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BRITISH CULTURE

Group 7: Lê Thị Soan Dương Nguyễn Thị Hoài Hương Phan Thị Hoàng Diễm Trương Thị Nữ

Phan Thị Minh Thương Lê Thị Vân

THE GOVERNMENTOUTLINE

I. Introduction II. Body 1. The Cabinet 2. The Prime Minister 3. Ministries & Departments 4. Local Government 5. Three partiesIII. Conclusion

THE CABINET

About 20 ministers

Chosen by the Prime Minister

Include departmental & non-departmental

ministers

The Prime Minister

Functions

- To initiate & decide on policy

- The supreme control of government

- The co-ordination of government departments

CABINET MEETINGS

oThe Cabinet meets once a week in private and its proceedings are confidential

oReports are made of the meetings and circulated to government departments

CABINET MEETINGS

oThey summarize the topics discussed and decisions taken but they never refer to individuals or what they said

oAfter 30 years Cabinet papers may be made available for inspection in the Public Record Office at Kew, Surrey

CABINET OFFICE

Functions

- Running a busy communication network

- Keeping ministers in touch with each other

- Drawing up the agendas for cabinet meetings

CABINET OFFICEo It also does the same things for cabinet

committees These committees are appointed by the

cabinet to look into various matters in more detail than the individual member of the cabinet have time (or knowledge) for

Unlike members of “the government” itself, the people on these committees are not necessarity politicians

Who is British Prime minister?

Prime ministers

Member of either the Commons or Lords

Leader of a great political party

Inherited a majority in the Commons

Authority the highest political authority in the United

Kingdom leader a major political partycommands a majority in the House of

Commons (the lower house of the Legislaturethe leader of the Cabinet (the Executive)

Under the British system, there is a unity of powers rather than separation.

Authority In the House of Commonsguides the law-making process with the goal of

enacting the legislative agenda of the political party.

In his executive capacityappoints (and may dismiss) all other cabinet

members and ministers.co-ordinates the policies, activities of all

government departments, the staff of the Civil Service (Senior civil servants, bishops and judges)

Authority The PM acts as the public "face" and "voice" of Her

Majesty's Government, both at home and abroad.

the dissolution of Parliament; high judicial, political, official and Church of England appointments.

the conferral of peerages, knighthoods, decorations and other honors.

making the final decisions on major issues (the Euro or whether Britain should join a potential American attack on Iraq.

Authority

The PM chairs a number of select committees (the Defence and Overseas Policy committee, the Constitutional Reform Committee, the Intelligence Services Committee … )

The PM appears before the House of Commons and must answer questions put to him or her by the MP everyday.

Where does the Prime Minister live? Traditionally, the official residence of the Prime

Minister is at Number 10 Downing Street. PM also has a house in the country called Chequers. What is Chequers? + a country house belonging to the Government,

located on Buckinghamshire, the south of UK. + hold a private conference of some of his Ministers

or receive foreign visitors over a weekend. + entertain guests as a special privilege.

No 10 Downing Street

chequers

Who is the British PM at the present?

In the 2010 general election no single party won enough majority of seats to form the government alone. So, to form a government two or more parties had to join together.

David Cameron, the leader of the Conservative Party, formed a new government, in coalition with the Liberal Democrats.

David Cameron - leader of the Conservative Party

Nick Clegg - leader of the Liberal Democrats

Vietnamese Prime Minister the head of the executive branch of the

Vietnamese government. presides over the Vietnamese cabinet, and is

responsible for appointing and supervising ministers.

appointed by the President from among the members of the National Assembly.

Prime Minister of Vietnam is not necessarily a member of parliament.

3. Ministries/ Departmentsand the Civil Service

3.1 Introduction ministries/ departments

3.2 Types of departments

+ Ministerial departments

+ Non-ministerial departments

3.3 Department composition

3.4 Minister’s responsibilities

3.5 HM’s Treasury, Home office, Foreign office

3.6 United kingdom’s Civil service

3.7 Vietnam’s ministries

1.Introduction

- A ministry or department is a specialized organization responsible for a sector of government public administration.

