- " - ".................................1 3. - ........................................................................01 4. WALLER - ?...............................31 6. - ..................................72 9. 321-111 (Becoming Evil/ Waller (pp : ..........................................................................................................94 31. :77............................................The Justice Motive and Altruistic Helping 551 .Rescuers of Jews in Nazi-Occupied Europe/ Janusz Reykowsky (pp)471...........................................................................................................77 41. - :)842-532( Attributions for the negative historical actions of a group 85.......................................................................................................Doosje 02. : - / , )' 662-062(...............................98 12. '' : " " ...................................19 " - " "........19 22. JEWISH ISRAELI TEENAGER ,NATIONAL IDENTITY, AND THE LESSON OF / THE HOLOCAUST , ', -.........................79

1. - Wiereich . , ) (scholarship. : , , . . " " . . ) (scholarship 3391-8191 3391-9191 . ' -" , ..." - , , . -8 4291, , . -' , -9191. : " - , . , , , . . . " ' -5391 : " ... ..." , )8191( . . , , . , , ), , ..( . , . , : -:, , . " . , . , -3391. . , . , . . " ". ?

, )- , ( )- , (. , " ". , , : " ". , . : ", , ". : " . , ..." 6391, -0051 ) ( . , . , . , , , . , . . , . , - . : " , -81, . . , . . . - , . , . , . , .- , . , , . , . . )-3291(. . -4291. " ". , . " ". , . . -7391, : " - . , -1491. -4391, ) , , , (. , .

2. Euthanasia:direct medical killing: " life unworthy of life. : " . . , . : direct medical killing - 91, . - . - direct medical killing : 1( '- = . - - euthanasia ) euthanasia (. 2( binding- " hoche "The permission to destroy life unworthy of life - 0291 . : * " " * . * -hoche . " mental death , . . Hoche- bindinf - direct medical killing " " - hoche " " . - 1 " " .

* 3391- , ' . * , . " " I accuse . , . * . . : , . " ": , , . , brandt . brandt- bouhler . " " : ' : 3 ) ( : 1. . 2. - 3 , , . . . , , 3. . 03 , . : . , .

- " as if . : . , . . , . . , , : " " . , . : . . " : . * . , , " " )(putting to sleep . , . : . - " " .

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. ' , ", . . .

: , 4 T ' . " . . , 4 , . , . , - 3 "" , , . : , , "" . , . . : " , . " . . / . , . 6 .

- : 0491 Brandenburg - . . " ' . : 02 . , - 5 . . ,Brandt . , . , , . brandt . : , " " . . . , " " . . , . . . . , . :. )

(. . . . . . . - : 9391 0491 . 4) T ( , . 0491. , , . . 9391, , . pomerania . * - CO , " " - 0491, 8551 CO . . 1491 . - 4.T

3. - - , , . - . - : ?

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: . . , , . , . '. 3491, ... ) " " ( -: ? : , . . . , . , . 42 . , . . , . . , "", , . , , . , . . . ) - . - : ? : . . . , , . , , . ) ??( -: ? : , . . , . - ,, , : " , ". -: ? : . : ? : . -: ? : . . . -: ?

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4. WALLER - ?OBEDIENCE TO AUTHORITY: MILGRAMS AGENTIC STATE . , : " ?" , 04 . -02 -

05. , . "" " ". , , "" . . . , , . 51 054 . ) ( " ", " ", " : " . , "" )( 54 , . . )( . , , . . 51 , . ' . 054 , ' . , . . . 003 . , .

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) (. THE AGENTIC STATE . . / . . . , , . , , . , - . ?

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. , , . " / " , . . , - , . %001 , . . " . . . , . . , . , ...

5. 7 - / 005 101 , 2491 - 0051 . , , , . , ' " " , , . " " , , . , , . , , , . ' ' ', . ' - ' . . . " , ". " " , . ' . , " , , . , . , . , . ' , " " , . , ) (, ,

. , , " " )- , , (. , / ' , . , , . ', ' " ". " , , ... , ". , . " " " . . , , . " .. . ' ' '' ". " - " . , ... ". , , , . , . , , , . . , , , , . , . ,

. 101, - " ". , 101 .

