wasla isuue 30

8/4/2019 wasla isuue 30

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30 - 2011 20

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2011 20 30 www.wasla.anhri.net 11

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2011 20 30 www.wasla.anhri.net 13

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14/16


Syria dispatch the road to Qardaha

A British reader o this website who until

recently lived in Syria sent in this dispatch,

about his last ew weeks in Damascus.

The broad-shouldered middle-aged fg-

ure walked into the internet ca and sat

down in ront o the manager. The black

leather jacket and olive trousers de ri-

gueur in those circles marked him out

as a member o the Mukhabarat, Syrias

eared secret police. He wanted to know

i anybody had been looking at opposition

websites critical o the government.Not at all, my riend said in Arabic, we

always look out or that kind o behaviour;

in act, on my screen here I can see every-

body elses computer so know straight away

i they are doing something illicit, at the

same time closing the incriminating web-

sites on his desktop. The policemen nodded

approvingly and picked up the list held by

all Syrian internet caes - that records the

name, identity number and entry time o

customers.

Beore he let however, the operative had

just one more question: he wanted to know

how it was that young Syrians were able to

fnd these websites in the frst place? My

riend began to apprise him o Google and

its use as a search engine, this was clearly

the frst time hed heard o this wondrous

new programme, but already his mind was

working, Were going to have to shut down

this Google thing.

What? Close Google? my riend said.

Yep, came the reply.

I witnessed this exchange in early May

2011, two months on rom the outbreak

o protests and nearly two years on rom

when I had frst arrived in the country with

the aim o improving my spoken Arabic.

As the protests grew in size and intensity

the requency with which my riends and

I would encounter the states security ap-

paratus increased as the countrys Alawite

leadership struggled to maintain control

over the country.

Panic

I watched as the predominantly Chris-

tian neighbourhood in which I lived retreat-

ed inside itsel. Whipped up into a mass o

hysteria as the Mukhabarat sent memos to

shopkeepers warning o imminent attacks

on their churches by Salafsts (members

o an extreme sect o Islam) - supposedly

sponsored by the Saudi Prince Bandar bin

Sultan barricades were erected and

manned throughout the night whilst un-

deremployed youths patrolled the narrowlanes with sticks and axes waiting or this

imagined threat.

To be clear, despite the tolerance and the

pluralistic attitude to religion espoused by

Arabist

http://www.arabist.net

Assads government its greatest selling

point the sectarian divisions have always

run deep. Whether it were warnings by

young Christian men that the manner in

which I greeted others was redolent o lo-

cal Muslims and as such should be avoided,

or the concern with which athers greeted

news o their daughters mixing with Mus-

lim men, the divisions were evident and in

existence long beore anyone had heard o

a ruit seller in Tunisia.

It is this sectarianism and minority ear

that account or the support the govern-

ment is receiving rom the Christian quar-

ter as they identiy with the governments

own minority status. Shocked by the kill-

ings being carried out by the Syrian secu-

rity orces the vast majority o Christians I

spoke to (nearly always in Arabic) want to

see reorms, but within the ramework o

the current government. They ear that the

all o the regime would see the ascendency

o a conservative Sunni dominated govern-

ment in which their rights as a religious

minority would be subordinate to those o

this threatened Islamic state. As one Chris-

tian owner o a successul ast ood chain

pointed out to me, in Egypt the Copts can-

not build new churches or extensions on

their existing ones, here (Syria) we never

have that problem.

Divisions

It would however be a gross simplifcar

the President) along the other. Friends

were lost and managers antagonised as

Facebook pages revealed a persons true

allegiances. This same riend told how her

manager, upon seeing that she belonged to

an opposition Facebook group, sent her a

threatening email asking that she consider

very careully her position at the company.

And therein lays one o the truths re-

vealed by current events: the present re-

gime has created a system in which a ew

prosper at the expense o the many. It is se-

nior managers and the businessman close

to the regime that have most to lose rom

any upheaval.

niority lines. Although the students were

too rightened to make their opinions ex-

plicit, they would express their grievances

with the regime by vocalising in class in

ront o their bosses their displeasure

with their salaries, all the while disguised

as English language practice. The manag-

ers were always content.

