wireless technology innovation labs wti 1...

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Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI

第二代移动通信系统向第三代移动通信系统第二代移动通信系统向第三代移动通信系统

演进演进

徐国鑫徐国鑫

Wireless TechInnovationWireless TechInnovation

北京邮电大学无线通信新技术研究室

[email protected]

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11 。移动通信的发展。移动通信的发展

22 。无线网络的演进。无线网络的演进

33 。核心网的演进。核心网的演进

44 。业务的演进。业务的演进

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移动通信各代典型系统特点

典型代表技术特性

第一代 AMPS 小区制蜂窝系统模拟话音

第二代 GSM 数字蜂窝（ TDMA ）

数字话音，数据速率 9.6Kb/S

第二代半 GPRS 通用分组数字蜂窝数据速率 115Kb/s, 数据在线连接

第三代 W-CDMA 宽带码分多址，实现宽带多媒体业务

数据速率最高达 2Mb/s ，数据在线连接宽带数据

业务

后三代 … … …

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InformationServicesSMS

ChatRoomE-Mail

m-stock trading

m-bankingm-cash

Picture Mail

Route planning

Multi-playerGames

Mobile OfficeSchedule Management

Work flow ManagementElectronic Conference

File Sharing

Radio

Music

Video Mail

Video streaming

Web

Interactive TVTV Conference

低低速速数数据据

高高速速数数据据

WAPWAP

GPRSGPRS

3G3G

99 Q1

99 Q4

00 Q4

01 Q4

移动数据业务发展方向

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频率因素比较—频率适用性800 820 840 860 900 920 940 960

欧洲872 ## GSM 917 933 GSM

890 905 915 935 950 960

AMPS AMPS CDMA 900 CDMA 900

美国 DAMPS/CDMA DAMPS/CDMA825 845 850 870 890 895

日本 PDC PDC810 825 860 870 915 925 940 955

业务划分数据 CT2 数据

无中

心传送广播定位

中国 806 821

825 835

840

843

851

866

870

880

885 885 890

903 909

915

917

925 930

935

942.

5 948

960

使用分配

中国电信

中国电信联通

CDMA

联通中国移动

接力集群

JTACS JTACS

集群

共用

CDMA

联通

军队中国移动

GSM GSM

880

军队ETACS

联通

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中国频率资源分配 :

TD-SCDMAW-CDMA

空中接口TDDFDD

模式20 + 15 MHz60 + 60 MHz

频段1.6 MHz 5 MHz

射频带宽可用性

现在现在

1900 1920 1980 2010 2025

60 MHz60 MHz20 MHz

15 MHz

FDD ( 上行 ) FDD ( 下行 )TDDTDD 卫星空

30MHz

2110 2170

空

1885

85 MHz15

MHz

双工间隔 190 MHz

现在 1.6 MHz15 + 85 MHzTDD? TD-SCDMA

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Power

Frequency

Time

FDMAFrequency

Power Time

FDMA/TDMA

FrequencyCDMA

Power

Time

多址方式多址方式

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第二代系统空中接口 -GSM

微蜂窝小区结构工作频段： 800/1900 或 900M/1800M数字化技术 --- 语音信号数字化新的调制方式 ---GMSK 、 QPSK 等FDMA/TDMA频谱利用率高，系统容量大便于实现通信安全保密信道宽度： 200khz每个载波的用户数 8 个

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用户的接入方式采用码分多址（ CDMA ）软容量、软切换，系统容量大抗多径衰落可运用话音激活、分集接收等先进技术频率 800/1900

信号带宽 1.25MHz

每个信道的用户数约为 20 个频道划分方式： FDMA+CDMA

第二代系统空中接口 -CDMA

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第三代数字蜂窝移动通信系统第三代数字蜂窝移动通信系统3G 的主要特点：支持移动多媒体业务宽带 CDMA 技术高频谱效率 FDMA/TDMA/CDMA

从电路交换到分组交换从媒体 (media) 到多媒体 (Multi-medi

a)

