∫‰ÙÈËڷƱπ∏¥ ¨Â· ¨ÔÂÒÓ¯·‡ ȯ‡Ï˙·Ȅ‡· ¨¯ÈÈ ÏÚ ˜ÈÏȯ˜‡

ÆÔÓ‡‰

ÌÈÓÚÙ· ÌÚÙ‰ ≤

‰ÚÈ„È ∫Ì”·Ó¯‰ Ï˘ ÒÂ‡Ó Â˙ÂÓÏÒ‡˙‰ µ¯ÂÊÓ ¯ÈÓ‡ Ø ‰˘„Á

Ï˘ ÒÂ˙ÈӉ ‰Ï·˜‰ Ï˘ ‰Èˆ˜ÈÙÈËÒÈÓ‰ πÒ‰ ÊÚ· Ø ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰

‰‡Ó‰ ˙Ï·˜· ‰Èχ ÍÂÁ Ï˘ Ì˙ÈÈÏÚ ≥±Èχ¯˘È „„ÂÚ Ø ‰¯˘Ú ˘ÂÏ˘‰

ÔÓ ∫‰˘„Á‰ ˙Ú· ˙ÂÈ„Â‰È ‰Ú·˘‰ ˙ÂÁψ µµÈ¯¯‰ Ï·ÂÈ Ø Ï‡¯˘ÈÏ ÈÓÏÒÂÓ‰ ·Á¯Ó‰

ÂÏÈ· ̯ÂÈ Ø ˙ÈÏÂÙÈË ‰˘È‚Ù „ÂÚÈ˙ — ‰·È˙η ÈÂÙȯ ∫ÁÙÒ ∑π

ÈÈÒ¯Ó· ˙ÒΉ È˙· ˙ÂÓ„Ï ÌȘ ∏µ˜ÈÙ ·‡Ê ‰ÓÏ˘ Ø ÌÈÈÈ·‰ ÈÓÈ· ̉Ȃ‰ÓÂ

±∞∏ ’ÌÈÓÚÙ’· ·ÏΖԇ‰„ ËÈȯ‰ Ï˘ ‰¯Ó‡Ó ÏÚ ˙·‚˙Ø ¯˜Ù‰ ‰„˘Î ‰È‚ÂÏÂȈÂÒ· ÌÈÁ¯ÊÓ‰ ¯˜Á ±±µ

˜ÒÈÏ ‰˘Ó Ô¯˜ÈÒ ‰˘Ó Ø ‰·Â‚˙ ±≤≤

·ÏΖԇ‰„ ËÈȯ‰ Ø ‰·Â˘˙ ±≤¥

˙¯Â˜È·Â ÌÈÂÈÚ— ‚„¯È· χٯ È·¯Ï ÌÈ„ÂÓÈÏ ÔÂ˘Ï ÏÚ ±≤π

ÔÓÓ Ô¯‰‡ Ø ¯˘‡–¯· ‰˘Ó ˙¯Â„‰Ó

˙¯˜ÈÒ˙ÂÈ„¯ÙÒ ˙ÂÏȉ˜ ÏÚ „ÂÓÈÏ ¯ÙÒ ÏÚ Ò˜ÂÙ ¯Ó˙ ±¥∑

‰‡Â˘·

‰Ï·˜‚‰ÓÂ

3_Pe110_ Huss_2 10.06.2007, 07:347

3_Pe110_ Huss_2 10.06.2007, 07:358

9 | ‰Ï·˜‰ Ï˘ ‰Èˆ˜ÈÙÈËÒÈÓ‰

ËÒ‚‡· ÌÈÏ˘Â¯È· ÌÈȘ˙‰˘ ¨˙„‰È‰ ÈÚ„ÓÏ ¯˘Ú ‰Ú·¯‡‰ ÈÓÏÂÚ‰ Ò¯‚˜· È˙‡ˆ¯‰ ÏÚ ÒÒÂ·Ó ‰Ê ¯Ó‡Ó ™Ï˘ ˙ÂËÂÈË Â‡¯˜˘ ¨¯·Á Á¯ ‰‡È¯Ó ÔÂ¯Ó ˙ȯ ¨¯·Á ÔÁ ¨È¯¯‰ Ï·ÂÈ ¨¯˜‰ χÂÈÏ ‰„ÂÓ È‡ Æ≤∞∞µ

ÆÈ˙‡ ÂÓÈÎÒ‰ „ÈÓ˙ ‡Ï ̇ Ì‚ ¨È˙ÂÚË ˙‡ „„ÁÏ ÈÏ Â¯ÊÚ ˙·¢Á ˙¯ډ ÈÏ Â¯ÈÚ‰ ¨‰Ê ¯Ó‡ÓÆ≤∂µ ßÓÚ ¨Â˜ÂÙ ±

Æπ¥≠π± ßÓÚ ¨ÌÈÈÓ„˜‡ ÌÈ„ÂÓÈÏ ¨Ï„ȇ ∫‡¯ ‰Ï ‰˙ÎÊ˘ ‰·¯‰ ‰¯˜Âȉ ÂÊ ‰ÏÂÎÒ‡ ÏÚ ≤Ƶ≥ ßÓÚ ¨‰Ï·˜ ¨Ï„ȇ ≥

‰Ï·˜‰ Ï˘ ‰Èˆ˜ÈÙÈËÒÈÓ‰˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ÒÂ˙ÈÓ‰Â

Ò‰ ÊÚ·

The work of an intellectual is… through the analysesthat he carries out in his own field, to question overand over again what is postulated as self-evident, todisturb people’s mental habits, the way they do andthink things, to dissipate what is familiar and accepted,to reexamine rules and institutions, and on the basis ofthis re-problematization…toparticipate in the formationof a political will±

¨Ìȯ˘Ú‰ ‰‡Ó‰ Ï˘ ‰Â˘‡¯‰ ˙ȈÁÓ· ÈÓ¡ ¯˜ÁÓ ‰„˘Î ¯ˆÂ˘ ¨˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ¯˜Á‰ÈÏÙȈÒÈ„Î Ìȯ˘Ú‰ ‰‡Ó‰ Ï˘ ‰ÈÈ˘‰ ˙ȈÁÓ· ÒÒ·˙‰ ¨ÂÈ„ÈÓÏ˙ ÌÂÏ˘ Ì›÷¯‚ È„È Ïڨȷ¯ÚÓ‰ ÌÏÂÚ· ÌÈ·¯ ÌÈÈÓ„˜‡ ˙„ÒÂӷ χ¯˘È· ˙‡ËÈÒ¯·È‡‰ Ïη ˙È˙¯˜ÂÈ ˙ÈÓ„˜‡Ô˘‡¯·Â ˙¢ ˙ÂÈ˙·¯˙ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙˘ ‰Á‰‰ ÏÚ ˙˙˘ÂÓ ‰Ê ¯˜ÁÓ ‰„˘ ≤Æ˙ȯ·‰–˙ˆ¯‡· ¯˜ÈÚ·‡ˆÂÈÎ ˙¯Á‡ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ ‰Ù¯ȇ Á¯ÊÓ ˙„ÈÒÁ ¨Ê΢‡ ˙„ÈÒÁ ¨˙ÂÏÎȉ‰ ˙¯ÙÒ ÔΩ ‰Ï·˜‰Ï˘ ‰ÈÂÂÁ ‡È‰ ÂÊ ‰ÚÙÂ˙ Æ˙ÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ ˙ÈËÒÈÓ ‰ÚÙÂ˙ Ï˘ ÈÙȈÙÒ È„Â‰È ÈÂËÈ· Ô‰ ®‰Ï‡·˙ÒÙ˙ ¨È„ÂÁÈÈ ‰Ú„Â˙ ·ˆÓ· ‰Î¯Ή ¨˘‚ÙÓ‰ ˙ÈÈÂÂÁ ¨˙ÈÊÈÙËÓ Â‡ ˙ȉÂχ ˙Â˘È ÌÚ ˘‚ÙÓ‰˘Ó ȯ·„· ˘È ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓÏ ÂÊ ‰˘È‚ Ï ̆˜‰·ÂÓ ÁÂÒÈ Æ˙È˙„‰ ‰ÈÂÂÁ‰ Ï˘ ‰‡È˘Î ‡ ‰˙ȈÓ˙Î

∫ßÌÈ˘„Á ÌÈ˷ȉ ∫‰Ï·˜ß ¯ÙÒ· τȇ

Æχ‰ ÌÚ „ÂÁȇ‰ ˙ÈÂÂÁ ‡È‰ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙ȈÓ˙ ¨˙„‰ ˙ȈÓ˙ ‡È‰ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ̇‰‡È˘Ï ÌÈ˙ÚÏ ‰ÚÈ‚Ó ¨‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙¯ˆ ·Â¯ ˙‡ ˙ÈÈÙ‡Ó‰ ¨ÌÈÈ˙„‰ ÌÈÈÁ‰ ˙ÓˆÚ‰˙ÂÈÂ˘È ÌÚ „ÂÁȇ ÈÒÁÈ Ï˘ Ìȯ‡È˙· ÚÈÙÂÓ È˙¯ÙÒ‰ ÔÈÈÂËÈ·˘ ¨˙ÂÈÚ·Ë–ÏÚ ˙ÂÈÂÂÁ·

≥ÆÂÓˆÚ Ï‡‰ ÌÚ Û‡ ÌÈÓÚÙÏ ˙ÂȇÏÈÚ

≥∞≠π ’ÓÚ ¨®Ê”Ò˘˙© ±±∞ ÌÈÓÚÙ

3_Pe110_ Huss_2 10.06.2007, 07:359

Ò‰ ÊÚ· | 10

Ì˙¯ˆÂÂÈ‰Ï ÒÈÒ· ‰˘ÓÈ˘ ¨‰¯˘Ú Ú˘˙‰ ‰‡Ó· ‰Ù¯ȇ· ‰˘·‚˙‰˘ ¨‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ÂÊ ‰ÒÈÙ˙˙ÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ ‰ÚÙÂ˙Î ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ¯˜Á· ˙˜ÒÂÚ‰ ˙ÂÈÓ„˜‡ ˙ÂÈÏÙȈÒÈ„ Ï˘Â ¯˜ÁÓ ˙„˘ Ï˘Âχ ˙ÂÈÓ„˜‡ ˙¯‚ÒÓ· Æ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙ӂ„ ¨˙ÂÈÙȈÙÒ ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ ˙¯ÂÒÓ ¯˜Á·ÂÔ‰ ‰Ï‡ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙˘ ÌÈÁÈÓ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‰È¯Â‚Ë˜Ï ˙¢ ˙ÂÈ·¯˙Ó ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ Ìȯ˜ÂÁ ÌÈÎÈÈ˘ÓÆÈË„ˆÒ¯Ë‰ ‡ ȉÂχ‰ ÌÚ ˘‚ÙÓ Ï˘ ÔÙ„ ˙‡ˆÂÈ ˙ÂÈÂÂÁÏ ¨‰˜Â„‰ ‰˜ÈÊ· ˙„ÓÂÚ Â‡ ¨ÈÂËÈ·˙˙È ‰È‡˘ ¨˙Ù˙Â˘Ó ˙Â‰Ó ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙Ï˘ Ìȯ·ÂÒ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ȯ˜ÂÁ˘ ¯Á‡Ó¯˜ÁÓ· ˘Ó˙˘‰Ï ˘È˘ ÌÈÚÂË Ì‰ ¨ÌÈÈ‚ÂÏÂÎÈÒÙ ÌÈÈ˙¯·Á ¨ÌÈÈÏÎÏÎ ÌÈÓ¯Â‚Ï ‰ÈȈ˜Â„¯Ï˙Ϸ˜Ӊ ¨˙È˙‡Â¢‰‰ ‡ ˙È‚ÂÏÂÓÂÙ‰ ‰„Â˙Ó· ¯˜ÈÚ· ¨˙„ÁÂÈÓ ˙„Â˙Ó· Âχ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ ˙·‰Ï ͯ„‰˘ ‡È‰ ÂÊ ‰„Â˙Ó· ˘ÂÓÈ˘‰ „ÂÒÈ·˘ ‰Á‰‰ Æ˙Â˙„‰ ¯˜Á·

ÆÔ‰Ï ÌÈÙ˙¢Ӊ ÌÈӯ‚‰ ˙‡ Û¢ÁÏ ‰¯ËÓ· ÂÊÏ ÂÊ Ô˙‡Â¢‰ ‡È‰‰ÒÈÙ˙·˘ ˙ÂÈ˙ÈÈÚ·‰ ÏÚ ÌÈ¢ Ìȯ˜ÂÁ „ÓÚ ‰¯·Ú˘ ‰‡Ó‰ Ï˘ ÌÈÂÓ˘‰ ˙Â˘Ó ÏÁ‰˙˘· Æ˙Â˙„‰ ¯˜ÁÓ Ï˘ „ÂÒȉ ˙ÂÁ‰·Â ®Religion ¯ÓÂÏΩ ˙„ ‚˘ÂÓ‰ Ï˘ ˙ÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ‰Âȯ·„Ï Æ˙ȯ˜ÁÓ ‰ÈȈ˜Â¯ËÒ˜ ‡Ï‡ ‰È‡ ˙„‰˘ ˙ÈÓÒ ßÊ Ô˙Âß‚ ˙Â˙„‰ ¯˜ÂÁ Ú·˜ ±π∏≤

·È·˘ ‰Á ∫ÌÂÏȈ ÆÌÂÏ˘ Ì˘¯‚

3_Pe110_ Huss_2 10.06.2007, 07:3510

11 | ‰Ï·˜‰ Ï˘ ‰Èˆ˜ÈÙÈËÒÈÓ‰

‰‡Â¢‰ Ï˘ ˙ÂÈÂÈÓ„ ˙ÂÏÂÚÙ ˙ÂÚˆÓ‡· ¨‰¯ˆÂ ‡È‰ Ư˜ÁÓ‰ Ï˘ ‰¯ÈˆÈ ˜¯Â ͇ ‡È‰ ¢˙„¢ß¥Æ߉ÈÓ„˜‡Ï ıÂÁÓ È‡ÓˆÚ ÌÂȘ Ôȇ ˙„Ï Æ¯˜ÂÁ‰ Ï˘ ÌÈÈËÈχ‰ ÌÈίˆ‰ ÔÚÓÏ ¨‰ÏÏΉÂ

‡Ï˘ ¨ß˙„‰ Ï˘ ˙ÂÈ‚Âχ‚ß Â¯ÙÒ· ¨±ππ≥ ˙˘· ÔÚË ®Asad© „Ò‡ χÏË ‚ÂÏÂÙ¯˙‡‰¯ˆÈ ̆˙ÈÂÂÈү˜ÒÈ„ ‰È·‰ ‡Â‰ ˙„ ‚˘ÂÓ‰˘ ÍÎ ÏÚ „ÓÚ ¨˙„‰ Ï˘ ˙ÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ ‰¯„‚‰ ÔÎ˙È˙˙„ÂÒȉ˘ ÈÙÓ ˜¯ ‡Ï ¨˙„ Ï˘ ˙ÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ ‰¯„‚‰ ÔÎ˙È˙ ‡Ïß Â˙ÚËÏ ÆÈ·¯ÚÓ‰ ÌÊȯ„ÂÓ‰‡È‰ ‰ÓˆÚ ‰¯„‚‰‰˘ ÈÙÓ ‡Ï‡ ¨ÌÈȯÂËÒȉ Ìȇ˙ ÈÈÂÏ˙ ̉ ˙„‰ Ï˘ ÌÈÂÎÓ‰ ÌÈÒÁȉÂ

µÆßÌÈÈÂÂÈү˜ÒÈ„ ÌÈÎÈω˙ Ï˘ ȯÂËÒȉ ¯ˆÂ˙È˙ÂÓÈË ¨®McCutcheon© ÔÂßˆË˜Ó ÏÒ¯ ̉ÈÈ· ¨ÌÈ¢ Ìȯ˜ÂÁ ‚Ȉ‰ ˙¯Á‡‰ ÌÈ˘·˙È‚Âχ˙‰ ˙ÂÚÓ˘Ó· ÌÈÈ˙¯Â˜È· ÌÈÂÈ„ ¨®Dubuisson© ÔÂÒȷ„ χȄ ®Fitzgerald© „ϯ߂ˆÈÙ∂Æ· ‰‚‰‰ ˙È‚ÂÏÂÓÂÙ‰ ‰„Â˙Ó‰ Ï˘Â ˙Â˙„‰ ¯˜Á ‰„˘ Ï˘ ¨˙„ ‚˘ÂÓ‰ Ï˘ ˙ÈËÈÏÂÙ‰ÂÔÁ·˘ ¨‚Ș „¯ßˆÈ¯ ̉·Â ¨‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‚˘ÂÓ‰ Ï˘ È˙¯Â˜È· ¯˜ÁÓ· Ìȯ˜ÂÁ ‰ÓИÒÚ „·· „·Ë·Ó ˙„Â˜Ó ÌÊȉ„·‰Â ÌÊȇ„ȉ‰ Ï˘ ‰Èˆ˜ÈÙÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙‡ ß˙„ ÌÊÈÏËÈÈ¯Â‡ß Â¯ÙÒ·‰¯˜È· ß˙ȯˆÂ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ¯„‚Ó ¨ÁÂÎß ‰¯ÙÒ·˘ ¨®Jantzen© ÔˆÈ ÒÈȯ‚ ¨˙ÈχÈÂϘ–ËÒÂÙ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰˘ ‰Á‰‰ ˙‡Ê ˙¯ÓÏ ∑Æ˙ȯˆÂ‰ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ¯˜ÁÓ ˙‡ ˙ȯ„‚Ó ‰·È˘ÙÒ¯ÙÓ¨ÈÓ„˜‡‰ ¯˜ÁÓ· ÔÈÈ„Ú ˙Ï·Â˜Ó ¨‰˙·‰Ï ˙„ÁÂÈÓ ˙„Â˙Ó ˙˘¯Â„‰ ¨˙ÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ ‰ÚÙÂ˙ ‡È‰

∏Æ˙È„Â‰È ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ Ï˘ ÌÈÈÂËÈ·Î ˙ÂÒÙ˙‰ ˙ÂÙÒ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ ‰Ï·˜‰ ¯˜ÁÓ „ÂÒÈ· ˙„ÓÂÚÂÆ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ‰È‚Âχ‚·Â ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‚˘ÂÓ· È˙¯Â˜È· ÔÂÈ„ ÚȈ‡ ‰Ê ¯Ó‡Ó·˙ÂÂÎÓ‰ ¨˙ÂÚÙÂ˙Ï ˜¯Â ͇ ¨˙ÂÚÙÂ˙‰ ÏÎÏ ˙ÂÙ˙¢Ӊ ˙ÂÂÎ˙ ‡ ‰ÂÎ˙ Ì¢ Ôȇ ¨È˙ÚËϯ˜ÁÓÏ ˙È„ÂÁÈÈ ‰„Â˙Ó Ì¢· ͯˆ Ôȇ˘ Ô‡ÎÓ Æ˯ٷ ˙È„Â‰È ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ÏÏη ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ Ì˘·‰˜„ˆ‰ Ôȇ ¨‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ Ì˘· ¨˙ÂÚË· ¨ÌÈÂÎÓ‰ ˙ÂÈ˙·¯˙‰ ˙˜È˘¯Ù‰ Ï˘Â ÌÈËҘˉ Ï˘

‘Religion is solely the creation of the scholar’s study. It is created for the scholar’s analytic ¥purposes by his imaginative acts of comparison and generalization. Religion has no independent

Æ®±± ßÓÚ ¨˙ÈÓÒ© existence apart from the academy’‘There cannot be a universal definition of religion, not only because its constituent elements and µrelationships are historically specific, but because the definition is itself the historical product

Æ¥∏≠¥∑ ¨¥≥≠¥∞ ßÓÚ ¨Ì˘ ∫Ì‚ ‡¯Â Æ®≤π ßÓÚ ¨„Ò‡© of discursive processes’Æϯ‡ ªÔ‡¯· ∫Ì‚ ‡¯Â ÆÔÂÒȷ„ ª‰È‚Âχ„ȇ‰ ¨„ϯ߂ˆÈÙ ª˙„‰ ˙˘Â¯Á ¨ÔÂßˆË˜Ó ∂

ÌÈ·Â˘Á‰ ÌÈÈ˙¯Â˜È·‰ ̉ÈÂÈ„ ˙¯ÓÏ ÆÛ¯˘ ∫Ì‚ ‡¯Â Æ≤µ≠¥ ßÓÚ ¨ÔˆÈ ª±∏∂≠±∂± ¨≥¥≠∑ ßÓÚ ¨‚Ș ∑¨Ì˙„ÓÚÏ „‚ȷ Æ˙ÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ ‰È¯Â‚˘Π˙ÓÈȘ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ÈÎ ‚È˜Â ÔˆÈ ÂÁȉ ¨‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‰È¯Â‚˘·¯Â˙ÈÂÂÏ ‰Úˆ‰ ÆÈ¯Ó‚Ï ‰ÈÏÚ ¯˙ÂÂÏ ‡Ï‡ ¨Âʉ ‰È¯Â‚˘· ˘ÂÓÈ˘‰ ˙‡ Ô˜˙Ï ÚÈˆÓ Èȇ Ìȇ·‰ Ìȯ·„·ÂÏȇ ¨®Religion© ˙„ ‰È¯Â‚˘‰ Ï˘ ‰ÓÂȘ ˙‡ ϷȘ ‡Â‰ ͇ ¨¯Ù ¯·Î ‰ÏÚ‰ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‰È¯Â‚˘‰ ÏÚ˙¯˜ӷ ‡¯ ¯˜ÁÓ· ˙„ ‰È¯Â‚˘· ˘ÂÓÈ˘‰ ÏÚ ˙¯Â˜È·Ï Æ˙ÂÚËÓ ˙¯˙ÂÈÓ ˙Âȯ‚˘‰ È˙˘ ̆ÔÚÂË È‡

Æ˙ӄ˜‰ ‰¯Ú‰· ¯Îʉ˘„ÏÂȯ‚ Ï˘ÓÏ ÆȄ‰ȉ ¯˘˜‰· ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‚˘ÂÓ· ˘ÂÓÈ˘‰Ó ˙Á ¯ÒÂÁ ÂÚÈ·‰ Ìȯ˜ÂÁ ‰Ó΢ Û‡ ˙‡Ê ∏ȉÈÊ ÏÚ ˙¯Â˜È· Æ≤π≠≤∏ ßÓÚ ¨„ÏÂȯ‚ ∫‡¯ ¨®Spirituality© ˙ÂÈÁ¯ ‚˘ÂÓ‰ ˙‡ ÛȄډ ÍÎÓ ‚ÈÈ˙Ò‰¯ÊÁ ¨ÂÊ ˙‚ÈÈ˙Ò‰ ˙¯ÓÏ Æ≤±≠±∏ ßÓÚ ¨ÔÈÈÚӉ ·Ï‰ ¨Ô„ ∫Ì‚ ‰Â¯Á‡Ï ‡¯ ˙È„Â‰È ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓÎ ‰Ï·˜‰ÔÚË Ò·ÈÏ ‰„Â‰È Ì‚ Æ≤± ßÓÚ ¨Ì˘ ∫‡¯ ªÌÂÏ˘ Ë˯˘˘ ‰Ó ÕÎÒ‰ ÈÙ ÏÚ ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙‡ ¯‡È˙ ԄßÓÚ ¨Ò·ÈÏ ∫‡¯ Æ˙ÁψÂÓ ‰È‡ ‰Ï·˜‰ ˙‡ ÔÈÈÙ‡Ï È„Î ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓÓ ‰¯ÂÊ‚‰ ‰ÏÈÓ· ‰¯ÈÁ·‰˘ ‰Â¯Á‡Ï¨ÔÏ‰Ï ‚Ȉ‡˘ ÂÏ‡Ó ˙¢ ˙ÂÚË Â· ˙‚ˆÂÓ˘ ¨‰Ï·˜‰ ¯˜Á· ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‚˘ÂÓ· ˘ÂÓÈ˘· È˙¯Â˜È· ÔÂÈ„ Æ∂

