Automation and CIM

© Pearson & GNU Su-Jin KimManufacturing Processes

Automation(자동화)

Associate Professor Su-Jin Kim

School of Mechanical EngineeringGyeongsang National University

Automation and CIM

© Pearson & GNU Su-Jin KimManufacturing Processes

Index• Hard Automation• Flexible Automation• NC Control

Automation and CIM

© Pearson & GNU Su-Jin KimManufacturing Processes

Manufacturing Automation• Automation is the process of machines follow a

predetermined sequence of operations with little or no human involvement.

• The major breakthrough in automation is numerical control (NC) of machine tools.

Automation and CIM

© Pearson & GNU Su-Jin KimManufacturing Processes

Hard Automation (고정자동화)• Machines designed to produce a standardized

product, thus specialized and lack flexibility.• Transfer mechanisms and transfer lines used to

move workpiece from one station to another.• High volume, High reliability, High production rates,

High initial investment

Automation and CIM

© Pearson & GNU Su-Jin KimManufacturing Processes

Conveyer

http://ma.gnu.ac.kr/vod/Automatic/Conveyer.MP4

http://ma.gnu.ac.kr/vod/Automatic/Conveyer2.MP4

Automation and CIM

© Pearson & GNU Su-Jin KimManufacturing Processes

Fixturing

• Fixtures are designed for specific purposes• Clamps are simple multifunctional devices• Jigs have reference surfaces and points for

accurate alignment.

Automation and CIM

© Pearson & GNU Su-Jin KimManufacturing Processes

Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)• PLC is a digital computer used for automation of 

electromechanical processes

LS PLC Ladder diagram

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpKhjNK9tW0 Water tank

inputs

outputs

Transport: http://ma.gnu.ac.kr/vod/Automatic/Auto_Transport_PLC.MP4

Automation and CIM

© Pearson & GNU Su-Jin KimManufacturing Processes

Pneumatic automation (공압)• Air valve and air cylinder is controlled by PLC or NC.• Pickup, move, put down.

http://ma.gnu.ac.kr/vod/Automatic/Air_Cylinder.wmv Pneumatic control

Automation and CIM

© Pearson & GNU Su-Jin KimManufacturing Processes

Flexible Automation (유연자동화)

• Programmable automation, Low production rates, medium quantity and varied production batches.

• Numerical Control (NC) is the controlling of the machine components movements by coding into the system.

Automation and CIM

© Pearson & GNU Su-Jin KimManufacturing Processes

Automatic Guide Vehicle (AGV)• AGV is a mobile robot that fallows markers on the

floor.• They move materials around a manufacturing facility.

Air pallet: http://ma.gnu.ac.kr/vod/Automatic/Air_pallet.MP4

Transport: http://ma.gnu.ac.kr/vod/Automatic/Auto_Transport_Laser.MP4

ForkliftAGV

Automation and CIM

© Pearson & GNU Su-Jin KimManufacturing Processes

Industrial robot (산업용로봇)• Robot is reprogrammable multipurpose manipulator 

automatically controlled in three or more axes.• Typical applications of robots include welding, painting, 

assembly, pick and place.

SCARA Articulated Delta

Delta: http://ma.gnu.ac.kr/vod/Automatic/Robot_Parallel.mp4

Automation and CIM

© Pearson & GNU Su-Jin KimManufacturing Processes

Machiningcenter & Terningcenter

• Cutting tool is controlled along the NC data programmed by CAM software and remove material to get precise geometry.

• High precision and stiffness is required.

Automation and CIM

© Pearson & GNU Su-Jin KimManufacturing Processes

Assembly systems

• 3 basic methods of assembly: manual, robotic , high-speed automatic.

Manual

Robotic

Hard automatic

Productivity

Flex

ibili

ty

Automation and CIM

© Pearson & GNU Su-Jin KimManufacturing Processes

NC Control (NC 제어)

Servo motor

Ball screw

LM bearing

Mini-6axis: http://ma.gnu.ac.kr/vod/Automatic/Mini-6axis.mp4

Automation and CIM

© Pearson & GNU Su-Jin KimManufacturing Processes

NC Controler (CNC)

SentrolFanuc

Fanuc: http://ma.gnu.ac.kr/vod/Automatic/CNC_Fanuc_PC.mp4

Automation and CIM

© Pearson & GNU Su-Jin KimManufacturing Processes

Servo drive & motor• Servo drive (서보제어기) & 

Servo moter(서보모터) : Numerical signal is changed to mechanical torque. Rotation angle is feedback to drive. 

LS: http://ma.gnu.ac.kr/vod/Automatic/CNC_LS.mp4

Automation and CIM

© Pearson & GNU Su-Jin KimManufacturing Processes

Ball screw• Ball screw (볼나사) : Changer angular driving motion to 

linear motion

NC-Screw: http://ma.gnu.ac.kr/vod/Automatic/CNC_Fanuc.mp4Rack-pinion: http://ma.gnu.ac.kr/vod/Automatic/Rack_Pinion.mp4

Automation and CIM

© Pearson & GNU Su-Jin KimManufacturing Processes

Stepping servo motor

• Servo control stepping motor and communicate with PC by USB port.

http://ma.gnu.ac.kr/vod/Automatic/Step_Servo_Moter.wmv Step Servo Motor

Automation and CIM

© Pearson & GNU Su-Jin KimManufacturing Processes

LM Bearing (LM Guide)• Linear motion bearing (직선이송가이드): General• Sliding guide(미끄럼가이드): High stiffness, Slow• Hydro static bearing(유정압베어링): Precision, High

speed

LM Bearing: http://ma.gnu.ac.kr/vod/Automatic/LM_Bearing1.MP4LM Bearing: http://ma.gnu.ac.kr/vod/Automatic/LM_Bearing2.MP4

Automation and CIM

© Pearson & GNU Su-Jin KimManufacturing Processes

Automated Process• Ball bearing:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGyoMuE4gDQ&p=9B6D9EAE75875D9D

• Make coins: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DkHFNnOK3Bg&p=9B6D9EAE75875D9D

• Scuba tank: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAgSU6BCpsY&p=9B6D9EAE75875D9D