高保密性全球范围无缝漫游系统微蜂窝结构

主流技术： WCDMA

cdma2000

TD-SCDMA

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移动网的主要元素移动网的主要元素

移动网移动网

移动用户移动用户移动用户移动用户

无线网络无线网络无线网络无线网络核心网核心网核心网核心网

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网络需求

• 保证业务的传输保证业务的传输

• 对于高速业务对于高速业务

• 对于大量用户对于大量用户

• 对低速用户对低速用户

可靠性可靠性可靠性可靠性

灵活性灵活性灵活性灵活性

高吞吐率高吞吐率高吞吐率高吞吐率

高效传输高效传输低成本网络低成本网络高效传输高效传输低成本网络低成本网络

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业务需求• 2G 2G 到到 33GG 平滑过渡平滑过渡

• 明显的明显的 3G3G 网络收益网络收益

在在 3G3G 引入中的地域补充引入中的地域补充提供提供 2G2G 的主要业务的主要业务在在 3G3G 引入中的地域补充引入中的地域补充提供提供 2G2G 的主要业务的主要业务

高速多媒体传输高速多媒体传输高速多媒体传输高速多媒体传输

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Network Architecture for Both 2G and 3G Services3G 在 2G 网络上重叠

在两个网上共享用户信息

3GRAN

2G RAN 2G Core Network

3G Core Network(3GPP R99)

HLR (User Profile)

移动用户

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双网服务• 在引入阶段，在已存在的 2G 网络上做 3G 业务补充• 用户必须激活起所期望得到服务的网络。• HLR 管理激活状态

PDCIMT

PDC ServiceActivation

Call terminating

IMT ACTIVE

MSC/VLRMSC

PDC ACTIVE

IMT ServiceActivation

HLR

GMSC(2) Incoming Call

(3) Interrogation of ACTIVATION STATE

(4)’ Call termination to PDC (Case: B)(4) Call termination to IMT (Case: A)

Case:B Activation State → GSM ACTIVEIMT INACTIVE

Case:A Activation State

→ IMT ACTIVEGSM INACTIVE

(1)’ PDC Service Activation

(1) IMT Service Activation

PDC PDCIMT-2000

MSISDN: 090-1234-5678CASE A CASE B

For migration from 2G to

3G

For migration from 2G to

3G


市场趋势• 语音和数据的集成• 需要大量带宽的媒体• 基于 Internet 的业务• 新的增值应用• 用户归属的竞争

在智能终端上的易用廉价服务

移动应用

社会发展趋势• 通信全球化• 逐渐增长的 Internet 和 email 应

用• 远程办公

• 开发的标准和户操作性• 更好的频谱利用率• 更大的系统容量• 更小、更轻，更便宜

技术趋势

市场驱动力

Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI Emerging Challenges for the

Operator

• Maintaining profit margins

–Existing wireless operators have to look beyond traditional voice services in order to maintain and grow margins

More 2GMore 2Gspectrumspectrum

FallingFallingbarriers &barriers &

market deregmarket dereg

InternationalInternationalCompetitionCompetition

Aggressive Aggressive competitioncompetition

Innovative Innovative service service offeringsofferings

MaintainingMaintainingprofit marginsprofit margins

Voice:Voice:A commodityA commodity

serviceservice

More 2GMore 2GPlayersPlayers

UpcomingUpcoming3G3G

spectrumspectrum

New 3GNew 3Gplayersplayers

ImprovingImprovingCellularCellular

TechnologyTechnology

IncreasingIncreasingcapacitycapacity

Loss of voice premiums• New sources of revenue

essential to build a business case for the development of new technology

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Market Progression Toward Wireless

Traditional DataFrame relay

ATMTCP/IP

Ethernet (wired)

Traditional PSTNPOTSISDNxDSL

Traditional Wireless VoiceTDMACDMAGSM

IS-41/GSM-MAP

Wireless

3G Cellular/PCS evolvingto UMTS

Fixed wireless (LMDS/MMDS)

Wireless LAN (802.11)

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Wireless Applications• Vertical Business• Mobile Office• Personal Finance• Entertainment• Information & Travel• Shopping• Friends & Family• Route Planning


CommunicationsEntertainmentE-CommerceInformationTransaction

Travel

Asymmetric &Symmetric

Transmission

Multi-MediaApplications

GlobalRoaming3G 3G2G 3G

EnhancedVoice

High SpectralEfficiency

Multi-EnvironmentOperation

Vehicular,Outdoor to Indoor, Indoor Office,Satellite

Third Generation (ITU) Requirements High Speed

Packet & Circuit Data144 kbps vehicular

384 kbps pedestrian2 Mbps indoor

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Wireless Technologies Map

100

Mb

ps

10

1

0.1

WANLANPANLast 10 Feet Last M ileLast 60 -100 Feet

Bluetooth/802.15

Ethernet

802.11b

Cable M odem

ADSL

3G Cellular/PCS

HomeRF

2G Cellular/PCS

Fixed Wireless(All Categories)

