[2004] mk버팔로 근골격계질환 진단 및 대안마련을 위한 연구 보고서

MK

2004. 6.

( )

( ) ( MK ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) () ()

. 4

. 9

. 9

. 22

. 29

1. 29

2. ( ) 37

3. 43

4. 49

. 142

- 4 -

MK

I.

. (WHO) 1985 (WHO, 1985) (multifactorial) . (Sluiter JK etal, 2001).

()

1.

, - , .

. (David Stubbs).

. 1992 . 1 ,

. 10 . 1

- 5 -

. (riskassessment) .- (work system)- - -

( Klaus J. Zink, 2003) .- (Organizational Design and Management : ODAM)- (performance) (quality of working life) - ODAM (Macroergonomics)

(macro-ergonomics) . (Scott PA and Zink K, 2003).

(MICRO-ERGONOMICS)

(MACRO-ERGONOMICS)

(Physical demension)

(Pscychological demension)

(Qualification)

(Economic demension)

-

()

1.

- 6 -

, , .

, . WHO 1985 (multifactorial) . . , , , , , , , , , ( , 2003-24) , ( ), ( ), : , , , ( ) :

, . (macro-ergonomics) . , . 2 .

- 7 -

() ()

,

, () ,

- ,

,

,

,

2.

, - , , , .

. 2 . () (posture), (force), (movement) (vibration) (physical factors) () ( : ) ( (decision latitude) ) (nonphysical factors)

1. ; , , ,

2. ; (, : )

(, )

3.

EU ,

- 8 -

1997 NIOSH , Punnet Bergqvist , UEMSD , ISO/DIS 11226, (IEA) (ICOH) . 1997 1999 DG-5 .NIOSH ,

. , (NIOSH, 1997). , WHO (WHO, 1985). . . . : , (decision latitude), (autonomy) . . , , , . , , . , .Karasek job content . , , . , ., 60 10 .

- 9 -

II.

MK , . , . , , , , ,

III.

1.

: (Participatory action research)

(Participatory action research) . , , (De Kong Martin 1996). (Participatory action research) --> --> --> --> --> --> --> --> (Ritchie 1996). (Participatory action research) , , .

1) : , .: , .

- 10 -

2) : , .: , , , , O/T, ,

3) : .: , , ,

4) : , .:

5) :

.:

6) ( ): , .:

7) (1) : , , .: , ,

2.

. .

- 11 -

1) . 2 . , . .

(1) .

- , , , , , ,

-

- , , ,

- , (, )

- , ,

- : , ,

- (HAL)

- (NPF)

-

-

-

-

-

- , ,

- ,

- ,

-

- ,

-

- , ,

-

-

- : , , /, /, /, /, /

- , , ,

- ,

- ,

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4.

- 12 -

(2)

(NationalInstitute Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH) ( 1), ( 2, 3, 4) .

.

1 : 1 1 (NIOSH ) 2 : 1 (NIOSH , ) 3 : 1 ( ) 4 : 3 1 ( )

(3)

. Karasek(1979) . . , , , , , . , 4 (Karasek, 1979)().

- 13 -

2.

(low strain group) . , , . (passive group) . . (active group) . (high straingroup) . , , , , (Karasek , 1988). Karasek Theell(1990) .

Karasek (1988) . , .

Karasek(1979) .

- 14 -

Karasek (1982) . (4) (4) .

(4)

6, 7, 3, 1, 2 .

1 5 , , , , . .

[, intensity of labor] ( EnCyber (http://www.encyber.com/). .

- 15 -

[ , intensity of labor]

() . ,

. () ,

() ,

. . ,

()

, . , 1

, 1

, 1 ,

. ,

.

, (RMR). .

RMR = ( - ) /

= /

. RMR

0.1 10.0 , () RMR 01

(), 12 , 24 , 47 , 7 ()

. , ,

,

.

, ,

. ,

() .

( EnCyber (http://www.encyber.com/)

5.

- 16 -

[ , intensity of labour]

, , .

.

.

1 .

.

, 1 .

,

.

( , http://nisweb.nonghyupi.com/dic/aac/aac206.html)

6. (2)

( ) ( ) , . , . . .

( ) =

( )

=

7.

- 17 -

. , . , , , .

(, , )

, ,

,

: , ,

, ,

: ,

,

8.

2)

(1) 2003-24: 2003-24(2003.7.15) . . 11 .

1. 4 2. 2 , , ,

3. 2 , ,

, 4. , 2

5. 2

- 18 -

6. 2 1kg , 2kg 7. 2 4.5kg

8. 10 25kg 9. 25 10kg ,

, 10. 2 , 2 4.5kg 11. 2 10

(2) ANSI (ANSI) ANSI (ANSI Z-365 Quick Checklist) 10 . , , / , (>3m), ( / / / , / , / : , / / / / / / , ) (8 ) .

(3) ACGIH TLV for Hand Activity

(ACGIH) ACGIH TLV for Hand Activity (HAL) (NPF) , , (TLV) 0.78 (TLV) . 0.56 0.78 (AL) . (TLV) (flexin), (extension), (rotation) (neutral) , (TLV) . 4

- 19 -

.

