verbs ending in -zar change the z c before ´e´:

• yo almorcé

• yo abracé

• yo comencé

• yo empecéAlmorcé en un restaurante japonés hoy.

Page 9: THE PRETERITE TENSE. The preterite tense is used to talk about actions or events in the past, to narrate events in a series, or to express the beginning

Irregular Verbs (text p. 217)

The preterite tense has many irregular verbs.

However, many of these follow a pattern, so it is important to look for similarities among verbs.

Page 10: THE PRETERITE TENSE. The preterite tense is used to talk about actions or events in the past, to narrate events in a series, or to express the beginning

Ser/Ir, Estar

Ser and Ir have the same form in the preterite!

• yo fui• tú fuiste• él etc. fue• nosotros fuimos• vosotros fuisteis• ellos etc. fueron

Estar has very similar endings:

• estuve • estuviste• estuvo • estuvimos• estuvisteis• estuvieron

Page 11: THE PRETERITE TENSE. The preterite tense is used to talk about actions or events in the past, to narrate events in a series, or to express the beginning

Tener and Hacer These verbs follow the

same pattern:

Tener• tuve• tuviste• tuvo• tuvimos• tuvisteis• tuvieron

Hacer• hice• hiciste• hizo*• hicimos• hicisteis• hicieron

*spelling change for phonetic reasons

Page 12: THE PRETERITE TENSE. The preterite tense is used to talk about actions or events in the past, to narrate events in a series, or to express the beginning

Dar

• yo di• tú diste• él, ella, usted dio• nosotros dimos• vosotros disteis• ellos, ellas, ustedes

dieron

¿Quién le dio ese champán a José?

Page 13: THE PRETERITE TENSE. The preterite tense is used to talk about actions or events in the past, to narrate events in a series, or to express the beginning

Many irregular verbs follow a pattern with the same endings, and it is important to know the stem (text p. 228).(Remember estar, tener and

hacer?)

• poder: pud-

• poner: pus-

• venir: vin-

• saber: sup-

• querer: quis-

eisteoimosisteisieron

Page 14: THE PRETERITE TENSE. The preterite tense is used to talk about actions or events in the past, to narrate events in a series, or to express the beginning

Pepe vino a la isla en 1989.

Page 15: THE PRETERITE TENSE. The preterite tense is used to talk about actions or events in the past, to narrate events in a series, or to express the beginning

Some verbs that follow this pattern have minor spelling changes.

Traer

• traje• trajiste• trajo• trajimos• trajisteis• trajeron*

Decir

• dije• dijiste• dijo• dijimos• dijisteis• dijeron*

Page 16: THE PRETERITE TENSE. The preterite tense is used to talk about actions or events in the past, to narrate events in a series, or to express the beginning

A number of verbs have specific meanings when used in the preterite.

“Conocer” means “met”.

Conocí a mi novio en la escuela primaria.

Page 17: THE PRETERITE TENSE. The preterite tense is used to talk about actions or events in the past, to narrate events in a series, or to express the beginning

“Querer” means “tried” but “no querer” has the meaning of “refused”.

El abuelo no quiso venir con nosotros.

Page 18: THE PRETERITE TENSE. The preterite tense is used to talk about actions or events in the past, to narrate events in a series, or to express the beginning

“Poder” has the meaning of “was able” or “was not able” (“could” or “couldn´t”)

No pude terminar la tarea ¡porque mi computadora no quiso funcionar!

!!!

Page 19: THE PRETERITE TENSE. The preterite tense is used to talk about actions or events in the past, to narrate events in a series, or to express the beginning

“Saber” means “found out”, “heard about” or “learned”.

¿Cuándo supiste lo del examen mañana?

Page 20: THE PRETERITE TENSE. The preterite tense is used to talk about actions or events in the past, to narrate events in a series, or to express the beginning

“Tener” means “got” or “received”.

Tuve una carta de mi mamá ayer.

Page 21: THE PRETERITE TENSE. The preterite tense is used to talk about actions or events in the past, to narrate events in a series, or to express the beginning

-ir verbs with stem-changes also have a vowel shift in the preterite. (Unfortunately, this change is different from the one that takes place in the present tense!)

There are two basic patterns...

Page 22: THE PRETERITE TENSE. The preterite tense is used to talk about actions or events in the past, to narrate events in a series, or to express the beginning

Verbs like pedir (i, i) or sentir (ie, i)

• yo pedí

• tú pediste

• él, ella, Ud. pidió

• nosotros pedimos

• vosotros pedisteis

• ellos, ella, Uds. pidieron

Other verbs that follow this pattern:

hervir (ie,i) seguir (i,i)

mentir (ie,i) servir (i,i)

preferir (ie,i)

reír (i,i)

freír (i,i)

repetir (i,i)

Page 23: THE PRETERITE TENSE. The preterite tense is used to talk about actions or events in the past, to narrate events in a series, or to express the beginning

Verbs like dormir (ue, u)

• yo dormí

• tú dormiste

• él, ella, Ud. durmió

• nosotros dormimos

• vosotros dormisteis

• ellos, ella, Uds. durmieron

Other verbs that follow this pattern:

morir (ue, u)