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UMTSCore

Network

SS7 NetworkCircuitSwitchedNetwork

Packet DataNetworkUTRAN

MAP C,D,E,F,G, Gr, Gf, GcINAP, CAMEL

GiIu

ISUP

Operational 3G Network

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Air Interface Evolution to 3G

TDMA(IS-136)

CDMA(IS95)

TDMAIS-136+

UMTS / W-CDMA

GSM++ / IS136 HSEDGE/GPRS

(Rate 3&4)

cdma2000 (5MHz)

IMT-2000 Capable Systems ExistingSpectrum

NewSpectrum

GSM+ w/GPRS (Rate 1&2)GSM

CDMA(ANSI-95-B) cdma2000 (1.25MHz)

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Air Interface Evolution (Based on GSM Infrastructure)

Legend:PDN - Packet Data NetworkCSN - Circuit Switched NetworkSS7 - Signaling System 7 Network

2G

W ire lessPDN

2GW ire lessSS7

2G

W ire lessCSN

GSM GSM + w/GPRS

TDM A (IS-136)

2G

W ire less

CSN

GSM/EDGE Radio AccessNetwork (GERAN)

UMTS Terrestrial Radio AccessNetwork (UTRAN)

Network SwitchingSubsystem (NSS)

and

GPRS Support Node(GSN)

3G Wireless Core

3G Wireless Network

2G

W ire less

Other 3GWirelessNetwork

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2G vs. 3G Wireless Migration

Telephone

Modem

RadioTower (BTS)

WirelessPDA

MSC

CentralOffice

RadioTower (BTS)

Access NetworkDevices Services Layer

ClosedServices

Laptop computer

Desktop PC

Transport Network

3G WirelessBackbone is

Packet-Based

3rd PartyApplications

2G AirInterface

2G

Wireless3G Air

Interface

Indicates Broadband Access

2G WirelessBackbone isTDM-Based

IP

Signaling

HLR/VLR

Billing

Location

PKI

WAP

AAA

DNS

ServiceGateway

MSC

Wireline Local Loop

Cell Phone

IXC

ISP(Data)

WirelessIN (WIN)

BSC

BSC

Wireline IN

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3G Trials

cdma2000

Sprint

Bell Atlantic

IDO / DDI

cdma2000

Sprint

Bell Atlantic

IDO / DDI

TDMAUWC-136HS/EDGE

AT&T Wireless

TDMAUWC-136HS/EDGE

AT&T Wireless

UMTS

NTT DoCoMo

Vodafone-Air Touch

Omnitel

UMTS

NTT DoCoMo

Vodafone-Air Touch

Omnitel

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Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTIWireless Applications Environment

AnyPath UnifiedMessaging

PersonalPortalPages

Location Database

WAP Gateway

IP/ATM Core Network

SDH/Optical

Mobile Access

EmailServer

Voice & Fax Mail server Pre-paid Billing

E-commerce

Voice BrowserInternet Message

Management

SMS-CCBC

ServiceApplications

NetworkManagement

USSD Server

Micro browser

SMS CB USSD CSD Packet

VPN

ExternalDatabases

GGSN/SGSN

MSC

Post-paid Billing

InternetInternet

LAN/IntranetLAN/Intranet

TelephoneTelephone

Applications&

Content

Applications&

Content

Customer care

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Packet Network Roadmap

Circuit RAN Voice & Data

PSTNWireless Packet Data:• Add EDGE/GPRS Data Services (TDMA)• Add cdma2000/M-IP Data Services (CDMA)• Bypass PSTN with Packet IP/ATM Core Network (Voice Tandem)

Wireless Multimedia:• Integrated Multimedia via 3G Packet RAN• Common Feature Servers for Wireless and Wireline• Common Core Network for TDMA & UMTS• Common VoP Network for TDMA, cdma2000 & UMTS

RAN - Radio Access Network

Packet RANData

Packet Core

Network

Circuit RAN Voice

PSTN

3G Packet RANVoice & Data

Packet Core

Network

PSTN

Circuit CoreCircuit Core

All IP NetworkAll IP Network

Packet Core/Packet Core/Hybrid Packet?Hybrid Packet?