(4) RULA

McAtamney Corlett(1993) RULA(Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) . ( ), , , (), , . , 3 4 . 1( 1 - 2 ) , 2( 3 - 4 ) ( ), 3( 5 - 6 ) (soon) , 4( 7) (immediately) . .

1 1-2

,

2 3-4

,

3 5-6

4 7

9. RULA

(5) ACGIH Lifting TLV

ACGIH Lifting TLV (ACGIH) . , . , 30 (TLV) 1/2 . NLE (the Revised NIOSH LiftingEquation) , NLE .

- 20 -

(6) NLE (the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation)

NIOSH(1991) (AL: Action Limit) (MPL) (Recommend Weight Limit, RWL) , (LiftingIndex, LI) .RWL (, 8) . . RWL AL (H), (V), (D), (FM) (AM) (C) .

RWL = 23(25/H){1-(0.003

V-75}{0.82+(4.5/D)}{1-(0.0032A)}(FM)(CM)

H(Horizontal distance) : , ( ) , 25-63 cm 25cm .V(Vertical distance) : , ( ) 0-175cm.D(Vertical travel distance) : 25-175cm,25cm 25cm .F(Frequency, /) : , 0.2/ 0.2/min(, 5 ) .A(Asymmetric angle) : (sagittal plane) , 0-135 .

RWL 23kg 0.2/ , 25cm, 75cm, 25cm , .

NIOSH (Lifting Index, LI)' , (RWL) (Ratio) . LI .

LI = (kg) / RWL(kg)

- 21 -

(LI) RWL . LI . NIOSH LI 1 , LI 3 . LI , LI 1 .

(6)

Kilbom(1994) . 50 10 .

.

2.5

, , ,

/ 10 , ,

/ 10

200

10.

- 22 -

0102030405060708090

100

1 2 3 4

%

3.

020406080

100120

,

1

4.

.

1.

1) MK ( %) .

1 2 3 4

137(91.95) 134(89.93) 54(36.24) 28(18.79) 25(16.78)

11. ( ) : %

.

- 23 -

1 : 1 1 (NIOSH ) 2 : 1 (NIOSH , ) 3 : 1 ( ) 4 : 3 1 ( )

1 134(89.93), 2 54(36.24%), 3 28(18.79%), 4 25(16.78%). MK 10 9 10 3.6 , 1.7 . 54 .

95%

1.61 0.667-3.905

// 2.05 0.964-4.342

0.51 0.259-1.016

// 2.71 1.356-5.434

// 2.25 1.128-4.470

12. (1)

p-value 17.8 18.9 0.0057 21.5 22.7 0.0228

9.4 9.5 0.6598 3.1 3.2 0.4414 6.0 6.0 0.8281

57.5 60.1 0.0081

13. (1)

- 24 -

12 , 13 MK 12 , 13 (, , , , , ), (, , ) . , , , .

2.

(1) MK 8 . , , , , .

(2) ANSI ANSI 15 1 5, , F/P , , , 2 , , , , PVC , , , .ANSI ANSI 15 .

(3) ACGIH (TLV) 1 5, F/P , , , 2 , AAW , , , . / . ANSI 5, , F/P , , , .

(4) ACGIH (TLV)

- 25 -

. NIOSH(NLE) . , , (ACGIH TLV) 1 (), (), 2 ( BOX ), ( BOX ), ( ), C/T Box , ().

(5) .

(6) , . .

PVC . , .

. .

, , .

- 26 -

(, , , )

, .

, ,

, .

3.

(1)

MK . 2 , , .

(2)

. . , . , 5 1 3 , 4 3 .

- 27 -

(3)

MK IMF .IMF DCP() , 1 . IMF 98 LP( ) 2 . . 2002 (SCP) 10 , 3 , 6 , 8 3 . , , 2 1 , .

(4)

, , . . 10 , , . MK .

MK , . , ,

- 28 -

. , .

- 29 -

.

1. 1) 2004 5 17 . 58 161 219. 8 , 141, 149 68.0%.

2)

(%)

125 (83.9)

24 (16.1)

(cm) 167.5 7.4

46.5 7.7

(kg) 65.0 8.6

14.64 7.5

15 (10.8)

10

35 (25.2)

78 (56.1)

11 (7.9)

28 (19.4)

5

110 (76.4)

2 (1.4)

0 (0)

4 (2.8)

8 (5.9)

14

127 (94.1)

45 (31.9)

8 30 (21.3)

66 (46.8)

36 (25.9)

10

103 (74.1)

107 (72.8)

3

39 (26.5)

14.

167.5cm , 65.0kg. 46.5. 110(76.4) 2/3 , 28(19.4). 75(53.2) . 103(74.1) . 14.6 .(14 )

- 30 -

(%)

94 (63.5)

1

54 (36.5)

25 (16.9)

1

35 (23.7)

81 (54.7)

7 (4.7)

9 (6.1)

1

66 (44.6)

56 (37.8)

17 (11.5)

5 (3.6)

4

80 (54.8)

47 (32.2)

13 (8.9)

1865.5 577.1

142 (97.3) 3

1 53.8 19.12

15.