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, . , "" , . ) , - (. , . " ", , . , , , . - . , . , . , 101 ) (. . , " - " . , , " 101 ' '. , "". .

9 : ' 101 . ' , ) (. 61 , , . " .

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. , , , . , , " , . , , . , , . - , , . . , , . "" , " " . , ) , (. . , . , , , "". . , , , . , , ' .

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3: "- . . . . . . " . . , , . , , , , , '. 24.1.52 , . . 0291 . . . , . , . , . "" . . . , . . - , . , . .

- , . , . , . . - . , . . , 101 . . , , . . . , . . ., . , . " " " " . , -03 . . , , , - 25 21 . 3391 4491 07 . . . " . . : . . , . , ) (, ) (. .

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, . . . . , , , . , . , , . : 1. - , , . . 2. ? , , . . " , . . . " ) (. ? . , , , . , 03 3391. 0291 . "" . - . . . .

. -91. . . . . . . , . . . . , , . , . , . , , . : . . , - 03, . , , 93 04 : , . .

. 501 . - , . 52 .

. . . . , . . , , . . -03, . , - .

8. .The Auschwitz Self: Psychological Themes in Doubling/R 6891( (J. Lifton -Healing-Killing1.

, . - . " " " : " " , - . ANUS MUNDI - " ". " . ), (. , . -

"" , - . , , . , . . )""(. , , . , ) (, . " . " ". , . , " , . . - . '- . " " . , . " ' . , . 2.

, . . :" ,(Blood Cement" (Blutkitt " " - . "" " "".

, , . . , . .

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, . , - . , , , . , - .

, ) ( ) )1 .WW , " ", , . , . . , . - . - SS , " ". , ]- I swear to you, Adolf Hitler as the Fhrer and Chancellor of the Reich loyalty and bravery. I pledge to

91.[you and to my superiors, appointed by you, obedience unto death, so help me God " " SS - " ". , " , - SS . . , .

1.

, - . , - ' ?', , . . . . SS , . " " . . , . - , , . " ". " . . . .

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Numbing and Derealization

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- numbing - . . . .

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' , "". " ) (, ", , " ' : '. . , %56 . 2 , . - . ' 9391, ' '. " ". , -93/90/10, . " "- . " " . , . , , , , . , / " ". "4 "T . " " : , , , , . , . , - , . , " ".

) , , '( . , 4 T " " 14/80/42. , 000,08-000,07 , 000,5-000,4 . , , , . , . , 4 T 000,052-000,002 . , " " . .

- Doubling - " " , , ? , 92 , 21 ) , , '( -8 , ) (. "" . ' . ) -(pesonal shadow " . , . . , , . . "" . )(. . .

, . . , . " , , . - . DSM-IV-TR 4 )(: )1( , )2( Fugue ) (, )3( ) ( -)4( ) (. , , , , . . " . , . , " ". ) ( . " ". : " . , ". , . , "" " ". 5 : . 1. . "". 2.

. , . -. 3. . . . , 4. , " ". . . 5. , , . . . , , ' . , , - . ' .: " SS : ' ' ' '; ' - '". , . ) (, . , , , . ) ,(the doublel . , . . , )' , , , '( .

4 : 1. ? , ? , , . , " " . , . , . . , . 2. , ? , , , . ? . ? " . , . ' . ? , , , . . . ,

. . . , , , . , . 3. ? " , ", " ". . / . . " "? . ? . " ". " " ". . - , . " - . 4. . , . " ". , " -" " ". . -. " " .

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. . " . " " . , . , , , . "" , . )(. , . , " " - . , , . , , ,

. , " ". "" . --. . , , . . , - . , 3 : 1. . " .law of parsimony , , , . " . 2. : . " . , . , . 3. . . " - , , , - . "" "" . . , . . , , . " ,

, .

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761] , :[ : . ? . . " " " "!, , . , . ) , ( - , . , , ! . .

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. , . . . . . 22 , , - , . : , . , . , . . , . , . , . , , . ' , "" : "" , , . . , , . , . . . . , . , , . , " " . , . , . , . 23, " 82". , .