Riches

It was a common rerain rom localriends that Syria no longer has a middle

class, ya auk, ya taht (you are either at

the top or at th e bottom). Taxi drivers were

oten at a loss to explain to me why both

cars and mobile phone units were more

expensive in Syria than in the UK. Their

reticence not a sign o ignorance, but an ac-

knowledgement o the act that a group o

powerul amilies close to the government

run what is essentially a monopoly in both

industries, the criticism o whom would not

be tolerated.

In 2003, Riyad Sai, a member o parlia-

ment and vocal opponent o the govern-

ment, dared to question whether a deal

made by SyriaTel (the state telecom pro-

vider, owned by the Presidents cousin Rami

Maklou) was in the interest o Syria. He re-

ceived fve years in prison.

Aside rom the knowledge that the gov-

ernment has presided over a period o wid-

ening income inequality in an already poor

country, without making any serious eort

to reorm, people are upset by the preva-

lence o wasta. With no real equivalent

in the English language, it is almost a cross

between nepotism, power and bribery, with

the dierence being that it is something

one possesses. The need or wasta perme-

ates every level o society; it is not simply a

case o a ew people using their contacts to

gain an advantage in a particular circum-

stance. Instead it is the ability to have a

government document processed quickly,

avoid military service, or simply the power

to circumvent the ubiquitous payment o

bribes that plague the public sector. Jok-

ingly reereed to as Vitamin W, in reer-

ence to the economic pickup it provides its

owners, wasta was used in coded criticism

o the elite as a substitute or the word ew

would dare utter; assad corruption.

Protest

On a Friday aternoon in mid-March Iwas strolling through the cobbled lanes

o the old-city with my girlriend and her

mother. As we ascended the steps leading

to that ancient seat o power and learning,

the Omayyad Mosque, we began to hear a

commotion. Hastening through the alley-

way towards the sound we turned the cor-

ner into the main square, our ears suddenly

assaulted by the cacophony o noise as pro-

democracy protestors chanted slogans in

competition with those backing the regime.

Allah, Suriya, hurriya God, Syria, ree-

dom the rhyme heightening the sense o

defance in their voices.

Allah, Suriya, Bashar wa bass God,

Syria, and Bashar, only retorted a choir

o paid inormants and Mukhabarat; the

sheer volume overwhelming the democra-

cy activists, but the incongruities o sounds

and lack o harmony were almost a signpost

to the hollowness o the regime they were

propping up.

Making our way through the crowds in

ront o the mosque we eventually passed

into a side street lined with buses. In the

innocence o those early days the buses

had not yet come to take on the symbolism

that they later would, oblivious to what was

happening we pressed on. We heard the

shouts beore we saw the man; he was being

dragged rom behind us, the three men - all

clad in black leather jackets, one carrying

an asp pulled the stricken man past us,

up to the entrance o one o the buses and

deposited him inside. The bus shook as the

fgures inside it moved about, but we were

not to know the reason, or the curtains had

been drawn.

The next ew weeks witnessed a gradual

escalation in the size o protests and the

demands o the activists, with each Friday

like a set-piece in a game o ootball be-

tween the regime and its opponents.

Journalist & Commentator Issandr El_Amrani

shares the observations o a British man whorecently lived in Syria about his last ew weeks

in Damascus. He talks about the panic in a

predominantly Christian neighbourhood when

the secret police told them that their churcheswill be attacked by the Salafs, and speaks

about their ear that the all o the regime

would see the ascendency o a conservative

Sunni dominated government in which theirrights would be subordinate to those o this

threatened Islamic state.

http://bit.ly/nvyBUV



15/16

2011 20 30 www.wasla.anhri.net 15Younes: a traitor.. not a traitor !

Nobody knew what to expect as we

headed to Benghazis local version o Tahrir

Square, called Courthouse Square. We were

going anyway to cover the usual Friday

prayers. Abdul Fattah Younes, the top com-

mander o the rebels army was killed yes-

terday in very mysterious circumstances.

The streets were as calm as ever.. just

like any other morning. The usual armed

men outside Tibesty Hotel had disappeared

last night ater the shootings. They are nowback.

Upon our arrival to the square we were

surprised to fnd that the uneral o Younes

was actually about to take place, just then !

There was actually a cofn.. even two. One

was Younes and the other was that o one

the two ofcers killed with him. So does

that mean they ound the body? We had

been told yesterday that there was no body.

Would there be a uneral without a body?

I ound out late at night that the body had

been burned. That was probably the reason

why Mustapha Abdul Jalil, the head o the

Transitional National Council said they

were looking or the body.