3)

142(97.3) , 4(2.7) . 1 53.8 2002 1 63 . 54(36.5) , 1865.5 . .

;, 4 (3.0)

17

3 (2.3)

; 3 (2.3)

2 (1.5)

; 13 (9.9)

13 (9.9)

; 55 (41.7)

13 (9.9)

; 16 (12.1)

4 (3.0)

; 6 (4.6)

16.

- 31 -

()

0 0

16

1 (0.8) 2 (1.5)

() 10 (7.5)

44 (33.1)

10 (7.5)

44 (33.1)

10 (7.5)

7 (5.3)

1 (0.8)

() 4 (3.0)

17.

66(44.6), 56(3785), 13(8.9) . 80(54.8), 47(32.2), 13(8.9) . 5.9 , 4.3 .

p-value 45.9 47.5 0.2288

22.9 23.6 0.0844 1883.7 1838.6 0.7228 13.9 16.0 0.1194

5.6 6.4 0.0389

() 4.0 4.7 0.0157

18. (1)

95% 1.61 0.667-3.905

// 2.05 0.964-4.342

0.51 0.259-1.016

// 2.71 1.356-5.434

// 2.25 1.128-4.470

19. (2)

- 32 -

18 19 , 18 19 .

4)

MK . , , , .

()

()

.

1. () . 33(22.8) 60(41.4) 38(26.2) 14(9.7) 4 2. () . 14(9.6) 50(34.3) 62(42.5) 20(13.7) 3 3. . 5(3.6) 36(25.9) 68(48.9) 30(21.6) 10 4. () () . 7(5.0) 35(25.2) 55(39.6) 42(30.2) 10 5. . 9(6.5) 45(32.4) 41(29.5) 44(31.7) 10 6. . 17(12.0) 37(26.1) 49(34.5) 39(27.5) 7 7. () () . 14(10.0) 39(27.9) 50(35.7) 37(26.4) 9

8. . 12(8.8) 35(25.6) 68(49.6) 22(16.1) 12

9. () . 27(19.7) 23(16.8) 47(34.3) 40(29.2) 12

10. . 77(52.7) 46(31.5) 13(8.9) 10(6.9) 3 11. . 15(10.8) 23(16.6) 36(25.9) 65(46.8) 10 12. . 11(7.9) 23(16.6) 47(33.8) 58(41.7) 10 13. . 26(18.6) 52(37.1) 36(25.7) 26(18.6) 9 14. . 7(5.0) 8(5.8) 44(31.7) 80(57.6) 10

20.

- 33 -

MK

30.0(5.2) 32.8(6.1) 2.8

64.2(9.5) 53.0(12.4) - 11.5

9.8(2.7) 9.4(2.9) - 0.4

9.5(2.5) 10.8(2.8) 1.3

19.3(4.5) 20.2(5.0) 0.2

22.

5)

1. . 28(19.6) 60(42.0) 46(32.2)57(40.7)

6

2. . 15(10.5) 38(26.6) 69(48.3) 21(14.7) 6 3. . 19(13.5) 43(30.5) 66(46.8) 13(9.2) 8 4. . 25(17.7) 50(35.5) 50(35.5) 16(11.4) 8 5. . 25(18.0) 58(41.7) 42(30.2) 14(10.1) 10 6. () . 20(14.0) 52(36.4)61(42.7) 10(7.0)

6

7. . 29(20.1) 65(45.1) 41(28.5) 9(6.3) 5 8. . 22(15.2) 70(48.3) 45(31.0) 8(5.5) 4

21. ,

MK , , , , . , , , . MK , .

- 34 -

p-value 31.8 34.5 0.0125 54.1 51.3 0.2148 9.7 8.9 0.1340 10.8 10.7 0.8101

20.5 19.7 0.3495

23.

23 MK .

24 (20.0)

29

5 (4.1)

76 (63.3)

15 (12.5)

24. *

24 , , . MK 76(63.3%), 24(20.0%). .

7)

26 MK , .

- 35 -

37.5(4.3) 45.9(10.0) 9.3(2.3) 10.3(2.3) 19.2(3.3)

31.8(5.9) 50.7(10.1) 8.5(2.3) 10.0(1.9) 18.5(3.7)

32.5(5.0) 50.1(11.5) 9.2(3.0) 9.8(2.9) 19.0(5.3)

, 31.9(5.2) 53.8(15.6) 9.7(2.9) 10.7(2.9) 20.4(5.1)

, 33.2(6.0) 44.0(9.0) 8.7(3.0) 10.5(3.6) 19.7(5.7)

32.0(3.9) 61.7(10.5) 8.1(1.9) 10.8(2.5) 18.8(3.3)

33.3(7.2) 57.2(13.0) 9.7(3.7) 11.7(2.2) 21.5(5.3)