Wireless Circuit Voice and Low Speed Circuit Data

PSTNGateway

PSTNGateway

FeatureServer

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IP is Evolving to Meet the Need

• IP Extensions to Support Cellular Attributes– Passive Connectivity– Mobility Management– Handoff Mechanisms– Quality of Service– Billing Mechanisms– Ubiquitous Scalability

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Introduction for 3G Mobile Communication System

1) Why 3G?

2) 2G to 3G Evolution

3) Comparison between 2G , 2.5G & 3G.

4) Standardizing Committee for 3G.

5) Two major proposals for 3G mobile communication.

6) Comparison between W-CDMA & cdma2000.

7) Harmonization efforts for global systems.

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Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI 3) Comparison between 2G , 2.5G & 3G

Aspects 2G 2.5G 3GFrequency band They operate at

multiple frequencybands, 800-900

MHz (cellular band)& in 1.5-1.8 GHz

(PCS band)

The same as 2G Use of commonglobal frequency

band1885 – 2025 MHz

&2210 – 2200 MHz

Roaming Generally limited tospecific region

The same as 2G Improved in globalroaming due to the

use of commonglobal frequency.

Data services Good for voice butlimited in data

application;less than 32Kbps

Good for voice butimproved in dataservices by usingGPRS that can

operates at172Kbps, EDGE

that can operates at384kbps

Perfect for voicesupport many data

services from atleast 144kbps in

mobility till 2Mbpsindoor

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Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI Digital modulationUse GMSK

for GSM &64-aryorthogonalmodulationfor IS-95

GPRS is thesame likeGSM,EDGE use(8-PSK)

Use QPSK

Commonalityfor differentoperatingenvironment

optimizedfor specificoperatingenvironmente.g.: FWA,vehicular &pedestrian

The same as2G plusinternetaccess

Maximizing the commonalityoptimizing of radio interface formultiple operating environmente.g.: vehicular, pedestrian, office, FWA& satellite operation

Quality ofservices(QOS)

Limitedquality ofservices dueto presenceof blocking,and limitedcapacity

ImprovedQOScompared to2G but stilldidn’t meetthe marketrequirements

4 classes of QOS conversational classused for (e.g. voice call), streamingclass used for (video on demand) thesetwo types are used for delay sensitiveapplication. interactive class usedfor(e.g. telnet), and background classused for (downloading) these two typesare used for delay insensitiveapplication

Types ofswitching

Use onlycircuitswitching

Use bothcircuit andpacketswitching

Use both circuit and packet switching

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6) Comparison between W-CDMA & cdma2000

Technology W-CDMA Cdma2000 Chip rate 4.096 then become

3.84Mcps 3.6864Mcps

Forward link pilot structure

Dedicated pilot with TDM

Common pilot with CDM

Forward link modes A multi-carrier mode capable of overlay onto IS-95 carriers

Base station timing synchronization

asynchronous Synchronous using GPS receiver

17.8/22.4 for self evolution

36.7/29 for self evolution Spectrum efficiency for forward link/ reverse link measured in Erlang/MHz/cell

18.4/22 for chines evolution

26.4/27.2 for chines evolution

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BC (Before Cellular)

• Single Channel Radio Telephone– High power transmitter on a high spot– Each user has own channel– range of 50 miles

• Trunked Radio– “Trunking efficiency” by sharing channels– More spectrum efficient

• Cellular– like Trunked radio, share the channels– Low power= small coverage area– Low power = frequency reuse– More expensive infrastructure

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Data - What Are Consumer Needs?

• Affordable– Terminal– Service

• “Attractive” terminal– Human factors input / output– Battery life– Form factor

• Responsiveness– Useful data (“walled garden”)– Quick response– Sorted response (time critical / location critical)

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Applications

Video Conferencing

Video Conferencing

Email with attachmentsEmail with

attachments

File TransferFile Transfer

Mobile Intranet Access

Mobile Intranet Access

Games with limited graphics

Games with limited graphics

Audio/VideoClip DownloadAudio/Video

Clip Download

Still PictureStill Picture

Web SurfingWeb Surfing

BankingBanking

InformationServices

InformationServices

Video-GamesVideo-Games

Streaming Audio/VideoStreaming

Audio/Video

2G Wireless Networks

2G Wireless Networks

2.5G WirelessNetworks

2.5G WirelessNetworks

3G WirelessNetworks

3G WirelessNetworks

GSMGSM GPRSGPRS UMTSUMTSCourtesy Don Gibson, Philips, Santa Clara, CACourtesy Don Gibson, Philips, Santa Clara, CA