I ound a young man sitting on one side

o the square, eyes flled with tears. He

turned out to be Younes son. He told me the

body was indeed in the cofn but he would

not tell me when they had ound it, where

or how.

The atmosphere was o utmost sadness.

Last Friday when I came to the square

it was very touching to see women sobbing

over the martyrs. But today it was the men

shedding tears. I saw depressed aces. I saw

shock in their eyes. I elt sorrow in their

voices.

Younes was clearly a popular fgure in

the square. He was called a martyr, like

Abdul Jalil had called him. No talk o trea-

son here or o the Councils questioning o

Younes. The culprit is : The Fith Column

---> Gaddaf.

Members o his Special Forces Battalion

vowed they would take revenge. His neph-

Dima El-Khatib

http://www.dimakhatib.com

Considering the necessity or

bloggers and public opinion makers

to touch base, The Arabic Network

or Human Rights Inormation

with the cooperation o bloggers is

launching the project WASLA.

WASLA is a printed periodic that

publishes selected articles o Arab

Wasla bloggers work . Blogs content will be

the core o the newspaper in addition

to various news reports that monitor

the Arabic virtual reality.

WASLA aims at enhancing commu-

nication between bloggers and pub-

lic opinion makers in politics, media

and human rights, those who are not

riendly with internet or communi-

cation gadgets. WASLA issues will be

delivered to them in person while be-

ing available or ree in specifc book-

stores and newspaper stalls.

In addition , WASLA aims to widen

blogs reader base and spread the con-

cept o blogging . WASLA , targeting all

social classes, will act as a orum to

convey bloggers thoughts and cre-

ativities to the public.

Thereore ANHRI calls invites all

bloggers in the Arab world to par-

ticipate in this project by giving their

consent to WASLA to quote their ar-

ticles and other content.

ew said that his tribe, El Oubaidat, backed

the TNC, backed Abdul Jalil. However, lets

not orget two things : frst, that although

this might well be the position o the tribe

but he does not speak or the whole tribe,

and second that it was not the TNC that is-

sued the arrest warrant or Younes, it was

the TNCs Executive Ofce, namely Ali El

Issawi. While Abdul Jalil is reported to have

issued a release order or Younes.. but it

was too late then.

The uneral was solemn. The scene o his

amily members standing in one row as his

cofn is being put in the ground was quite

powerul. They started fring into the air..

and they kept doing it or more than 10 min-

utes. It was truly rightening. It only shows

how much respect they hold or Younes.

Behind the scenes, people close to the

military told me they had been suspect-

ing or one month that Younes had been in

touch with Tripoli and even Cairo. I asked

about the presumed wrong coordinates

given to NATO, the answer was: naaah that

was just a rumour, he did not do th at.

The head o the armed group that is ac-

cused o having shot Younes has been ar-

rested but he did not do it. Someone else

in his group did it. I was told that the group

used to fght alongside the revolutionaries,

but split a while back.

So would the fth column be so good as

to infltrate so perectly in order to execute

such an operation against quite an impor-

tant man both militarily and politically? I

Gaddafs men are capable o that, then it is

quite a concern. Benghazi was thought to

have become completely sae.

During the night the fth column is

reported to have broken into a prison and

reed around 80 pro-Gaddaf prisoners, 60

o which National Security men managed

to catch while 20 are still out there.

It is clear there is competition between

dierent actions fghting Gaddaf troops.

It is clear there is also a dierence between

the NTC and its Executive Ofce. But I

guess that is all very normal. Nothing here

is homogenous. The only thing that unites

people is to go ater Gaddaf.

We get rid o Gaddaf frst, said someone

at the uneral, then we deal with our own is-

sues.

I suddenly remembered how I had heard

a politician say a ew days ago: is Abdul Fat-

tah Younes dead yet? I did not take it seri-

ously then. Little did I know I should well

have!

Dima El-Khatin, Al-Jazeera reporter, describes

the sad atmosphere in the uneral o Abdulat-tah Younes, the top commandor o the rebels

army who was killed along with two o his

ofcers in mysterious circumstances. Yet, she

monitors the dierences and competitionsbetween the dierent actions fghting Gad-

daf troops. She thinks that this is all pretty

normal, as the only thing that unite people in

Libya is to go ater Gaddaf.

http://bit.ly/qA2fdf



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