Ʊ∞¥≠±∞∞ ßÓÚ ¨¯ß‚„ȇ ∫‡¯

3_Pe110_ Huss_2 10.06.2007, 07:3511

‰˜ÈËÒÈӉ ÏÏη ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ¨‰‡¯ Ǣ ÈÙÎ Æ˙È„Â‰È ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓÏ È„ÂÁÈÈ ¯˜ÁÓ ‰„˘ Ï˘ ÂÓÂȘÏ˙·Á¯‰ ˙·˜Ú· ¨‰˘„Á‰ ˙Ú· ‰Ù¯ȇ· ¯ˆÂ˘ ¨˙ÂÈÂÂÈү˜ÒÈ„ ˙ÂÈ·‰ Ô‰ ˯ٷ ˙Ȅ‰ȉ‡Ï˘ ˙ÂÈ·¯˙ ÏÚ Â˙ÏÁ‰Â — ˜‰·ÂÓ È¯ˆÂ È‚Âχ˙ ‚˘ÂÓ — ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‚˘ÂÓ‰ Ï˘ ˙ÂÚÓ˘Ó‰Ï˘Â ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‚˘ÂÓ‰ Ï˘ ‰ÏÁ‰‰ ÆÂÏ ÛÙÂÁ‰ ‚˘ÂÓ Ì¢· ¢Ó˙˘‰ ‡Ï˘Â ¨‰Ê ‚˘ÂÓ Â¯ÈΉÌÊÈχȯÙÓȇ‰ ˙¯‚ÒÓ· ‰˙˘Ú ˙ÂȯˆÂ–˙ÂÈÙ¯ȇ ‡Ï ˙ÂÈ·¯˙ ÏÚ ¨˙„ ¨ÂÈχ ˙ÈÂÂω ‰È¯Â‚˘‰ÌÈ‚˘ÂÓ· ˙¢ ˙ÂÈ·¯˙ Ï˘ ˙ÂÈÓÂ‡Ï ˙ÂÈÂ‰Ê ˙ÈÈ·‰ ˙¯‚ÒÓ·Â ¨·¯ÚÓ‰ Ï˘ ÌÊÈχÈÂϘ‰Â

Æ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ì‚ ‰¯ˆÂ — ÔÚˇ ÍÎ — Âχ Ìȯ˘˜‰· ÆÌÈÈÙ¯ȇ ÌÈÈÂÂÈү˜ÒÈ„‰È¯Â‚˘· ÌÈÏÏΉ ˙˜È˘¯Ù‰Â ÌÈËҘˉ Ï˘ ÌÓÂȘ ˙‡ ˘ÈÁÎÓ Èȇ˘ ˘È‚„‰Ï Ȉ¯·¯ÙÂÎ Èȇ ÆÌ‰Ï˘ ¯˜ÁÓÏ „‚˙Ó Èȇ ˙ÂÈ˙ÂÚÓ˘Ó ˙ÂȯÂËÒȉ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙Î ˙È„Â‰È ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ¨ÌÈ·ÏÓ ˙ÂÓ˘ ÂÈ˘ ¨˙ÂÁ·˘˙ ˙Â¯È˘ ¢ÁÏ ¨Ì‰Èί· ÔÈ· Ì˘‡¯ ˙‡ ÂÁȉ ÌÈ˘‡˘ Íη˙˜È˘¯Ù· ¢Ó˙˘‰ ̆ÌÈ˘‡Ï˘ Íη ˜ÙÒ ÏÈËÓ Èȇ ªÌȘȄˆ ȯ· ̃ÏÚ ÂÁË˙˘‰Â „„·˙‰Â‡ ‰‡Â· ¨Ô„Ú‰ Ô‚Ï ‰ÈÈÏÚ ¨‰·Î¯ÓÏ ‰„ȯÈΠ¯‡È˙ ̉˘ ÔÙ„ ȇˆÂÈ ÌÈÚ¯ȇ Âگȇ ÂÏωȯÂËÒȉ‰ Ô¯˘˜‰· Âχ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ ÂÁ·˘ ÌÈ·Â˘Á‰ Ìȯ˜ÁÓ‰ ˙‡ ÏÒÂÙ Èȇ ªÔȇ· ˙˜·„Ô‰ ÂÏω ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙‰˘ ¨È¯˜ÁÓ‰ ‰„˘· ÌÂÈÎ ˙ËÏ¢‰ ‰Á‰‰ „‚Î ˙ÈÙÂÓ È˙ÚË ÆÈ˙¯·Á‰Â˜ÙÒ ÏÈËÓ È‡ ÆÂÊ ‰Á‰Ó ˙Âڷ‰ ˙Âȯ˜ÁÓ‰ ˙˜È˘¯Ù‰ „‚Π¨˙È„Â‰È ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ Ï˘ ‰ÈÈÂËÈ·¨˙ÂȯˆÂ© ˙ ̆˙ÂÈ·¯˙· ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ ˙ÂÂÎÓ‰ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙‰ ÏÎÏ ÂÓÎ ¨ÂÏω ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙‰ ÏÎÏ˘ ÍηÌÈÙ˙¢Ӊ ÌÈӯ‚ ‡ ̯‚ ˘È ¨®‰Ï‡· ‡ˆÂÈΠ˙ÂȘȯӇ ¨˙ÂȄ‰ ¨˙ÂÈÙÈ ¨˙ÂÈÈÒ ¨˙ÂÈÓÏÒÂÓ˙‡Â ¨˙Á‡ ‰È¯Â‚Ë˜Ï ˙ÂÎÈÈ˘ Ô‰˘ ‰Á‰‰ ˙‡ ¨‰Ê Ì˘· ÔÈÂÈÎ ˙‡ ÌȘȄˆÓ‰Â ¨Ô‰Ï ˜¯Â ͇ ¨Ô‰Ï

¨ÌȯˆÓ ¨¯Â‰Ó„· ‡¯ÈˆÁ·‡ ·˜ÚÈ Ï·Â˜Ó‰ ·¯‰ Ï˘ ¯·˜ ÏÚ ˙ÂÏÏÙ˙Ó ÌÈ˘ ¨ıÈ˘ÙÈÏ È„„ÔÓ‡‰ ˙·Ȅ‡· ¨±ππ∂ ¨’¯Â‰Ó„ ˘„˜’ ÌÈÓÂψ˙‰ ˙¯„Ò ÍÂ˙Ó Ë¯Ù

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3_Pe110_ Huss_2 10.06.2007, 07:3512

˙ÂÚÙÂ˙‰ ˙‡ È˙Ú„Ï πÆÔ‰Ï ÌÈ„ÁÂÈÓ‰ ‰‡¯Â‰Â ¯˜ÁÓ ˙ÂËÈ˘Â ¯˜ÁÓ ÈÓÂÁ˙ Ï˘ ÌÂÈÎÌÈÈÂËÈ·Î ¯Â˜ÁÏ Ôȇ ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ¯˜ÁÓ‰ ‰„˘· ÌÂÈÎ ˙ÂÏÏΉ ˙¢‰ ˙ÂÈ˙·¯˙‰‡Ï‡ ¨˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ‰˙ÂÁ˙Ù˙‰· ÌÈ¢ ÌÈ·Ï˘Î ˙ÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ ˙È˙„ ‰ÚÙÂ˙ Ï˘˙ÂÈ˙¯·Á ˙ÂÈÏÎÏÎ ¨˙ÂȯÂËÒȉ ˙¯‚ÒÓ· ÌÈÈËÈÏÂÙ ÌÈίˆ ÍÂ˙Ó Â¯ˆÂ˘ ˙·¯˙ ȯˆÂ˙Î˙‡ ¨˙È„Â‰È ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‰È¯Â‚˘‰ ˙‡ È˙Ú„Ï ¯Â˜ÁÏ ˘È ͯ„ ‰˙‡· ˜ÂÈ„· Æ˙ÂÈÙȈÙÒȯˆÂ˙ ˙Âȯ˜ÁÓ‰ ˙˜È˘¯Ù‰ ˙‡Â ¨ÂÊ ‰È¯Â‚˘ ÏÚ ÒÒ·Ӊ ¯˜ÁÓ‰ ‰„˘ Ï˘ ‰È‚Âχ‚‰

ÆÂÊ ˙¯‚ÒÓ· ¯ˆÂ˘ ˙·¯˙‰¨˙˜È˘¯Ù Ï˘ Ì˙ÏÏΉ ÏÚ ÒÒÂ·Ó ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ÈÓ„˜‡‰ ¯˜ÁÓ‰ ‰„˘¯Á‡ ‚˘ÂÓ ÏΠ‰ÂÓΠ— ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‚˘ÂÓ‰ Ú„ÈΠƉ˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‰È¯Â‚˘· ˙¢ ˙¯ÂÒÓ ÌÈËÒ˜Ë˙¯Á‡ ˙ÂȯˆÂ ‡Ï ˙ÂÈ·¯˙· ‡Ï ±∞¨˙Ȅ‰ȉ ˙·¯˙· ÌÈȘ ‰È‰ ‡Ï — ‰Ó„ ˙ÂÚÓ˘Ó ÏÚ·˙¢‰ ˙¯„‚‰‰ Ï˘ Ô„ÂÒÈ· „ÓÂÚ ̆¨‰ÈÂÂÁ ‚˘ÂÓ‰ Ì‚ Æ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ ˙ÂÚÙ ̇Ô‰· ‰‰ÊÓ ¯˜ÁÓ‰˘ÌÈȘ ‡Â‰ Ôȇ ±±¨Ô„¯Â‚ „„ Ô¯‰‡ È„È· ‡ˆÓ‰˘ „Ú ˙ȯ·Ú· ÌÈȘ ‰È‰ ‡Ï ¨‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘¯˜ÈÚ· ¨˙ȯ„ÂÓ‰ ˙ȯ·Ú· ıÂÙÏ ÌÓ‡ ÍÙ‰ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ÁÂÓ‰ ±≤Æ˙¯Á‡ ˙ÂÈÙ¯ȇ ‡Ï ˙ÂÙ˘·¨ÌÈ‚ÂϯËÒ‡© Ìȇ˜ÈËÒÈÓ Ì˘· ˙¯·Â„Ó‰ ‰Ù˘· ÌÈÂÎÓ˘ ÈÓ ‡˜Â„ Ìχ ¨˙¯Á‡‰ ÌÈ˘·ÌÈÏÏÎ Ìȇ ±≥®‰Ï‡· ‡ˆÂÈΠ‰Ù˜· ÌÈÁ˙ÂÙ ¨ÌÈÙϘ ȇ¯Â˜ ¨ÌÈÈ·È˯Ëχ ÌÈ‡Ù¯Ó ¨Ìȯ˘˜ Ã̇ ŸÓ˘Ó˙˘‰Ï ·ÈÂÁÓ ¯˜ÂÁ‰˘ ¯Â·Ò Èȇ ÌÓ‡ Æ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ȯ˜ÂÁ Ï˘ ¯˜ÁÓ‰ ‰„˘·‰˜„ˆ‰ ‰‡Â¯ Èȇ ˙Ú· ‰· ͇ ¨ÂÏ˘ ¯˜ÁÓ‰ ȇ˘ÂÓ ˙‡ ÌÈ˘Ó˘Ó‰ ˙Âȯ‚˘·Â ÌÈ‚˘ÂÓ·

¨‰Ù˘ ȘÁ˘Ó ¨„ϯ߂ˆÈÙ ∫‡¯ ¨˙„ ‚˘ÂÓÏ ¯˘‡· „ϯ߂ˆÈÙ Ï˘ ÂÈ˙ÂÁ·‰ ÂÓ¯˙ ÏÈÚÏ„ Ìȯ·„‰ ÁÂÒÈÏ πÆ≤¥π ßÓÚ

‚˘ÂÓ· ¢Ó˙˘‰ Ìȯ˘Ú‰ ‰‡Ó‰ ˙È˘‡¯· ÌÈ„Â‰È ÌÈ„ÓÂÏÓ Æ±∏ ßÓÚ ¨ÔÈÈÚӉ ·Ï‰ ¨Ô„ ª≤∏ ßÓÚ ¨„ÏÂȯ‚ ±∞˘ÂÓÈ˘‰ ¨˙Ù˙Â˘Ó ˙ÈÂÂÈ ‰È‚ÂÏÂÓÈˇ ÌÈÏÈÓ‰ È˙˘Ï˘ Û‡ Ìχ Ɖ˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‚˘ÂÓÏ Ì‚¯˙Î ¨ÔȯÂ˙ÒÓ È¯·Ú‰

Ɖ˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‚˘ÂÓ· ȯ„ÂÓ‰ ˘ÂÓÈ˘‰Ó ‰Â˘ ÔȯÂ˙ÒÓ ‚˘ÂÓ· È˙¯ÂÒÓ‰ ȯ·Ú‰ÈÊÎ¯Ó „ȘÙ˙ ‡ÏÈÓ˘ ¨Erlebniss ÈÓ¯‚‰ ‚˘ÂÓ‰ Ï˘ Ì‚¯˙ ‡Â‰ ‰ÈÂÂÁ ‚˘ÂÓ‰ Æ≤∑∑≠≤∑∂ ßÓÚ ¨Ô„¯Â‚ ±±„˘‡–¯Ï‰ Æ≤≤ ‰¯Ú‰ ¨≤∏ ßÓÚ ¨„˘‡–¯Ï‰ ∫‡¯Â ÆÌȯ˘Ú‰ ‰‡Ó‰ ˙È˘‡¯· ˙ÂÈËÓ¯–‡‰ ˙ÂÒÈÙ˙·‰ÏÈÓß ∫‰Ê ¯„ÚÈ‰Ó ˙ڷ‰ ˙ÂÈ˙ÈÈÚ·Ï ‡Ï ͇ ¨‰¯˜Á˘ ˙¯˜ӷ ÂÊ ‰ÏÈÓ Ï˘ ‰¯„ÚÈ‰Ï ˙Ú„ÂÓ ‰˙Èȉ‡ ÆԇΠÌÈ„‰ ÌÈȄ‰ȉ ˙¯˜Ӊ Ïη ËÏ·‰ ‰¯„Ú‰ ˙‡ ˙‡ÏÓÓ ¨Ô„¯Â‚ ڷˢ ÂÊ ‰˜È˙Ú–‰˘„Á¨˙·˙‰Â ÔÂÈÚ Ï˘ ˙¢ ˙¯ˆ ˙¯‡˙Ó‰ ÌÈÏÈÓ ˙¢‚¯ ˙¯‡˙Ó‰ ÌÈÏÈÓ ˙ȯ‰Âʉ ˙ÈÓ¯‡· ÌȇˆÂÓ˙‡ ¯‡˙Ï È„Î ¨‰È‰ ‰ÏӉ ÌÈÈÁ ‰ÏÈÓ‰ ÔÈ· Ô„¯Â‚ ¯ˆÈ˘ „ÁÂÈÓ‰ ¯Â·ÈÁ‰ ¨˙ȯ·Ú· ÂÓÎ ¨‰· ¯ÒÁ ͇

ÆßÔ‰È˙˘ ˙„ÎÏ˙‰keiken ¨‰Ê ‚˘ÂÓÏ ÌÈÈÙȉ ÌÈÁÂÓ‰˘Â ¨‰ÈÂÂÁ ‰˙‡¯Â‰˘ ‰ÏÈÓ Ôȇ ‰Ó„˜‰ ˙ÈÙÈ·˘ ÍÎ ÏÚ „ÓÚ Û¯˘ ±≤experience ÌÈÁÂÓÏ ÌÈÓ‚¯˙Î ®±π±≤≠±∏∂∏© Èß‚ÈÓ ˙Ù˜˙· ¯ˆÂ˘ ÌÈȯ„ÂÓ ÔÂ˘Ï È˘Â„ÈÁ ̉ ¨taiken–¨ÌÈÓÈȘ ‰Ï‡ ÌÈÁÂÓ Ôȇ ˙ÈÈÒ· Û‡˘ ÛÈÒ‰ Û¯˘ Æ˙Âȯ„ÂÓ ˙ÂÈ·¯ÚÓ ˙ÂÈÙÂÒÂÏÈÙ ˙¯Ȉȷ erlebniss–Â≠ππ ßÓÚ ¨Û¯˘ ∫‡¯ ÆÌÈÈ·¯ÚÓ‰ ÌÈËÒ˜ËÏ Ì‰ÈÓ‚¯˙· ˙ÂÈÙȉ ÌÈÏÈÓ‰ ˙‡ ˆÓȇ ÌÈÈÈÒ‰ ÌÈÓ‚¯˙Ó‰˘Â‰ÏÈ·˜Ó ¯„Úȉ ÏÚ Æ˙ÂÈÙ¯ȇ ‡Ï ˙ÂÙ˘· ‰ÏÈ·˜Ó Ôȇ ®Spirituality© ˙ÂÈÁ¯ ‚˘ÂÓÏ Ì‚˘ ÔÈÈˆÏ ˘È Ʊ∞∞ÔÂÈ„Ï Æ∑∞ ßÓÚ ¨¯È ¯„ Ô ∫‡¯ ¨˙ÂȄ‰‰ ˙Â˙„‰ ÌÂÈÎ ˙‚ÈÂ˙Ó Â·˘ ¨˙ÂÈÁ¯ ‚˘ÂÓÏ ˙Ȅȉ·Â Ëȯ˜ÒÒ·

Ƶ≥≠≥∞ ßÓÚ ¨‚Ș ˯˜ ∫‡¯ ˙ȯ„ÂÓ ˙È·¯ÚÓ ‰È·‰Î ˙ÂÈÁ¯ ‚˘ÂÓ·Â˙¯˙Â΢© ÔÁ Ï˘ ‰¯ÙÒ· ÔÂÈÚÓ „ÂÓÏÏ Ô˙È ˙ȯ„ÂÓ‰ ˙ȯ·Ú· ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ÁÂÓ‰ Ï˘ ÈËÓÒ‰ ‰„˘‰ ÏÚ ±≥ÌÈ˘„˜ÂÓ‰ ˙ȯ·Ú· ÌÈÈÊίӉ ˯Ëȇ‰ ȯ˙‡Ó ÔΠ®ßÛȘӉ Íȯ„Ó‰ ∫ÌÈχ¯˘È ÌȘÈËÒÈÓ ±∞±ß¨‰Ó„‡ ‡Ó‡ Ï˯Â٠‡ ªhttp://alternativly.co.il/msn ¨ÈÏ–·È˯Ëχ Ï˯ÂÙ ˙ӂ„ ¨‰˜ÈËÒÈÓÏ

http://www.ima-adama.co.il

13 | ‰Ï·˜‰ Ï˘ ‰Èˆ˜ÈÙÈËÒÈÓ‰

3_Pe110_ Huss_2 10.06.2007, 07:3513

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˙¯‚ÒÓ· ˙ÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ ‰È¯Â‚˘Π˙ȯˆÂ‰ ‰È‚Âχ˙‰Ó Á˜ω ‚˘ÂÓ· È˙¯Â˜È· È˙Ï· ˘ÂÓÈ˘ÏƉ¯·Á‰Â Á¯‰ ÈÚ„Ó· ÈÓ„˜‡ ¯˜ÁÓ

Ï˘ ÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ‰ ÔÈÚ¯‚Ï ˙¢ ˙¯„‚‰ ¨ÁÒÏ ÌÈÎÈ˘ÓÓ ¨ÂÁÒÈ ÌÈ¢ Ìȯ˜ÂÁ ÌȂ‰‰Ê‰ Û˙¢Ӊ ÔÈÚ¯‚‰ ˙‡ ˙¯‡˙Ó ÂÏω ˙¯„‚‰‰ ˙È·¯Ó Æ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓÎ ˙‚ÈÂ˙Ó‰ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙‰ ÏÎ

±¥Æ˙ÈÊÈÙËÓ Â‡ ˙ȉÂχ ˙Â˘È ÌÚ ˘‚ÙÓ Ï˘ ‰ÈÂÂÁÎ˙È‚Âχ˙‰ ‰Á‰‰ ¨ÈÂÓÒ ÔÙ‡· ÌÈ˙ÚÏ ˘¯ÂÙÓ ÔÙ‡· ÌÈ˙ÚÏ ¨˙„ÓÂÚ Âχ ˙¯„‚‰ Ï˘ Ô„ÂÒÈ·¨˙ÈË„ˆÒ¯Ë ˙Â‡ÈˆÓ ÌÈÂÂÁ ̉ ·˘ ‰Ú„Â˙ ·ˆÓÏ ÚÈ‚‰Ï ÌÈÓÈÂÒÓ Ìȇ˙· ÌÈÏ‚ÂÒÓ Ì„‡ È·˘Ì¯Â‚‰ ‡È‰ ÂÊ ‰ÈÂÂÁ˘Â ¨ÌÈÏÈ‚¯‰ ‰Ú„Â˙‰ ÈÚˆÓ‡· ˙ÒÙ˙‰ ˙ȯÓÂÁ‰ ˙Â‡ÈˆÓ‰Ó ‰Â˘‰Ìȯ˜ÂÁÏ ˙Ù˙Â˘Ó ÂÊ ˙È‚Âχ˙ ‰Á‰ Æ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓÎ ˙¯‡Â˙Ó‰ ˙¢‰ ˙ÂÈ˙·¯˙‰ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ω‡Ó‰ ˙È˘‡¯Â ‰¯˘Ú Ú˘˙‰ ‰‡Ó‰ È‰Ï˘ Ï˘ ˙ÂȯËÂʇ‰ ˙ÂÚÂ˙Ï ¨˙Â˙„‰ ÈÚ„Ó ÌÂÁ˙· ÌÈ·¯ÏÒÂÙ Èȇ ±µÆÌȯ˘Ú‰ ‰‡Ó‰ Ï˘ ‰ÈÈ˘‰ ˙ȈÁÓ‰ Ï˘ ˘„Á‰ Ô„ÈÚ‰ ˙ÂÚÂ˙Ï ÔΠÌȯ˘Ú‰˙Âȯ‚˘ ÏÚ „ÂÒÈ ˙ÂÁ‰ ÏÚ ÈÓ„˜‡ ¯˜ÁÓ ÒÒ·Ï ˘È˘ ¯Â·Ò Èȇ Ìχ ¨ÂÊ ˙È‚Âχ˙ ‰„ÓÚÔÂÎ˙ ‡ χ‰ Ôˆ¯ ÍÓÒ ÏÚ ˙ÂÈ‚ÂÏÂÈ·Â ˙ÂÈϘÈÊÈÙ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ Ï˘ È‚Âχ˙ ¯·Ò‰˘ Ì˘Î Æ˙ÂÈ‚Âχ˙ÈÚ„Ó· ÈÓ„˜‡‰ ¯˜ÁÓ· Ï·˜Ï Ôȇ È˙Ú„Ï ÍÎ ¨Ú·Ë‰ ÈÚ„Ó· ÈÓ„˜‡ ¯˜ÁÓ· ÏÈ·˜ Âȇ È·˙‡Â‰ ˙ÂÈ˙·¯˙ ˙ÂÈ˙¯·Á ¨˙ÂȯÂËÒȉ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙Ï Ì¯Â‚‰ ÂÈÙÏ˘ È‚Âχ˙ ¯·Ò‰ ‰¯·Á‰Â Á¯‰