, . " " 2491 6 . , . 3 , . " " . , . ) ( 6 " " . . " " 6 . , 57-07 , . , . : " ?" . , . : ) " ( , : . . . , - ? , , , , , ." " ! : , ."...." , ." ) ( : , , . , . , , . , , , , . , . .

, . 3491. , . , , . , . , . " "- . , . . " ". , . ! . , . . , . , : ! , , , . . , . . , . : : , 1. 2.

. , . , . . , . : - . , , , '.

, : 1. 2. . , . , . . , . : , , ' . " " 24.7.82 "", " " . .

"" : , , , )(. 3 . ] , ... 781 )88 ([ , , " " )..( , .. -. : .. " " "", "" " " ". " " , . : " " )'...( " " . .. ) ( . : , . "" . : " " )'..(. , " ) ( " " ": "". ... ] , ... 981 )001 ( ... [

802 , "". , " ] [ ", . . , , " , . " " . , . , . , )( . . . 2491 " " , , . . , "" . : , . . . . = , ) . (. .

] .. [

572-862

" , , ". , , , . . , . .

, . : . , . , . . , . , "" . " . ] 962-862 )3-201 ( [ . 34.1.81 4 . " . , ", , . , . . " . " . , . . . ) ( , , . . . , , 97. ] 172-072[ , . " , , . . . " " ", . . .

. , . . ] 272[ - . . ) (. .. .. ) "(. , . - , . "" ) (. , . . . "" . , . . . . , . . , . "" . . , " " . . ] [

383-083"'" " " - - . . , . "'"

, - . 005 . . , 21 . , . 0003 . , . " . , . ", , . : , , . : , . . , )"""( . 3491 . , , "" ". ", "" ) (. . , . " ", . . . , -. , . . ' . , . , .

, . . ) ( . 4491, " , . , . ] 383 ... [

11. The Bystander in relation to the Victim and the Perpetrator: Today and During the Holocaust/ Dan 351 / (Bar-On 2001 (E131-E : : - - , , - . ; ; )- victimization ( . - . ) , ( , , . , 01 . . : , ) (. . , . : - : , , , ' ) , 0791(. , - , , . .

, , . , , , . , - ") "constructive agentic shift, 4791(. , , , ? , , . ? , . - ) , (: 1-:"or "not in my backyard" "mind your own business . . -- " , ". )- (. 2- : . . -, . ; , , . , . . 3- :"the "just world hypothesis , , . - - : 1- : "" . , . . , , . ,

. , . , , -. -. . : . , , . , )(. , . . ) (caring zone. 2- The indescribable and the Undiscussible : Normalcy vs. Normalization - -. , ) (. , " " , , , . . , . , , - . , . , - . , , "", . , -, . . , , , , , - . ) ( , . . , -, . . , ; ), (. ,

, , . , , , , ) , " (. , . , . , , . , , , . ? " ? - , . . , , " . , , . ', ? , , ? - . ) (, ) (socializing ) (accumulating. "" , , , . . ' " 53 . . , , . . . , , . . , " , . , : , . , . , , . . " , , . , . , , - ,

. , / . , . , "" . , , . : . , . , " , , , "- . , , , ) ,(visibility ), (, / . , , ) - (. - . , ? -12 22 !! ) (. , , , . , . . , . , , . ) ,(agentic shift , ), 4791(. , "" , , . . ) (,

) (. , . ) (, ? " " , )" "(. ? , . - , " - . . . , , ) ( . )-( , , . , -14, , . , . , . )7991( . - , , , . , 01 . , , . 01 , : 1- . . . . , , . "". , , . , , .

2- . . . , , , . , , . ", , . " the simple street -"bystander , , . , , , , " " . . 3- , . ) ( ( ( ) (. ", . , . " ideologically oriented ."bystander , " " . , " " . 4- , , " ". " " " " . , , : . " " . "" ,career bystander , , . 5- " " , , . " , . ""institutionalized-rational-bystander - . .