- Funded by Parliament

- Subordinate to the Cabinet, and Prime Minister.

- Around 39 ministries, departments and about 100 ministers

2. Types of Government Department

Around 19 ministerial departments and 20 non-ministerial departments

a) Ministerial Departments- led politically by a Government Minister. • Minister ( Secretary of State) + A member of the cabinet + In charge of matters in this department + Responsible for duties of its department to the Parliament. + Generally supported by a team of junior ministers.

• a senior civil servant( Permanent Secretary) lead administrative management

• Subordinate are Executive agencies. An Executive Agency has a degree of autonomy to perform an operational function and report to one or more specific Government Departments.

MINISTERIAL DEPARTMENTS1. Cabinet Office2. Her Majesty's

Treasury 3. Home Office4. Foreign &

Commonwealth Office5. Ministry of Defense6. Department of Culture,

Media & Sport 7. Ministry for Agriculture,

Fisheries & Food 8. Her Majesty's Customs

& Excise 9. Department for

Education & Employment Service

10. Department of the Environment; Transport and the Regions

11. Department of Health

12. Department for International Development

13 Department for Social Security

14.Department of Trade & Industry

15 Inland Revenue (tax authority)

16.Northern Ireland Office

17 Office of Science & Technology

18. Scottish Office 19.Department for Business, Innovation and

Skills •

b) Non-ministerial departmentsA non-ministerial department is a department or ministry of a government that is not headed by a Government Minister, but permanent secretaries or second secretaries or senior civil servant

Resolving public affairs such as  prosecution, charities, human rights and racial equality.

They carry out executive functions on behalf of government ministers and/or departments.

The head of these departments is often appointed by a government minister. 

Non-ministerial Departments

1. Central Office of Information (COI)

2. Charity Commission for England and Wales

3. Commissioners for the Reduction of the National Debt (CRND)

4. Crown Estate (CE)

5. Export Credits Guarantee Department (ECGD)

6. Food Standards Agency

7. Office for Standards in Education (OFSTED)

8. Office of Fair Trading (OFT)

9. Office of Rail Regulation (ORR)10. Ordnance Survey

11. Parliamentary Counsel Office (PCO)

12. Public Works Loan 13. Board (PWLB)14. Serious Fraud Office (SFO)15. The National Archives

3.Departmental Composition

- Minister or Secretaries of State head a department.

- Within that department, there are political appointments and official appointments.

- Political appointments include junior ministers, parliamentary private secretaries, and the special advisors. Generally appointed by the Prime Minister.

- Official appointments include + Departmental Permanent Secretary + Executive Agency Chief Executives

The pyramid of power in atypical government department

Cabinet Minister

Junior Ministers

Senior Civil Servants headedby a Permanent Secretary

4. Ministerial responsibilities

Collective responsibility

Individual responsibility

Support all govern-mental decisions

Bear all responsi-bilities of department

Resign if his/ her departmnet

perform badly

5.1 Her Majesty’s Treasury -HM Treasury

- Responsible for developing and executing the British government's public finance policy and economic policy.

- The minister of the Treasury is called Chancellor of the Exchequer - the Chancellor

- It is the only office of the four Great Offices not to have been occupied by a woman

George Osborne

The head office of HM’s treasury

5.2. Home Office - Responsible for

• Immigration and passports• Drugs policy• Crime• Counter-terrorism • Police

- Subordinate to the home office are many like: criminal records bureau, identity and passport service, uk border agency

- The home secretary is Theresa May

The head office of Home Office

5.3 Foreign office -  FCO

Responsible for promoting the interests of the United Kingdom overseas

Created in 1968 by merging the Foreign Office and the Commonwealth Office

The current Foreign Secretary is William Hague.

Regarded as one of the three most prestigious appointments in the Cabinet, alongside those of Chancellor of the Exchequer and Home Secretary.