30.4(7.8) 60.9(9.4) 11.0(3.1) 12.4(2.7) 23.3(5.5)

25. ()

1 6(4.1) 24(16.6) 79(54.5) 28(19.3) 8(5.5) 42 2(1.4) 9(6.2) 121(82.9) 13(8.9) 1(0.7) 33 8(5.5) 15(10.3) 107(73.8) 15(10.3) 44 3(2.1) 27(18.6) 96(66.2) 17(11.7) 2(1.4) 45 8(5.6) 19(13.3) 68(47.6) 46(32.2) 2(1.4) 66 / 8(5.5) 33(22.8) 59(40.7) 36(24.8) 9(6.2) 47 3(2.1) 10(6.9) 84(58.3) 37(25.7) 10(6.9) 58 4(2.8) 10(7.0) 78(54.9) 46(32.4) 4(2.8) 79 2(1.4) 14(9.9) 99(70.2) 22(15.6) 4(2.8) 8

10 ( ) 3(2.2) 12(8.6) 82(59.0) 34(24.5) 8(5.8) 1011 ( ) 10(7.4) 40(29.4) 76(55.9) 9(6.6) 1(0.7) 1312 1(0.8) 8(6.1) 105(79.6) 13(9.9) 5(3.8) 1713 1(0.8) 7(5.3) 112(84.9) 12(9.1) 1714 2(1.5) 5(3.8) 105(79.0) 17(12.8) 4(3.0) 1615 2(1.5) 8(6.1) 95(72.0) 24(18.2) 3(2.3) 1716 3(2.3) 5(3.9) 115(88.5) 7(5.4) 1917 5(3.8) 110(84.0) 12(9.2) 4(3.1) 1818 4(2.9) 9(6.6) 66(48.5) 54(39.7) 3(2.2) 1319 3(2.2) 2(1.5) 81(60.0) 44(32.6) 5(3.7) 14

26.

27 27 ( , , , , , ) , (, , , , ) .

- 36 -

17.6(1.9) 23.7(4.5) 9.4(1.3) 3.1(0.6) 6.2(0.6) 60.4(5.6) 17.9(2.1) 22.0(3.5) 9.7(0.8) 3.3(0.8) 6.0(0.6) 58.6(6.5)

18.3(2.4) 21.0(2.3) 9.1(1.2) 3.0(0.3) 5.7(0.7) 56.9(3.1) 17.7(1.2) 20.6(2.5) 9.4(0.8) 3.1(0.7) 5.8(0.9) 55.9(3.0), 19.3(2.0) 22.4(1.4) 9.4(0.7) 3.3(0.6) 6.1(0.6) 59.9(2.5) 19.0(2.4) 22.4(3.4) 10.6(0.9) 3.0(0.0) 5.8(0.8) 61.1(4.6)

19.3(2.8) 22.4(3.7) 9.4(1.4) 3.1(0.3) 6.3(1.3) 60.7(7.9) 17.2(3.3) 21.5(2.6) 9.2(1.2) 3.1(0.3) 6.1(1.0) 56.8(5.2)

28. ()

p-value 17.8 18.9 0.0057 21.5 22.7 0.0228

9.4 9.5 0.6598 3.1 3.2 0.4414 6.0 6.0 0.8281

57.5 60.1 0.0081

27.

7)

MK , (NIOSH) (, , ), ( ), ( 1 ), ( ) . NIOSH 1 134(89.93) , 25(16.78) .

- 37 -

1 2 3 4 75(50.34) 83(55.70) 16(10.74) 8(5.37) 6(4.03)

110(74.32) 106(71.14) 27(18.12) 10(6.71) 10(6.71)/ 77(51.68) 74(49.66) 20(13.42) 10(6.71) 10(6.71)

/ 66(44.30) 71(47.65) 15(10.07) 4(2.68) 3(2.01)/ 95(63.76) 87(58.39) 26(17.45) 13(8.72) 12(8.05)

/ 80(53.69) 73(48.99) 19(12.75) 7(4.70) 7(4.70)

137(91.95) 134(89.93) 54(36.24) 28(18.79) 25(16.78)

29. ( ) : %

- 1 106(71.14),/ 87(58.39), 83(55.70), / 74(49.66), / 73(48.99), / 71(47.65) . , .

2.

MK , . , , . , .

(1)

MK

- 38 -

. 2 , , . , .

. 100 . . , .

.

7--80 120-130 .

80, .

, 20 600% 2 .

1700 2000. .

25,000 . 25,772. 15 ......... 2 3 .

? . ....

97, 98 2 , ..... ...

? . .

- 39 -

.

....... ......

O .... ...... , ............ 15 .........

, , . 11 .

. 12 .

3 . 2 .

(2)

. . , . , 5 1 3 , 4 3 .

20 , 1 10 3 , 5 1

- 40 -

3 . . . , ....... .

. ......... . . 2 .

7-8 10 .

, ... ....

4 . 4 . 4 90% 3 . . . . ? .

