( )

.

( )

-

. .

. .

.

.

-

.

-

(. ) .

. )shportoreteH( .)shportotuA(

)shportotohP(

.)shportomehC(

. .

. (.)

(: ) )O(

)-ON( )-OS( )OC(

-

. . : (

. .

. . )ANR(

)AND( % % (. )

% % : . - )cilihporcysP(

- )cilehposeM( )cilihpomrehT(

. - .

. : (

. . )tsopmoC(

. : (

.

. : ( .

.

. : ( .

-

( ) .

()

: ( .

: ( .

: ( .

: ( .

(. ) -

:

)( --------- X = td /xd = gr

. / = gr: / = = / = X

:

S )( --------- m = S + sK

:

/ = m / =S

= sK /

:

S .X .m )( --------- = gr

S + sK

: )( ---------- usr Y = gr

. / Y

.

: S.X.m

)( ----------- = usr )S + sk( Y

: )dr(

)( ----------------------- X.dK = dr

/ = dK:

: )( ------- X.dk usrY = gr

:

)(----------- )-T( k r = Tr

= Tr: =r

=K (. )

/ )(

)C( . .

)(------------- XQ / X.V = C

= V:

/ = Q

-

:

srehto+ ONHC+ HN+ OC stneirtun+ O+ SNHO ( )( )

:

ygrene+ HN + OH+ OC O + ONHC ()

.

. (.)

g/Og .

. %

C .

. . -

.

-

. .

. .

)DOC(

)DOB( .

. .

.

.

( ) % . ( )

.

)HC( ( ) )OC(

-

. .

.

. . % %

.

-

)( dt / =

: (/) =

() = dt

. .

.

-

% )sK( .

( )sK . .

-

)Q/V = ( . . .

-

. - . - . . - . - ./ - . )SH( -

- .

-

: - .

. )AH( )+H + -A( . -

.

: : -

- )cilihporcysP( )cilehposeM( )cilihpomrehT( -

. -

. .

. - .

:

. - . - . - -

. . -

. -

)C( . )S( )H( )P( )N(

.)oC( )eF( )iN(

:

P : N : C : :

-

. .

.

:%( ) -

- - -

:

. - . - . -

-

%

. %

: ( ) .

. .

.

. ( )

.

- :

.

.

. . )enoc ffohmI(

.

. .

. . .

() ( )

- .)COV( -

.

.)SM-CG(

)DOB( -

.

. .

. (.) ( ) .

f)B-B( )D-D(

= )l/gm( DOB P

:

/ = D = D

= P . = B = B

/ = F (>)

% -% %.-

)DOC( - . )DOC(

( ) (. )

. ( ) .

tsylataC H+OC+ +rC +H+ -OrC + cObHaC

taeH

( )

. .

)COT( -

.

. . )rezylanA saG(

.

)COT( . .

)Hp( -

. .

:

)(----------------------- ]+H[ gol - = Hp

]+H[ .

.

)N( -. )stneirtun(

.

. )dohteM ladlejK( .

.

.

HO+HN OH + HN

.

. .

artlU( )retemotohportceps noisiV/teloiv

.

.

-

. . )etahpsohpohtrO(

)etahpsohpyloP( .

)etahpsohpohtrO( . )etahpsohpohtrO( . )oMHN(

.

-

.

. )SH(

airetcaB OC+ OH + -S -OS+ rettam cinagrO SH +H + -S

.

. )lCaB( .

-

. )gH( )eF( )nC( )nZ( )dC( )bP(

.

-

.

.

saG( . .)rezylanA

-

)tnuoC mrofiloC latoT( . )tnuoc mrofiloC tnareloT omrehT(

. .

.

. .

.

.

(. ) (.) .

.

.)aidem CE(

. M.L. Davis, D.A. Cornwell, Introduction to Environmental

Engineering, nd edition, . . Wageningen Agricultural University, International course on

Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment, Netherland, . . Technical University of Hamburg-Harburg, Literature book of

Integrated Waste Management, Germany, . . G. Tchobanglous, F. Burton, Wastewater Engineering, Treatment,

Disposal and Reuse, rd edition, .

. . " "