zaijun5aad

7/23/2019 Zaijun5Aad

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/zaijun5aad 1/72

Dr. Xiaobo Dou

Dr. Zaijun Wu

School of Electrical Engineering

Southeast University

Nanjing, China, 210096

Substation Automation System

in China: From Digital Substation

to Smart Substation



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Basic StatusTraditional Substation Automation System

Electromagnetic conversion circuit

Secondary output signal of

Electricity Equipments

Low-voltage signals

suitable for microelectronic

circuits

Automation

systems

Cable

TA-The nominal output signal is 1A or 5A

TV--The nominal output signal is100V or

!

Meter and

Measurement

Measurement

and ControlRelay protection

100/ 3V

! Since 1980’s



! !

Basic Status

Some Disadvantages:

Difficult to share information

Difficult to interoperate

Poor scalability

System reliability affected by secondary cable

Traditional Substation Automation System

And so on…



! #

Basic Status

Some Disadvantages:

Difficult to share information

Difficult to interoperate

Poor scalability

System reliability affected by secondary cable

Traditional Substation Automation System

And so on…



Basic Status

The Development Stages

!

Stage I: From 2005, driving forces are IEC61850 & ECT

! Stage II: From 2009, driving force is Smart Grid



Basic Status

" Intelligent Primary Equipments : ECT/EVT, MU, ISG

"

Process Bus: Optical Fiber , GOOSE , SMV

" IEC61850 Standard (DL/T860) Criterion

The Key Technologies of Digital Substation

! Digital Substation = Intelligent Primary Equipments

+ Process Bus + IEC61850



$

RCS

Protection

RCS

Measurement

and

Control

Other

IED

GPSWorkstation 1 Workstation2 Remote station

ECVT

MU

Electronic

Transformer

GOOSE

Cable

Fiber optic

cable

CT/PT

Traditional

transformer

Traditional

switch

Traditional

switch

Intelligent

switch

Intelligent

switch

Differences between traditional substation and digital substation

Traditional substation Digital substation

Substation level

Bay level

Process level

IEC60870-

5-103

IEC61850

RCS

Protection

RCS

Measurement

andControl

Other

IED

GPS Workstation 1 Workstation 2 Remote station

Structure



Traditional microprocessor-

based protection

%&

Intelligent

terminal

MU

AC input

component

A / D

converter

component

Protection

logic(CPU)

Open input

and output

components

HMITerminal

box

ECT

IED

Digital Protection

SMV

Opticalfiber

GOOSE

Differences between traditional substation and digital substation

Automatic Functions



" Data collection, transmission, sharing and utilization

through high speed communication

"

Equipment Life C ycle M anagement : condition monitoring->faultdiagnosis->condition-based maintenance

" Advanced A pplications: Automatic control, smart

regulation, co-operation…

Basic Status

The Key Technologies of Smart Substation

! Smart Substation = Digital Substation + Condition

monitoring + Advanced applications



%'

The functions of Bay Level

GPSWorkstation 1 Workstation 2 Remote station

ECVT

Protection unit

Measurement unitControl unit

Metering unit

Monitoring unit

Merging unitsIntelligent

terminal

SMV+GOOSE

IEC61850

Substation level

Bay level

Process level

Substation layer network

Electric Power Data

Network (one district)Electric Power Data

Network (Two district)

Management

information Region

Physical isolationFirewall

Clock system

Unified background

system

Other systems

Green energy saving

systemIntelligent assistance

systemsCondition

MonitoringMeasurement

Protection

Measurement

and Control

The functions of Substation Level

Differences between traditional substation and smart substation



13

Differences between traditional substation and smart substation

Traditional substation Smart substation Transformers Electromagnetic transformer Electronic transformer

Communicationstandards

No uniform standards;Need protocol converter

Uniform standards;IEC61850

Relay protection A large number of hard- wired

Network communication technology;

No protocol conversion;Better Interoperability

Timesynchronization

SOE

SNTP, IRIG-B, IEC61588

Auxiliary system

Confusing information;

Complicated protocol;Difficulties in debugging the

system

Intelligent cooperative control;Integrations of the Auxiliary systems

and SCADA based on IEC61850



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Digital Substation Projects in China



%!%!