(3)

MK IMF .IMF DCP() , 1 . IMF 98 LP( ) 2 . . 2002 (SCP) 10 , 3 , 6 , 8 3 . ,

- 41 -

, 2 1 , .

. . . . 20 . . . . .

10 2 1 . . .

1, 2 ,3 . 2002... . 2 (SCP, LNP, DCP) ..... . .

, 1 650 1000 . . ....

. .....

(4)

, ,

- 42 -

. . 10 , , . MK .

. 5........

.... .......... 20 .......

, 10 ......... 1 .....

20 ........

... .....

- 43 -

ANSI (,,,/)

1

516 1 . . 12 . (9kg)

15 0.6 0 16 18 0

17 2.5 0 16 16 0 ( )F/P 19 0.8 0 0 12 0 (7kg)

13 0.6 0 16 18 0

20 1.28 . . . . ( )

18 0.66 0 24 48 0 (7kg)

2

Transfer/MC

13 0.16 0 10 10 0 AAW 15 0.5 0 24 24 0 AAW

SLOTTER

9 0.14 . . 16 AAW 11 0.5 3.6 26 26 0 AAW 9 0.2 0 16 40

17 0.8 . . 33 . ( )

16 0.75 0 40 40 0 ( )

11 1.25 0 60 60 0

9 0.8 0 25 34 0

15 1.66 0 6 6 0 (9kg)

14 .

2

15 0.6 . (9kg)

18 0.75 0 11 18 0 (14kg)AAW 11 0.6 0 20 50 40 AAW 10 0.75 . PW 13 1 0 15 60 0 (14kg)

17 0 6 6 0 (14kg)PVC 17 0.66 0 10 30 30 (14kg)AAW 20 1 0 15 26 0

22 0.66 0 95 95 0 (9kg)

17 0.2 0 80 0 80 (18kg)

14 0.2 0 60 60 60

3.

MK ( ) .

= /(10- ), (TLV)=0.78

- 44 -

1)

(1)

() / ANSI .

1. ANSI ANSI Z-365^

1

516

15

17F/P 19

13

20

18

2

Transfer/MC

13AAW 15AAW SLOTTER

9AAW 11AAW 9

17

16

11

9

15

14

2

15

18AAW 11AAW 10PW 13

17PVC 17AAW 20

22

17

14

0-910-1516

( )

ANSI 4 (AAW , AAW ,

- 45 -

,AAW ) 10 . 1 5, , F/P , , , 2 , , , , PVC , , , 15 . 14.9.

() (Hand Activity) ACGIH TLV .2.

(TLV = 0.78)

1

51

0.6

2.5

F/P 0.8

0.6

1.28

0.66

2

Transfer/MC

0.16

AAW 0.5

AAW SLOTTER

0.14

AAW 0.5

AAW 0.2

0.8

0.75

1.25

0.8

1.66

2

0.6

0.75

AAW 0.6

AAW 0.75

PW 1

PVC 0.66

AAW 1

0.66

0.2

0.2

ACGIH 0.78 ACGIH 0.56

ACGIH , , (TLV) . (Hand Activity Level, HAL) (Normalized Peak Force, NPF)

- 46 -

. ( ) . , (TLV) 0.78 (AL) 0.56. 0.78 .

= / (10- )

2 (TLV = 0.78) 1 5, F/P , , , 2 , , , AAW ., , , , .

()

ACGIH Lifting TLV .ACGIH TLV . , . , (20Kg - 45Kg) ACGIH TLV . ().

- 47 -

4. ACGIH TLV ACGIH TLV ()

1

5 (9kg)

( )F/P (7kg)

( ) (7kg)

2

Transfer/MC

AAW

AAW SLOTTER

AAW

AAW

BOX ( ) BOX ( )

(9kg)

2

(9kg) (14kg)AAW

AAW

PW (14kg) BOX (14kg)PVC (14kg)AAW

(9kg) BOX (18kg)

, TLV . : > 360/ : 8 : 30 ( ) ( ) , (: )

- 48 -

()

Kilbom(1994) .3. Kilbom(1994)

(,,,/)

1

5. . 12 .

0 16 18 0

0 16 16 0

F/P 0 0 12 0

0 16 18 0

. . . .

0 24 48 0

2

Transfer/MC

0 10 10 0

AAW 0 24 24 0

AAW SLOTTER

. . 16

AAW 3.6 26 26 0

AAW 0 16 40

. . 33 .

0 40 40 0

0 60 60 0

0 25 34 0

0 6 6 0

.

2

.

0 11 18 0

AAW 0 20 50 40

AAW .

PW 0 15 60 0

0 6 6 0

PVC 0 10 30 30

AAW 0 15 26 0

0 95 95 0

0 80 0 80

0 60 60 60

(2.5/), (10/), (10/), (200/)

50 10 . MK . . . , .

- 49 -

4. .

1 5

2004. 5. 17 , , , , ,

1

5

3

- 50 -

: ( )

(, ,

/)

.

: (5 )

(FOOT/SW )

.