Æ˙ÈË„ˆÒ¯Ë ˙Â‡ÈˆÓ ÌÚ Â‡ ˙‰Âχ ÌÚ ˘‚ÙÓ˙ÂÈ˙„‰ ̉È˙ÂÙ˜˘‰Ï ̇˙‰· ¨˙¢ ˙¯ˆ· ÌÈÁÒÓ ‰˜ÈËÒÈӉ ˙„‰ ȯ˜ÂÁÌȯ‡˙Ó Ìȯ˜ÂÁ‰ ÌÈ˙ÚÏ ÆÈËÒÈÓ‰ ·ˆÓ· ˙ÈÂÂÁ‰ ˙‡ȈӉ Ï˘ ‰˙Â‰Ó ˙‡ ¨˙ÂÈ‚Âχ„ȇ‰ÂÌÚ ˘‚ÙÓ Ï˘ ‰ÈÂÂÁ ÏÚ Ìȯ·„Ó ¨ÌȘ‰·ÂÓ ÌÈÈËÒȇ˙ÂÂÓ ÌÈÈ‚Âχ˙ ÌÈ‚˘ÂÓ· ÂÊ ˙‡ȈӨËÏÁÂÓ‰ — ¯˙ÂÈ ÌÈÈÏÏÎ ÌÈÈÊÈÙËÓ ÌÈ‚˘ÂÓ· ÌÈ˘Ó˙˘Ó ̉ ÌÈ˙ÚÏ ¨È‰Âχ‰ ÌÚ Â‡ χ‰

±∂Ɖχ· ‡ˆÂÈΠÈË„ˆÒ¯Ë‰ ¨‰¯Â‰Ë‰ ‰Ú„Â˙‰ ¨˙ÈÊÈÙËÓ‰ ˙‡ȈӉ

Æ≥¥≥≠≤∂µ ßÓÚ ¨ÔÈ‚˜Ó ∫‡¯ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ˙¢‰ ˙Âȯ„ÂÓ‰ ˙ÂÒÈÙ˙‰ Ï˘ ˙˯ÂÙÓ ‰¯È˜ÒÏ ±¥ß˙„‰ ¯Á‡Ï˘ ˙„ß Ì¯ËÒ¯Ò ‰È΢ ‰„ÓÚ‰ „ÂÒÈ· ‰·¯ ‰„ÈÓ· ˙„ÓÂÚ ÂÊ ‰ÒÈÙ˙ Ʊ∂≥≠±∂≤ ßÓÚ ¨‚Ș ±µ¨Ìȯ˘Ú‰ ‰‡Ó‰ Ï˘ ÌÈÚÈÙ˘Ó‰ ˙„‰ ȯ˜ÂÁ ˙˘ÂÏ˘Ï Â˙Ú„Ï ˙Ù˙¢Ӊ ‰„ÓÚ ¨®Religion after Religion©˙Â˙„‰ ¯˜ÁÓ ÔÈ· ‰˜Èʉ ÏÚ Æ≥∞≠≤π ßÓÚ ¯˜ÈÚ· ¨Ì¯ËÒ¯Ò ∫‡¯ ÆÌÂÏ˘Â ÔÈ·¯Â˜ ȯ‰ ¨‰„‡Èχ ‰ßˆ¯ÈÓÏÚ Æµ±≠≥∑ ßÓÚ ¨Ì˘ ∫‡¯ Ìȯ˘Ú‰ ‰‡Ó‰ ˙È˘‡¯ Ï˘ ˙ÂȯËÂʇ‰ ˙ÂÚÂ˙Ï ˙ȯˆÂ‰ ‰Ï·˜Ï ȯ„ÂÓ‰ª≥≥∞≠≥≤∑ ßÓÚ ¨Û¯‚‰ ∫Ì‚ ‡¯Â ª±¥≥≠±¥≤ ßÓÚ ¨Ì˘ ∫‡¯ ˘„Á‰ Ô„ÈÚ‰ ˙ÂÚÂ˙Ï ˙Â˙„‰ ¯˜Á ÔÈ· ¯˘˜‰‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ È¯˜ÂÁ Ï˘ ̉ȯÙÒ· ÈÂËÈ· È„ÈÏ ‰‡·˘ ˘„Á‰ Ô„ÈÚ‰ Ï˘ ˙˜‰·ÂÓ ‰È‚Âχ„È‡Ï Æ≤≥ ßÓÚ ¨‚Ș¨Ò‰ ∫‡¯ ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ȯ˜ÂÁ ·¯˜· ˘„Á‰ Ô„ÈÚ‰ Ï˘ ˙ÂÓ‚Ó ÏÚ Æ˜·Ï‰ ª‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ¨ÔÓ¯ÂÙ ∫‡¯

Æ˘„Á Ô„ÈÚ¨ÒÓÈÈß‚ Ʊµ ßÓÚ ¨ÒÂß‚ ∫‡¯ ªÒÂß‚ Ï ̆‰ÚÙ˘‰‰ ˙·¯Â ˙ÓÒ¯ÂÙÓ‰ ‰¯„‚‰· ˙ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ‰ÈÂÂÁ‰ ‡˘ÂÓ ‡Â‰ χ‰ ±∂˙ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙„Á‡‰ ˙ÈÈÂÂÁ ‡˘ÂÓ ÈÎ ÔÚË ¨˙ÂÈÂÏÈÁ ˙ÂÈËÒȇ˙ÂÂÓ ‡Ï ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ Ì‚ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‰È¯Â‚˘· ÏÏÎ˘Ï˘ ÌÈÚÂ„È È˙Ï·Â ÌÈ¢ ÌÈÓÂÁ˙ Ï˘ ‰ÈÂÂÁ ÏÚ ¯·È„ Ï‡Ë˘ Æ≤∑µ≠≤∑¥ ßÓÚ ¨ÒÓÈÈß‚ ∫‡¯ ªËÏÁÂÓ‰ ‡Â‰¯Â˜Ó‰Â ˙ËÏÁÂÓ‰ ˙ÂÈÓˆÚ‰ ˙ÚÈ„ÈÏ ˙ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ‰ÈÂÂÁ‰ ˙‡ ¯˘˜ ‰¯Ù„ Ʊπµ ßÓÚ ¨Ï‡Ë˘ ∫‡¯ ª˙‡ȈӉ‰Ú„Â˙Î ˙ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ‰ÈÂÂÁ‰ ‡˘ÂÓ ˙‡ ¯‡È˙ ÔÓ¯Â٠Ʊ∞≤ ßÓÚ ¨‰¯Ù„ ∫‡¯ ªÈÓˆÚ‰ Ï˘ ÈË„ˆÒ¯Ë‰

Æ≤µ≠≤± ßÓÚ ¨‰¯Â‰Ë ‰Ú„Â˙ ¨ÔÓ¯ÂÙ ∫‡¯ ª‰¯Â‰Ë‰

3_Pe110_ Huss_2 10.06.2007, 07:3514

15 | ‰Ï·˜‰ Ï˘ ‰Èˆ˜ÈÙÈËÒÈÓ‰

ÌÈÚÈˆÓ ¨‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ÌÈÈÊÈÙËӉ ÌÈÈ‚Âχ˙‰ Ìȯ·Ò‰Ï ÌÈ„‚˙Ó‰ ¨ÌȯÁ‡ Ìȯ˜ÂÁ¨˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ ˙ÂÈÂÂÁÏ — ±∑ÌÈÈ‚ÂÏÂÎÈÒÙ–Â¯È Õ ÌÈÈ‚ÂÏÂÎÈÒÙ ¨ÌÈÈ‚ÂÏÂȈÂÒ — ÌÈÈËÒÈϯÂË Ìȯ·Ò‰˘È È˙Ú„Ï˘ Û‡ ±∏ÆÌÈÈËÒÈÂȈ˜Â„¯Î ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ȯ˜ÂÁ ˙È·¯Ó È„È ÏÚ ÌÈÁ„ ̉ȯ·Ò‰Â˙Â˘È‚ Ï·˜Ó Èȇ ¨‰¯·Á‰Â Á¯‰ ÈÚ„Ó· È‚Âχ˙ ‡Ï ¯˜ÁÓ· ÌÈÈËÒÈϯÂË Ìȯ·Ò‰· ˘Ó˙˘‰ÏȯˆÂ È‚Âχ˙ ‚˘ÂÓ — ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‚˘ÂÓ‰˘ ˙È˙ÈÈÚ·‰ ‰Á‰‰ ÏÚ ˙ÂÒÒÂ·Ó Ô‰ Û‡˘ ÌÂ˘Ó ¨Âχ˙˙Ï ˘È˘ ‰È‡ ‰Ê ¯Ó‡Ó· È˙Úˢ ¯È‰·‰Ï Ȉ¯· Æ˙ÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ ‰ÚÙÂ˙ ÔÈÈˆÓ — ˜‰·ÂӉȯ‚˘· ‰ÚËÓ‰ ˘ÂÓÈ˘‰ ÏÚ ¯˙ÂÂÏ ˘È˘ ‡Ï‡ ¨ÌÈÈËÒÈϯÂË Ìȯ·Ò‰ ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ÏÈËÒÈϯÂË — „Á‡ ¯·Ò‰ ÚȈ‰Ï ͯˆ‰ ÏÚ ¨Ô‡ÎÓ ¨˙ÂÈ˙·¯˙ ˙˜È˘¯Ù ÔÂÈÙ‡Ï ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ

ÆÈ˙Â‰Ó ¯˘˜ Ô‰ÈÈ· Ôȇ˘ ˙·¯˙ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ Ï˘ ·Á¯ Ô‚ÓÏ — È‚Âχ˙ ‡˙„ÓÂÚ ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙‰ ÏÎ „ÂÒÈ·˘ ‰ÒÈÙ˙‰ ÔÓ ÌÈ‚ÈÈ˙ÒÓ ÌȯÁ‡ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ È¯˜ÂÁÆ®perannial© ˙Èχȯى ‰„ÓÚ‰ ‰ÂÎÓ‰ ‰ÒÈÙ˙ — ‰¯Â‰Ë ˙ÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ ˙ÈËÒÈÓ ‰ÈÂÂÁ‰ÂÎÓ‰ ¨Ì˙˘È‚ Æ˙·¯˙ ˙ÂÈÂÏ˙ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ Ô‰ ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙‰ Ï΢ ÌÈÚÂË ‰Ï‡ Ìȯ˜ÂÁÔȇ˘ ¨ÌÂÏ˘ ‚Ȉ‰˘ ‰„ÓÚ‰ ÏÚ ‰·¯ ‰„ÈÓ· ˙ÒÒÂ·Ó ¨˙ÈÂÂÈ˘¯ËÒ˜ ‡ ˙ÈχÂËҘ˘‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ȯ˜ÂÁ ˙È·¯Ó ±πÆ˙ÓÈÂÒÓ ˙È˙„ ˙¯ÂÒÓ Ï ̆‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ˜¯ ‡Ï‡ ¨‰ÓˆÚÏ˘Î ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓÛÂÒ· ÌÈ¢ Ìȯ˜ÂÁ È„È ÏÚ ‰ÁÒ ‡È‰Â ≤∞¨ÂÊ ‰˘È‚ ÂϷȘ ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ȯ˜ÂÁ ÌÏÏηÂ

∫ÔÚˢ ¨ı¢Î Ô·ÈËÒ Ì˘‡¯·Â ¨Ìȯ˘Ú‰ ‰‡Ó‰ Ï˘ ÌÈÚ·˘‰ ˙¢

˙¯ˆ ÔΠ¨˙ÈËÒÈÓ ‰ÈÂÂÁ Æ®˙λ˙Ó ‰È‡˘ ‰ÈÂÂÁ ¯ÓÂÏΩ ‰¯Â‰Ë ‰ÈÂÂÁ ˙ÓÈȘ ‡ÏÔ‰˘ ¨Íη ÔÈÓ‡‰Ï „ÂÒÈ ÏÎ Ôȇ ¨ÔÓÈÒ Ì¢ ˙Â˙ Ôȇ ¨‰ÈÂÂÁ Ï˘ ¯˙ÂÈ ˙ÂÏÈ‚¯

˙ÂÈÂÂÁ˘ ÌÈÓÈÎÒÓ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ˙ÈÊÈÙËÓ Â‡ ˙È‚Âχ˙ ‰ÒÈÙ˙· ÌȘÈÊÁÓ‰ Ìȯ˜ÂÁ‰ ˙È·¯Ó Ì‚˘ ÔÈÈˆÏ ˘È ±∑ÌÈÚˆÓ‡· ˘ÂÓÈ˘ ÂÓΩ ÌÈÈÓÈΠۇ ÌÈÈ‚ÂÏÂÎÈÒÙ–Â¯È Õ ¨ÌÈÈ‚ÂÏÂÎÈÒÙ ÌÈӯ‚ ˙·˜Ú· ˙¯¯ÂÚ˙Ó ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ˙‡ȈӉ Ï˘ ÌÈ˷ȉ ˙ÂÂÁÏ È‡˜ÈËÒÈÓÏ Ìȯ˘Ù‡Ó Âχ ÌÈӯ‚ Ìȯ˜ÂÁ‰ Ì˙‡ ˙Ú„Ï Ìχ Æ®ÌÈÈ˘¯

ƉÏÈ‚¯‰ ˙È˘Â‡‰ ‰Ú„Â˙‰ ˜ÙÂ‡Ï ¯·ÚÓ ÌÈȈӉ¨ÔÓÏ‚ ª≥¥≥ ¨≥≥≤≠≥≥± ßÓÚ ÔÈ‚˜Ó ∫‡¯ Ô˙ÈÈÁ„ ÂÏω ˙ÂÈËÒÈϯÂˉ ˙„ÓÚ‰ ÔÓ ‰ÓÎ Ï˘ ‰¯È˜ÒÏ ±∏ªµ≥ ßÓÚ ¨‰Ï·˜ ¨Ï„ȇ ª≤≥ ßÓÚ ¨‰Ù˘ ¨ı¢Î ∫‡¯ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ˙È‚ÂÏÂÎÈÒÙ ‰ÈȈ˜Â„¯ „‚Πª±∞≤≠∑µ ßÓÚ‰‡¯‰ ÏÎÎ ÂÁȉ ÌÈÈËÒÈÂȈ˜Â„¯Î ÌÈÈËÒÈϯÂË Ìȯ·Ò‰ ÂÏÒÙ˘ Ìȯ˜ÂÁ‰ Æ≤π≥ ¨≤≤π≠≤≤∑ ßÓÚ ¨˜·Ï‰Â˙Á·‰ ˙‡ ÍÎ ÏÚ Â‡¯© ‰ÈȈ˜Â„¯ ‰ÂÂ‰Ó ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ Ï˘ ¯·Ò‰ ÏÎ Ìχ ƉχΠÌȇ Ì‰Ï˘ Ìȯ·Ò‰‰˘ÔÈ· ‡Ï‡ ¨‰ÊÎ Âȇ˘ ¯·Ò‰Ï ÈËÒÈÂȈȘ„¯ ¯·Ò‰ ÔÈ· Âȇ Ï„·‰‰Â ®±∑ ßÓÚ ¨˙„‰ ˙˘Â¯Á ¨ÔÂßˆË˜Ó Ï˘

ÆÌÈÈÊÈÙËÓ ÌÈÓ¯Â‚Ï ‰ÈȈ˜Â„¯ ÔÈ·Ï ÌÈÈËÒÈϯÂË ÌÈÓ¯Â‚Ï ‰ÈȈ˜Â„¯‘There is no mysticism as such, there is only the mysticism of a particular religious system, ±π

Æ®∂ ßÓÚ ¨ÌÈÓ¯Ê ¨ÌÂÏ˘© Christian, Islamic, Jewish Mysticsim, and so on’ÏÚ ¨Ô„ ªµµ≠µ¥ ¨µ≤ ¨∑ ßÓÚ ¨ÔÂÒÙÏ ∫‡¯ ÂÊ ‰„ÓÚ ÂˆÓȇ˘ ˙È„Â‰È ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ È¯˜ÂÁÏ Æ±∂π ßÓÚ ¨‚Ș ≤∞ÌÂÁ˙· ÏÈ·ÂÓ‰ ¯˜ÂÁ‰ ¨Ï„ȇ ˙‡Ê ˙ÓÂÚÏ Æ≥∞≠≤π ßÓÚ ¨„˘‡–¯Ï‰ ª±∏ ßÓÚ ¨¯Â‡Èχ ª∑π ßÓÚ ¨‰˘Â„˜‰È„È ÏÚ ÌÈ˙ÈÚÏ ‰ÁÂÓ È‡˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰˘ ˙¯˘Ù‡‰ ˙‡ ˙ÂÁ„Ï ‡Ï·ß ∫ÂÊ ‰„ÓÚ ‰Á„ ¨˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰˙¯ÒÁ ‡È‰ ÌȯÁ‡ Ìȯ˜Ó·˘© Â˙ÈÈÂÂÁ ˙‡ ·ˆÚÏ ËÏÁ‰· ÌÈÈ¢ډ ¨‰Èχȯ‰ Ï˘ ÌÈ˯Ù ÌÈ‚˘ÂÓ ¨ÌÈÈÂÓÈ„ÌÈËÓχ‰ ˙˘‚„‰ Æ‰ÓˆÚ ‰ÈÂÂÁ‰ ÏÚ ¯˘‡Ó ¯˙ÂÈ ‰ÈÂÂÁ‰ ÈÂËÈ· ÔÙ‡ ÏÚ ÌÈÚÈÙ˘Ó ‰Ï‡˘ È¯Â·Ò ¨®‰¯ÂˆßÆÆÆ‰Ï˘ ‰Èˆ˜ÙÈËÒÈÓ–‰„Ï ˘¯ÂÙÓ ‡Ï ÔÓÈÒ ‰¯˜ÈÚ· ‡È‰ ‰ÈÂÂÁ‰ ˙‡ ¯˜ÈÚ· ÌÈ·ˆÚÓÎ ÌÈÈ˙ÈÈÂÂÁ–̯ˉ‰Ê ¯Ó‡Ó· ȯ‰ ¨Ï„ȇ ¯˜È·˘ ˙ÈÂÂÈ˘¯ËÒ˜‰ ‰„ÓÚ‰ ˙‡ ıÓ‡Ó Èȇ˘ Û‡ ¨®µµ ßÓÚ ¨‰Ï·˜ ¨Ï„ȇ©‰„ÓÚ‰ ÏÚ ˙ÂÙÒ ˙Â¯Â˜È·Ï Æ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ ˙ÂÂÎÓ‰ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙‰ Ï˘ ‰Èˆ˜ÙÈËÒÈÓ–‰„ ˙¢ÚÏ ÚÈˆÓ Ô· È‡Ï˘ Â˙Ó„˜‰· ¯˜ÈÚ·Â ¨‰¯Â‰Ë ‰Ú„Â˙ ¨ÔÓ¯ÂÙ ∫ı·Â˜· ÌÈÏÂÏΉ ÌȯӇӉ ˙‡ ‡¯ ˙ÈÂÂÈ˘¯ËÒ˜‰Æ±∑≠±≤ ßÓÚ ¨˜·Ï‰ ª≥≤¥≠≥≤≥ ßÓÚ ¨ÔÈ‚˜Ó ª±∏ ‰¯Ú‰ ¨±∂π ßÓÚ ¨‚Ș ∫„ÂÚ Â‡¯Â ª¥π≠≥ ßÓÚ ¨Ì˘ ¨ÔÓ¯ÂÙ

3_Pe110_ Huss_2 10.06.2007, 07:3515

Ò‰ ÊÚ· | 16

¨¯˙ÂÈ· ˙·ίÂÓ ˙ÂÈ˙¯Î‰ ÌÈί„· ˙„·ÂÚÓ ‰ÈÂÂÁ Ï΢ ˙¯Ó‡ ˙‡Ê Æ˙Âλ˙Ó ÔȇÂÊ ‰„·ÂÚ Ï˘ ‰ÁÂÎ ‰Î¯Ú‰ ÆÆÆÂ¯Â·Ú ‰˘È‚ ˙ÎÙ‰ ˙‚¯Â‡Ó ‡È‰ Ô˙ÂÚˆÓ‡·˘Ï˘ ÌÈÁÂÂÈ„‰ „ÂÓÈÏ· È„ Ôȇ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙‡ ÔÈ·‰Ï È„Î˘ Íη ¯ÈÎ‰Ï Â˙‡ ‰ÏÈ·ÂÓ‰·˘ ‰¯Âˆ‰ ÔΠ¨‰ÓˆÚ ‰ÈÂÂÁ‰˘ Íη ˙Â„Â‰Ï ˘È ÆÈ˙ÈÈÂÂÁ‰ Ú¯ȇ‰ ¯Á‡Ï ȇ˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ÌÈ·ˆÚÓ‰ ÌÈ‚˘ÂÓ ¨ÂÓÚ ‡È·Ó ȇ˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰˘ ÌÈ‚˘ÂÓ‰ È„È ÏÚ ˙·ˆÂÚÓ ¨˙¯‡Â˙Ó ‡È‰

≤±ÆÂ˙ÈÈÂÂÁ ˙‡

˙ÈÙÂÏÁ ‰¯„‚‰ ÂÚȈ‰ ‡Ï ˙ÈχÂËҘ˘‰ ‰„ÓÚ· ÌȘÈÊÁÓ‰ ÌȯÁ‡ Ìȯ˜ÂÁ ı¢Î Ìχ˙¢‰ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙Ï ÌÈÙ˙¢Ӊ ÌÈӯ‚‰ ‡ ̯‚‰ Ì‰Ó Â¯È·Ò‰ ‡Ï ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‚˘ÂÓÏ ˙˜ÙÒÓÏ˘ ÔÂÈÚ¯‰ ˙‡ ‰Á„˘ ¨ı¢Î ÆÔ‰Ï˘ È˙‡Â¢‰‰ ¯˜ÁÓ‰ ˙‡Â ‰Ê ‚˘ÂÓ· ÔÈÂÈÎ ˙‡ ÌȘȄˆÓ‰˙‡ ÔΠ¨˙¢ ˙ÂÈ·¯˙· ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ „ÂÒÈ· ˙„ÓÂÚ‰ ˙ÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ ˙ÈËÒÈÓ ‰ÈÂÂÁÛ˙¢Ӊ ̯‚‰ Â‰Ó ¯È‰·‰ ‡Ï ≤≤¨ÌÈÈ‚ÂÏÂÎÈÒÙ ÌÈ·ˆÓÏ ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙ÂÈÂÂÁ‰ Ï˘ ‰ÈȈ˜Â„¯‰¯˜ÁÓß „ÈÓÚ‰Ï Ô˙È ‰Ó ÍÓÒ ÏÚ ¨Âχ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ ¯Â‡È˙Ï ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‚˘ÂÓ· ˘ÂÓÈ˘‰ ˙‡ ˜È„ˆÓ‰ı¢Î ˙·˜Ú· ‰Á„˘ ¨®Wolfson© ÔÂÒÙÏ ËÂÈχ ≤≥Æ߉˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ Ìω ÈÙÂÒÂÏÈÙ ȂÂÏÂÓÂÙÁȉ ¨¯˘˜‰ ˙ÈÂÏ˙ ‡È‰ ¨‰ÈÂÂÁ ÏÎ ÂÓÎ ¨˙ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ‰ÈÂÂÁ‰˘ ÔÚË ¨˙Èχȯى ‰„ÓÚ‰ ˙‡ÌÈ„ÓÂÚ‰ ‰ÈÂÂÁ‰ ÈÓ‚„ ˙‡Â ˜ÓÂÚ‰ È·Ó ˙‡ Û¢ÁÏ Ô˙È ‰ÂÂ˘Ó ¯˜ÁÓ ˙ÂÚˆÓ‡·˘ ˙‡Ê Ïη‰ÏÏÎ‰Ï ÌÈÂȯËȯ˜‰ Ì‰Ó ¯È‰·‰ ‡Ï ÔÂÒÙÏ Ìχ ≤¥Æ˙¢‰ ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙¯ÂÒÓ‰ „ÂÒÈ·ÛÒÂÈ Æ˙ÈËÒÈÓ ˙¯ÂÒÓ ‰È¯Â‚˘· ¨Û¢ÁÏ ˘˜È· Ô‰Ï˘ ˜ÓÂÚ‰ È·Ó ˙‡˘ ¨˙¯ÂÒÓ Ô˙‡ Ï˘ÏÏÎÏ ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙ÂÈÂÂÁ‰ ˙‡ „Á‡Ï ˙˘˜·Ó‰ ‰ÒÈÙ˙ ÏÎß Ï˘ ȯ˜ÁÓ‰ ͯډ ˙‡ ‰Á„˘ ¨Ô„