Typical Smart Substation Projects in China

3



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! %$

Key Words

ECT/EVT & MU

ISG

On-line Monitoring

Network & Communication

Time Synchronization

Smart Applications

Integrated Power Supply Management

Intelligent Auxiliary System



ECT/EVT & MU 1. EVT

EVT

RC dividerockels effect



ECT/EVT & MU 1. EVT

EVT

Active Power Passive Power

Capacitor dividerResistor

divider

Pockel

Effect Inverse Piezo

Effect

Performance

comparison

Transient

characteristics

(1) Have trapped charge phenomenon

under capacitor divider

(2)

Error at Voltage zero-crossing

Good

Ambient

temperatureNo sensitive Sensitive

Electromagnetic

interference

Have stray capacitance in capacitor

divider Few Impact

Optic circuit Simple Complex

Power supply Power SupplyDo not need the power

supply

Application experience long short

Operation situations Put into operation for a long time, many

substations, well developed

Put into operation for a

short time, a few

substations, developing



ECT/EVT & MU 2. ECT

Michael Faraday

(1791－1867 )

Faraday Electromagnetic

I nduction P rinciple

Core coilHollow

( Rogowski )coil

LPCT RCT

Faraday

Magnetic R otation

E ffect

OCT

Glass, optical fiber



ECT/EVT & MU 2. ECT

ECT Active Power Passive Power

Coil -typeMagneto-optical-glass

type fiber-optic type

The key technology

1) Power supply issues, interference issues and lifeissues caused by electronic circuit board module of highvoltage side

2)Life issues of Laser module laser at highvoltage side 3)Reliability and long-term operation stability

4)Maintenance issues

1)Temperature effect2)Impact of vibration and birefringencecaused by stress

3)Sensor head assembly technology4)Long-term stability

Product

Manufactures XINNING, SAC, XJ, NARI Relay, NARI-

Shenzhen

XJ, T&W

NAE, NARI- SIEMENS,

NARI Relay,NARI-

Shenzhen,

NARI Implement form AIS and GIS type AIS AIS and GIS type

Applicationsituations

Put into operation for a long time, many substations, welldeveloped

Put into operation fora short time, a few

substations,

developing

Put into operation ashort time, a few

substations,

developing

24



24

A：The technology is mature, can be promoted. B: The products are existing and being pilot applications.

Application TechnologyTechnology

Maturity

Technical

economyPromotion

recommendations

ECT

Rogowski coil(AIS) B A B

Rogowski coil(GIS) B A B

OCT(AIS) B B B

OCT(GIS) B B B

Magneto-optic Glass(AIS) B B BEVT Capacitor divider B B B

" Technology Status of ECT/EVT(2011)

" Implementation Rules 750kV

Electronic Instrument Transformer/ Conventional transformer

500kV

330kV

220kV

110kV

66(35)kVConventional transformer

10kV

ECT/EVT & MU

25



25

Voltage Rank(kV) ECT EVT

CombinedElectronic

Current/ Voltage

Transformer

Sum

800 （DC ） 38 4 42

750 21 11 32

660 （DC ） 28 8 36

500 （ AC&DC ）

318 （255 ） 6 （3） 324

330 25 17 42220 135 91 96 322

110 749 256 85 1090

66 45 18 90 153

Sum 1359 411 271 2041

ECT/EVT & MU " Engineering Status of ECT/EVT(July,2011)



ECT/EVT & MU 2. ECT

Summary:

Currently , RCT and RC -EVT are popular in China.

However, the o ptical fiber -OCT and pockels -EVT have

already been used in some projects (especially in high voltage

substations). It is generally believed that the o ptical fiber -OCT

and pockels -EVT are the trend s of ECT/EVT (Although thetechnologies are developing)..



ECT/EVT & MU 3. MU

MU(merging unit)

Bay controller

Substation Level

ECT

EVT LAN

Relay

Bay Level

ProcessLevel



ECT/EVT & MU 3. MU

StandardsItems IEC 60044-8

IEC 61850-9-1

IEC 61850-9-2

Risk Evaluation

Delay time is fixed,

application risk isminimum

Delay time is unfixed,

application risk is low (dueto PTP communication)

Delay time is unfixed,Risk is high (due to

networkcommunication)

Application Time

Long, well developed

Long, well developed

Short, developing

Application

Objects Most substations Most digital substations

Some substations

(Haining, Xingguo,etc.)

