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PREFACE

SPSS

SPSSSPSS Operation

and ApplicationSPSSStatistical

Package for the Social Science

SPSS12.0

SPSS14.0

SPSS

SPSS

SPSS

SPSS

SPSS

(

SPSS14.0

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PREFACE

SPSS

2008.08.01

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CONTENTS

SPSS

......................................................... 1

3

8

8

11

12

20

33

36

37

44

52

K-Means 57

60

63

69

K77

78

79

TwoStep84

88

89

91

Ward93

95

98

100

105

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CONTENTS

SPSS

112

MDS126

127

.......................................................................................131

133

149

151

156

157

170

173

TBWCW175

t177

180

SPSS183

SPSS 195

196

201

DISCRIM 224

225

226

MANOVADISCRIM 233

ANOVA & DISCRIM234

ANOVA & DISCRIM237

&241

&244

....................................................................251

253

MANOVA280

ANOVA281

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CONTENTS

SPSS

282

SSCPW283

SSCPB284

SSCPTWilks 285

F286

W-1

BWilks288

Wilks 289

292

SPSS293

302

313

314

SPSS314

315

326

328

....................................................333

337

338

340

351

357

371

371

372

376

376

22MANOVA379

33MANOVA381

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CONTENTS

SPSS

......................................................................................385

387 401

421

CANCORR422

424

MANOVA442

MANOVA443

454

455

455

.......................................................................469

471

488

504

511 521

522

530

546

...........................................553

555

557

558

Logistic 562

562

563

563

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CONTENTS

SPSS

567

569

570

LogisticMANOVA578

582

584

591

595

599

600

604

Logistic609

615

.................................................................................623

625

SPSS 644

645

649

661

662

663

669

671

675

679

......................................................................................683

685

704

706

708

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CONTENTS

SPSS

722

725

728

729

742

758

773

774

CFA775

CFA

777

CFA779

.......................................................................783

785

794

799

804

807

809

809

810

811

813

814

815

815

SPSS 817

822

828

831

834

837

840

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CONTENTS

SPSS

845

MLM 859

861

865

...............................................................................................867

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CHAPT

ER

1

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Chapter1

SPSS

oPeration

and

aPPl

ication

cluster analysis

groups

numerical taxonomy

similarityhomogeneity

heterogeneity

natural

grouping

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SPSS

SPSS

1-1

1-2

Sharma, 1996, p. 186

1-1

S1 5 5

S2 6 6

S3 15 14

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Chapter1

SPSS

oPeration

and

aPPl

ication

S4 16 15

S5 25 20

S6 30 19

S1S2S3S4

S5S6{S5S6}

{S1S2}

1-3

1-2

S1 10 2 S15 6 8

S2 10 8 S16 3 3

S3 8 9 S17 2 2

30

25

20

15

10

5

S6

S5

5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20

S1

S3

S2

S4

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SPSS

SPSS S4 9 10 S18 1 4

S5 8 10 S19 6 7

S6 5 5 S20 7 6

S7 1 3 S21 1 9

S8 2 2 S22 2 10

S9 3 1 S23 9 9

S10 6 6 S24 5 6

S11 3 9 S25 9 2

S12 2 8 S26 10 1

S13 1 10 S27 8 2

S14 10 10 S28 9 1

1-4

[1]{S7S8S9S16S17

S18}[2]{S11S12S13S21

S22}[3]{S1S25S26S27

S28}[4]{S2S3S4S5

S14S23}[5]{S6S10

S15S19S20S24}

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 2 4 6 8 10

S1

S26

S28 S25

S27

S8S17

S16

S7 S18

S9

S20

S10 S19 S15

S24S6

S2S4

S23

S11S12

S5S3

S13

S21

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Chapter1

SPSS

oPeration

and

aPPl

ication

factor analysis

QQ-factor analysisSharma

1996Q

hierarchical

hierarchical

cluster analysis

KK-Means

200K-Means

icicle plots

dendrograms

K-Means

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SPSS

SPSS

algorithms

methoddivisive method

agglomerative hierarchical methods

divisive hierarchical methods

NP

NNN

N-1

N-1

single linkagecomplete linkage

average linkagecentroid liknage

minimum variance method

K

K

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Chapter1

SPSS

oPeration

and

aPPl

ication

KSharma, 1996, p.

2022005

1. Kcentroidsseeds

2.

3. K

4. 23

K

1.

2.

K

3.

4.

5.

6.

KN-K

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SPSS

10

SPSS

Sharma, 1996, p. 203

1.

K

convergence

criterion

2.