‘There is NO pure (i.e. unmediated) experience. Neither mystical experience nor more ordinary ≤±forms of experience give any indication, or any grounds for believing, that they are unmediated.That is to say, all experience is processed through, organized by and makes itself available tous in extremely complex epistemological ways… A proper evaluation of this fact leads to therecognition that in order to understand mysticism it is not just a question of studying the reportsof the mystic after the experiential event but of acknowledging that the experience itself as wellas the form in which it is reported is shaped by concepts which the mystic brings to, and whichÌÈ·¯· ˙¯ÊÂÁ ÂÊ ‰„ÓÚ ÆÈ¯Ó˘‰ ÈÙ‡‰ ¨Ï¢‰ ∫Ì‚ ‡¯Â Æ®≤∂ ßÓÚ ¨‰Ù˘ ¨ı¢Î© shape, his experience’‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ¨Ï¢‰ ª˙ÂÈ˙„ ˙¯ÂÒÓ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ¨ı¢Î ∫‡¯ ¨ı¢Î Í¯Ú˘ ÌȈ·˜‰ È˘· ÌÈÏÂÏΉ ÌȯӇӉ ÔÓ∫‡¯ Ô‰· ÌȘÈÊÁÓ‰ ÔÈ· ÁÂÎȉ ˙„ÏÂ˙ ˙„ÓÚ‰ È˙˘ ¯Â‡È˙Ï Æ¯ÂÓ ∫¯˜ÈÚ· Ì˘ ‡¯Â ªÈÙÂÒÂÏÈÙ ÁÂ˙ÈÂßÓÚ ¨ÁÂΉ ¨·¯‡‚ ª±∑≠µ ßÓÚ ¨˜·Ï‰ ª≥≤∂≠≥±∑ ßÓÚ ¨ÔÈ‚˜Ó ª≥≥π≠≥≥µ ßÓÚ ¨ÔˆÈ ª±∏∂≠±∂≤ ßÓÚ ¨‚Ș

Æ≤≤≠≤± ßÓÚ ¨‰ÓÙ‰ ¨ÔÈÏ‚¯Ó ª≤π∞≠≤∏πƱ∏µ ßÓÚ ¨ÂÏÓÈ‚ ÚȈ‰ ÂÊÎ ‰ÈȈ˜Â„¯ Æ≤≥ ßÓÚ ¨‰Ù˘ ¨ı¢Î ≤≤

Â˙„ÓÚ ÌÚ ‰˜ÈËÈÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ È‚ÂÏÂÓÂÙ ¯˜ÁÓÏ ı¢Î Ï˘ Â˙Ùȇ˘ ˙‡ ·˘ÈÈÏ È˘Â˜‰ ÏÚ Æ∂µ ßÓÚ ¨‰Ù˘ ¨ı¢Î ≤≥Æ®≤π ‰¯Ú‰ ¨ÔÏ‰Ï Â‡¯Â© ≥≤¥ ßÓÚ ¨ÔÈ‚˜Ó „ÓÚ ¨˙ÈχÂËҘ˘‰

‘the interpretative framework of a mystic’s particular religion shapes his or her experience at the ≤¥phenomenal level and not merely in the description or narrative of the experience. This does not,however, logically preclude the possibility of underlying patterns of experience or deep structures¨ÔÂÒÙÏ© that may be illuminated through a comparative study of various mystical traditions’‰ÈÎ ‡Â‰˘ ¨˙Â˙„‰ ¯˜ÁÏ ‰„‡Èχ Ï˘ ‰˘È‚‰ ÏÚ Â˙„ÓÚ ˙‡ ÒÒÈ· ÔÂÒÙÏ Ʈµµ≠µ¥ ßÓÚ

Æ˙Èϯ¢¯ËÒ

3_Pe110_ Huss_2 10.06.2007, 07:3516

17 | ‰Ï·˜‰ Ï˘ ‰Èˆ˜ÈÙÈËÒÈÓ‰

¨¯˘˜‰ ˙ÈÂÏ˙ ¨˙ÈË‚È˘ ‰˘È‚ ‰ÙÂÏÁÎ ÚȈ‰ ≤µ¨ßÌÈÈ·ÂÈÁ‰ ÌÈÎ˙‰ ˙ÈÁ·Ó Û˙Â˘Ó ‰ÎÓ‰ÚÙÂ˙ Ïη ÂÓÎ ¨„ÈÓ˙ ˙‡˘Â‰ ¨˙ȯÂËÒȉ ‰ÚÙÂ˙ ‰È˯ÙÏ ˙ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ‰ÚÙÂ˙· ‰‡Â¯‰ßÏ˘ ‰ÏÏÎ‰Ï ÌÈÂȯËȯ˜‰ Ì‰Ó ÔÈȈ ‡Ï Ô„ Ì‚ Ìχ ≤∂ÆßÌÈÈÓÚÙ–„Á „ÂÁÈ È˜ ˙ȯÂËÒȉÈÏÚ· ¯Â‡È˙Ï ‰¯„‚‰Ï ˙˙È ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ß ÈÎ Â˙ÚË Æ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‰È¯Â‚˘· ËÒ˜Ë Â‡ ‰ÚÙÂ˙via negative ÔÈÚÓ ¨‰¯‡˙Ï È„Î ÌÈÈÏÈÏ˘ ÌÈÈÂËÈ·· ˜¯ ‡ ÌÈ˘Ó˙˘Ó „ÂÚ ÏÎ ˙ÏÏÂÎ ‰ÏÂÁ˙‰È¯Â‚˘Π‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‰È¯Â‚˘· ˘ÂÓÈ˘‰ ͢Ӊ ˙‡ ‰˜È„ˆÓ ‡ ‰¯È‰·Ó ‰È‡ ≤∑¨ß˙ȯ˜ÁÓ˙ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ‰ÚÙÂ˙‰˘ ‰˘È‚„‰ ‡È‰Â ¨¯Â‡Èχ ÏÁ ̄Ì‚ ‰˜ÈÊÁÓ ˙ÈχÂËҘ˘ ‰„ÓÚ· Æ˙ȯ˜ÁÓ˙È‚˘ÂÓ ‰·¯˜ Ï ̆‰„ÈÓ ÏÚ ÚÈ·ˆ‰Ï ¯˘Ù‡ ÌÈ˙ÚÏ˘ ˙¯ÓÏß ∫ȯÂËÒȉ ¯˘˜‰Â ˙·¯˙ ˙ÈÂÏ˙ ‡È‰˙ÂÈ·¯˙·Â ˙Â˙„· ˙ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ‰ÚÙÂ˙‰ Ï˘ ÌÈÈ˙‰Ӊ ‰ÈÂÂ˜Ó ‰Óη È‚ÏÂÓÂÙ ÔÂÈÓ„ Ï˘ ‡¯˘˜‰· ‰ÁÂÚÙ ˙‡ ÌÈ·ÈÈÁÓ ‰ÚÙÂ˙‰ Ï˘ ‰˙ÂÚÓ˘Ó· ‰˜ÓÚ‰‰Â ÔÂÈÚ‰˘ ȯ‰ ÆÆÆ˙¢‰¯È·Ò‰ ‡Ï ¯Â‡Èχ Ì‚ Ìχ ≤∏Æß˙ÂÚÓ˘Ó ‰Ï ˘È · ˜¯Â · ¨‰¯ˆÂ ÂÓÂÁ˙·˘ ÌÈÂÒÓ È˙·¯˙˙ÂÚÙÂ˙‰ Ï˘ Ô˙¯„‚‰ ˙‡ ÌȘȄˆÓ‰ ˙ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ‰ÚÙÂ˙‰ Ï˘ ÌÈÈ˙Â‰Ó ÌȘ Ì˙‡ ̉ÓÏ˘ Ú„ȉ ¯˜ÂÁ‰ ¨®McGinn© ÔÈ‚˜Ó „¯¯· Æ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙Î ˙·¯˙‰ ˙ÂÈÂÏ˙ ˙¢‰ÏÎÏ Û˙Â˘Ó Ì¯Â‚ Ôȇ˘ ‰˜ÒÓ‰ ˙Ú·Â ı¢Î Ï ̆‰„ÓÚ‰ ÔÓ ̆ÍÎ ÏÚ „ÓÚ ¨˙ȯˆÂ‰ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰‡¯˜ ˙‡Ê ˙·˜Ú· ÆÔ‰Ï˘ È˙‡Â¢‰ ¯˜ÁÓÏ ˙¯˘Ù‡ Ôȇ˘ Ô‡ÎÓ ¨˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ ˙ÂÂÎÓ‰ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙‰≤πÆ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙ÂÈÂÂÁ‰ Ï˘ ‰ÂÂ˘Ó ¯˜ÁÓ ¯˘Ù‡˙ ̆˙ÈχÂËҘ˘‰ ‰„ÓÚ‰ Ï˘ ‰Èˆ˜ÈÙÈ„ÂÓÏÒÈÒ·‰ ÏÚ ‰ÓÎÒ‰ ¯„Úȉ ÏÚ ÚÈ·ˆ‰˘ Íη ˜Ù˙҉ ¨‰ÊÎ ÈÂÈ˘ ÚȈ‰ ‡Ï ‡Â‰ Ìχ

≥∞Ɖ˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ¯˜ÁÏ ˙Óω ‰ÂÂ˘Ó ‰˘È‚ ˙Â·Ï Ô˙È ÂÈÏÚ˘ È‚ÂÏÂÓËÒÈÙ‡‰˘È˘ Ì‚ ÔÚË Í‡© ˙ÈχÂËҘ˘ ‰„ÓÚ· Âȯ·„Ï ˜ÈÊÁÓ‰ ¨®Hollenback© ˜·Ï‰ Ô¯ÈÈ· Òß‚‰ÈÂÂÁ‰ Ï˘ ÌÈÈÈÙ‡Ó ‰Ú·˘ ‰Ó ≥±¨®ÂÊ ‰Ó‚È„¯Ù ÈÙ ÏÚ ¯·Ò‰Ï ˙Â˙È Ôȇ˘ ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ ˙ÂÈÂÂÁ‰Ï‡ ÌÈÈÈÙ‡Ó Ìχ Æ˙È˘Â‡ ‰ÈÂÂÁ Ï˘ ˙¯Á‡ ˙Â¯ÂˆÓ ‰˙‡ ÌÈÈÁ·Ó Âȯ·„Ï˘ ¨˙ÈËÒÈÓ‰

Æ∂∑≠∂∂ ¨∂≥ ßÓÚ ¨Ì˘ ∫‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ˙¢ ˙¯„‚‰‰Ó Â˙‚ÈÈ˙Ò‰ ˙‡ ‡¯Â Æ∑π ßÓÚ ¨‰˘Â„˜‰ ÏÚ ¨Ô„ ≤µÏ˘ ¢¯„Ó ˙È·Ó ˙ÈχÂËҘ˘‰ ‰„ÓÚ‰ ÔÈ·Ï ˙ÈË‚È˘‰ Â˙ËÈ˘ ÔÈ· ÔÂÈÓ„‰ ˙‡ ÔÈȈ ‡Ï Ô„ ÆÌ˘ ≤∂

Æı¢Î¯˘‡· ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓÏ ÌÈÙ˙¢Ӊ ˙„ÂÒȉ ˙‡ ‚Ȉ‰Ï ÌÈ˘˜·Ó ‡ ÂÊ ˙ÂÏÏΉ ˙ίÚÓ·ß ∫Ì‚ ‡¯Â Æ∑∑ ßÓÚ ¨Ì˘ ≤∑Âȇ Ô˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ‰Ó Ô˙ÂÚˆÓ‡· Ú·˜Ï Ô˙È ÆÔ‰ ˙ÂÈÏÈÏ˘ ¨ÏÈÚÏ ¯Ó‡˘ ÈÙÎ ¨‰Ï‡ ˙ÂÏÏΉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‡È‰ÌÈÂÈÙ‡‰ ÌÂÁ˙Ï ÌÈÎÈÈ˘‰ ¨ÂÈ˙ÂÒÈÙ˙ Ï˘ ÌÈÈ˙‰Ӊ ÌÈÎ˙‰ ˙‡ ˙È·ÂÈÁ ‰¯Âˆ· ¯‡˙Ï ÔÁÂη Ôȇ ͇

Ʊ≥ ßÓÚ ¨ÔÈÈÚӉ ·Ï‰ ¨Ï¢‰ ∫Ì‚ ‡¯Â Æ®∂π ßÓÚ ¨Ì˘© ßÌÈÈË‚È˘‰Æ±∏ ßÓÚ ¨¯Â‡Èχ ≤∏

‘These and other reactions to Katz’s position show that there are serious reasons for holding that ≤πthis form of what might be called “mystical nominalism” based on an unqualified contextualism,needs to be modified in the direction of a position that will both recognize the mediated aspectsÆ®≥≤¥ ßÓÚ ¨ÔÈ‚˜Ó© of all mystical experience and still not preclude the possibility of comparison’

Æ≤≥ ‰¯Ú‰ ¨ÏÈÚÏ Â‡¯Â ƉÊ΢ ¯˜ÁÓ ÏÚ ¯˙È ‡Ï ÂÓˆÚ ı¢Î˘ ÍÎ ÏÚ „ÓÚ ÔÈ‚˜Ó‘There is obviously no agreement on the epistemological basis upon which a more cautious ≥∞and more adequate comparitivism based on a qualified contextualism should be reconstructed’

Æ®Ì˘©‘Although I confirm the contextualist thesis... I suggest that various sorts of supernormal ≥±¨˜·Ï‰© experiencesÆ.. do not appear to be explicable in terms of the contextualist paradigm’

Ʊµ≠±≥ ßÓÚ ¨Ì˘ ∫Ì‚ ‡¯Â Æ®∑ ßÓÚ

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Ò‰ ÊÚ· | 18

¯È‰·‰Ï È„ÎÓ ˙ÂÚÓ˘Ó È¯ÒÁ ÌÈÏÙ¯ÂÚÓ Ì˜ÏÁ·Â ¨È„Ó Ìȯˆ ̘ÏÁ· ¨È„Ó ÌÈÈÏÏΠ̘ÏÁ· ̉¨˙ÈÂÂÈ˘¯ËÒ˜ ‰„ÓÚ· ˜ÈÊÁ‰Ï ÔˆÈ Ï˘ ‰ÂÈÒÈ Û‡ ≥≤Ɖ˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‰È¯Â‚˘‰ Ï˘ ˙ÂÚÓ˘Ó‰ ˙‡˙ÂÏ„·‰ ˙ÂÈÂÂÁÏ ÂÏÈÙ‡˘ ‰ÚȈ‰ ÔˆÈ ÆÚÎ˘Ó Âȇ ¨‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‰È¯Â‚˘‰ ˙‡ ÏȈ‰Ï ˙‡Ê Ïη¯·ÚÓ ̆‰˘Ó ÌÈÈÁ· ˘È˘ Íη ‰¯Î‰‰ Ï˘ÓÏ ÂÓÎ ¨Û˙Â˘Ó Ì¯Â‚ ˙ÂÈ‰Ï ÈÂ˘Ú ¨‰·¯ ‰„ÈÓ· ÂÊÓ ÂÊ˙Ù˙Â˘Ó ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ Ì˘· ˙ÂÂÎÓ‰ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙‰ ÏÎÏ˘ ÚÎÂ˘Ó Èȇ ̆˜¯ ‡Ï Ìχ ≥≥ÆÈÊÈÙÏ ȯÓÂÁÏ˙È˙·¯˙ ˙¯‚ÒÓ· ÂÏÚÙ Ìȇ˜ÈËÒÈÓ ÌÈÂÎÓ‰ Âχ ÔÈ·Ó ÌÈ·¯ ȯ‰˘© ˙ÈÊÈÙËÓ ˙‡Ȉӷ ‰¯Î‰È¯‰ ¨ÔÂÎ ¯·„‰ ̇ Ì‚˘ ‡Ï‡ ¨®˙ÈÊÈÙËÓÏ ˙ȯÓÂÁ ˙Â‡ÈˆÓ ÔÈ· ‰Á·‰ ‰· ˙ÓÈȘ ‰˙Èȉ ‡Ï˘

Ɖ˜ÈËÒÈÓ· ÏÂÏÎÏ ‰ˆÂ¯ ‰˙Èȉ ‡Ï ȇ„· ÔˆÈ˘ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ ¯ÂÙÒ–ÔÈ‡Ï ˙Ù˙Â˘Ó ÂÊÎ ‰¯Î‰‰ÚÙÂ˙ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ· ˙‡¯Ï ÌÈÎÈ˘ÓÓ‰ ͇ ¨˙ÈχÂËҘ˘ ‰„ÓÚ· ÌȘÈÊÁÓ‰ Ìȯ˜ÂÁÌÈÁȈÓ ÌÈÏÙÎ˘Ó ¨˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙‰ Ï˘ ‰ÂÂ˘Ó ¯˜ÁÓ ‰˜È„ˆÓ‰ ‰È¯Â‚˘ ˙ÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ‚˘ÂÓ· ˘ÂÓÈ˘‰ „ÂÒÈ· ˙„ÓÂÚ‰ ˙È‚Âχ˙‰ ‰„ÓÚ‰ ˙‡Â ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ˙È˙‰Ӊ ‰ÒÈÙ˙‰ ˙‡ÔÓ ÌÈ·¯ ψ‡ ˙ˆ·ˆ·Ó ˙¯ÊÂÁ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ˙ÈÊÈÙËÓ‰ ‡ ˙È‚Âχ˙‰ ‰ÒÈÙ˙‰ Ô· ƉʨÂ˙ÒÈÙ˙ ÏÚ ‰·¯ ‰„ÈÓ· ˙ÒÒÂ·Ó ˙ÈχÂËҘ˘‰ ‰„ÓÚ‰˘ ¨ÂÓˆÚ ÌÂÏ˘ ÆÂÏω Ìȯ˜ÂÁ‰Û˘ÂÁ Â˙‡˘ ¨˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙ÂÈÂÂÁÏ Û˙Â˘Ó ÔÈÈÙ‡Ó ˘È˘ ˘ÈÁÎ‰Ï „¯ÂÒ·‡ ‰Ê ‰È‰È˘ ÊȯΉÌÚ ¨È‰Âχ‰ ÌÚ ˘‚ÙÓ‰ ‡Â‰ ¨ÌÂÏ˘ ȯ·„Ï ¨‰Ê‰ Û˙¢Ӊ ÔÈÈÙ‡Ó‰ ≥¥ÆÔ‰Ï˘ ‰Â¢Ӊ ¯˜ÁÓ‰Û˙¢Ӊ˘ ÔÚË ı¢Î ≥µÆ˙È˘Â‡‰ ˘Ù‰ ȘÓÚ·˘ ËÏÁÂÓ‰ ˘È‰ ÌÚ Â‡ ˙ÈÊÈÙÈËÓ‰ ˙‡ȈӉ˙‡ȈÓ߉ Ì˘· ‰È΢ ‰Ó ÌÚ ˘‚ÙÓ Ï˘ ‰ÈÂÂÁ ‡Â‰ ˙¢‰ ˙ÂÈ·¯˙· ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙Ï

·ˆÓ· ˘Á¯˙Ó‰ ‰Ú„Â˙‰ Ï˘ ÈϘȄ¯ ÈÂÈ˘ ‡È‰ ˙ÈËÒÈÓ ‰ÈÂÂÁ — Ô¢‡¯‰ ÔÈÈÙ‡Ó‰ Æ¥±≠¥∞ ßÓÚ ¨Ì˘ ≥≤‰˘È‚ ȇ˜ÈËÒÈÓÏ ˜ÈÚÓ‰ ‰Ú„Â˙ ·ˆÓ ‡È‰ ˙ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ‰ÈÂÂÁ‰ — È˘‰ ÔÈÈÙ‡Ó‰ ªÈ„Ó ÈÏÏÎ ‡Â‰ — ˙¯Ú˙ÈχÂËҘ˘‰ ‰„ÓÚ‰ Ï˘ Ï·¯ÂÒÓ ÁÂÒÈ ‡Â‰ — È˙ӇΠ‰‡Â ̄ÂÏ˘ ˙ÈÙȈÙÒ‰ ˙È˙„‰ ˙¯ÂÒÓ‰˘ ‰ÓÏ˙ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ‰ÈÂÂÁ‰ — È˘ÈÏ˘‰ ÔÈÈÙ‡Ó‰ ª®Â¯ÙÒ· ÌȯÁ‡ ˙ÂÓ˜ӷ ˜·Ï‰ Ï˘ ÂÈ˙ÂÚ„ ÌÚ ·˘ÈÈ˙Ó ÂÈ‡Â©È„Ó ®Ï·¯ÂÒÓ© ¯ˆ ¨ÈÏ‚ÚÓ ‡Â‰ — ‰Ïȉ˜· ‰Ú¢ÈÏ ÌÈڂ‰ ÌÈÈÈÚ ˙„‡ ÏÚ ®°© ÈËÒÈÓ Ú„È ‰˜ÈÚÓÈÚÈ·˘‰Â È˘È˘‰ È˘ÈÓÁ‰ ¨ÈÚÈ·¯‰ ÌÈÈÈÙ‡Ó‰ ª˙ÂÈËÒÈÓÎ ‰‡Â¯ ÂÓˆÚ ˜·Ï‰˘ ˙·¯ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ ÏÏÂÎ Âȇ‰¯Âˆ ˙¯ÒÁ ‡È‰ ª˙Á‡ ‰ÂÚ·Â ˙Ú· ˙ȯÂÙËÓ ˙È˘ÓÓ ‰¯‡‰ ‡È‰ ª˙ÂÏÚÙȉ ‰ÂÚË ˙ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ‰ÈÂÂÁ‰©Â‡ ¨·Âˉ ‰¯˜Ó· ¨Ìȯȉ· Ìȇ ®˙ÂÊί˙‰· ·Â¯Ï ‰¯Â˜Ó ª‰È¯ÂËÒȉ ÈÂÏ˙ ‡Â‰ ‰ÎÂ˙ ÈÒÈÒ· ÔÙ‡·