Manufacturers NARI Relay, SAC,

XINNING

NARI Relay, SAC, NARI, XINNING, NARI-SIEMENS

NARI-Shenzhen, XJ,SIEMENS, ALSTOM

Trend Has been cancelled Temp scheme, will becancelled

Future trend

Currently, IEC61850-9-2LE is the main scheme in China



ECT/EVT & MU 3. MU

MU is the essential equipment in digital substation, and its main

function has been proved good in real projects. Presently, we focus on:

" IEC61850-9-2 (online configurable dataset, not only 9-2LE)

"

IEC61588 Time Synchronization

" New re-sampling methods

" Applications in differential protection (e.g., bus, line, transformer)

" Improving the power supply method (e.g., using OCT)

" Developing the new applications (e.g., monitoring, protection…)



ISG 1. Basic functions

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ISG 2. AIS

ISG

One smartcontroller

each bay

SubController

Main controller

Process

Level Sub

Controllers

DBU 813智能接口单元

运行

许继电气公司

装置异常

未储能

远方/就地

SF6异常

合

分

合位

分位

网络异常

接线端子文字说明

接线端子文字说明

操作电源

One smartcontroller each

switchgear

AIS:



ISG 3. GISGIS:



ISG 4. Low Voltage Level Switchgear Adding the protection function:



ISG 4. Low Voltage Level Switchgear

ISG +MU = Integrated Interface(II) Centralized protection using IIs(10kV)

Adding the MU function:



ISG

Summary:

Since ISG generally do es not modify the switchgear’s body ,

only some basic functions are implemented. In China, ISG

technology is still in its infancy stage.

The main reason is that most ISGs are produced by secondary

equipmen t manufacturer s. These manufacturer s could not

grasp all the technologies of switchgear and could not add many

sensors without damag ing the insulation of switchgear .

! 36



!

On-line monitoring for dissolved gas in oil

! On-line monitoring of Partial Discharge

!

On-line monitoring of SF6

!

On-line Insulation Monitoring for Capacitive Equipment! On-line Insulation Monitoring for Metal Oxide Arrester(MOA )

……

On-line Monitoring

! 37



System StructureComponents:

!

On-line monitoring devices

! Information Hub

! Host computer

Monitoring objects

!

Transformer Reactor

! Circuit breaker GIS

! Capacitor Arrester…

Power

equipm

ent

Signal converting

system

sensor

Signal

condit

ioning

ata

acquis

ition

Signal

transm

ission

ata

proces

sing

diagno

sis

Integrated

management

system

Remote

monitoring

system

ata acquisition

system

ata transmission

system

Processing and

diagnosis system

Integrated management

system

Flowchart of On-line Monitoring System

On-line Monitoring

! 38



On-line Monitoring If IEC61850 standard are not usedin process level, a information

hub should be added !

! B$



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On-line Monitoring of Converting EquipmentOn-line Monitoring

! 40



" IEC 61850

" Network Construction and Network Topology

" Network Scheme of Process Level

" Implementation of Virtual Terminal

" VLAN technology


! 41



IEC61850—One World, One Standard

Interoperability Needs

Advance in Intelligent CT/VT, Breaker

IEC 61850one world

one technology

one standard


! E'



Introduction and overview IEC61850-1

Glossary IEC61850-2

General requirments IEC61850-3

Communication

require

ments

for

functio

ns and

device

models

IEC

61850-5

Princip

les and

models

IEC

61850-

7-1

System and project management

IEC61850-4

Common data class IEC61850-7-3

ACSI IEC61850-7-2

IEC61850-9-2

Configu

ration

descrip

tion

languag

e

IEC

61850-6

Device impletation

Conformance testing IEC61850-10

Compatible logical node classes

and data classes IEC61850-7-4

SCSM Mapping to MMS and

ISO/IEC8802-3 IEC61850-8-1

IEC61850-9-1

Introduction and overview IEC61850-1

Glossary IEC61850-2

General requirments IEC61850-3

Communi

cation

require

ments

for

fuction

s and

devices

models

IEC

61850-5

Princip

les andmodels

IEC

61850-

7-1

System and project management IEC61850-4

Application guidelines IEC61850-

7-5××

IEC61850-7-4 IEC61850-7-4××

Common data class IEC61850-7-3

ACSI IEC61850-7-2

IEC61850-8-×× IEC61850-9-××

Configu

ration

description

languag

e

IEC

61850-6

IEC

61850-

80-××

IEC

61850-

90-××

Device impletation

Conformance testing IEC61850-10

IEC61850 ED1 IEC61850 ED2


! 43



Station Level Network

Station Level normally uses ring network topology and star network topology . But

attentions should be paid during the use of ring network topology

Equipment investment

Compatibility of protocols

Transmission delay network storm


! 44



"