The head office of Foreign office

William Hague- Foreign secretary

6.UK’s Civil service

• Civil service and its responsibility

• Who is civil servant?

• Minister and civil servant

Responsibilities of the civil service are to develop, implement, deliver government policies to the public as effectively as possible.

Civil service works in a wide range of areas involving all daily life matters so the staff of civil service has largest employers in the UK about 490000 civil servants

Civil servant

Civil servants are the servant of the Crown. They implement the will of politicians. The basic features of a civil servant are– Impartiality and

political neutrality– Anonymity– Permanence

Classic symbol of the civil servant – though few wear a bowler hat

Who has the greater influence?

The Minister or the civil servant?

In theory

• Ministers set the policy agenda

→ Civil servants advise on policy option

→ Ministers make final decision

In practice

• Most senior civil servant positions are only for people working in it for 20 years or more get salary higher than their minister

• Know well all matters in department

Now the head of civil service is Sir Gus O'Donnell

Ministries in Vietnam1. Ministry of national defence-

Bộ Quốc phòng;

2. Ministry of public security-Bộ Công an

3. Ministry of foreign affairs-Bộ Ngoại giao

4. Ministry of justice-Bộ Tư pháp

5. Ministry of finance-Bộ Tài chính

6. Ministry of industry and trade-Bộ công thương

7. Ministry of labour-war invalids-social affairs-Bộ Lao động - Thương binh và Xã hội;

8. Ministry of transport-Bộ Giao thông Vận tải;9. Ministry of construction-Bộ Xây dựng;10. Ministry of fishing-Bộ Thủy sản11. Ministry of information and communication-

Bộ Thông tin- truyền thông

12. Ministry of education and training-Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo;

13. ministry of agriculture and rural development- Bộ Nông nghiệp và Phát triển Nông thôn;

14. Ministry of culure, sport and tourism-bộ văn hóa, thể thao và du lịch

15. Ministry of planning and investment-Bộ Kế hoạch và Đầu tư;

16. Ministry of health- Bộ Y tế,

17. Ministry of science and technology-Bộ Khoa học và Công nghệ;

18. Ministry of natural resources and environment Bộ Tài nguyên và Môi trường;

19. Ministry of telecommunication- Bộ Bưu chính, Viễn thông;

20. Ministry of home affairs- Bộ Nội vụ.

Ministerial offices1. Government inspectorate-Thanh tra Nhà nước

2. The state bank of Vietnam-Ngân hàng Nhà nước

3.  Committee for Sport -Ủy ban Thể dục Thể thao

4. Committee for ethnic affairs- Ủy ban Dân tộc

5.  Committee for population, family and children -Ủy ban Dân số, Gia đình và Trẻ em

6. Office of government-Văn phòng Chính phủ

The pyramid of power in atypical government department in Vietnam

Minister

Deputy minister

The head of ministerial office/ organization

LOCAL GOVERNMENT

I. BACKGROUND:

- Plays a vital role in representing the interests of its citizens, delivering and commissioning local services and promoting the Big Society.

- Also have a crucial role to play in ensuring that day-to-day services to their communities are efficient and effective, offer good value for money and deliver what people actually want.

II. LOCAL GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE:

Across the country, local governmental bodies are organized into a mixture of one-tier and two-tier systemsTypical example: local authorities in England:

a) Single tier authorities are:- Metropolitan authorities- London Boroughs- Unitary or shire authoritiesb) Two tier authorities are comprised of:- County councils- District councils

 

1 . COUNTY COUNCILS

- Were formed in the UK in the late 19th century- Are the oldest divisions of the country in England and

Wales.- After local government reforms in the 1970s: + In Scotland: county councils were abolished regional councils unitary council areas. + In Northern Ireland: county councils were abolished district councils. + In England: they generally form the top level in a two-

tier system of administration + In Wales: they are unitary authorities.

2. DISTRICT COUNCILS:

Each county is divided into several districts. District councils cover smaller areas

District councils with borough or city status may be called borough councils or city councils instead of district council, but their role is exactly the same.