: ( )

(, )

900-1300 1 2

(1) - ANSI Z-365

- 51 -

/

/

/

3(3) 1(3) 0(3) 0(3) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 16 : 16 .

(2) - ACGIH TLV for Hand Activity

(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]6 4 1

: (TLV)=0.78 (Action Limit)=0.56 1 .

(3) (2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

(4)

- 52 -

ACGIH (Lifting TLV) : / 31-360 (kg) 2.5 * 30m-60m(TLV) (kg) 9TLV 0.27 .

(RULA)

(6) (3) (4) (2) (6) (6) (2) 3 2 1 2 3 2 2 7 4

, , , , . 7, 4 .

- 53 -

(5)

- 54 -

2004. 5. 17 , , , , ,

1 2-3()

: (JF )

( , , ,

/) (, )

.

:

(, )

.

- 55 -

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

3(3) 0(3) 0(3) 0(3) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 15 : 15 .


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]5 3 0.6

: (TLV)=0.78 (Action

Limit)=0.56 0.6 .

(3) (2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

- 56 -

(4)

,

.

- 57 -

1()

2004. 5. 17 , , , , ,

1

: ( )

( , ,

, , )

.

: ( )

.

- 58 -

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

3(3) 2(3) 0(3) 0(3) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 17 : 17 ( ) .


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]8 5 2.5

: (TLV)=0.78 (Action Limit)=0.56 2.5 .

(3)

(2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

- 59 -

(4)

ACGIH (Lifting TLV) : / A: 31-360 B: 61-360 (kg) A: 18 B: 18

A: B: * A: 60-80 B: 30-60(TLV) (kg) A: 5 B: TLV A: 3.6 B: .

(NIOSH)

- 60 -

(5)

- 61 -

1() F /P ( )

2004. 5. 17 , , , , ,

1 F/P ( )

: F/P ()

(,

)

BURR .

: F/P

(, ) .

- 62 -

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

1(3) 2(3) 2(3) 0(3) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 19 : 19 ( ) .


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]5 4 0.8

: (TLV)=0.78 (Action Limit)=0.56 0.8 .

(3)

(2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

(4)

- 63 -

ACGIH (Lifting TLV) : / 13-30 (kg) 9 * 60-80(TLV) (kg) 7TLV 1.38

(5)

- 64 -

1()

2004. 5. 18 , , , , ,

1

: (LCV )

(, ,

/, )

.

: (LCV )

(, /

)

BURR .

- 65 -

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

1(3) 0(3) 0(3) 0(3) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 13 : 13 .


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]5 3 0.6


Limit)=0.56 0.6 .

(3)

(2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

- 66 -

(4)

- 67 -

1

2004. 5. 18 , , , , , 1

:

(,

)

.

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

1(3) 3(3) 1(3) 3(3) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 20 : 20 ( ) .

- 68 -


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]3 9 1.28

: (TLV)=0.78 (Action Limit)=0.56 1.28 .

(3) (2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

(4)

ACGIH (Lifting TLV) :

- 69 -

/ 31-360 100 (kg) 14 * 60-80(TLV) (kg) .TLV .

(RULA)

(6) (3) (4) (2) (6) (6) (2)

3 2 2 1 4 4 1 7 4

, , . 7, 4 .

- 70 -

(5)

- 71 -

1

200.4 5. 18 , , , , ,

1

2

: ( )

(, /

)

, .

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

3(3) 2(3) 2(3) 0(3) 2(2) 1(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 18 : 18 ( ) .

- 72 -


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]4 4 0.66


Limit)=0.56 0.66 .

(3) (2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

(4)

ACGIH (Lifting TLV) : (7KG ) / 31-360 (kg) 7 * 30(TLV) (kg) 14TLV 0.5

- 73 -

(NIOSH)

(RULA)

(6) (3) (4) (2) (6) (6) (2)

6 2 2 1 1 4 1 7 4

- 74 -

(6) (3) (4) (2) (6) (6) (2)

4 1 2 2 3 3 1 5 3

(5)

- 75 -

2 AAW T/R(Transfer/MC)

2004. 5. 18 , , , , ,

2

AAW

: AAW T/R ()

(, )

T/R .

: AAW T/R ( T/R )

(, )

T/R JIG .

- 76 -

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

1(3) 0(3) 2(3) 0(3) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 13 : 13 .


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]4 1 0.16

: (TLV)=0.78 (Action Limit)=0.56 0.16 .

(3) (2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

- 77 -

(4)

- 78 -

2 AAW

2004. 5. 18 , , , , ,

2

AAW

AAW

: AAW

(, ,

)

.

: AAW

(, )

.

- 79 -

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

3(3) 0(3) 0(3) 0(3) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 15 : 15 .


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]

6 2 0.5

: (TLV)=0.78 (Action Limit)=0.56 0.5 .

(3)

(2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

- 80 -

(RULA)

(6) (3) (4) (2) (6) (6) (2)

AAW 4 1 3 2 1 3 1 7 4

- 81 -

(4)

.

- 82 -

2 AAW SLOTTER

2004. 5. 18 , , , , , 2

AAW

AAW SLOTTER

: AAW

10 .