6- , B. " . , , . , , . ""professional bystander . 7- , . , . . " . professional bystander . . , . 8- , , , , ) st.louis (. " ,distant "bystanders , , . , . 9- , , . . ) .(. "" . , - . ", " other-hating bystander , , "", " ),,(, . . , ) : . 2991(. 01- , , , , , . -, 09 , 2 . . . , , .

" ,"emotionally-related bystanders , . . ), , '( ; . . , . . . . -00001 . , , . : , , , . . ? . : 1- - 2 . -agnetic shift . 3- . 4- . 5- . 6- . , . , , . ) (. , , . , , . * .

21. : " " : 021-411

631-431 , "?" . , , , , , . " "" - , . . , . , . , . . , . . . .... . , '. , . . , . , , . . , . . , "". , . . , . , . ] 631 - 2 [

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.

, , . ] ... 741 . [

31. :The Justice Motive and Altruistic Helping 551 .Rescuers of Jews in Nazi-Occupied Europe/ Janusz Reykowsky (pp471( ) (moral order . , ) (. , , . , . , , . . " ". " ) (just ) ,(orderly " " ) 0301 .(Lerner&Miller,1978,p . , ) , " (. . )( , . / "" . , . . , . . , , ) ( . , "" ) (in group"" ) (out-group . in-group out-group , , . , , , - . , , .

, . . , . , . , , . . - , . . -" "altruistic personality project ' ) ( ' , , , . : 004 621 . 4 : , , , . . " " ' " ". 5891-3891 054 , , , . , . : . . . , . - , , , . , ? - -: . , - -. . , . , . , . , , ;

) (, ) (, . , . ) " ("Passive control " ", . , . , . ; , . . ) ( . , ), (, , , , , . , , , -. , . , , . , . , , . , ) -(. . . , . . . , )" (. , , -. , , . , . : . . ) ( . , - ? ? . : , . 1891( (Pilliavin'

. . . ? ? , ) 1.41, ' 361:(E : , , ) ( "" ) , , , (. , , ; ; , . 3 : 1- -Allocentric motives (allocentric , (. , . . , . . , ) : " . "; " , ? "(. allocentric motives . , , " " " ". , . . 2- Normocentric motives )- ( . ,

, '. ; . , , , ) : " . "; " "(. normocentric motives . , . . . - )( . . . ) 6791(, , . 3- -Axiological motives (Axiology ( ), , '(. , ) (. - , . ) : " . "; " . , ... ". axiological motives . . . ) (higher-order . . , . . -. , : : . allocentric ,motives , . & Normocentric

axiological motives )- axiological -(. : " . , , . . ) (affective concomitance : , , , , . : , . , . , . . . ), ( . - . . )(Exensivity , . , . , ? , , . ) (. , ) /(. , . , " /" . ? " " ) , ( ? 5891( (Deutsch ) (scope . ) ( . / . " 0791( (London & Tec

"" ) (marginality Tec "". , . & ) 8891( %08 %5.18 - . , ) ( . ) ( . , , . : " ... ". , . , . , ) (. ; , ), , (. , . extensivity ) & , 2991,8891(. . . . , . ), ( . , , '. "-" / . . , )- (. , . , ,

. . , . / . . - . , . - , , " . , " . : . : , , . " ) (. , , . , ) ( . , " " ) (deserving . , . deserving , ) - (. , . , : "" ? , - . . - . - ? , . , , , , , . " who ."deserves what ) (, - .

41. Attributions for the negative historical actions of a group (235-248): - Doosje , - . , . , . - . .

. " -2 )9891( . ) & sidanius 9991, .(pratto )6991( ) ( , . , . ) , 8591 .(heider . , . . : )8591 .(heider . ' ) 4791( . )(- . . , . . ) (. , ) & tajfel 6891 ,(terner . ,

. , . - . , )( )(. , . , ) (. , ) (. .

: )7991( " . . , - . : 73 92 . - 32 -41 . - . 2- . . - \. " ". " ". - 1 ) ( 5 ) (. , , . - . . , - . , ) (. - . . . :

. , . - . . . . . .