3. UNITARY AUTHORITIES:

• In London, each borough is a unitary authority, but the Greater London Authority (the Mayor and Assembly) provides London-wide government with responsibility for certain services like transport and police.

• In April 2009, the government introduced unitary governments in seven regions in England; reducing 44 local authorities down to just nine

to simplify the system, as local residents were increasingly confused about which local authority was responsible for local services.

• In Scotland, there is a unitary system with one level of local government. + The largest unitary authority: the City of Glasgow+ The smallest unitary authority: Orkney.

• In Northern Ireland, there are local councils, but most services are carried out by other organizations

4. TOWN AND PARISH COUNCILS:

• Parishes were originally villages centered on a local church.• They became a unit of local government in the 19th

century.) • Today, they are the smallest unit of local government in

England. There are over 8,000 parish councils or meetings. They're responsible for services like allotments, public

toilets, parks and ponds, war memorials, and local halls and community centers. They are sometimes described as the third tier of local government.

• In Wales: called them community councils - the lowest level of subdivision below unitary authority areas, have the same function.

• In Scotland: have community councils with fewer powers. • There is no equivalent in Northern Ireland.

5. FINANCE

Local authorities in Great Britain (but not Iceland) raise revenue from:

Central government grants, which finance about 85% of spending

Non- domestic rates

The council tax

Fees and charges

6. FUNCTIONS & SERVICES

ArrangementUpper tier authority ( county councils)

Lower tier authority (district councils)

Shire counties

waste management, education, libraries, social services, transport, strategic planning, consumer protection

housing, waste collection, council tax collection, local planning, licensing, cemeteries and crematoria

Unitaryauthorities

housing, waste management, waste collection, council tax collection, education, libraries, social services, transport, planning, consumer protection, licensing, cemeteries and crematoria †

Metropolitan counties

housing, waste collection, council tax collection, education, libraries, social services, transport, planning, consumer protection, licensing, cemeteries and crematoria †

Greater transport, strategic planning, regional development, police, fire

housing, waste collection, council tax collection, education, libraries, social services, local planning, consumer protection, licensing, cemeteries.

British political parties Conservative

• History: Developing from the group of MPs known as the Tories in the early 19th century.

• Traditional outlook: right of center; standing for hierarchy authority and minimal government interference in the economy.

• Since 1979: reforming of education, welfare, housing... to increase consumer choice or to introduce ‘’market economies’’

Conservative

Organization: leader has relatively great degree of freedom to direct policy.

Leader in Jan 1995: John Major

Voters: the richer sections of society and a large minority of the working class.

Money: mostly donations from business people.

Labor party• History: forming at the beginning of the 20 century

from an alliance of trade unionists and intellectuals

• First government in 1923.

• Traditional outlook: left of center; standing for equality, for the weaker people, more government involvement in the economy; more concerning to provide full social services than to keep income tax low.

Labor party

Since 1979: opposition to conservative reforms; recently, emphasis on community ethnics and looser links with trade unions.

Organization:

- In theory, policies have to be approved bu annual conference.

- In practice, leader has more power than this implies.

Labor party

Leader in Jan 1995: Tony Blair

Voters: working class, a small middle class intelligentsia.

Money: more than half from trade union.

Liberal Democratic party

History: forming in the late 1980s from a union of the Liberal and the Social Democrats

Policies: - Regarded as in the center or sightly left of

center. - has always been strongly in favour of the EU - Places more emphasis on the environment - Believes in giving greater powers to local

goverment and in reform of the electoral system.

Liberal Democratic party

Leader in Jan 1995: Paddy Ashdown

Voter: from all classes, but more from the middle class

Money: private donations

Vietnamese political party

History: found on Feb 3,1930.

The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a single-party state_ communist party of Vietnam.

The central role of the Communist Party of Vietnam was reasserted in all organs of government, politics and society.

Vietnamese political party

Voters: all classes in society (from eighteen years old).

Leader in 1930: Ho Chi Minh