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

1(3) 0(3) 0(3) 0(3) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 9 : 9 .

- 83 -


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]3 1 0.14

: (TLV)=0.78 (Action Limit)=0.56 0.14 .

(3)

(2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

(4)

(5)

- 84 -

2 AAW , 2 SQ BROACH, (),

2004. 5. 18 , , , , ,

2

AAW

AAW

: AAW ( )

(,

)

.

: AAW (),

( , ,

, /)

M/C .

: AAW ()

.

- 85 -

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

3(3) 2(3) 0(3) 0(3) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 11 : 11 .


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]6 2 0.5

: (TLV)=0.78 (Action Limit)=0.56 0.5 .

(3)

(2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

- 86 -

(RULA)

(6) (3) (4) (2) (6) (6) (2)

AAW () 5 1 2 2 3 3 1 6 3

(4)

- 87 -

2 AAW

2004. 5. 18 , , , , ,

2

AAW

AAW

: AAW ( )

(, )

.

: AAW ( )

(, )

JAW BURR .

- 88 -

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

1(3) 0(3) 0(3) 0(3) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 9 : 9 .


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]5 1 0.2

: (TLV)=0.78 (Action Limit)=0.56 0.2 .

(3) (2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

(RULA)

(6) (3) (4) (2) (6) (6) (2)

AAW 4 2 4 1 1 4 1 6 3

- 89 -

(4)

- 90 -

2

2004. 5. 19 , , , , ,

2

: SW (F/H )

(, ,

/)

F/H .

: (F/H )

(,

)

F/H HEAD .

- 91 -

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

3(3) 3(3) 1(3) 0(3) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 17 : 17 .


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]5 4 0.8

: (TLV)=0.78 (Action Limit)=0.56 0.8 .

(3)

(2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

(4)

- 92 -

ACGIH (Lifting TLV) : BOX

(5)

- 93 -

2(SW) EB

2004. 5. 19 , , , , ,

2

SW

: EB ()

( )

M/C .

: EB ( )

(, )

.

- 94 -

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

3(3) 3(3) 0(3) 0(3) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 16 : 14 ( ) .


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]6 3 0.75


Limit)=0.56 0.75 .

(3)

(2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

(4) ACGIH (Lifting TLV) : BOX

- 95 -

(5)

- 96 -

2 LNP

2004. 5. 19 , , , , ,

2

LNP

: LNP ( )

(, )

LNP .

: LNP ( )

( ,

)

.

- 97 -

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

3(3) 0(3) 0(3) 0(3) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) (2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 11 : 11 .


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]6 5 1.25

: (TLV)=0.78 (Action Limit)=0.56 1.25 .

(3)

(2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

(4) ACGIH (Lifting TLV) :

- 98 -

(RULA)

(6) (3) (4) (2) (6) (6) (2)

3 2 3 2 3 1 1 4 2

, , . 4

2. .

- 99 -

(5)

- 100 -

2

2004. 5. 19 , , , , ,

2

: ( )

(, ,

, )

DCP .

: ( )

.

- 101 -

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

3(3) 0(3) 0(3) 0(3) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 9 : 9 .


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]5 4 0.8

: (TLV)=0.78 (Action Limit)=0.56 0.8 .

(3)

(2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

(4) ACGIH (Lifting TLV) :

- 102 -

(5)

- 103 -

2()

2004. 5. 19 , , , , .

2

:

:

(

, )

, .

- 104 -

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

3(3) 0(3) 0(3) 0(3) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 15 : 15 .


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]7 5 1.66

: (TLV)=0.78 (Action Limit)=0.56 1.66 .

(3) (2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

(4)

- 105 -

ACGIH (Lifting TLV) : / 31-360 (kg) 1.7 * 30-60(TLV) (kg) 9TLV 0.19

(5)

- 106 -

2004. 5. 19 , , , , ,

:

( ,, ,

)

.

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

0(3) 0(3) 0(3) 0(3) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 14 : 14 .

- 107 -


(RULA)

(6) (3) (4) (2) (6) (6) (2)

3 2 3 1 3 3 1 5 3 , , , . 5, 3 .

(3)

- 108 -

2

2004. 5. 19 , , , , ,

2

4

: ( )

.

: ( )

(, ,

, )

.

- 109 -

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

3(3) 1(3) 0(3) 1(3) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 15 : 15 .


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]5 3 0.6


Limit)=0.56 0.6 .

(3)

ACGIH (Lifting TLV) : / 31 (kg) 13 * 30-60(TLV) (kg) 9TLV 1.4

- 110 -

(NIOSH)

(4)

- 111 -

2

2004. 5. 19 , , , , ,

2

2

: ( )

( , ,

/)

.

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

3(3) 2(3) 1(3) 2(3) 0(2) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 18 : 18 ( ) .

- 112 -


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]6 3 0.75

: (TLV)=0.78 (Action Limit)=0.56 0.75 .