Scheme 1 PTP SV and GOOSE are transmitted separately

"

Scheme 2PTP SV and GOOSE are transmitted from one switch

" Scheme 4 SV, GOOSE and IEC61588 in the same network

" Scheme 5 PTP no switch

"

Scheme 3 SV: PTP GOOSE: network

Network & Communication Process Level Network

! 45



MU

Intelligent

terminal

Line

monitor

and

control

Line

protection

Line electric

meter

GOOSE Switch

Fault

recorder

SV Switch

Bus protection

MU

Common

monitor and

control Phasor

measurement

Scheme 1


! 46



Scheme 2

MU

Intelligentterminal

GOOSE 、

SV

Switch

MU

Line

protectionBus protection

Line

monitor

and

control

Line electric

meter

Fault

recorder

Common

monitor and

control Phasor

measurement


! 47



Scheme 3

MU Monitor

and

control

GOOSE Switch

Bus PT

MU

protectionFault

recorder electric

meter

Intelligent

terminal


!

48



Scheme 4

ECVT MU

Process levelswitch

BUS PT

MU

SV+GOOSE+IEC61588

Intelligent

terminal

Monitorand

control protection

Fault

recorder

electric

meter


!

49



Scheme 5

Substation Level

Message recorder

+fault recorder

Line n protection and

monitor Bus Protection

Line n

Circuit

breaker n

Circuit

breaker 1

Line 1

MU and

Intelligentterminal 1

MU and

Intelligentterminal n

Line 1 protection and

monitor


!

50



Application of Virtual Terminal

Optical fiber replaces a

number of cables in

conventional substation

!

Operating circuit:

no longger exist；

!

Conventional design

method:

no longger applicable；

How tosolve?

Virtual Terminal

Technology


!

!%



VLANPurpose

!

Resolve broadcast andsecurity problems of Ethernet

；

Method! Physical LAN is divided into

many logical LANs；

Divide strategy

!

Based on Bay

!

Based on function

1主变

F1 F2 F15

F101

L1 L2

L1101

Vlan_110kv1

2主变

F16 F17 F32

L3

L4

Vlan_zb1 Vlan_zb2

Vlan_10kv1

Vlan_10kv2

Vlan_10kv3

Vlan_110kv2 Vlan_110kv3

VLAN instance based on Bay





•

Sampled Value Transmission Specification

– IEC 60044-8 Point to Point

– IEC 61850-9-1 Point to Point (Abandoned)

–

IEC 61850-9-2 Point to Point or Switched Ethernet

•

Methods of Time Synchronization

– IRIG-B

– NTP/SNTP

–

IEC 61588




!

Comparison of time synchronization method

IRIG-B NTP/SNTP IEC 61588

Synchronization

accuracy 1us 1ms 1us

Synchronous

mode

Point to Point

Point to Point /

Switched Ethernet

Point to Point /

Switched Ethernet

Cost Lower

low

Higher

Application Has been

widely used

Applied to

Substation Level

Applied to the

process layer

!E



Measurement and

Control Device

GPS Workstation 1 Workstation 2 Remote communication

SNTP

Measurement and

Control DeviceProtection

IRIG-B

IRIG-B

IRIG-B

Smart

Equipment CT/PT

MU IED

Measurement and

Control Device

GPS Workstation 1 Workstation 2 Remote communication

SNTP

Measurement and

Control DeviceProtection

Smart

Equipment CT/PT

MU IED


!

!!



Advanced Applications Instance"

Sequence control ；

"

Equipment status visualization；

" Distributed state estimation;

"

Intelligent alarm, analysis and decision-making;"

Fault information comprehensive analysis and decision-making ；

"

Economic operation and optimal control ；

"

Substation area control and protection；

" Terminal maintenance；

"

New energy access

!!

Advanced Applications



1

2

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!