SMS/ e-mailSMS/ e-mail

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Data Services- MiddlewareWAP I-Mode

Gen A protocol A system

Standard Open standard from WAP Forum

Propriety to DoCoMo

Language WML - hard to learn cHTML - a variant on HTML, so many programmers

Transport Typically Circuit Switched (today)

Packet, always on

Security Concerns expressed (WAP GAP)

No problems identified

Speed slow fast

Access "walled garden" approved and non approved sites

Displays (phone issue)

No Color or graphics Color with graphics

Preferred language should be XML compliantPreferred language should be XML compliant

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Data Services- Business issues• Usefulness of information

– Metcalfe’s law: value of network increase as the exponent of connected nodes: V~ KN

– Corollary: value of a wireless network is inversely proportional to the number of incompatible standards: V ~ 1/S

• High speed data – Few will pay for high speed video (5 to 10 x voice call)

– Many will pay for useful, responsive service- high speed allows for responsiveness

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SMS Very Popular, Except in US• “Rule of thumb” at 30% pen usage explodes

– US penetration is about 35% – But we have 5 standard - 10% max on any one– Metcalfe’s law in reverse

• European environment– calling party pays - no cost for incoming– Internet cost per minute– SMS is a way of making money go father

• Postulation - SMS would be explosive in North America if the internet was established as the common interface

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2G offered customer’s clear value

• Smaller phone - in your pocket / purse• Longer battery life - stop worrying about it• Better MMI on the phone• More affordable service - $30 bucks per month• Maybe poor voice, but better coverage• Less dropped calls - worked better

41


What is 3 G supposed to offer?

• Original Definition– Common World Standard

– Higher Speed Data

• 384 kp/s for full area coverage

• 2 Mb/s for local area coverage

– Isochronous Services (voice / video) supported

– Data Packet, “always on” Service supported

• Reality– Family of standards

– at least two bands, thanks to North America

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Reasons for 3G

• Business drivers to move forward– Need for more voice spectrum in some regions of the world– Hope that data will become a major new source of revenue– Technology push

• 3 G data business case is unclear– In some markets, might be competitively priced to wireline, but not in US

• 3 G needs a data killer application, as voice revenue will drop– Market must find “low payload” services with high utility– Tie in with location and voice technology– Carriers must aggressively price the service - “learning curve”

• Thus 3 G data business can be proven by 2.5 G data business

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Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI Operators’ 2.5G / 3G networks will not meet expectations

2G

2.5G

3G

• Expected data rate [kbps]

9-14 100-300 384-2000

• Actual data rate [kbps]

9-14 10-30 30-150

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Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI It’s all about Integration and

Balance

Nokia

RIM

Palm VII

PIM

Visor

WebAccess

Messaging

Voice

?

45


VideoConference

(High quality)

VideoConference

(Low quality)

