HN

NH

N

N

HN

NH

NH

NH2

HN

NH

N

N

HN

NH

NH

NH2

N

N

N

N

HN

NH

NH

NH2

N

N

N

N

N

N

NH

NH2

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NH

leuoemeraldine

protoemeraldine

emeraldine

nigraniline

pernigraniline

1910 Green 提出苯胺八聚體五種不同的形式

A mild, copper catalyzed route to conducting polyaniline

Wei 1997

Aniline dimer : catalyst : H2O2: HCl 1: 0.05 : 1.5 :1

SEM (x 1600) of PANI produced at 20°C using dimer:catalyst:H2O2:HCl

mole ratio of 1:0.05:1.5:1

SEM (x 300) of PANI produced at 40°C using dimer:catalyst:H2O2:HCl

mole ratio of 1:0.05:10:1