第十章 卤 代 烃 ( 8 学时)
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第十章 卤 代 烃 ( 8 学时). 10.1 卤代烃的分类和命名法 10.2 卤代烃的制法 10.3 卤代烃的物理性质 10.4 卤代烷的化学性质 10.5 亲核取代和消除的反应机理 10.6 卤代烯烃和卤代芳烃 10.7 重要的卤代烃. 本章教学要求. 掌握卤代烃的分类和命名法; 掌握卤代烃的制法; 了解卤代烃的物理性质; 掌握卤代烷的化学性质; 掌握亲核取代和消除反应机理; 掌握卤代烯烃和卤代芳烃的结构特点和性质; 了解一些重要的卤代烃的性质和用途。. 卤代烃的概念. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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810.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7
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C-BrC-Cl
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10.110.1.1 1.
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10.110.1.1 2CH3CH2Br RXClCH2CH2Cl CH3CHBr2
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10.110.1.1 3(CH3)2CHCH2Cl()CH3CH2CHBrCH3()(CH3)3C-I()
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10.110.1.2 1.:
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10.110.1.2 2. :(1) ,(2) (3)
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10.1
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10.1
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10.13.:,,10.1.2
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10.1 4. (1), 1--2-10.1.2
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10.1 4. (2),, 3131210.1.2
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10.1
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P144----1(1) (CH3)3CCH2Br2,2--1-(2) CH3CCl2CH2CH2CH32,2-(3)CH3(CH2)3CHBrCHClCHF21,1--2--3-(4) CH3CH2C(CH3)2Cl2--2-1--1,3-
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P144----14,4--3--1-(7) BrCH2CH2CHClC(CH3)33--5-3,5-
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P144----2 (1) 1--3-(2) 1--4--1-(3) 1--1-(4)1--2-
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10.210.2.1 1. ,,
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10.210.2.12. -, -
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10.210.2.13. ,
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10.210.2.13. ,
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10.210.2.2 ,
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10.2 ,10.2.2
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10.210.2.3 ,(),
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-Ar-CH2-Cl- Ar-CH2-OH Ar-CH2-OR Ar-CH2-CN Ar-CH2-NH2
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10.210.2.4 (HX) (PX3)(SOCl2)+ZnCl2
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10.210.2.4
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P146----31-2HCl-
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10.310.3.1 ,,: ,
,,,
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10.310.3.1 3. CRI > RBr > RCl4.XCH3ClCH2Cl2CCl4
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P---- 19
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P---- 1
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1.2.3.4.
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10.4 CX CX ()
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10.4CX CFCH CF 439 CH CCl CBr CI KJ/mol 414 339 285 218
CX CH
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, C=C C-IC-BrC-Cl 10.4
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10.4
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10.410.4.1--
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10.41.10.4.1
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10.41. 1NaOH210.4.1
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10.4. RONa10.4.1
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10.4. R-X1RX,R-O-R--10.4.1
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10.4. 10.4.1 qng NCCN 1. 2.(CN) 2 ,() HCN,KCN,NaCN jng RCN(,),, -
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10.4. 10.4.1
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10.4. COOH[CONH2] 10.4.1
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10.4. 10.4.1
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10.4.10.4.1
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10.4.10.4.1
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10.410.4.1
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10.4 5.AgNO3 10.4.1
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10.45.AgNO3: (CH2=CH-CH2X) RIRBr RCl10.4.1
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10.4. 10.4.1
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10.4.10.4.1
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10.410.4.2
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10.410.4.2
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10.410.4.2I()
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10.4.210.4
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10.4.210.4
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(Saytzeff rule) CH 10.4
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(Saytzeff rule)10.4
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(Saytzeff rule)10.4
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10.4
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P151----7CH3-CH=CH-CH=CH-CH3
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10.4.3
(M=NaK) (M=MgLi) (M=Pb,SnHg)10.4
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RMgX 10.410.4.3
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THF10.410.4.3
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RMgX10.410.4.3
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10.410.4.3
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10.410.4.3
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10.410.4.3
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19124110.410.4.3
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P153----8
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P--0
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--
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10.5 CXCX
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SNSN(Substitutional[sbstitju:nl]Nucleophilic[nju:kliufilik]10.5
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10.5LLeaving group
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H2O , NH3 , OH-, RO-, CN- 10.510.5.1
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10.5.1 ,SN -- SN2 -- SN110.5
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1.SN2 80%-20%, (NaOHKOH)SN2 + CH3-Br HO-CH3 +
,SN2 10.5.1Br-10.5
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SN2: 10.5C-BrC-OC-Osp3sp3sp2
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SN2:
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SN2SP3SP2SP310.5
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CH3BrCH3BrOH - SN2 SN210.5
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SN2:1 Nu-L10.5
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2 Walden SN2:10.5RS
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CH3BrOH SN2
SN2
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SN2,sp3sp2sp2sp3SN2
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SN2OHCBrwaldenSN2
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SN2
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2.SN110.5
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SN1
2.SN1:10.5
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SN12.SN110.5
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SN1 10.5
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2.SN1 SN1,(CH3)3C-BrBr-,HO-,,,10.5
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2.SN1 SN110.5
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SN1 1 + SN1sp2 10.5
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2 > SN1 > SN110.5
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SN1 SN1
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T1T2sp2OH 50%)SN110.5
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3.SN SN1SN210.5
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3.SN (1)10.5
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3.SN SN1SN2(1)10.5SN2SN1
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3.SN SN1SN2
(1)10.5SN1SN2
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SN2 r (2)(CH3)3C-Br : 3.SN (1)10.5
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SN2 SN2- C,SN2 SN2
3.SN (1)10.5
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SN2 3.SN 1.5105 - C- C(1)10.5
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3.SN (1) SN1 SN1SN1 SN1
10.5
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3.SN SN1SN1108(1) SN110.5
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SNSN13RX > 2RX > 1RX > CH3XSN2CH3X > 1RX > 2RX > 3RX
SN1SN2
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(2) SN1SN2,C-X(X),, SN1SN2 3.SN 10.5
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(2) I-,Br-,Cl-,,;HO-,RO-,,,, RI>RBr>RCl 3.SN 10.5
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(2) SN1SN2 RO-HO-R-OHRORH+ ROH2+ Br-+ROH RBr+HO- ROH+ H++ Br- RBr+H2O 3.SN 10.5
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P18----1011 1213
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SN2SN1
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10.5.2 (E1)(E2).10.5
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E2HO- E2 eliminate[ilimineit] 10.5.2 1.(E2)10.5
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10.5.21.(E2)E210.5
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10.5.2 1.(E2)R-CH2-CH2-X+OH -R-CH2-CH2-OH +X - OHOHOHE2 OHSN210.5
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10.5.22.(E1) 10.5
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10.5.22.(E1) 10.5
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10.5.22.(E1) (CH3)3C-OH E1SN1-E1SN110.5
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10.5.2 10.5
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SN1E1( SN2E23RX1RX!!!CHCHCXCX
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P160----14
E1
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10.6Xsp2Cl
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p- p- 10.6.110.6
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10.6
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lCH2=CH-Cl,10.6
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10.6.2 p- 10.6
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AgNO3-
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10.6.3 P16110.6
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P----,
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10.7.1 61.2,10.7.2 76.5
10.7
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P- 1 6