-: . 32. : : . - -8-1 )- (. , 2 - ) ( 1. ) (. 2. - - 2 -7-1. " ". " ". . 2 - " ". " ". , - " , ".

" ". . - " ". " ". " " " ". : - - - . . . - . . . - . .

- . . . - . - - . . , , . . - .

02. : - / , )' 662-062(: PTSD , , . , . , PTSD . . : , . , " ". " " - / . . .PTSD DSM 3, PTSD , , . "" "". ) 2891( - . , , . , , / . , - - . . . ,PTSD , . - " ", )5891( . . , , , . , . ) 3891(, , . , .PTSD . . , . , , . . PTSD . )8691( . , , . . , . , , . . , .

" , , ,PTSD . , , . , , . ' PTSD , , . , . . , . . - . , , : PTSD 1. . . 2. , , , ' 3. . : , , - 2891 " ) (. : ; ; ; ; . 212 . : " ". PTSD ' - , -3 -.DSM : :PTSD ' , ' , )%37 -2 %46 -3( )%25 -2 %93 -3(. , PTSD , ' . :PTSD , , . ' ' , , . . : PTSD , . , PTSD , . PTSD . : , ) PTSD (, - ) - (. . , . , . .

, , , . , , . . PTSD , . ' "" ) (. . )5891( PTSD " -2 . , , , . , . , , - , , , , ...

12. '' : " " " - " " : . '' , . : ", . -5491, 03 , , . : . , . " ", , . , . - , , . , , . " . ". , . - .

, , . . . 11 ". ".. , .. , ..". , " , , ". "", , . . " " . " .. .. - - )...( .. , , ". , , " , , , . , , . ", . ".. , , ''. ". " "", " -. , - , , . . . . , : , ? " . , , , .

, , . , : - . . , " " . : , , , ? , . " " . , , . - The Portage to Sun Cristobal of A.H . : . , . , " , , , . . , , . - , . " ... , ". . - - , , . , " ". " " . , , ,

. " , ", . " ": , , - 3 , )" "(. , . . . , , . , . , , . , , . , . , , . , , . , . , . . , , . " ", , , . , . , . : , , . , . , , . . , , " " " " . " .... ... ... ". -

"?- : " -8491 ". - - : .. ... ..". , , , , . , . " , , . , - - . . , " ". " " : )( . , , - )( , , ? ? " ... .. . , . - , .... , - ... , . , ." , : "" . , , "" , . " ", , " " ... , : ) , (, .. - , , ". :

, . , - ? " . , , " "' ""- , . - - : . ... " , . - " , , ?" " " " , ...". , , --. , . . . " " : . , , . , , , - . , . , . , , . - I , , . , , . , , .

: " ". , . , , , . .

22. JEWISH ISRAELI TEENAGER ,NATIONAL IDENTITY, AND THE LESSON OF / THE HOLOCAUST , ', -: - . : - . 1. 2. 3.

, - . , ; .

" ". , . , . , . . - , , , , . , - . .

, . . , : 1. . 2. - , 3. . Anita Shapira & Eliezer Don-yehiya . , 2491 . , , ) (. , , . , , . Don-yehiya , , . 05, " ". 76 37, , . , , 77. . Don-yehiya, , . -Don yehiya . 87 . 67-54 . -77 38 . , . 2891, 04-03 . "

. 88 . , 000051 . : , . . , . , . , .

) ( . , , . ' , , . / "" . ) ( 2. " " . . , ) .(never again ) ( ) ( . , , . ) (aurion , ) ( , . Bickman & Hammer " 1.

,

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, . . - . -, , )(. ) . ( , . "" - . ) ( , - . , " ". , , . -, 08-07 . , . , ) (. -, 09 . , . , : , , " . , , .

/ - . ) (, . . . , , "" "". . Labg

, . , , . 1991, - . ) ( . ' , , , . , , . "" . " ". . - , ) (. , ) (. , , . .

. ' , . , . , : , 1. ) ( ? ? 2. 3. ? ? , . . ) ... ( ...

,JEWISHISRAELITEENAGER,NATIONALIDENTITY HOLOCAUST)4002( Lazar, Chaitin, Gross & Bar-On

AND

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