TelephoneConference

Telephone

VoiceMail

ElectronicMail FAX

ElectronicPublishing

ElectronicNewspaper

ISDNKaraoke

VideoCatalogshopping

Database AccessRemote medical

service(Medical image) Video on

demand -Sports -News -Movies

Mobile TV

MobileRadio

Image

Data

Voice

Multicast

Multi Point

AsymmetricSymmetric

Point to Point

Broadcast

2M

384K

64K

32K

16K

9.6K

2.4K

1.2K

News

Weatherforecast

Traffic information

Sports information

LeisureInformation

Mobile Multimedia

WWW

e-mail

ftp

IPtelephony

etc

InformationDistribution

Services

InternetAccess

pager

Mobile Multimedia Services

46


General architecture of the IP-based IMT network platform

Applications

AP1 AP2 AP3 APn

Middleware

IP-based transport NW

Location Accounting/billing Media conversion Distribution

Basic network management sub-layer

RRM MM C/SM Security QoS

Service support sub-layer

IP IPIP

IPRadio

Radio RadioIP IP

IP

ISDN/PSTN

Internet

Integration

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48


49


50


51


52


53


54


55


2G 与 3G 网络结构

VLRMSCMSC

VLRMSCMSC SGSNSGSN

GMSCGMSC

BSCBSC

BTSBTS BTSBTS

Abis

BSSBSSBSCBSC

BTSBTS BTSBTS

Abis

BSSBSS

AUCAUC

HLRHLR

EIREIR

PSTN

E

D

C

F

H

A

PSTNPSTN GGSNGGSN PDNPDN

Gb

Gp

Gc

Gf

GnGr

Gs

Other PLMNOther PLMN

RNCRNC

NodeBNodeB NodeBNodeB

Iub

RNSRNSRNCRNC

NodeBNodeB NodeBNodeB

Iub

RNSRNSIur

Iu-CSIu-PS

Iu-PSIu-CS

Gi

PLMN: Public land mobile network UMTS:Universal Mobile Telecommunication System

56


3GPP R43GPP R4 网络结构网络结构

MSC

SCP HLR

MSC

RAN RAN RAN

TDMMSC Server

SCP HLR

RAN RAN RAN

TDM/ATM/IPMGW MGW

MSC ServerTUP/ISUP/BICC

TUP/ISUP

注： R99 与 R4 的分组域无变化，图中未画出。R99 R4

H.248 H.248

MAP Over TDM MAP Over TDM/IPCAP Over TDM CAP Over TDM/IP

承载独立呼叫控制

bearer independent call control BICC

57


3GPP R53GPP R5 网络结构图网络结构图

58


Call State Control Function (CSCF)

Home Subscriber Server (HSS)

Transport Signalling Gateway Function (T-SWG)

Roaming Signalling Gateway Function (R-SGW)

Composite Gateway

Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF)

Media Gateway Function (MGW)

Multimedia Resource Function (MRF)

MSC Server

Gateway MSC Server

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1 、硬切换移动台在不同频率或不同系统（ GSM ）之间的切换

2 、软切换移动台在同一频率下的不同基站之间的切换

3 、更软切换移动台在同一基站的不同扇区之间的切换

WCDMA 的切换

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更软切换：•在 BTS 内部完成•基站和移动台都按照 RAKE 接收机方式接收

软切换：•网络需要一条独立的传输链路• UL/DL 分集方式不同

MS:MRC RAKE 合并RNC: 帧选择合并

软切换与更软切换

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WCDMA 压缩模式与切换

• 在压缩模式下需要更多发射功率 => 影响 WCDMA 系统的覆盖

• 在压缩模式帧中不能进行功率控制 => 需要更高的 Eb/N0

=> 影响 WCDMA 容量

WCDMA IS-95 GSM

频间测量的用途用于频间和系统间切换

无频间测量，很难利用多载波

用于切换

由于 TX 和 RX 的不连续，测量很容易

频间测量方法压缩模式

正常帧压缩模式

正常帧

测量间隙

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向 3G网络演进的策略

网络演进需考虑的问题平滑性和阶段性保护用户权益保护运营者投资不能频繁改动网络新技术之间有一定间隔无线技术的选择核心网络兼容性经济性标准化程度频率问题试验及执照

主要方案

增强网络方案保证业务的连续性

叠加网络方案建立全新核心网和平台

全 IP网络演进

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二代向三代的过渡策略

• 两个问题– 网络兼容与过渡

• 第三代系统必然要在一段时间内与第二代系统相共存

– 终端的兼容• 双模甚至多模终端• ITU 建议采用“软件无线电”技术。这种技术是

采用空间软件下载和自适应技术来实现传统用硬件实现的功能，目前看来，实现这种技术仍存在困难。

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向第三代演进的策略

• 策略 1 ：– 首先采用增强的第二代网络，延续一段时间。

第三代的无线接入网通过适配功能单元接入到增强的第二代核心网；在较晚的时间再采用第三代的核心网络。第三代核心网络与第二代网络间采用互通功能单元进行互通，而逐步淘汰第二代核心网。