(3) (2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

(4)


- 113 -

/ 31-360 (kg) 13 * 30cm (TLV) (kg) 14TLV 0.928

(RULA)

(6) (3) (4) (2) (6) (6) (2)

3 2 2 2 1 4 2 5 3

, , . 5, 3 .

5)

- 114 -

2() AAW

2004. 5. 19 , , , , ,

2

AAW

: AAW ( )

.

: AAW

, , .

- 115 -

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

3(3) 0(3) 0(3) 0(3) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 11 : 11 .


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]5 3 0.6


Limit)=0.56 0.6 .

(3)

(2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

(RULA)

(6) (3) (4) (2) (6) (6) (2)

4 2 3 2 4 4 1 7 4

. 7, 4 .

- 116 -

(4)

- 117 -

2() AAW

2004. 5. 19 , , , , ,

2

AAW

: AAW

(, ,

/ )

.

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

3(3) 0(3) 0(3) 0(3) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 2(2) 1(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 10 : 10 .

- 118 -


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]6 3 0.75


Limit)=0.56 0.75 .

(3)

(2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

(RULA)

(6) (3) (4) (2) (6) (6) (2)

4 2 2 2 1 5 1 6 3

, , . 6,

3 .

- 119 -

(4)

- 120 -

2 PW

2004. 5. 19 , , , , ,

2

PW

: PW (PW )

(, ) .

: PW (PW )

(, ,

/ )

JAW NUT .

- 121 -

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

3(3) 0(3) 0(3) 0(3) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 13 : 13 .


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]6 4 1


Limit)=0.56 1 .

(3) (2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

(4)


- 122 -

/ 13-60 (kg) 4 * 30cm (TLV) (kg) 14TLV 0.28

(5)

- 123 -

2() C/T

2004. 5. 19 , , , , ,

2

C/T

: PW C/T,

(,

)

.

: PW C/T,

( ) .

- 124 -

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

1(3) 3(3) 0(3) 3(3) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 17 : 17 ( ) .


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]


Limit)=0.56 .

(3)

(2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

(4)

- 125 -

ACGIH (Lifting TLV) : / 36 (kg) 25 * 30cm (TLV) (kg) 14TLV 1.78

(NIOSH)

- 126 -

(5)

- 127 -

2()PVC

2004. 5. 19 , , , , ,

2

PVC

: PVC ( )

( , ,

, )

PVC .

: PVC ()

( , ,

, )

PVC .

- 128 -

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

3(3) 2(3) 0(3) 2(3) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 17 : 17 ( ) .


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]4 4 0.66


Limit)=0.56 0.66 .

(3) (2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

(4)


- 129 -

/ 31 (kg) 9 * 30cm (TLV) (kg) 14TLV 0.64

(RULA)

(6) (3) (4) (2) (6) (6) (2) PVC 6 2 2 2 1 1 1 4 2

, , . 4,

2 , .

(5)

- 130 -

2() AAW

2004. 5. 20 , , , , ,

2

AAW

: AAW

( ,

)

.

: AAW

(, ,

, )

AAW JAW .

: AAW ( )

, .

- 131 -

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

3(3) 2(3) 3(3) 0(3) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 20 : 20 ( ) .

(2) - ACGIH TLV for hand Activity

(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]5 5 1


Limit)=0.56 1 .

(3)

(2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

4 10-13. 10, 12 120 . 4 .

(NIOSH)

- 132 -

(4)

- 133 -

2()

2004. 5. 19 , , , , ,

2

: ()

( )

.

:

(, ,

, )

.

- 134 -

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

3(3) 3(3) 2(3) 0(3) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 22 : 22 ( ) .


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]4 4 0.66


Limit)=0.56 0.66 .

(3)

(2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

(4)

- 135 -


(REBA)

REBA

3 2 4 2 4 2 2 10 REBA 10 3 , , .

- 136 -

(5)

- 137 -

2004. 5. 20 , , , , ,

2

S/W

: SOCKET ( )

(, ) SOCKET .

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

3(3) 3(3) 0(3) 0(3) 2(2) 1(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 17 : 17 ( ) .

- 138 -


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]5 1 0.2


Limit)=0.56 0.2 .

(3)

(2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

(4)


- 139 -

(5)

- 140 -

2

2004. 5. 20 , , , , ,

2

(1) - ANSI Z-365

/

/

/

3(3) 0(3) 1(3) 0(3) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 14 : 14 .


(HAL) (NPF) [NPF/(10-HAL)]5 1 0.2


Limit)=0.56 0.2 .

- 141 -

(3)

(2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/)

(4)

- 142 -

.

1. MK 134(89.93%), 54(36.24%), 28(18.79%), 25(16.78%) . MK , .

2. MK (ANSI ), ( ), . , , , .

3. MK (, , ) ( , , , , ) , , , . .

4. , , , , , , , . .

5. , . , . . .

- 143 -

6. .

1) .

2) , .

3) .

4) , . , .

5) . . 50 10 . .

6) , . , .

7) , .

[2004] mk버팔로 근골격계질환 진단 및 대안마련을 위한 연구 보고서

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