K

3.

hill-climbing method

(SSCPtraceESS

SSCPdeterminant

=MDETERM

W-1BWBSSCPSSCPW

SSCPW-1WinverseW

W-1W = WW

-1 = II

10

i n v e r s e m a t r i x

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Chapter1

11

SPSS

oPeration

and

aPPl

ication

=MINVERSECtrl+

Shift+Enter

= W= W-1=

W-1B

agglomerative clustering

square Euclidean

distance

two-stage

cluster analysis

K

K

SPSS Inc., 1998

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SPSS

12

SPSS

Z

01

K-Means

standardization

Everitt1980Z

Edelbrock1979

Aldenderfer & Blashfield, 1984

2004

square Euclidean distance

S1S2

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Chapter1

1

SPSS

oPeration

and

aPPl

ication

D2XY= (X1- Y1)2 + (X2- Y2)

2 = (5-6)2 + (5-6)2 = 2

XYP

scale

invariant S1

S2

D2S1&S2 = (X1-Y1)2+ (X2-Y2)

2= (5000-6000)2+ (5-6)2=1000000+1

=1000001

SPSS

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SPSS

1

SPSS

ACD

V

L

C

DM

1-5

NM

ChebychevMinkowski

SZ

-11-10111

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Chapter1

1

SPSS

oPeration

and

aPPl

ication

1-6

NM

Lance

Williams

1-7

S1S6

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SPSS

1

SPSS

1-3

1:S1 2:S2 :S :S :S :S

1:S1 0.00 2.00 181.00 221.00 625.00 821.002:S2 2.00 0.00 145.00 181.00 557.00 745.00

3:S3 181.00 145.00 0.00 2.00 136.00 250.00

4:S4 221.00 181.00 2.00 0.00 106.00 212.00

5:S5 625.00 557.00 136.00 106.00 0.00 26.00

6:S6 821.00 745.00 250.00 212.00 26.00 0.00

S2(6, 6)S3(15, 14)

D2XY= (X2-Y2)2 + (X3-Y3)

2 = (6-15)2 + (6-14)2 = 145.00

Chebychev

1-4

Chebychev

1:S1 2:S2 :S :S :S :S

1:S1 0.00 1.00 10.00 11.00 20.00 25.00

2:S2 1.00 0.00 9.00 10.00 19.00 24.00

3:S3 10.00 9.00 0.00 1.00 10.00 15.00

4:S4 11.00 10.00 1.00 0.00 9.00 14.00

5:S5 20.00 19.00 10.00 9.00 0.00 5.00

6:S6 25.00 24.00 15.00 14.00 5.00 0.00

S2(6, 6)S3(15, 14)

DXY= MAXN|XN-YN|=|6-15|, |6-14|=9, 8=9

S525, 20S630,19

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Chapter1

1

SPSS

oPeration

and

aPPl

ication

DXY=MAXN|XN-YN|=|25-30|, |20-19|=5, 1=5

1-5

1:S1 2:S2 :S :S :S :S

1:S1 .00 2.00 19.00 21.00 35.00 39.00

2:S2 2.00 .00 17.00 19.00 33.00 37.00

3:S3 19.00 17.00 .00 2.00 16.00 20.00

4:S4 21.00 19.00 2.00 .00 14.00 18.00

5:S5 35.00 33.00 16.00 14.00 .00 6.00

6:S6 39.00 37.00 20.00 18.00 6.00 .00

S2(6, 6)S3(15, 14)

S1(5, 5)S6(30, 19)

1-6

Minkowski (2)

1:S1 2:S2 :S :S :S :S

1:S1 .000 1.414 13.454 14.866 25.000 28.653

2:S2 1.414 .000 12.042 13.454 23.601 27.295

3:S3 13.454 12.042 .000 1.414 11.662 15.811

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SPSS

1

SPSS 4:S4 14.866 13.454 1.414 .000 10.296 14.560

5:S5 25.000 23.601 11.662 10.296 .000 5.099

6:S6 28.653 27.295 15.811 14.560 5.099 .000

mm

m3

city block

distanceManhattan distance

S1S2

Chebychev distance

DXY= MAXN| XN-YN|

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Chapter1

1

SPSS

oPeration

and

aPPl

ication

Mahalanhobis distance

D2XY= (Xi-Yi)C-1

W(Xj-Yj)

CW

pooled within- in covariance

matrix

cosine

Pearson correlation/correlation coefficients

Q

dissimilarity measures

association coefficientdissimilarity

1

binary variable

simple matching coefficients

1-7

1 0

1 A B

0 C D

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SPSS

20

SPSS

ABCD

linking method

between-groups linkageaverage

linkage between groupswithin-groups linkage

nearest neighborsingle linkagefurthest

neighborcomplete linkagecentroid

clusteringmedian clusterWards method

SPSS

Ever it t & Dunn, 2001

Lattin et al., 2003, pp. 281-284Sharma, 1996, pp. 188-1942005

()

S1 S2 2S3S42

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Chapter1

21

SPSS

oPeration

and

aPPl

ication

S1S2

{S1 & S2}S3

S4S5S6

S3

S4

{S1 & S2}{S3 & S4}S5S6

1-8

1 S1 & S2 5.5[=(5+6)2] 5.5[=(5+6)2]2 S3 15 14

3 S4 16 15

4 S5 25 20

5 S6 30 19

1-9

S1 & S2 S S S S

S1 & S2 0.00S3 162.50 0.00

S4 200.50 2.00 0.00

S5 590.50 135.96 106.00 0.00

S6 782.50 250.00 212.00 26.00 0.00

1-10

1 S1 & S2 5.5[=(5+6)2] 5.5[=(5+6)2]2 S3 & S4 15.5 14.5

4 S5 25 20

5 S6 30 19

1-11

S1 & S2 S & S S S

S1 & S2 0.00

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60.2 1063394

(02)2705-5066 (02)2706-6100

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(07)2358-702 (07)2350-236

200 8 9

200910

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98 0

SPSS

. ., 2008.09

ISBN 978-957-11-5341-4 ()

1. 2. 3.

512.4 97015173

1H58

SPSS