!L



1

2

3

4

Goals

Functions & Requirements Analysis

Key Technologies

Challenges



Challenges

Access to renewable energy More flexible and controllable

More service requirements More user-friendly

Economic development Safer, and more reliable

Constraints on resources More economical, more efficient



Goals

Highly integrated system

Reasonable structure

Advanced equipments

Economical and environmental




Security and Reliability

P ower Q uality

I nformation I nteraction

Economy and

Energy-saving

E nvironmental protection

F lexible C ontrol

Performance

# c ondition based

maintenance

#

on-line monitoring

# intelligent control

# intelligent analysis

and decision-making#

real-time information

# massive d ata-processing

# standardized protocols

# unified I/O

# integrated device

# functional integration

# new environmental

materials

# long-life

# low power consumption

Functional R equirement Supporting Technology

I ntegrat

ed

E quipment

Only one

N etwork

I ntegration

System

Functional Design




Unified PlatformOperation

monitoring

of power

grid

Panoramic data

acquisition

Steady-state

data acquisition

Transient Data

Acquisition

Remote monitoring

Monitoring

of

equipment

state

On-line monitoring

of smart equipment

On-line monitoring

of secondary

equipment

Remote

monitoring

Operation and control

Intelligent control

Wide Area Protection

Station-in operation

Dispatcher control

Reactive power optimization

Load control

Sequential control

Anti-operation lockout

Intelligent operation order

Comprehensive

analysis of

information

and

intelligent

alarmvaluation.

warning

control of secure state

Distributed state

estimation

Intelligent warning

Comprehensiveanalysis of

breakdown

Economic

operation

Optimization

Control of

new energy access

Interaction of

user management

Economic operation

scheduling

life cyclemanagement

Operation

management

Source side

maintenance

Access control

Device management

Device management

Maintenance

management

Auxiliary

application

Power supply

mnitoring

Safty protection

Environmental

monitoring

Assist control

Disaster prevention

interaction



New material

—New insulating material ( Such as: gas-insulated medium used in high-capacity

transformers )

Features: Small size, no oil , high security and reliability , directly connected withGIS equipment.

—New winding materials ( Such as: superconducting materials used in windings)

Features: Small size, high efficiency, and so on.

New structure—New iron core ( Such as: three column core structure used in large-capacity

transformer)

Features: Low loss, small size, low cost, and so on.

1. Equipment

"

Transformer

Key Technologies



New technology

—Power electronic transformer ( New energy conversion facilities with techniques

of power electronics, power systems, computer, digital signal process, automaticcontrol theory, and so on. )

Features: Small size, no oil, environmental protection, flexible control, and so on.

Key Technologies



Isolated circuit breaker

" Circuit BreakerKey Technologies

New material—New insulating material ( Such as: a mixed gas-insulated medium)

Good insulating properties, environmental protection .

New structure

—Breaker body with isolation function, both sides with no isolatingswitch .



Breaker with Motor Drive

mechanism

Key Technologies

New technology—Zero-crossing switching technology , reducing the

impact of the system, and improving power quality;

—Intelligent arc-extinguish technology , improving the

stability of power grid.

Simplified operating mechanism

—Motor drive mechanism，

no traditional mechanical

system and spring, simple institutions loop, high response

speed, flexible and reliable control, and less noise.

Integration and Packaging—EVT and ECT integrate with circuit breaker.

—External contact with only one cable and one power line.



" Reactive Power Compensator

#

Integrating reactance and

capacitor

Key Technologies



" Relay Protection

Integrating Protections of a Bay

Different protection functions share the

same hardware platform, and the new

protective device is applicable to the in

situ decentralized installation and

centralized unified installation.

Station-Level Public protection

To realize components backup

protection, failure protection and backup

automatic switch at the station level,

simplify the in situ protection device.

Integrated protection device in situ

Components backup protectionBackup power automatic-switch

Failure protection

Overload cutoff

Key Technologies



" Relay Protection

Practical Wide-Area Protection

To realize regional centralized backup

protection and security and stability control

function in regional power grid control center,

based on the real-time panoramic information

of the substation in the area.

Key Technologies

Protected

server

Protected

server

Communication

server

PTN Communications network

Monitoring and

control

dispatching and

control

Integrated

equipment

70



Network structure

“Three layers two nets” is simplified to “two layers one net”,

as to reduce the network layers and the number of

switches; “The combination of three nets” is used to

achieve the high integration of information flow.

Network technology

The use of technology such as network redundancy, flow

control and collision detection improves the linking reliability

and network security, so as to ensure the quality of network

service .

2. Communication technology Key Technologies

71



Large-capacity transmissionPTN, OTN and other large-capacity transmissiontechnology which dramatically improves the existing

transmission network bandwidth in order to meet the

control center panoramic information collection

requirements.

Flexible access

Low voltage network technology including EPON,

WIFI, and so on, are used to realize the flexibleaccess of discrete information sources such as

distribution , utilization and new energy sources.

Dispatching

center

New energy

access

Transmission and

distribution network

Intelligent power

consumption

Smart substation

PTN/OTN

EPON/WIFI

Key Technologies



Thank you!

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