ÆÈ¯Ó‚Ï ˙ÂÚÓ˘Ó È¯ÒÁ‘Constructivist analyses of mystical experience have the advantage of making obvious sense of ≥≥the wide diversity of experiences to be found more even in the literature of Christian mysticism,let alone that of other religious traditions… Nor does it make nonsense of the idea that evenexperiences that differ sharply may still have some things in common, such as, for instance, a

Æ®≥≥∏ ßÓÚ ¨ÔˆÈ© recognition that there is more to life than the physical or material’‘That there remains a common characteristic it would be absurd to deny, and it is this element ≥¥¨ÌÂÏ˘© which is brought out in the comparative analysis of particular mystical experiences’

Æ®∂ ßÓÚ ¨ÌÈÓ¯ÊÔÈχ Ï˘ ‰¯ÙÒ ÏÚ ÌÂÁ· ıÈÏӉ ¨ÒÓÈÈß‚ Ï˘ ÂÈ˙ÂÒÈÙ˙Ó ÚÙ˘Â‰ ¨ÒÂß‚ Ï˘ Â˙¯„‚‰ ÏÚ ÍÓ˙Ò‰˘ ¨ÌÂÏ˘ ≥µ‘The fundamental© ˙ÈÊÈÙËÓ‰ ˙‡ȈӉ ‡ χ‰ ÌÚ Ú‚ÓÎ ˙ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ‰ÈÂÂÁ‰ ˙‡ ¯‡È˙ ¨®Underhill© Ïȉ¯„‡experience of the inner self which enters into immediate contact with God or the metaphysical‘the encounter with the© ˘Ù‰ ȘÓÚ· ˙ËÏÁÂÓ‰ ˙Â˘È‰ ÌÚ ˘‚ÙÓΠ‡ ®˛¥ ßÓÚ ¨ÌÈÓ¯Ê ¨ÌÂÏ˘¸ reality’‰˜ÈËÒÈÓÏ ÌÂÏ ̆Ï ̆˙¯„‚‰· ÔÂÈ„Ï Æ®˛±µ ßÓÚ ¨Ì˘¸ absolute being in the depths of one’s own soul’

Æ≤∂≠≤≤ ßÓÚ ¨Ì„‡ ˘„˜Ó ¨ÔÈÏ‚¯Ó ªµ∂ ßÓÚ ¨ÔÂÒÙÏ ªπ≠µ ßÓÚ ¨„ÈÈ·˘ ∫‡¯

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19 | ‰Ï·˜‰ Ï˘ ‰Èˆ˜ÈÙÈËÒÈÓ‰

˙È‚Âχ˙‰Â ˙È˙‰Ӊ ‰ÒÈÙ˙‰ ÏÚ ¯ÊÁ ¨˙Èχȯى ‰„ÓÚ‰ ˙‡ ‰Á„˘ Û‡ ¨ÔÂÒÙÏ ≥∂Æß˙ÈËÒÈÓ‰≥∑Æß˙ȉÂχ‰ ˙ÂÁΉ Ï˘ ˙È„ÈÓ ‰ÈÂÂÁß ‡Â‰ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ÔÈÈÙ‡Ó‰˘

˙ÂÈ˙‰Ӊ ˙¯„‚‰·˘ ˙ÂÈ˙ÈÈÚ·‰ ÏÚ Â„ÓÚ˘ Ìȯ˜ÂÁ ¯ÙÒÓ ÂÚȈ‰ ˙¯Á‡‰ ÌÈ˘·Ô˙ÂÈ ÚȈ‰ ‰Â¯Á‡Ï ≥∏ÆÈ˙ÁÙ˘Ó ÔÂÈÓ„ ÈÈÈˢ‚Ëȉ ‚˘ÂÓ· ‰˙¯„‚‰Ï ˘Ó˙˘‰Ï ¨˙„‰ Ï˘‰¯Â‚Ò ‰ÓÈ˘¯ ‚Ȉ‰Ï ÔÂÈÒȉ ÔÂÏ˘ÈÎ ·˜Ú ¨‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙¯„‚‰Ï ‰Ê ‚˘ÂÓ· ˘Ó˙˘‰Ï ·¯‡‚˙‡¯Ï ˘Èß Âȯ·„Ï Æ˜·Ï‰ ˙¢ÚÏ ‰ÒÈ˘ ÈÙÎ ¨˙ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ‰ÈÂÂÁÏ ÌÈÈ„ÂÁÈÈ ÌÈÈÈÙ‡Ó Ï˘Ì‚¯˙ÈÓ ¨ÁÈ˘ ‡ ‰Ù˘ Ï˘ ‚ÂÒ „ÎÂÏ ‰Ê Ì˘ ªÈÈÈˢ‚Ëȉ Ô·ÂÓ· ‰ÁÙ˘Ó Ì˘ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ·

≥πÆß˙ÈÈÈÙ‡ ˙È˙¯ÙÒ ‰„ÓÚÏ ˙·¯ ÌÈÓÚÙ‰ˆÂ·˜ Ïη ÂÓΩ ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ ˙ÂÂÎÓ‰ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙‰ ÔÈ· È˙ÁÙ˘Ó ÔÂÈÓ„ ‡ÂˆÓÏ Ô˙È˘ ˜ÙÒ ÔȇÏÚ ÔΠ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‚˘ÂÓ‰ ÏÚ ÏÈÁ‰Ï ¯˘Ù‡˘Â ¨®‰Ù˘· ÌÈ˘Ó˙˘Ó‰ È„È ÏÚ ˙¯„‚ÂÓ‰ ˙¯Á‡Ôȇ˘ ‰Úˆ‰‰ Ìχ ¥∞ƘÁ˘Ó ‚˘ÂÓ‰ ÏÚ ÔÈÈˢ‚ËÈÂ Ï˘ ÌÈÓÒ¯ÂÙÓ‰ Âȯ·„ ˙‡ ˙„ ‚˘ÂӉ͇ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ Â‡ ˙„ Ì˘· ÌÈÎÓ Â‡˘ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙‰ ÏÎÏ ÌÈÙ˙¢Ӊ ÌÈÒÁÈ Â‡ ÔÂÈÓ„ Ș ¨‰ÂÎ˙˙‡ ÌȈÂÁ ÌÈÙÙÂÁ‰ ‰·¯˜Â ÔÂÈÓ„ ÈÒÁÈ Ï˘ ˙ηÂÒÓ ˙˘¯ ˙ÓÈȘ˘ ‡Ï‡ ¨‰Ï‡ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙Ï ˜¯Â‰„˘ ÔÂÈη ˙ÏÚÂ˙‰ ÏÚ ‰Ï‡˘ ÔÓÈÒ ‰·ÈˆÓ ¨Âχ ÌÈÁÂÓ· ˙‚ÈÂ˙Ó‰ ˙˜È˘¯Ù‰Â ˙¯ÂÒÓ‰¨„ϯ߂ˆÈÙ ÔÚˢ ÈÙÎ ÆÔ‰Ï˘ È˙‡Â¢‰ ¯˜ÁÓ ÏÚ ÒÒ·˙Ӊ ¨ÂÏω ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙Ï ˘„˜ÂÓ‰ ¯˜ÁÓÌÈÎÈ˘ÓÓ‰ ͇ ¨˙ÈÈÈˢ‚Ëȉ ‰ÒÈÙ˙‰ ˙ÂÚˆÓ‡· ˙„ ‰È¯Â‚˘‰ ˙‡ ÌȯȷÒÓ‰ Ìȯ˜ÂÁ‰˙È‚Âχ˙‰ — ˙È˙‰Ӊ ‰ÒÈÙ˙‰ ˙‡ ¯˜ÁÓÏ ‰¯ÊÁ ÌÈ·È‚Ó ¨ÂÊ ‰È¯Â‚˘ ÏÚ Ì‰È¯˜ÁÓ ˙‡ ÒÒ·Ï

∫˙„‰ Ï˘ — ‰„ÂÒÈ·

‡Ï ̇ ȯ‰˘ ¨Â‰˘ÏÎ È˙Â‰Ó ÔÈÈÙ‡Ó ˙ÂÈ‰Ï ·ÈÈÁ ˙„ ‚˘ÂÓÏ ¨ß˜ÂÈ˙‰ ˙‡ ÏȈ‰Ïß È„Î˙È˙ÂÚÓ˘Ó È˙Ï·Ï ‰˘ÚÓÏ ˙ÎÙ‰ ‡È‰˘ „Ú ¨ÍÎ ÏÎ ‰·Á¯ ˙È˘Ú ˙„ Ï˘ ‰ÁÙ˘Ó‰ ¨ÔÎ

‘Thus, for example, the nature of the Christian mystic’s pre-mystical consciousness informs the ≥∂mystical consciousness such that he experienced the mystic reality in terms of Jesus, the Trinity

Æ®≤∑ ßÓÚ ¨‰Ù˘ ¨ı¢Î© or a personal God’‘the immediate experience of the divine presence that is characteristic of mysticism as an historical ≥∑

Æ®µµ ßÓÚ ¨ÔÂÒÙÏ© phenomenon’˙¯„‚‰Ï ÔÈÈˢ‚ËÈÂ Ï˘ ‰Ù˘‰ ˜Á˘Ó ˙Èȯ‡˙·Â È˙ÁÙ˘Ó‰ ÔÂÈÓ„‰ ‚˘ÂÓ· ˘Ó˙˘‰Ï ˙ÂÂÈÒÈ ÏÚ ≥∏

ÆÔÂÈ˜Ó ª¯ÏÒ ªË¯ÓÒ ∫‡¯ ˙„ ‚˘ÂÓ‰‘At the same time, listing a limited and closed set of “distinctive features” of mystical expression, ≥πa la Hollenback, also fails to capture this vast array. Instead, one should see “Mysticism” as a“family name” in the Wittegensteinian sense. This name captures a certain language or discourse,

Æ®≤π∏ ßÓÚ ¨˙¯˜ȷ ¨·¯‡‚© which often translates into a characteristic literary stance’¨ÌÈÙϘ ȘÁ˘ÓÏ ¨ÁÂÏ È˜Á˘ÓÏ È˙ÂÂΠƢÌȘÁ˘Ó¢ Ìȇ¯Â˜ ‡ Ì‰Ï˘ ÌÈÎÈω· ÌÚÙ Ï˘ÓÏ ‡–ÔÈÈÚß ¥∞Ì‰Ï ˙ÂÈ‰Ï ·ÈÈÁ¢ ∫¯Ó‡˙ χ — ø‰Ï‡ ÏÎÏ Û˙¢Ӊ Â‰Ó Æ‰‡Ï‰ ÔΠ¨‰ÓÁÏÓ È˜Á˘ÓÏ ¨¯Â„ΠȘÁ˘Óϯ·„ ‰Ï‡ ÏÎÏ ˘È ̇‰ ˜Â„·Â Ô·˙‰ ‡Ï‡ — ¢ÌȘÁ˘Ó¢ ÌÈȯ˜ Âȉ ‡Ï ̉ ÔΖ‡Ï ̇˘ ¨Û˙Â˘Ó Â‰˘ÓÔÂÈÓ„ ÈÒÁÈ ‰‡¯˙ Ï·‡ ¨ÌÏÂÎÏ Û˙¢Ӊ ‰Ó–¯·„ ‡ˆÓ˙ ‡Ï ÌÓ‡ ¨Ì‰· Ô·˙˙ ̇ Ô΢ — ÆÛ˙Â˘Ó ‰Ó˙ηÂÒÓ ˙˘¯ Ìȇ¯ ‡ ∫‡È‰ ‰Ê ÔÂÈÚ Ï˘ ‰‡ˆÂ˙‰Â ÆÆÆ‰Ï‡Î˘ ÌÈÒÁÈ Ï˘ ‰ÓÏ˘ ‰¯„Ò ÂÏÈه ¨‰·¯˜Â·ÂË ÂÏω ˙ÂÈÓ„‰ ˙‡ ÔÈÈÙ‡Ï ÏÂÎÈ Èȇ ÆÔ˘·Â Ï„‚· ˙ÂÈÓ„ ÆÂÊ ˙‡ ÂÊ ˙ˆÂÁ ˙ÂÙÙÂÁ‰ ˙ÂÈÂÓ„ Ï˘ÔÈ· ˙¯¯Â˘‰ ˙¢‰ ˙ÂÈÂÓ„‰ ˙ˆÂÁ ˙ÂÙÙÂÁ ÍÎ Ô΢ ª¢È˙ÁÙ˘Ó ÔÂÈÓ„¢ ÈÂËÈ·‰ ˙ÂÚˆÓ‡· ¯˘‡Ó ¯˙ÂÈÌȯˆÂÈ ÌȘÁ˘Ó‰ ∫¯ÓÂÏ ‰ˆ¯‡Â ÆßÂΠßÂΠ‚ÊÓ ¨‰ÎÈω ¨ÌÈÈÈÚ Ú·ˆ ¨ÌÈÙ ÈÂÂ˙ ¨Û‚ ‰·Ó ∫‰ÁÙ˘Ó È·Â¯˜

Æ®∂∂≠∂µ ßÓÚ ¨∂∑≠∂∂ ÌÈÙÈÚÒ ¨ÔÈÈˢ‚ËÈ© ߉ÁÙ˘Ó

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Ò‰ ÊÚ· | 20

‰¯„‚‰ ‰·È‚Ó ‰È‡ ̇ ¨È˙ÁÙ˘Ó ÔÂÈÓ„ Ï˘ ‰È¯Â‡˙‰ Æ˙ÈËÈχ ˙ÏÚÂ˙ ˙¯ÒÁÏÂÔÈÁ·‰Ï ˙¯˘Ù‡Ó ‰È‡˘ Íη ¨Ô„·‡Ï ˙„‰ ˙‡ ‰¯È„‚Ó ¨ÔÁÏÂ˘Ï ˙Á˙Ó ˙È˙‰Ó

¥±Æ˙ÂÈÏÏÎ ÌÈÏÓÒ ˙ÂίÚÓ Â‡ ÌÏÂÚ ˙ÂÙ˜˘‰ ¨˙ÂÈ‚Âχ„ȇ ÔÈ·Ï ‰È·

‰ÒÈÙ˙ ‡È‰ Û‡ ‰·È‚Ó ¨ÁÈ˘ ‡ ‰Ù˘ Ï˘ ‚ÂÒ „ÎÂÏ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‚˘ÂÓ‰˘ ·¯‡‚ Ï˘ Â˙Úˆ‰¨È˙ÁÙ˘Ó‰ ÔÂÈÓ„‰ ˙ÒÈÙ˙· ÌÈ˘Ó˙˘Ó‰ ÌȯÁ‡ Ìȯ˜ÂÁ ‰ÂÓΠ·¯‡‚ Ɖ˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ˙È˙‰ÓÌÈ„ÎÂÏ Â‡ ÌÈÙ˜˘Ó ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ˙„ ÌÈ‚˘ÂÓ‰˘ ˙ÂÈ‚¯Â‡ ˙ÂÁÙ˘Ó· ¯·Â„Ó Ôȇ˘ ÍÎÓ ÌÈÓÏÚ˙ÓÌÈÈÙȈÙÒ ÌÈȯÂËÒȉ ÌÈÈ˙¯·Á Ìȯ˘˜‰· ¨‰Ù˘· ÌÈ˘Ó˙˘Ó‰ È„È· ¯ˆÂ˘ ˙ÂÁÙ˘Ó· ‡Ï‡ ¨Ô˙‡

∫‚Ș ÔÚˢ ÈÙÎ ¥≤ÆÌȘ‰·ÂÓ ÌÈÈËÈÏÂÙ ÌÈÒ¯Ëȇ ÍÂ˙ÓÂ

˙ÂÒÈÙ˙‰˘ ‰ÁÂÎ ÌÈÎȯÚÓ Ìȇ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙„‡ ÏÚ ÂÓÊ È· Ìȯ˜ÁÓ‰ ÏÎ ËÚÓΨ˙ÂÈ˙·¯˙ ˙ÂÈÂ˘Ï ˙ÂÈ·‰ Ô‰ ®ÌÈˆÓ‡Ó ÌÓˆÚ Ìȯ˜ÁÓ‰˘ Âχ ÔÏÏη© ßÈËÒÈÓ‰ß Ï˘¨‰Ê· ‰Ê ÌÈ·Ï¢Ӊ ÌÈÈÂÂÈү˜ÒÈ„ ÌÈÎÈω˙ ˙Â˘È‚ ¨˙¯„‚‰ Ï˘ ˙˘¯ ÏÚ ˙ÂÎÓÒ‰˙ÂȯÂËÒȉ ˙·ÈÒ· ˙ÂÈÂÏ˙‰ ˙˜È˘¯Ù ˙ÂÈ„ÂÁÈÈ ÌÈÈÁ ˙¯ˆ ÏÚ ÌÈÎÂÓÒ ÌÓˆÚ·˘Â˙ÂÈ˙·¯˙ ˙ÂÁ‰Ï ˜¯ ˙ÂÙÂÙÎ Ôȇ ßÈËÒÈÓ‰ß Ï˘ ˙ÂÈÁΉ ˙ÂÒÈÙ˙‰ Æ˙ÂÈÙȈÙÒÌÈÎÈω ̇Ï˘ ‰Î¯‡ ‰È¯ÂËÒÈ‰Ï ˙ȘÏÁ ˙ÂÙÙÂÁ ˙ÂÚÙ˘ÂÓ Ô‰˘ ‡Ï‡ ¨ÌÂÈÎ ˙ÂϷ˜Ӊ

¥≥Ɖ‡¯Â‰ Ï˘Â ˙ÂÚÓ˘Ó Ï˘ ÌÈÈÂÈ˘Â ÌȘ˙ÚÓ ¨ÌÈ΢Ӊ ¨ÌÈÈÂÂÈү˜ÒÈ„

ÌÈÁÂÓ‰ ˙È„Â‰È ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ÌÈ‚˘ÂÓ‰ Ï˘ ‰È‚Âχ‚‰ ÏÚ „ÂÓÚÏ ÔΠ̇ ȇ¯‰ ÔÓÌÈÈ˙¯·Á‰ ¨ÌÈȯÂËÒȉ‰ Ìȯ˘˜‰‰ ÏÚ ¨˙„ÈÒÁ‰Â ‰Ï·˜‰ Ï˘ ÈÓ„˜‡‰ ¯˜ÁÓ‰ „ÂÒÈ·ÚȈ‡ ÔÏ‰Ï˘ Ìȯ·„· Ư˜ÁÓ‰ ‰„˘ ˙‡ ·ˆÈÚ ‰·˘ ͯ„‰ ÏÚ ¨Â¯ˆÂ ̉·˘ ÌÈÈËÈÏÂى‡˘Â· ˜ÂÒÚÏ ‰ÂÂ˜Ó È‡Â ¨˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ‰È‚Âχ‚‰ Ï˘ ¯˜ÁÓÏ ÌȘ¯Ù È˘‡¯

ƯÁ‡ ̘ӷ ‰·Á¯‰·

‘to save the baby, the concept of religion must have some essential characteristic, and if it does ¥±not, then the family of religion becomes so large as to be practically meaningless and analyticallyuseless. The theory of family resemblance, if not illegitimately smuggling in an essentialistdefinition under the table, is defining religion into oblivion by making it indistinguishable from˙¯Â˜È·Ï Æ®∑≥ ßÓÚ ¨‰È‚Âχ„ȇ‰ ¨„ϯ߂ˆÈÙ© ideologies, worldviews, or symbolic systems in general’‡¯Â Æπ∑≠∑≤ ßÓÚ ¨Ì˘ ∫‡¯ ˙„‰ ˙¯„‚‰Ï È˙ÁÙ˘Ó‰ ÔÂÈÓ„‰ ‚˘ÂÓ· ˘ÂÓÈ˘‰ ÏÚ „ϯ߂ˆÈÙ Ï˘ ˙˯ÂÙÓ

Æ˙„ ¨Ï¢‰ ª≤≤¥≠≤±¥ ßÓÚ ¨‰Ù˘ ȘÁ˘Ó ¨Ï¢‰ ∫Ì‚¯˘˜· È˙ÁÙ˘Ó ÔÂÈÓ„ ‚˘ÂÓ· ÌÈ˘Ó˙˘ÓÏ ¯˘‡· „ϯ߂ˆÈÙ Ï˘ Â˙Á·‰ ˙‡ Ì‚ ‡¯Â Æ≥π ‰¯Ú‰ ¨ÏÈÚÏ Â‡¯ ¥≤

Æ≤±∑ ßÓÚ ¨‰Ù˘ ȘÁ˘Ó ¨„ϯ߂ˆÈÙ ∫˙„Ï‘Virtually all contemporary studies of mysticism fail to appreciat the sense in which notions ¥≥of the “mystical” (including those that are adopted in the studies themselves) are cultural andlinguistic constructions dependent upon a web of interlocking definitions, attitudes and discursiveprocesses, which themselves are tied to particular forms of life and historically specific practices.Not only are contemporary notions of the “mystical” subject to the cultural presuppositionsof the day, they are also informed by and overlap with a long history of discursive processes,Ì‚ ‡¯Â Æ®π ßÓÚ ¨‚Ș© continuities and discontinuities and shifts in both meaning and denotation’

Æ®˛Ì˘¸ ‚Ș È„È ÏÚ ÌÈËˈӉ© ±≤ ßÓÚ ¨ÔˆÈ Ï˘ ‰È¯·„ ˙‡

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21 | ‰Ï·˜‰ Ï˘ ‰Èˆ˜ÈÙÈËÒÈÓ‰

¨˙ÈÂÂÈ· Ú„ÈΠ¯˜Ó ¨ÌÈÈÈ·‰ ÈÓÈ Ï˘ ˙ȯˆÂ‰ ‰È‚Âχ˙· ÂÈ˘¯Â˘ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‚˘ÂÓ‰˙‡ ‚˘ÂÓ‰ ϷȘ ‰¯˘Ú Ú˘˙‰ ‰‡Ó· ¥¥Æ‰¯˘Ú ˘˘‰ ‰‡Ó‰ ÛÂÒÓ ÏÁ‰ ÌˆÚ Ì˘Î ÚÈÙ‰ ‡Â‰Â˙‡ˆÂÈ ‰ÈÂÂÁ ‰„ÂÒÈ·˘ ˙ÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ ˙È˙„ ‰ÚÙÂ˙ ÂÈȉ„ ¨ÌÂÈÎ ¯˜ÁÓ· ˙Ϸ˜Ӊ Â˙ÂÚÓ˘ÓÈ‰Ï˘· „ÒÓ˙‰ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ÈÓ„˜‡‰ ¯˜ÁÓ‰ ¥µÆÈË„ˆÒ¯Ë‰ ‡ ȉÂχ‰ ÌÚ ˘‚ÙÓ Ï˘ ÔÙ„‰˙‡· Á˙Ù˙‰˘ ¨˙Â˙„‰ Ú„Ó ˙¯‚ÒÓ· ¯˜ÈÚ· ¨Ìȯ˘Ú‰ ‰‡Ó‰ ˙È˘‡¯·Â ‰¯˘Ú Ú˘˙‰ ‰‡Ó‰‰ÒÒ·˙‰ ‰Ù˜˙ ‰˙‡· ¥∂Æ˙¢ ˙ÂÈÙ¯ȇ ‡Ï ˙ÂÈ·¯˙ Ï˘ ¯˜ÁÓ‰ ˙¯‚ÒÓ· ÔΠ¨‰Ù˜˙˙ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ‰ÚÙÂ˙‰ Ï˘ È„ÂÁÈÈ È„Â‰È ÈÂËÈ·Î ˙È„Â‰È ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ Ï˘ ‰ÓÂȘ ¯·„· ‰ÒÈÙ˙‰