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第二代RANM T

第三代RAN

第二代CN

第三代CN

A F

IW F

现在的网络

第一步

第二步

第二代RAN

第二代CN

第二代CN增强

M T

M T

第二代RAN

第二代CN

第三代RAN

第二代CN增强

IW F

第二代 / 第三代双模终端

AF: I WF适配功能：互通功能

MT RAN ：移动终端： CN无线接入网：核心网

第一种演变策略示意图

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向第三代演进的策略

• 策略 2 ：– 从开始阶段就建设第三代的核心网络。第二

代与第三代之间采用互通功能单元互通，逐步将第二代的无线接入网直联到第三代的核心网络，而淘汰第二代核心网。

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第二代RANM T

第三代RAN

第二代CN

第三代CN

A F

IW F

现在的网络

第一阶段

第二阶段

第二代RAN

第二代CN

M T

M T

第二代RAN

第二代CN

第三代RAN

IW F

第二代 / 第三代双模终端

AF: I WF适配功能：互通功能

MT RAN ：移动终端： CN无线接入网：核心网

第二种演变策略示意图

第三代CN

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内容演进策略1 演进策略2

初期投资成本核心网络不用做大的变动，改造成本较低

建设新的第三代核心网络，初期建设成本会较高

多媒体业务能力

最初业务较为有限，当有高速率数据业务时会对语音业务造成较高的阻塞率

从一开始就可以提供多媒体业务

第三代MSC间的软切换

较难实现较易实现

适于采用的地区

在较长的时间后，才会对多媒体业务有较强烈的需求

对多媒体业务需求迫切

两种演进策略的大致比较

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R99 network architecture (3GPP TS 23.002)

BSS RNS (RAN)

CN

A IuPS

MS

Gs

GnGr

GcC

D

G F Gf

Gi

IuCSGb

SGSN

Iur

Iubis

RNC

NB NB

RNC

Abis

BTS BTS

BSC

MSC

VLR

B

GGSNGMSC

MSC

VLR

B

HLR

AuC

EIR

PSTN IP Networks

CuSIM-ME i/f

or

ME

USIM SIM

Um Iuu

Gp

E

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2G network reuse• CN

– With R99 the 2G CN can be reused and 2G subscribers will be migrated gradually to 3G

– Major CN evolution will appear with R4 and R5 (all IP)– Operators need to have clear roadmaps and upgrade paths

and shall only invest in a new CN when 3G traffic really takes off

• RAN– Most of the 2G sites can be reused– In urban areas where physical space for equipment is

limited existing 2G cabinets shall be swapped for higher capacity / smaller footprint 2G cabinets to allow new 3G cabinets or for new 2G / 3G cabinets

– In urban areas antennas shall be swapped for wide band or dual band antennas

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Network sharing - Technical solutions overview• Site sharing

• Antenna sharing• Grid sharing• RAN sharing (NB and RNC)• Full MVNO• Geographical network sharing (national roaming)• Technology sharing (UMTS/EGPRS/GPRS)

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MSC/VLRSGSN

GGSN

HLR

GMSC

RNC

NB

MSC/VLR SGSN

GGSN

HLR

GMSC

Network sharing - Site sharing

RNC

NB

NB NB

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Comments on site sharing• Site sharing is a “good practise” well developed for 2G

(co-location) and generally allowed and even encouraged by regulators for 3G to limit planning and environmental impact

• An estimation states that for the UK 60% of the sites have at least two 2G tenants

• Site sharing always needs to be considered on the top of other higher level of network sharing

• Site sharing (co-location) ratio shall increase naturally with the number of operators

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Network sharing - Antenna sharing

MSC/VLRSGSN

GGSN

HLR

GMSC

RNC

NB

MSC/VLR SGSN

GGSN

HLR

GMSC

RNC

NB

NB NB

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Shared antenna configuration examples

2 x2 Couplers(6 dB loss ~ 75% interference load)

UMTS/GSM1800wide band antenna

UMTS A

UMTS B

GSM1800 A

UMTS single band antenna

1 x 2 Couplers(3dB loss ~ 50% interference load)

UMTS A

UMTS B

UMTS/GSM1800wide band antenna

« Two in One»

UMTS A

GSM1800 A

UMTS B

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MSC/VLR SGSN

GGSN

HLR

GMSC

RNC

Network sharing - Grid sharing

MSC/VLRSGSN

GGSN

HLR

GMSC

RNC

NB NB

NB NB

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Network sharing - RAN sharing

MSC/VLR SGSN

GGSN

HLR

GMSC

MSC/VLRSGSN

GGSN

HLR

GMSC

RNC

NB NB

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Comments on RAN sharing • RAN Sharing is standardised by 3GPP• Some vendors have already announced the availability

of equipment for 2002 but not all of them even if they claim that they can be ready in few months

• The number of supported NB is a limiting factor for the dimensioning of RNC and therefore the shared RNC solution shall be carefully analysed even in low capacity areas

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Thank you!

...any questions are welcome!

徐国鑫[email protected]

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