ÆÈÓ„˜‡ ÌÂÁ˙Î ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ¯˜ÁÓÏ „ÒÓ‰ ¯ˆÂ ¨˙ÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ‰Â¯ˆÂ ÂÊ ‰È¯Â‚Ë˜Ï ÂÎÈ¢˘ ˙ÂÈ˙·¯˙ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ Ï˘ ÈÓ„˜‡‰ ¯˜ÁӉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‰È¯Â‚˘‰‰ÒÙ˙ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Æ˙ȯ„ÂÓ‰ ˙ÂÈÓ‡ω Ï˘ ‰˘Â·È‚ ÈÙ¯ȇ‰ ÌÊÈχÈÂϘ‰ ˙¯‚ÒÓ·ÌÈ‚˘ÂÓ‰ ̉ ¨®Secular© ÔÈÏÂÁ‰ ¨‰‚ÂÊ Ô·Â ‡È‰˘ ¨®Religion© ˙„‰ Ï˘ ‰˙ȈÓ˙Î ‰·¯ ‰„ÈÓ·¨˙È˙ÈÈÂÂÁ ¨˙ÈÂÂÈ˘ÈÈ·ÂÒ ‰ÚÙÂ˙Î ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙¯„‚‰ ¥∑Æ˙ÈÙ¯ȇ‰ ‰¯„ÂÓ‰ Ï˘ ÌÈÂÎÓ‰‰ÒÈÙ˙ ª˙„‰ Ï˘ ˙ȯ„ÂÓ‰ ‰ÒÈÙ˙‰ ˙‡ ‰·¯ ‰„ÈÓ· ‰ˆÓÓ ¨˙ÈËÈÏÂÙ–‡Â ˙È˙¯·Á–‡ ¨˙È˯ٷ¯ÚÓ‰ Ï˘ ˙ÈËÒÈχȯÙÓȇ‰ ˙ÂˢÙ˙‰‰ ˙¯‚ÒÓ· ˙ÂÈÙ¯ȇ ‡Ï ˙ÂÈ·¯˙ ÏÚ ‰ÏÁ‰ Âʨ˙¯ÂÒÓ ÂÎÈ¢ ÂÊ ˙¯‚ÒÓ· Æ˙ÈÏ·ÂÏ‚ ‰ÈÂÓ‚‰· ÌÈȯ„ÂÓ‰ ÂÈÎ¯Ú ˙‡ ˙ÂÎÊÏ Â˙Ùȇ˘ ÍÂ˙ÓÂÂÎÊ Âχ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ ¥∏ÆÈËÒÈӉ È˙„‰ ÌÂÁ˙Ï ˙ÂÈÙ¯ȇ ‡Ï‰ ˙ÂÈ·¯˙· ÌÈ¢ ˙„ÒÂÓ ˙˜È˘¯ÙÏÎ ¨˙ÂÈËÓ¯–‡ Õ ˙¯‚ÒÓ· ¯„‡Â‰Â ˆÓ‡ ۇ ¨È·¯ÚÓ‰ ÌÊÈϯ·Èω ˙¯‚ÒÓ· ‰ÈˆÓÈËÈ‚ÏÏ˙ÂÎÈÈ˘‰ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙Î ¯ÓÂÏÎ ¨‰˜ÈËÒÈӉ ˙„‰ Ï˘ ˙ȯ„ÂÓ‰ ‰ÈȈو˜· ˙ÂÓÂÁ˙ ¯˙ „ÂÚÆÈ˙¯·Á‰Â ÈÏÎÏΉ ¨ÈËÈÏÂÙ‰ ÌÂÁ˙Ï ‰ÚÈ‚ ÂÏ Ôȇ˘ ¨ÈÂÂÈ˘ÈÈ·Â҉ È˙ÈÈÂÂÁ‰ ¨È˯ى ÌÂÁ˙Ï

Ï·˜˙‰ ¨˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ ˙ÂÈ˙„Î ˙ÂȯˆÂ–˙ÂÈÙ¯ȇ ‡Ï ˙ÂÈ˙·¯˙ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ Ï˘ È·¯ÚÓ‰ ‚ÂÈ˙‰˙ÂÈÂ‰Ê ˙ÈÈ·‰Ï ‰Ùȇ˘ ÍÂ˙Ó Â˙‡ ÂÁ˙È٠̉ ¨Âχ ˙ÂÈ·¯˙ È· ÌÈ„ÓÂÏÓ ÌÈÏÈÎ˘Ó È„È ÏÚ¨ÌÈÈËÒÈÓ ÌÈÈÁ¯ ¨ÌÈÈ˙„ΉÂÊ˘ÌÈ¢‰˙„ÒÂÓ‰Â˙˜È˘¯Ù‰ ¨ÌÈÎ˙‰ Æ˙ÂÈÓÂ‡Ï ˙ÂÈ·È˘Ï˜‰Â¯Á‡Ï ÂÚˢ ÈÙÎ ¨ÍÎ ¥πÆÌÈ¢ ÌÈ·È˘Ï˜ Ï˘ ˙ÂÈÓ‡ω ˙¯ÂÒÓ‰ ˙ÈÈ·‰Ï ¢ÓÈ˘

Ʊ±≤≠∑∂ ßÓÚ ¨ÂË¯Ò ‰„ ª‰È· ¥¥‰Á˙Ù˙‰ ¨˙Â˙„‰ ÏÎ Ï˘ ÈÁ¯‰ ÒÈÒ·‰ ‡È‰˘ ‰Ó„˜ ˙ÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ ‰È‚Âχ˙Î ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ‰ÒÈÙ˙‰ ¥µ

Ʊ∑ ßÓÚ ¨ı· ∫ÍÎ ÏÚ Â‡¯ ªÌÈÓ¯‚‰ Ìȇ˜ÈËÓ¯‰ ·¯˜·Æ≥¥≠±¥ ßÓÚ ¨‚Ș ª≥¥≥≠≤∂µ ßÓÚ ¨ÔÈ‚˜Ó ∫‡¯ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ¯˜ÁÓ Ï˘Â ‚˘ÂÓ‰ Ï˘ ‰È¯ÂËÒȉ· ÔÂÈ„Ï ¥∂

Æ≤±∞≠≤∞π ßÓÚ ¨‰Ù˘ ȘÁ˘Ó ¨„ϯ߂ˆÈÙ ¥∑‘“Religion” has been used to accommodate a disparate and disconnected series of institutions that ¥∏at various times have been singled out as standing in the way of modern rational government.These characteristics of non-western institutions, and of institutions within “premodern”Western societies themselves, have been called traditions, mysticism, despotism, superstition,witchcraft, primitivism, or medieval forms of life. Many of these derogatory references wereperhaps originally made by Protestants against Roman Catholics and then extended to othercolonial situations. What have been fundamental collective institutions within the peripheralsocieties in which they operated have been categorized as indigenous religions… and simplyby this naming operation have become grist for the mill of the metropolitan religion-secular

Æπ≠∏ ßÓÚ ¨‰È‚Âχ„ȇ‰ ¨Ï¢‰ ∫Ì‚ ‡¯Â Æ®≤≥¥ ßÓÚ ¨Ì˘© ideology’Æ∏ ßÓÚ ¨Èß‚¯Ë߈ ¥π

3_Pe110_ Huss_2 10.06.2007, 07:3521

Ò‰ ÊÚ· | 22

ÂÁ˙ÂÙ ˆÓ‡ ÌÊȉ„·‰Â ÌÊȇ„ȉ‰ Ï˘ ‰Èˆ˜ÈÙÈËÒÈӉ ‰ÈˆÊÈχÂËȯÈÙÒ‰ ¨ÌÈ¢ Ìȯ˜ÂÁ„‰· ÌÈÈËÈÏÂÙ ÌȂȉÓ ÌȂ‰ È„È ÏÚ Ìȯ˘Ú‰ ‰‡Ó‰ ˙È˘‡¯·Â ‰¯˘Ú Ú˘˙‰ ‰‡Ó‰ È‰Ï˘·

µ∞Æ˙ÈÙȉ ˙Ȅ‰‰ ˙ÂÈÓ‡ω ˙ÈÈ·‰ ˙¯‚ÒÓ· ÔÙÈ·ÂÆ˙ÈÓ‡ω ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ˙‰ʉ ˙ÈÈ·‰ ˙¯‚ÒÓ· ‰Ù˜˙ ‰˙‡· ¢Á¯˙‰ ÌÈÓ„ ÌÈÎÈω˙Ìȇ˜ÈËÓ¯ Ï˘ ̉ȷ˙ÎÓ ÌÈ„Â‰È ÌÈ„ÓÂÏÓ ÂˆÓȇ ‰¯˘Ú Ú˘˙‰ ‰‡Ó‰ Ï˘ ‰ÈÈ˘‰ ˙ȈÁÓ·˙·¯˙· ˙¯Á‡ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙·Â ‰Ï·˜· ‡¯Â µ±¨˙È„Â‰È ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‰È¯Â‚˘‰ ˙‡ ÌȯˆÂ¯‡È˙ ±∏µ≥ ˙˘· ÍÎ Æ˙ÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ ˙ÈËÒÈÓ ‰ÚÙÂ˙ Ï˘ ÌÈÈ„Â‰È ÌÈÈÓÂ‡Ï ÌÈÈÂËÈ· ˙Ȅ‰ȉ·ÈÎ¯Ó ‡È‰ ‰˜ÈËÒÈӉߢ ÔÈȈ ˙È„Â‰È ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓÎ ‰Ï·˜‰ ˙‡ ˜ÈÏÈ ®ÛÏ„‡© Ô¯‰‡ „ÓÂÏÓ‰Ïη ˙ÂÓ‡‰ Ïη ‰˙‡ ‡ÂˆÓÏ Ô˙È˘ ÍÎ È„Î „Ú ˙¢‡‰ Ï˘ ˙ÈÁ¯‰ ˙ÂÁ˙Ù˙‰· È˙‰ÓÌÈÙ¯ȇ ÌÈ„Â‰È ÌÈ„ÓÂÏÓ Ï˘ ̉ȷ˙η ¯·‚ ˙È„Â‰È ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‰È¯Â‚˘· ˘ÂÓÈ˘‰ µ≤Æß˙Â˙„‰‰ÈÈهϠ‰Ù˜È‰Ï ¯˘‡· „ÂÒÈ ˙ÂÁ‰Â ¨Ìȯ˘Ú‰ ‰‡Ó‰ ˙È˘‡¯·Â ‰¯˘Ú Ú˘˙‰ ‰‡Ó‰ È‰Ï˘·˙Âȯ˘„ ¨˙¯ÂÒÓ ÆÂÊ ‰Ù˜˙· ÂÚ·˜ ¨ÌÂÈÎ Ì‚ ‰·¯ ‰„ÈÓ· ˙ÂϷ˜Ӊ ¨ÂÊ ˙ÈËÒÈÓ ˙¯ÂÒÓ Ï˘˙·¯˙· ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙Ï Â¢‰ ¨˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ Â¯„‚‰ ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ˙·¯˙· ˙¢ ˙˜È˘¯ÙÂÆ®˙ÈÈ҉ ˙Ȅ‰‰ ˙·¯˙· ‰Â˘‡¯·Â ˘‡¯·© ˙¯Á‡ ß˙ÂÈÁ¯ÊÓß ˙ÂÈ·¯˙· ¯˜ÈÚ·Â ˙ȯˆÂ‰Ï˘ ˙È·ÂÈÁ‰ ‰Î¯Ú‰‰ Ú˜¯ ÏÚ — ‰¯È„‡‰Ï ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ˙·¯˙‰ ÏÚ Ô‚‰Ï „Ú ‰Ï‡ ÌÈÎωӨß˙ÈÁÂ¯ß ˙È„Â‰È ˙¯ÂÒÓ Ï˘ ‰È·‰ Ì˘Ï ÔΠ— ®Fin de Siècle© ‰‡Ó‰ ‰ÙÓ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰

Æ˙ȯ„ÂÓ ˙ÈÓÂ‡Ï ˙È„Â‰È ˙Â‰Ê Ï˘ ‰˙¯ÈˆÈ ˙¯‚ÒÓ· ¨˙È˙Îω‰ ÂÊÓ ˙Ï„·‰ß¯ ȯÂÙÈÒßÏ ¯·Â· ÔÈË¯Ó Ï˘ ‰Ó„˜‰· ˜‰·ÂÓ ÈÂËÈ· È„ÈÏ ˙‡· ÂÏω ˙ÂÓ‚Ó‰ È˙˘„Á‡ ‡È‰˘Â ¨®Die Jüdische Mystik© ß˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ß ‰˙¯˙Â΢ ¨±π∞∂ ˙˘Ó ¨ßÔÓÁ¨¯·Â· µ≥Æ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ˙ȯ„ÂÓ‰ ‰È¯Â‚˘‰ ˘Â·È‚· ¯˙ÂÈ· ÌÈ·Â˘Á‰ ÌÈÎÓÒÓ‰–‡‰ ‰·È˘ÙÒ¯Ù‰ ˙¯‚ÒÓ·Â ¨˙ÈÂȈ‰ Â˙ÂÏÈÚÙÏ ‰˜ÈÊ· ‰¯¯ÂÚ˙‰ ˙„ÈÒÁ· Â˙ÂÈÈÚ˙‰˘¯ÙÒß — ˙¢ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ ‰Ê ¯Â·ÈÁ· ¯‡È˙ µ¥¨‰‡Ó‰ È‰Ï˘ Ï˘ ˙ÈËÒÈÏËÈȯ‡‰Â ˙ÈËÓ¯

˙ÂÈÁ¯‰ Ï ̆‰È·‰Ï ¨¯È ¯„ Ô ÔÚˢ ÈÙÎ Æ∑∑≠∂π ßÓÚ ¨¯È ¯„ Ô ª±¥≤≠±≥∂ ßÓÚ ¨‚Ș ª±∞≥≠ππ ßÓÚ ¨Û¯˘ µ∞Ô‰ÈÈ· ¨˙ÂÈ·¯ÚÓ ˙ÂÈÁ¯ ˙ÂÚÂ˙ Ï˘ ·Á ̄ÔÂÂ‚Ó ÏÚ ‰ÚÙ˘‰ ‰˙Èȉ Ȅ‰‰ ÈÓ‡ω ¯˘˜‰· ÌÊȇ„ȉ‰ Ï˘¨˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓÏ Ì‚ ‰ÂÎ ÂÊ ‰Á·‰ Æ∑¥ ßÓÚ ¨®Ì˘© ¯È ¯„ Ô ∫‡¯ ª˙ÂÈ¢ÎÚ‰ ˘„Á‰ Ô„ÈÚ‰ ˙ÂÚÂ˙

Æ˙Âȯ„ÂÓ ˙ÂÈÁ¯ ˙ÚÂ˙· ·Â˘Á ÌÂ˜Ó ˙ÒÙÂ˙ ‡È‰ Û‡˘Â ¨˙ÈÓÂ‡Ï ˙È„Â‰È ˙¯‚ÒÓ· ‰˙·Â‰˘Ú·˘‰ ‰‡Ó· ÌȯˆÂ ÌÈÏ·Â˜Ó È·˙η ‰Ï·˜Ï ¯˘˜· ‰Â˘‡¯Ï ÚÈÙ‰ ßÈËÒÈÓß ¯‡Â˙‰ Ì˘ ¨ÈÏ Ú„ȉ ÏÎÎ µ±®Basnage© ßÊ· ˜ßÊ Ï˘ ‰ÚÙ˘‰‰ ·¯ ¯ÙÒ· ‰Â˘‡¯Ï ÚÈÙ‰ ˙ÈËÒÈÓ ‰È‚Âχ˙Î ‰Ï·˜‰ ¯Â‡È˙ ¨‰¯˘Ú‰¯˘Ú Ú˘˙‰ ‰‡Ó· Æ∑ ßÓÚ ¨ßÊ· ∫‡¯ ª‰¯˘Ú ‰ÂÓ˘‰ ‰‡Ó‰ ˙È˘‡¯· ÒÙ„˘ ¨ÌȄ‰ȉ Ï˘ ‰È¯ÂËÒȉ‰ ÏÚÏ˘ ‰ÈÙÂÒÂÏÈÙ‰ß Â¯ÙÒ· ¨˙È„Â‰È ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓÎ ‰Ï·˜‰ ˙‡ ®Molitor© ¯ÂËÈÏÂÓ ı¯Ù ÈÓ¯‚‰ ÛÂÒ‡˙‰ ¯‡È˙‰¯˘Ú ‰ÂÓ˘‰ ‰‡Ó‰ È‰Ï˘· ÌÈ„Â‰È ÌÈÏÈÎ˘Ó Æ±≥µ ¨¥¥ ßÓÚ ¨¯ÂËÈÏÂÓ ∫‡¯ ªß‰Ï·˜‰ ÏÚ Â‡ ¨‰È¯ÂËÒȉ‰˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ ‰Ï·˜‰ ¯Â‡È˙Ï ßÈËÒÈÓß ¯‡Â˙· ÌÈ˙ÚÏ Â˘Ó˙˘‰ ‰¯˘Ú Ú˘˙‰ ‰‡Ó‰ Ï˘ ‰Â˘‡¯‰ ˙ȈÁӷ‰Ù˜˙· ıÂÙ ‰È‰ ‡Ï „ÂÚ ‰Ï·˜‰ ¯Â‡È˙Ï ˙È„Â‰È ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ÁÂÓ· ˘ÂÓÈ˘‰ Ìχ Æ˙¯Á‡ ˙ÂÈ„Â‰È ˙ÂÈ·¯˙¨ÂÓÊ· ·˙΢ ‰Ï·˜‰ ˙„‡ ÏÚ ¯˙ÂÈ· ·Â˘Á‰ ¯ÙÒ‰ ¨±∏¥≥ ˙˘· ÒÙ„˘ ¨˜¯Ù ÛÏ„‡ Ï˘ ¯ÙÒ· ÆÂÊ

Æ˙È„Â‰È ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ¨Ò‰ ∫‰·Á¯‰· ‡¯Â Æ˙È˙„ ‰ÈÙÂÒÂÏÈÙÎ ‡Ï‡ ¨˙È„Â‰È ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓÎ ‰Ï·˜‰ ‰¯‡Â˙ ‡Ï‘Die Mystik ist ein so wesentliches Moment in der geistigen Entwickelung der Menschheit, dass µ≤

Æ®¥≠≥ ßÓÚ ¨˜ÈÏÈ© sie bei allen Nationen und in allen Religionen angetroffen wird’Ʊπ≠µ ßÓÚ ¨¯·Â· µ≥

Æ∂µ≤≠∂≥µ ßÓÚ ¨¯ÂÏÙ–Ò„Ó µ¥

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23 | ‰Ï·˜‰ Ï˘ ‰Èˆ˜ÈÙÈËÒÈÓ‰

˙ÈËÒÈÓ ˙¯ÂÒÓÓ ˜ÏÁÎ — ˙„ÈÒÁ‰Â ˙‡˙·˘‰ ¨˙ȇȯÂω ‰Ï·˜‰ ¨ß¯‰ÂÊ߉ ¨ß‰¯ÈˆÈ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ˙ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙¯ÂÒÓ‰ ˙‡ ‰Â¢ œ‰ ¯·Â· µµÆ„ÂÓÏ˙‰ ˙Ù˜˙· ‰˙È˘‡¯˘ ¨‰ÙȈ¯ ˙Ȅ‰ȉ˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ÈÓ‡ω ‰„ÂÁÈÈ ˙‡ ˘È‚„‰ ͇ ¨‰Ò˖‡Ï ÒÂÈËÂÏÙ ¨Ë¯‰˜‡ Ï˘ ̉È˙¯Â˙ÏÏ˘ ϯ‚·Â ÈÙ‡· ‰Ï˘ ˙˜‰·ÂÓ‰ ˙ÂÏ˙·Â ‰Ï˘ ˙ÂÈÏ‚ҷ ˙ÂÈ˙„Á‡· ¯ÈÎ‰Ï ÂÈÏÚß ∫˙Ȅ‰ȉ‡ÏÙ Á¯ÙßÎ ¯‡È˙˘ ¨˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ‰¯„‡‰‰ ˙¯ÓÏ ˙‡Ê ÌÚ µ∂Æ߉ÁÓˆ ÂÎÂ˙·˘ ÌÚ‰ÈËÒÈÏËÈȯ‡ ÈËÏÂÂÈ·Ó‡ ÒÁÈ ‰È‰ ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓÏ ¯·Â· Ï˘ ÂÒÁÈ µ∑¨ßÔÈÓÂÈ ˜È˙Ú ÔÏȇ Ï˘¨˙È¢ ÌÈ˙ÚÏ ‰¯ÂÎÚ ÌÈ˙ÚÏ ¨˙ÓÈÂÒÓ ‰„ÈÓ· ˙ÊÂ‡Ó È˙Ï·ßÎ ‰˙‡ ¯‡È˙ ‡Â‰ ªÈÈÈÙ‡ÔÓ ÌÏÚ˙‰Ï ¯˘Ù‡ ȇ ª‰ÒË Â‡Ï Â‡ ÒÂÈËÂÏ٠‡ ¨Ë¯‰˜‡ Ï˘ ̉È˙¯Â˙Ï ‰˙‡ ‰Â¢ ̇

µ∏Æß˙„˘È‡Ù‡‰ „ˆÏ ‰· Ô·˙ ¯˘‡Î ‰Ï˘ ˙Âȯȯ·˘‰Â˜ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ· ‰‡¯˘ Ô¢‡¯‰ Ȅ‰ȉ ˙ÂÚ„‰ ‰‚‰ ‰È‰ ¯·Â·ß˘ ÍÎ ÏÚ „ÓÚ˘ ¨ÌÂÏ˘ÌȘ· ‰ËË¯Â˘˘ ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙ÒÈÙ˙ ˙‡ ıÓȇ µπ¨ß˙„‰È· ˙„Ó˙Ó ‰ÈÈË ‰ÁÓ¯˜ÁÓ Ï˘ ˙ÂÎÓ‰ ‰Ó‚È„¯ÙÎ ‰˙‡ ÒÒÈ·Â ßÔÓÁ ߯ ȯÂÙÈÒßÏ ¯·Â· Ï˘ Â˙Ó„˜‰· ÌÈÈÏÏÎ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ¯˜ÁÏ ÌÂÏ˘ ‰Ù ¨Â˙ÚÙ˘‰·Â ¨¯·Â·Ï ‰Ó„· ∂∞Æȯ„ÂÓ‰ ‰Ï·˜‰∂±ÆÁ¯ÊӉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ÔÓ ˙ÈËÓ¯–‡‰ ˙·‰Ï˙‰‰Â ıÓȇ˘ ˙ÈÂȈ‰ ‰È‚Âχ„ȇ‰ ˙¯‚ÒÓ·¨˙ÂÏ‚· ‰ÓÂȘ ˙‡ ¯˘Ù œ‡˘ ÈÂÈÁ‰ ÈÓ‡ω ÁÂΉ ˙‡ ˙„‰È‰ Ï˘ ÈËÒÈÓ‰ „ÂÒÈ· ‰‰ÈÊ ÌÂÏ˘

∫¯Ó‡ ÂÓˆÚ ‡Â‰˘ ÈÙÎ ∂≤Æ˙ÂÂȈÏ ‰Ï΢‰Ï È˘χȄ ÔÙ‡· ‡È·‰˘Â

˙¢„Á˙‰Î ¨ÈÁ ¯·„Î ˙ÂÂȈ· È˙ÂӇ È˙·˘ÁÓ ÍÂ˙Ó ‰Ï·˜‰ ÌÏÂÚÏ ÒÎÈ‰Ï È˙Ȉ¯ÁÂÎ È„ ‰È‰ ‰Îω‰ Ï˘ ˙„‰ÈÏ Ì‡‰ ∫‰Ï‡˘‰ È˙‡ ‰ÈÈÚ ÆÆÆ„‡Ó ÔÂÂ˙‰˘ ÌÚ Ï˘˙ÂÈÁ ‰· ˘È ̇‰ øÈËÒÈÓ „ÂÒÈ ÈÏ· ˙ȯ˘Ù‡ ‰Îω‰ ˙Ó‡· ̇‰ øÌÈȘ˙‰Ï „ÈÓ˙‰Ï

∂≥ø‰˘ ÌÈÈÙχ ͢ӷ ÔÂÂ˙‰Ï ÈÏ· „ÈÓ˙‰Ï ‰ÓˆÚ Ï˘Ó

·Ï˘· ∫˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙ÂÁ˙Ù˙‰· ÌÈȯ˜ÈÚ ÌÈ·Ï˘ ‰Ú·¯‡ ¯·Â· ¯‡È˙ ¯Ӈӷ Ƶ ßÓÚ ¨¯·Â· µµ˙·È˙η Â˙È˘‡¯˘ ¨È˘‰ ·Ï˘· ªÒÂÓÎ „ÂÒ ˙ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ‰¯Â˙‰ ÔÈÈ„Ú ‰˙Èȉ ¨„ÂÓÏ˙‰ ˙Ù˜˙· ¨Ô¢‡¯‰‰· ˜ÂÒÈÚ‰ ͇ ‰Ï·˜‰ ‰Á˙Ù˙‰ ¨ß¯‰ÂÊ߉ ¯Â·ÈÁ· Â‡È˘Â ®˙ÈÚÈ˘˙Ï ˙ÈÚÈ·˘‰ ‰‡Ó‰ ÔÈ·© ߉¯ÈˆÈ ¯ÙÒߪÈÁÈ˘Ó ÈÙ‡ ‰Ï·˜‰ ‰Ï·È˜ ¨˙‡˙·˘· ÂÓÂÈÒ Ȣ¯‡‰ ˙Ï·˜· Â˙È˘‡¯˘ ¨È˘ÈÏ˘‰ ·Ï˘· ªÌˆÓÂˆÓ ‰È‰‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ¨Ò‰ ∫‡¯Â Æ˙„ÈÒÁ‰ ‡Â‰ ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ — ‰ÙÂÒ — ‰‡È˘ ‡Â‰˘ ¨ÈÚÈ·¯‰ ·Ï˘‰ÂÚ˘˙‰ ‰‡Ó· ÌÈ·¯ ÌÈ„ÓÂÏÓ Â„ÓÚ ®˙¯Á‡ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙© ÂÏω ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙‰ ÔÈ· ‰˜Èʉ ÏÚ˘ ÔÈÈˆÏ ˘È Æ˙Ȅ‰ÈÂÒÙ˙ ‡Ï ‰¯˘Ú Ú˘˙‰ ‰‡Ó‰ È‰Ï˘ „Ú ¯ÂӇΠÌχ ƉϷ˜‰ ®˙¯Â˜È·· ‡© ¯˜ÁÓ· ˜ÒÚ˘ ‰¯˘Ú

ƉÙȈ¯ ˙È„Â‰È ˙ÈËÒÈÓ ˙¯ÂÒÓ Ï˘ ÌÈÈÂËÈ·Î Âχ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙‘doch warden wir ihre Einheit, ihre Besonderheit und ihre starke Bedingheit durch die Art und µ∂

Æ®Ì˘© Schiksal des Volkes aus dem sie heraufwuchs, anerkennen mussen’Æ®Ì˘© ‘Die wunderbare Blüte eines uralten Baumes’ µ∑

‘Die jüdische Mystik mag recht ungleichmässig erscheinen, oft trübe, zuweilen kleinlich, wenn µ∏wir sie an Eckhart, and Plotinus, and Laotse messem; sie wird ihre Brüchigkeit nich verbergen

Æ®Ì˘© können, wenn sie gar neben den Upanischaden betrachten wollte’Æ≥∏± ßÓÚ ¨¯·„ „ÂÚ ¨ÌÂÏ˘ µπ

Æ˙È„Â‰È ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ¨Ò‰ ª∏ ßÓÚ ¨Ì„‡ ˘„˜Ó ¨ÔÈÏ‚¯Ó ∂∞Æ≤≤∏≠≤≤∑ ßÓÚ ¨‰„ÈÏÒ ˙ÂÏÚÙ˙‰ ¨Ò‰ ∂±

Æ≤≤π≠≤≤∏ ßÓÚ ¨‰„ÈÏÒ ˙ÂÏÚÙ˙‰ ¨Ï¢‰ ª∂∞ ßÓÚ ¨Ï‡˘Ï ‡Ï ¨Ò‰ ª±≤π ßÓÚ ¨ÔȘˆÂ˜¯˜–ʯ ∂≤Æ≤∑≠≤∂ ßÓÚ ¨Â‚· Ìȯ·„ ¨ÌÂÏ˘ ∂≥

3_Pe110_ Huss_2 10.06.2007, 07:3523

Ò‰ ÊÚ· | 24

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3_Pe110_ Huss_2 10.06.2007, 07:3524

25 | ‰Ï·˜‰ Ï˘ ‰Èˆ˜ÈÙÈËÒÈÓ‰

˙‡ ˘È‚„‰ ‡Â‰ ˙‡Ê ÌÚ Æ˙ÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ ‰ÚÙÂ˙Î ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ‰ÒÈÙ˙‰ ˙‡ ¯ÂӇΠıÓȇ ÌÂÏ˘˙¯ÂÒÓ ˙ÈÈ·‰ Ì˘Ï ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‰È¯Â‚˘· ˘Ó˙˘‰Â ¨˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ È„ÂÁÈȉ ˷ȉ‰˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙‡ ¯‡È˙ ÌÂÏ˘ ÆÌÈÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ‰ ‰È˷ȉ· ÔÈÈÚ ÍÂ˙Ó ‡Ï ˙È„Â‰È ˙ÈËÒÈÓÌ‚ ͇ ¨ß˙ȯÂËÒȉ‰ ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ˙¯‚ÒÓß· ˙ÏÚÂÙ‰ ¨ßÌÈÈ‚¯Â‡ ˙ÂÁ˙Ù˙‰ ÈÂÂ˜ß ˙ÏÚ· ‰ÚÙÂ˙Î˙ÂÏÎȉ‰ ˙˜ÈËÒÈÓ ∫˙È˘χȄ‰ ‰˙ÂÁ˙Ù˙‰· ˙Âȯ˜ÈÚ ˙ÂÙ˜˙ ˘˘ ‰Ó ¨‰ÓÓ ˙Ï„·‰ÓÎÒ ∂¥Æ˙„ÈÒÁ‰Â ˙‡˙·˘‰ ¨È¢¯‡‰ ˙Ï·˜ ¨˙È„¯ÙÒ‰ ‰Ï·˜‰ ¨Ê΢‡ ˙„ÈÒÁ ¨‰·Î¯Ó‰Â˙¯‡Â˙Ó ¨ßÔÓÁ ߯ ȯÂÙÈÒßÏ Â˙Ó„˜‰· ¯·Â· ‚Ȉ‰˘ ÂÊ ÏÚ ‰·¯ ‰„ÈÓ· ¯ÂӇΠ˙ÒÒ·Ӊ ¨ÂÊMajor Trends in Jewish© ß˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ· ÌÈȯ˜ÈÚ ÌÈÓ¯Êß ÈÒϘ‰ ¯ÙÒ· ‰·Á¯‰·‰Ï·˜‰ ¯˜ÁÓ Ï˘ ÔÂÎÓ‰ ¯ÙÒÏ ÍÙ‰˘Â ¨±π¥± ˙˘· ‰Â˘‡¯Ï ¯Â‡ ‰‡¯˘ ¨®Mysticism˙‡ ‰· ‰‡¯ ‡Â‰ — ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓÏ ÈËÏÂÂÈ·Ó‡ ÒÁÈ ÌÂÏ˘ ˘ ¯·Â·Ï ‰Ó„· Æȯ„ÂÓ‰¨˙ÂÈ˙¯ÂÒÓ‰ ÂÈ˙¯ˆ· ˙ÂÁÙÏ ¨Â„ȘÙ˙ ˙‡ ÌÈÈÒ˘ ¨˙ÂÏ‚‰ ˙Ù˜˙· ˙„‰È‰ Ï˘ ÈÂÈÁ‰ ÁÂΉ

∂µÆ˙ÈÓ‡ω ‰Ó˜˙‰ ÌÚËÂÈχ ҷÈÏ ‰„Â‰È ¨Ï„ȇ ‰˘Ó Ì˘‡¯·Â ¨ÌÈ¢ Ìȯ˜ÂÁ Â¯Ú¯Ú ÌȯÁ‡‰ ÌÈ¯Â˘Ú·˙„‡ ÏÚ ÂÏ˘ ÏÚ‰–·È˯ ÏÚ ¯˜ÈÚ·Â ÌÂÏ˘ Ï˘ ÂÈ˙Â¯Ú˘‰Ó ÂÈ˙ÂÁ‰Ó ˙·¯ ÏÚ ¨ÔÂÒÙωÈÊȯ‰ ˙¯‚ÒÓ· ∂∂Æ˙ȯÂËÒȉ‰ ‰˙ÚÙ˘‰Â ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ˙È˘χȄ‰ ˙ÂÁ˙Ù˙‰‰ÈÙÎ ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ˙È‚ÂϯΉ ˙¯‚ÒÓ‰ ‰ˆ¯Ù Âχ Ìȯ˜ÂÁ ÂÚȈ‰˘ ˙ȯ˜ÁÓ‰ÂÁÙÂÒ ¨Ï¢ÊÁ ˙¯ÙÒ ˙ȇ¯˜Ó‰ ˙¯ÙÒ‰ ̉·Â ¨ÌÈÙÒ ÌÈÓÂÁ˙ ¨ÌÂÏ˘Â ¯·Â· È„È ÏÚ ‰ËË¯Â˘˘Ï˘ ˙ÂÎÓ‰ ‰È¯Â‚˘‰ ÏÚ Â¯Ú¯Ú ‡Ï ̉ȄÈÓÏ˙ ‰Ï‡ Ìȯ˜ÂÁ Ìχ ∂∑ƉϷ˜‰ ¯˜ÁÓ ‰„˘Ï∂∏Æ˙ÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ ˙ÈÁ¯ ‰ÚÙÂ˙ Ï˘ ÈÓÂ‡Ï ÈÂËÈ·Î ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ‰ÓÂȘ — ‰„˘‰‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙ÒÈÙ˙ ˙‡ ·ˆÈÚ˘ ÈÓ‡ω ·È˯‰ Ï˘ ‰ÈÂÓ‚‰‰ ˙¯گÚ˙‰ ˙·˜Ú· ˙‡Ê ÌÚÌÈÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ‰ ÌÈ˷ȉ‰ ˙‡ ˘È‚„‰Ï ‰Ó‚Ó ÌÂÈÎ ¯˜ÁÓ· ˙¯ÎÈ ¨ÂÈ„ÈÓÏ˙ ÌÂÏ˘ Ï˘ ˙Ȅ‰ȉ

∂πÆ‰Ï˘ È˙‡Â¢‰Â È‚ÂÏÂÓÂÙ ¯˜ÁÓ· ˜ÂÒÚÏ ¨˙Ȅ‰ȉ ˙ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ˙¯ÂÒÓ‰ Ï˘˙ÂÙ˜˙Ó ¨˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ Ï˘ ·Á¯ ÔÂÂ‚Ó ¯Â‡È˙Ï ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‚˘ÂÓ· ‰Ï·˜‰ ȯ˜ÂÁ Ï˘ ˘ÂÓÈ˘‰Ôȇ ˙·¯ ÌÈÓÚÙ˘ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ ÔÈ· ˙È˙·ÏÓ ‰˜ÈÊ ¯ˆÂÈ ¨˙¢ ˙ÂÈ·¯˙Ó ˙¢ ˙ÂȯÂËÒȉÌÈ„ÓÂÏÓ ÆÌÈÈ˙ÂÚÓ˘Ó — ÌÈÈ˙¯ÙÒ Â‡ ÌÈȯÂËÒȉ ¨ÌÈÈÙ¯‚‡‚ — ÌÈÈ˯˜Â˜ Ìȯ˘˜ Ô‰ÈÈ·ÏÚ ¨‰Ï·˜‰ ÏÚ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‰È¯Â‚˘‰ ˙‡ ¯ÂӇΠÂÏÈÁ‰ Ìȯ˘Ú‰ ‰‡Ó‰ ˙È˘‡¯· ÌÈ„Â‰È Ìȯ˜ÂÁ‰˙È˘‡¯˘ ¨˙ÈÓÂ‡Ï ˙ÈËÒÈÓ ˙¯ÂÒÓ ˙ÈÈ·‰ ˙¯‚ÒÓ· ¨˙Ȅ‰ȉ ˙¯ÂÒÓ· ˙¯Á‡ ˙·¯˙ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ÔÈ·˘ Û‡ Æ®˙ÂÂȈ· — ÌÂÏ˘ ÈÙ ÏÚ ¨È˘χȄ‰ ‰Î˘Ó‰Â© ˙„ÈÒÁ· ‰ÙÂÒ ¨˙ÂÏÎȉ‰ ˙¯ÙÒ·¨˙ÂȯÂËÒȉ ˙˜ÈÊ Ìȯ˘˜ ˘È ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ‰ÓÎÒ· ÂÏÏ΢ ˙¢‰ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙‰Ó ˜ÏÁ

ÆÌÈÈ„ÂÁÈÈ ÌÈÈÈÙ‡Ó ÈÏÚ· ˙¯ÂÒÓÓ Â‡ ̯ÊÓ ˜ÏÁ Ô‰· ˙‡¯Ï ‰˜„ˆ‰ Ì¢ È˙Ú„Ï Ôȇ

Æ≤≥∞ ßÓÚ ¨Ì˘ ∂¥Æχ˘Ï ‡Ï ¨Ò‰ ∂µ

Æ≤¥∏≠≤¥∑ ßÓÚ ¨˘„Á Ô„ÈÚ ¨Ò‰ ªÔÈÈˢ˜ÂÙ ∂∂Æ≥∞ ßÓÚ ¨„ÏÂȯ‚ ∂∑

Æ≤µ≤≠≤¥∏ ßÓÚ ¨˘„Á Ô„ÈÚ ¨Ò‰ ª±≥¥ ßÓÚ ¨ÔȘˆÂ˜¯˜–ʯ ∂∏Æ®Ì˘© Ò‰ ª®Ì˘© ÔȘˆÂ˜¯˜–ʯ ∂π

3_Pe110_ Huss_2 10.06.2007, 07:3525

Ò‰ ÊÚ· | 26

‰È¯ÂËÒȉ· ˙¢ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ ÔÈ· ˜¯ ‡Ï ˙È˙·ÏÓ ‰˜ÈÊ ¯ˆÂÈ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‰È¯Â‚˘· ˘ÂÓÈ˘‰˙ÂÈ·¯˙· ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙Ï ˙ÂÈ„Â‰È ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ ˙¯ÂÒÓ ˙˜È˘¯Ù ÔÈ· Û‡ ‡Ï‡ ¨˙Ȅ‰ȉ˙ÂÈ‚ÂÏÂÓÂÙ ˙„Â˙Ó· ˘ÂÓÈ˘‰Â ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ‰ ˷ȉ‰ ˙˘‚„‰ Æ˙¯Á‡˙¯ÂÒÓ· ˙¢‰ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙‰ ÔÈ·˘ „ÂÚ· Æ˙¯Á‡‰ ÌÈ˘· ÌÈÁ¯ ÌÈÎω ‰¯˜ÁÓ· ˙¢ÓÂ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙‰ ÔÈ· ȯ‰ ¨Ô‰˘ÏÎ ˙ÂȯÂËÒȉ ˙˜ÈÊ ·Â¯Ï ˙ÂÓÈȘ ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓÎ ˙‚ÈÂ˙Ó‰ ˙Ȅ‰ȉ˙„ÓÂÚ˘ Ìȯ˜ÂÁ‰ Ï˘ ‰Á‰‰ ËÚÓÏ ¯˘˜ Ì¢ ·Â¯Ï Ôȇ ‰Ê ÁÂÓ· ˙‚ÈÂ˙Ó‰ ˙ÂÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ‰Ô‰ ¯ÂӇΠ˙Ù˙Â˘Ó ÂÊ ‰Á‰ Æ˙ÈË„ˆÒ¯Ë ˙Â‡ÈˆÓ ÌÚ ˘‚ÙÓ Ï˘ ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ ˙ÂÈÂÂÁ Ô„ÂÒÈ·‰ÈÁ·Ó Æ˘„Á‰ Ô„ÈÚ‰ ˙ÂÚÂ˙Ï Ô‰Â ‰Â¢Ӊ ˙Â˙„‰ ¯˜ÁÓÏ Ô‰ ¨˙¢ ˙ÂȯËÂʇ ˙ÂÚÂ˙Ï— ÏÏη ˙Â˙„‰ Ï˘ ‰Â¢Ӊ ¯˜ÁÓ‰ ÂÓÎ — ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ È‚ÂÏÂÓÂÙ‰ ¯˜ÁÓ‰ ÂÊ

∑∞Æ˙Ù˙Â˘Ó ˙È‚Âχ„ȇ ˙¯‚ÒÓ· ÌÈÏÚÂÙ ˘„Á‰ Ô„ÈÚ‰ ˙ÂÚÂ˙‚˘ÂÓ· ¢Ó˙˘‰ ‡Ï ÌÏÂÚÓ ¯ÂӇ΢ ¨ÌÓˆÚ ÌȄ‰ȉ ßÌȇ˜ÈËÒÈÓ߉˘ ÔÈÈˆÏ ˘È˙Âȯ˘„‰Â ˙˜È˘¯Ù‰ ÔÈ· ÔÂÈÓ„ ˙·¯ ÌÈÓÚ٠‡¯ ‡Ï ¨Â· ‡ˆÂÈÎ ¯Á‡ ‚˘ÂÓ· ‡ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‡ˆÓ ‡Ï˘ ‰ÓΠ‰ÓÎ ˙Á‡ ÏÚ Æ˙¯Á‡ ˙ÂÏÂÎÒ‡Ó ÌÈ„Â‰È Ìȇ˜ÈËÒÈÓ Ï˘ Âχ ÔÈ·Ï Ì‰Ï˘Â‡¯ ̉ ˙·¯ ÌÈÓÚÙ ̆¨˙¯Á‡ ˙ÂÈ·¯˙· Ìȇ˜ÈËÒÈÓ Ï˘ ÂÏ‡Ï Ì‰Ï ̆˙˜È˘¯Ù‰ ÔÈ· ÔÂÈÓ„ÌÈȘ˘ ®˘„Á‰ Ô„ÈÚ‰ ˙ÂÚÂ˙ Ï˘Â© ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ȯ˜ÂÁ Ï˘ Ì˙ÚË ÂÊ ‰ÈÁ·Ó Ɖ¯Ê ‰„Â·Ú Ô‰·ÌÈ¢ ÌÈÈÂËÈ· Ô‰˘Â ¨˙¢‰ ˙ÂÈ·¯˙· ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ ˙ÂÂÎÓ‰ ˙Âȯ˘„‰Â ˙˜È˘¯Ù‰ ÔÈ· ÔÂÈÓ„¯˜ÁÓ‰ ȇ˘ÂÓ Ï˘ ˙ÈÓˆÚ‰ ‰Ú„Â˙Ï ÛȯÁ „‚ȷ ˙„ÓÂÚ ¨˙ÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ ˙ÈËÒÈÓ ‰ÈÂÂÁ Ï˘

ÆÌ‰Ï˘ ÌÈίډ ÌÏÂÚ· ˙˘‚˙ÓÂ Ì‰Ï˘‰˜ÈÊ ÏÎ Ô‰ÈÈ· Ôȇ˘ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ ÔÈ· È˙·ÏÓ ÔÙ‡· ¯˘˜Ó ˜¯ ‡Ï ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ¯˜ÁÆÂÓÈȘ˙‰Â ¯ˆÂ ÌÎÂ˙·˘ ÌÈÈ˘ÓÓ‰ Ìȯ˘˜‰‰Ó Âχ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ ˜˙Ï ‰Ë ۇ ‡Ï‡ ¨˙È˘ÓÓ˙¯‚ÒÓ· ˙ÂÓÈȘ˙Ó ˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ ˙ÂÂÎÓ‰ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙‰˘ ÌÈÓÈÎÒÓ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ȯ˜ÂÁ ˙È·¯Ó˙ÈËÒÈÓ ‰ÈÂÂÁ Ï˘ ÈÂËÈ· Ô‰ ‰Ï‡ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙˘ ‰Úˉ ͇ ¨˙ÂÈÙȈÙÒ ˙ÂÈ˙¯·Á ˙ÂȯÂËÒȉ¨˙ÂÈ‚ÂÏÂÓÂÙ ˙ÂÈ˙‡Â¢‰ ˙„Â˙Ó ˙ÂÚˆÓ‡· ‡È‰ Ô˙‡ ¯Â˜ÁÏ Í¯„‰˘Â ¨˙ÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ∑±ÆÈËÈÏÂى È˙¯·Á‰ ÔÈÈÙ‡ ˘ÂˢËÏ ÌÈȯÂËÒȉ‰ ԉȯ˘˜‰Ó ‰Ï‡ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ ˜Â˙ÈÏ ˙ӯ‚¯˜ÁÓ Ï˘ „„ȷÏ ˜Â˙ÈÏ Ì‚ ˙ӯ‚ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ˙È˙‰Ӊ ‰ÒÈÙ˙‰ ¨ÔÎ ÏÚ ¯˙È˙Âȯ˜ÁÓ‰ ˙ÂÓ‚Ó‰ ÔÓ — ÏÏη ˙„‰Â ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ¯˜ÁÓÏ ‰Ó„· — ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰

∑≤Ɖ¯·Á‰Â Á¯‰ ÈÚ„Ó· ˙¯Á‡ ˙ÂÈÏÙȈÒÈ„· ˙ÂÁ¯‰‚˘ÂÓ ÏÚ ˙ÂÒÒ·Ӊ ˙Âȯ˜ÁÓ ˙Âȯ‚˘ Ô‰ ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈӉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ¨ÌÂÎÈÒÏÌÊÈχȯÙÓȇ‰ ˙¯‚ÒÓ· ˙ÂȯˆÂ–˙ÂÈÙ¯ȇ ‡Ï ˙ÂÈ·¯˙ ÏÚ ÏÁ‰ ‰Ê ‚˘ÂÓ ªÈ¯ˆÂ È‚Âχ˙ÌÈ‚˘ÂÓ· ˙ÂÈ·¯ÚÓ ‡Ï ˙ÂÈÓÂ‡Ï ˙ÂÈÂ‰Ê ˙ÈÈ·‰ ˙¯‚ÒÓ·Â ¨·¯ÚÓ‰ Ï˘ ÌÊÈχÈÂϘ‰Â

Æ≤µ≤≠≤µ± ßÓÚ ¨®Ì˘© Ò‰ ∑∞ÆÏÏη ˙„‰ ¯˜Á ˙‡ ‡Ï‡ ¨‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ¯˜Á ˙‡ ˜ ̄‡Ï ˙ÈÈÙ‡Ó ÂÊ ‰˘È‚ Æ≤¥π ßÓÚ ¨®Ì˘© Ò‰ ª≤¥ ßÓÚ ¨‚Ș ∑±

Ƶ∂≠µµ ßÓÚ ¨‰ÈÏÙȈÒÈ„‰ ¨Ï¢‰ ªπ ßÓÚ ¨˙„‰ ˙˘Â¯Á ¨ÔÂßˆË˜Ó ª≤∏ ßÓÚ ¨„Ò‡ ∫‡¯Æµ± ßÓÚ ¨‰È‚Âχ„ȇ‰ ¨„ϯ߂ˆÈÙ ª≤± ßÓÚ ¨˙„‰ ˙˘Â¯Á ¨Ï¢‰ ∫Ì‚ ‡¯Â ª®Ì˘© ‰ÈÏÙȈÒÈ„‰ ¨ÔÂßˆË˜Ó ∑≤˙ÂÈÈȘ»Ù ˙ÂÈχÈÂϘ–ËÒÂÙ ¨˙ÂÈËÒÈÒ˜¯Ó–‡ ˙ÂÈ˙¯Â˜È· ˙Âȯ‡˙Ó ‰Ï·˜ ȯ˜ÂÁ Ï˘ Ì˙ÂÓÏÚ˙‰ ÏÚ

Æ≤¥∑ ßÓÚ ¨˘„Á Ô„ÈÚ ¨Ò‰ ∫‡¯

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27 | ‰Ï·˜‰ Ï˘ ‰Èˆ˜ÈÙÈËÒÈÓ‰

˙ÂÈ·¯˙· ˙˜È˘¯Ù ˙Âȯ˘„ ¨ÌÈËÒ˜Ë ¨˙¯ÂÒÓ Ï˘ ÍÂÈ˘‰ ÆÌÈÈÙ¯ȇ ÌÈÈÂÂÈү˜ÒÈ„‰ÈÂÂÁ‰ Ï˘ ˙ÂÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ‰ ¯·„· ˙È‚Âχ˙ ‰Á‰ ÏÚ ÒÒÂ·Ó ¨‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‰È¯Â‚Ë˜Ï ˙¢Ô˙‡ ˜˙Ó ˙È˘ÓÓ ‰˜ÈÊ Ô‰ÈÈ· Ôȇ˘ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙ ÔÈ· ˙È˙·ÏÓ ‰˜ÈÊ ¯ˆÂÈ ‡Â‰Â ¨˙ÈËÒÈÓ‰˙‚ÈÂ˙Ó‰ ˙‚Ӊ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙Ï ÆÂÓÈȘ˙‰Â ¯ˆÂ ̉·˘ ÌÈÈ˙¯·Á‰Â ÌÈȯÂËÒȉ‰ Ìȯ˘˜‰‰ÓÍ‡Â Ô‰Ï ˙ÂÙ˙¢Ӊ ˙ÂÂÎ˙ ‡ ‰ÂÎ˙ Ì¢ Ôȇ ˯ٷ ˙È„Â‰È ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ÏÏη ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ÁÂÓ·ÌÈÈ„ÂÁÈȉ ¯˜ÁÓ ˙„˘ ÌÂȘ ‡ Ô‰Ï˘ ¯˜ÁÓÏ ˙ÂÈ„ÂÁÈÈ ˙„Â˙Ó· ˘ÂÓÈ˘ ˙˜ȄˆÓ‰Â ¨Ô‰Ï ˜¯Â˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ¯˜ÁÓ‰ ÌÂÁ˙· ÌÈÏÏΉ ˙˜È˘¯Ù‰Â ˙¯ÂÒÓ‰ ¨ÌÈËҘˉ ˙‡ ÆÔ‰Ï˙¯Á‡ ˙ÂÚÙÂ˙Ï Ì˙‡Â¢‰ ÍÓÒ ÏÚ ¨˙ÈÏÒ¯ÂÂȇ ˙È˙„ ‰ÚÙÂ˙ Ï˘ ÌÈÈÂËÈ·Î ¯Â˜ÁÏ ÔȇÌÈÈ˙¯·Á‰ ¨ÌÈȯÂËÒȉ‰ Ìȯ˘˜‰· ÌÈ‚ÂÚÓ‰ ˙·¯˙ ȯˆÂ˙Î ‡Ï‡ ¨‰Ê ÁÂÓ· ˙‚ÈÂ˙Ó‰˙‡Â ˙È„Â‰È ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ‰È¯Â‚˘‰ ˙‡ Ì‚ È˙Ú„Ï ¯Â˜ÁÏ ˘È ͯ„ ‰˙‡· ƯˆÂ ̉·˘ ÌÈÈËÈÏÂÙ‰Â

ƉÓÂȘ ˙Á‰ ÏÚ ÒÒ·Ӊ ¯˜ÁÓ‰ ‰„˘ Ï˘ ˙ÂÈËÈÏÂى ˙ÂÈ˙¯·Á‰ ˙ÂÈÂÚÓ˘Ó‰

¨ÔȯÙÏ‚ ȯÓÚ¨ÔÓ‡· ˙„„·˙‰

ÆÊ¢Ò˘˙ ‰˘‰ ˘‡¯˙·Ȅ‡· ÌÂÏȈ‰

ÔÓ‡‰

3_Pe110_ Huss_2 10.06.2007, 07:3527

Ò‰ ÊÚ· | 28

ÌÈÈÙ¯‚ÂÈÏ·È· ÌȯˆȘ

Moshe Idel, ‘Academic Studies of Kabbalah in Israel, 1923≠1998: AShort ÌÈÈÓ„˜‡ ÌÈ„ÂÓÈÏ ¨Ï„ȇSurvey’, Studia Judaica 8 (1999), pp. 91≠114·È·‡–Ï˙ ÌÈÏ˘Â¯È ¨··Ï–¯· χȯ·‡ Ì‚¯˙ ¨ÌÈ˘„Á ÌÈ˷ȉ ∫‰Ï·˜ ¨Ï„ȇ ‰˘Ó ‰Ï·˜ ¨Ï„ȇ

‚¢˘˙±µ ÌÈÈÙχ ¨ß˙È„Â‰È ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ· ÌÈÂÈÚ ∫˙¯ÈÁ‰ Ï˘ ˙¢‰ ‰ÈÙß ¨¯Â‡Èχ ÏÁ¯ ¯Â‡Èχ

±±π≠π ßÓÚ ¨®Á¢˘˙©Gil Anidjar, ‘Jewish Mysticism Alterable and Unalterable: On Orienting ¯ß‚„ȇKabbalah Studies and the Zohar of Christian Spain’, Jewish Social Studies3 (1996), pp. 89≠157Talal Asad, Genealogies of Religion: Discipline and Reasons of Power „Ò‡in Christianity and Islam, Baltimore & London 1993William E.Arnal, ‘Definition’, Willie Braun & Russel T. McCutcheon (eds.), ϯ‡Guide to the Study of Religion, London & New York 2000, pp. 21≠35Martin Buber, Die Geschichten des Rabbi Nachman5, Frankfurt a.M. ¯·Â·1920Louis Bouyer, ‘Mysticism:An Essay on the History of the Word’, Richard ‰È·Woods (ed.), Understanding Mysticism, London 1981, pp. 42≠55Jacques Basnage, The History of the Jews from Jesus Christ to the Present ßÊ·Times, London 1708Ernst Benz, The Mystical Sources of German Romantic Philosophy, ı·Allison Park, Pa. 1983Willie Braun, ‘Religion’, Willie Braun & Russel T. McCutcheon (eds.), Ô‡¯·Guide to the Study of Religion, London & New York 2000, pp. 3≠21Jonathan Garb, ‘“Mystics” Critiques of Mystical Experience’, Revue de ˙¯˜ȷ ¨·¯‡‚l’histoire des Religions 221 (2004), pp. 293≠325˙Ï·˜ „Ú Ï¢ÊÁ ˙¯ÙÒÓ ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ· ÁÂΉ Ï˘ ÂÈ˙ÂÚÙ‰ ¨·¯‡‚ Ô˙ÂÈ ÁÂΉ ¨·¯‡‚

‰¢Ò˘˙ ÌÈÏ˘Â¯È ¨˙ÙˆRufus M. Jones, Studies in Mystical Religion, New York 1909 ÒÂß‚

‡¢È˘˙ ÌÈÏ˘Â¯È ¨· ¨Ô„¯Â‚ „¢‡ È·˙Î Ô„¯Â‚¨ıÈ·ÈÏÙ˜ ·˜ÚÈ Ì‚¯˙ ¨Ì„‡‰ Ú·Ë· ¯˜ÁÓ ∫‰È‚ÂÒÏ ˙È˙„‰ ‰ÈÈÂÂÁ‰ ¨ÒÓÈÈß‚ ̇ÈÏÈ ÒÓÈÈß‚

Ë¢È˘˙ ÌÈÏ˘Â¯È ¨Ï‡ÂÓ˘ Ô·‡ ‰„Â‰È ˙ÎȯڷRobert M. Gimello, ‘Mysticism and its Contexts’, Steven Katz (ed.), ÂÏÓÈ‚Mysticism and Religious Traditions, Oxford 1983, pp. 170≠199Jerome Gellman, Mystical Experience of God: A Philosophical Inquiry, ÔÓÏ‚Aldershot 2001Ithamar Gruenwald, ‘Reflections on the Nature and Origins of Jewish „ÏÂȯ‚Mysticism’, Peter Schäfer & Joseph Dan (eds.), Gershom Scholem’s MajorTrends in Jewish Mysticism: 50 Years after, Tübingen 1993, pp. 25≠49Michel De Certeau, The Mystic Fable, I, London 1992 ÂË¯Ò ‰„Daniel Dubuisson, The Western Construction of Religion, Baltimore 2003 ÔÂÒȷ„Louis K. Dupree, Transcendent Selfhood: The Loss and Recovery of the ‰¯Ù„Inner Life, New York 1976‰˜È˙Ú‰ ˙Ú‰ ÔÓ ¨˙ÂÓÂÏÁ ˙ÂÂÈÊÁ ¨˙ÂÈËÒÈÓ ˙ÂÈÂÂÁ ¯Á·Ó ∫ÔÈÈÚӉ ·Ï‰ ¨Ô„ ÛÒÂÈ ÔÈÈÚӉ ·Ï‰ ¨Ô„

≤∞∞µ ÌÈÏ˘Â¯È ¨ÂÈÓÈ „ÚÊ¢˘˙ ÌÈÏ˘Â¯È ¨‰˘Â„˜‰ ÏÚ ¨— ‰˘Â„˜‰ ÏÚ ¨Ô„

Jess Byron Hollenback, Mysticism: Experience, Response, and ˜·Ï‰Empowerment, University Park, Pa. 1996

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29 | ‰Ï·˜‰ Ï˘ ‰Èˆ˜ÈÙÈËÒÈÓ‰

Boaz Huss, ‘Admiration and Disgust: The Ambivalent Re-Canonization ‰„ÈÏÒ ˙ÂÏÚÙ˙‰ ¨Ò‰of the Zohar in the Modern Period’, Howard Kreisel (ed.), Study andKnowledge in Jewish Thought, Beer Sheva 2006, pp. 203≠237˙· ˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ¯˜Á ÌÂÏ˘ Ì˘¯‚ ∫˙Âχ˘ ÏΠχ˘Ï ‡Ïß ¨Ò‰ ÊÚ· χ˘Ï ‡Ï ¨Ò‰

∑≤≠µ∑ ßÓÚ ¨®‚¢Ò˘˙© πµ≠π¥ ÌÈÓÚÙ ¨ßÂÈÓȉ˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ Ï˘ ‰È‚Âχ‚‰Â ÔÓÁ È·¯ ȯÂÙÈÒÏ ¯·Â· ÔÈË¯Ó Ï˘ Â˙Ó„˜‰ß ¨— ˙È„Â‰È ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ¨Ò‰

®‰Î‰·© ß˙Ȅ‰ȉ¨®≤∞∞µ© ≤∑ ˙¯Â˜È·Â ‰È¯Â‡È˙ ¨ß˙Ȅ‰ȉ ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ¯˜ÁÓ· ˘„Á Ô„ÈÚß ¨— ˘„Á Ô„ÈÚ ¨Ò‰

≤µ≥≠≤¥∂ ßÓÚÌÈÏ˘Â¯È ¨¯‰ÂÊ· ˙ÈËÒÈÓ‰ ‰ÈÂÂÁ‰ ˙Ù˘ ÏÚ ∫Ô„ÚÓ ‡ˆÂÈ ¯‰Â ¨„˘‡–¯Ï‰ ‰ÏÈÏÓ „˘‡–¯Ï‰

‰¢Ò˘˙Wouter Hanegraaff, New Age Religion and Western Culture: Esotericism Û¯‚‰in the Mirror of Secular Thought, Albany 1998Elliot R. Wolfson, Through a Speculum that Shines: Vision and Imagination ÔÂÒÙÏÂÂin Medieval Jewish Mysticism, Princeton 1994¨˙ÈÏ‚¯Ó–ÔÓχ ‰„Ú ‰Ó‚¯˙ ¨˙ÂÈÙÂÒÂÏÈÙ ˙¯ȘÁ ¨ÔÈÈˢ‚ËÈ ‚È„ÂÏ ÔÈÈˢ‚ËÈÂ

‰¢˘˙ ÌÈÏ˘Â¯ÈPeter van der Veer, Imperial Encounters: Religion and Modernity in India ¯È ¯„ ÔÂand Britain, Princeton 2001Steven M. Wasserstrom, Religion after Religion: Gershom Scholem, ̯ËÒ¯ÒÂMircea Eliade, and Henry Corbin at Eranos, Princeton 1999

±πππ ·È·‡–Ï˙ ¨ÛȘӉ Íȯ„Ó‰ ∫ÌÈχ¯˘È ÌȘÈËÒÈÓ ±∞± ¨ÔÁ ÏÚÈ ÔÁAdolph Jellinek, Auswahl Kabbalisticher Mystik, I, Leipzig 1853 ˜ÈÏÈGrace M. Jantzen, Power, Gender and Christian Mysticism, Cambridge, ÔˆÈNew York & Melbourne 1997Steven Katz, ‘The Conservative Character of Mystical Experience’, idem È¯Ó˘‰ ÈÙ‡‰ ¨ı¢Î(ed.), Mysticism and Religious Traditions, Oxford 1983, pp. 3≠60— (ed.), Mysticism and Religious Traditions, Oxford 1983 ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ¨ı¢Î

˙ÂÈ˙„ ˙¯ÂÒÓ— (ed.), Mysticism and Philosophical Analysis, London 1978 ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ¨ı¢Î

ÈÙÂÒÂÏÈÙ ÁÂ˙È—¨ ‘Language, Epistemology, and Mysticism’, Steven Katz (ed.), ‰Ù˘ ¨ı¢ÎMysticism and Philosophical Analysis, London 1978, pp. 22≠74ßÓÚ ¨≤∞Ʊ∞Æ≤∞∞∂ ¨Ê¢Ò˘˙ ȯ˘˙· Á¢Î ¨Ô¢‡¯ ¯Â˜Ó ¨Á¯ ˙ÂÈÁ¯ ¨Ò·ÈÏ ‰„Â‰È Ò·ÈÏ

∑≠∂Franz Joseph Molitor, Philosophie der Geschichte, oder über die Tradition, ¯ÂËÈÏÂÓFrankfurt a.M. 1827Peter Moore, ‘Mystical Experience, Mystical Doctrine, Mystical ¯ÂÓTechnique’, Steven Katz (ed.), Mysticism and Philosophical Analysis,London 1978, pp. 101≠131ˢȉ ‰‡Ó‰ ‰ÙÓ Ï˘ ‰˜ÈË˙Ò‡‰ ∫‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ˙ÂÈÏËÈÈ¯Â‡ß ¨¯ÂÏÙ–Ò„Ó ÏÂÙ ¯ÂÏÙ–Ò„Ó∂∏±≠∂≤≥ ßÓÚ ¨®„¢Ó˘˙© ‚ χ¯˘È ˙·˘ÁÓ· ÌÈÏ˘Â¯È È¯˜ÁÓ ¨ß˙Ȅ‰ȉ ˙‰ʉÂBernard McGinn, The Foundations of Mysticism, New York 1991 ÔÈ‚˜ÓRussel T. McCutcheon, The Discipline of Religion: Structure, Meaning, ‰ÈÏÙȈÒÈ„‰ ¨ÔÂ߈˘ÓRhetoric, London & New York 2003—¨ Manufacturing Religion, New York & Oxford 1997 ˙„‰ ˙˘Â¯Á ¨ÔÂ߈˘ÓAndrew M. McKinnon, ‘Sociological Definitions, Language Games and ÔÂȘÓthe “Essence” of Religion’, Method & Theory in the Study of Religion14 (2002), pp. 61≠83

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∫˙„ÈÒÁ‰ Ï˘ ÌÈ¢‡¯‰ ‰È˙¯„· ‰·˘ÁӉ ˙„‰ ÈÈÁ ˙ÓÙ‰ß ¨ÔÈÏ‚¯Ó Ô¯ ‰ÓÙ‰ ¨ÔÈÏ‚¯Ó˙ȯ·Ú‰ ‰ËÈÒ¯·È‡‰ ¨¯Â˘„ ˙„Â·Ú ¨ßÌÈÈ‚ÂÏÂÓËÒÈÙ‡‰ ‰ÈÒÈÒ·Â ‰È˙¯˜Ó

Ë¢˘˙ ¨ÌÈÏ˘Â¯È·˙È˘‡¯· ÌÈÈÓÈÙ‰ ˙„‰ ÈÈÁ ·ÂˆÈÚ ˙È˙„‰ ‰ÓÙ‰‰ ∫Ì„‡ ˘„˜Ó ¨— Ì„‡ ˘„˜Ó ¨ÔÈÏ‚¯Ó

‰¢Ò˘˙ ÌÈÏ˘Â¯È ¨˙„ÈÒÁ‰Benson Saler, Conceptualizing Religion: Immanent Anthropologists, ¯ÏÒTranscendent Natives, and Unbounded Categories, New York & Oxford1993Jonathan Z. Smith, Imagining Religion: From Babylon to Jonestown, ˙ÈÓÒChicago 1982Ninian Smart, The Phenomenon of Religion, London 1973 ˯ÓÒ˙ÂÈÏÙȈÒÈ„ ÏÂÓÏ ‰È¯ÂËÒȉ ∫ÌÈÁÂÁ‰ ÔÈ· χ¯˘È ˙„ÏÂ˙ß ¨ÔÈÈˢ˜ÂÙ ÒÂÓÚ ÔÈÈˢ˜ÂÙ

≥¥∑≠≥≥µ ßÓÚ ¨®‰¢˘˙© Ò ÔÂȈ ¨ß˙¯Á‡Michel Foucault, Politics, Philosophy, Culture: Interviews and other ˜ÂÙWritings, 1977≠1984, New York & London 1988Robert K.C. Forman, Mysticism, Mind, Consciousness, Albany 1999 ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ¨ÔÓ¯ÂÙ—¨ (ed.), The Problem of Pure Consciousness, Mysticism and Philosophy, ‰¯Â‰Ë ‰Ú„Â˙ ¨ÔÓ¯ÂÙNew York & Oxford 1990Timothy Fitzgerald, ‘Religion, Philosophy and Family Resemblances’, ˙„ ¨„ϯ߂ˆÈÙReligion 26 (1996), pp. 215≠236—¨ The Ideology of Religious Studies, New York 2000 ‰È‚Âχ„ȇ‰ ¨„ϯ߂ˆÈÙ—¨ ‘Playing Language Games and Performing Rituals: Religious Studies ‰Ù˘ ȘÁ˘Ó ¨„ϯ߂ˆÈÙIdeological State Apparatus’, Method & Theory 15 (2003), pp. 209≠254Hans H. Penner, ‘The Mystical Illusion’, Steven Katz (ed.), Mysticism ¯Ùand Religious Traditions, Oxford 1983, pp. 89≠116Adolph Frank, La Kabbale ou philosophie religieuse des hebreux, Paris ˜¯Ù1843Partha Chatterjee, The Nation and its Fragments: Colonial and Èß‚¯Ë߈Postcolonial Histories, Princeton 1993Richard King, Orientalism and Religion: Postcolonial Theory, India and ‚ȘThe Mystic East, London & New York 1999Jeremny Carrette & Richard King, Selling Spirituality: The Silent Takeover ‚Ș ˯˜of Religion, London & New York 2005Ȅ‰È ˙ÈÂȈ‰ ‰ÈÙ¯‚ÂȯÂËÒȉ‰ ∫˙ÂÏ‚‰ Ï˘ ÈÓ‡ω ‰‚ˆÈÈß ¨ÔȘˆÂ˜¯˜–ʯ ÔÂÓ‡ ÔȘˆÂ˜¯˜–ʯ

Ê¢˘˙ ¨·È·‡–Ï˙ ˙ËÈÒ¯·È‡ ¨¯Â˘„ ˙„Â·Ú ¨ßÌÈÈÈ·‰ ÈÓÈȯ˜ÁÓ© È˙¯Â˜È· ÁÂ˙È ∫ÌÂÏ˘ Ì¢¯‚ ÈÙÏ ˙„‰È ‰˜ÈËÒÈÓ ¨„ÈÈ·˘ ¯ÊÚÈχ „ÈÈ·˘

‚¢Ó˘˙ ÌÈÏ˘Â¯È ¨®· ÛÒÂÓ ¨Ï‡¯˘È ˙·˘ÁÓ· ÌÈÏ˘Â¯ÈFrits Staal, Exploring Mysticism: A Methodological Essay, Berkeley & Ï‡Ë˘Los Angeles 1975·È·‡–Ï˙ ¨‡¯ÈÙ ̆̉¯·‡ ˙Îȯڷ ¨‰ÈÈÁ˙ ‰˘¯ÂÓ È˜¯Ù ∫‚· Ìȯ·„ ¨ÌÂÏ ̆Ì˘¯‚ ‚· Ìȯ·„ ¨ÌÂÏ˘

Â¢Ï˘˙Gershom Scholem, Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism3, New York 1974 ÌÈÓ¯Ê ¨ÌÂÏ˘

±π∏∂ ·È·‡–Ï˙ ¨‡¯ÈÙ˘ ̉¯·‡ ˙Îȯڷ ¨¯·„ „ÂÚ ¨— ¯·„ „ÂÚ ¨ÌÂÏ˘Robert H. Sharf, ‘Experience’, Mark C. Taylor (ed.), Critical Terms for Û¯˘Religious Studies, Chicago & London 1998, pp. 94≠116

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