[2008] 현대자동차 판매, 남양 조합원 직무 스트레스 실태조사 및 대안마련을...
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- 1. , - 2 -2008 11
2. ( ) 2 . 2008 11 3. 1. () 2. () ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) 3. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 4. . 1. - 1 1 2. 3 3. 6. 1. 2007 1 1.1. 1.1.1. 1.1.2. 1.1.3. 1.1.4. 1.2. - 1.2.1. 1.2.2. 1.2.3. 23 23 23 24 24 25 26 27 27 282. 2 29 2.1. 29 2.2. () 29 2.3. 30 3. 2 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.3.1. 3.3.2. 3.3.3. 3.3.4. 3.3.5. 4. 32 32 33 33 33 33 35 35 38 45 5. 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. 4.5. 4.6. 4.7. 4.8. 45 61 97 107 114 126 141 162. 1. 2007 1 1.1. 1.1.1. 1.1.2. 1.1.3. 1.2. - 1.2.1. 1.2.2. 1.2.3. 179 179 179 180 181 182 182 183 1832. 2 3. 2 3.1. 3.2. 3.2.1. 3.2.2. 3.2.3. 3.2.4. 3.3. 3.4. 3.4.1. 3.4.2. 3.4.3. 4. 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. 4.5. 4.6. 4.7. 4.8. 184 185 185 185 185 186 187 188 192 193 193 193 194 196 196 201 213 221 228 236 245 254 6. . 1. ( ) 259 1.1. 259 1.1.1. (Management Standards for Work-related Stress) 259 1.1.2. 261 1.1.3. 262 1.2. 264 1.2.1. 264 1.2.2. 265 1.2.3. 265 1.2.4. 266 1.2.5. 266 1.2.6. 267 2. 268 2.1. 268 2.1.1. 268 2.1.2. 270 2.2. 271 2.3. 274 2.3.1. (, 2000) 274 2.3.2. (, 2002) 277 2.4. 280 3. 281 3.1. 281 3.2. 281 3.3. 282 3.4. EAP( ) 282 3.5. 282 4. 284 4.1. 284 4.2. 285 7. . . 1. - 1 , 1 , , . , , . 2007 260 , 4 1 1998 10 6 . . , . , 30 40 . 1~2% , 5 1, 10 1 . , 1 8. , [2] 5 , 10 . 1 . , . , , . , . , . . , , . . , . , , . , 1 . . 1 2 9. . , , , . , . ----- . 2. , 2 1 , 3 , . 1 , 3 , . 2008 3 , .3 10. , [2] 1. , ( : 2008 3 20) (1 ) , . . 2 (2008 3~2008 9) 1 , . 1 , . . , . , 3 . 3 (2008 12~2009 6) , . 4 11. . . . . 2 2008 3 4 5 6 7 8 93 2008 / 2009 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 O O 1 18 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 2 O 3 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O5 12. , [2]3. , 1 , , . . < 2> . , 3 . . 2 3 3 , . , . 1) . 2 , . . . 7 , 1) . . , .6 13. . . , 2 . , 2 3 2 . 2 , 3 . , . . 1 , , . 3 , . , , . .7 14. , [2] 2. 2 1 2008-03-07 3 [], [](1) [](, ),() [] 1. 1) - '' . . - . 3 . - ONE-STOP , . - 434 . , . 2) - .2. 1) * - 6 ; 4 . 3/10 - 18 ; - ( 3+4) , . . . * ; . . , . 3 4 . * ; 5 6 . 2~7 . * ; 8 15. . * ; 4 . * , , 2 . . 2) * * * * ; 3 ; 3-4 / ; 3. - 5 - 4 / - 4/20~ 2 2 2008 5 8 [] [], [], [] 1. 3/07 3/14 3/17 3/31 4/04 4/11 4/17 5/08() () () () () () () ()1 / / (1 ) / (1 ) / (1 ) / ( ) / (1 ) / ( ) 2 / 2. 1) 9 16. , [2]- - () - 2) 3- , 4- , 5- , . // 6- , 7- ( ), 8- 1 ( ), 9- 3) - ; . - ; / , // / . * ; cost innovation side . . . ( ) , , 5/8 5/19 , , 6/2~6/13 6/30 7 (1 )10 17. . - ; , , - ; , ( ) - / ; ( , ) - ; , ( ) - ; / . ( ) - ; (), (, , , ), , , ( ) , - ; , , ( ) , , - ; , , , * . 1 , . * 30~40 ( 20 ) - 6/2~6/13( 9) 2~4 . - 1 1 . - 1~3 , 1 2 . - , . - .11 18. , [2]4) - / - 1.5~2 2~2.5 . - ; / 1 . ( ) - , . - // 5) 5/14() 5/19() 2 / 6/2() 6/5() () : 6/3() 1) - - - 2) 3~4 - (2 ) - , , . 5~6 - (, ) : 5/9, 5/13, 5/14, 5/15, 5/16, 5/19 6 : 5/20, 5/21, 5/22, 5/27 4 - () - ; 6/19-20(). - 18 - 12 19. . 7~8 - ; /, / , . ( , , ) 9 - ; - 3) 18 - . - , / . 5 6/13 , , 6/13~ - / 1 ( ) ; - , / - 1 1 . 4) , , , 5) - 18 () ; 6 ( . )13 20. , [2]- // . 6 7 8 ( 3 , 2 ) 2 3 : : : :2008 6 26 15 [] [] [] [] , [] / [] / [] /1. (5/8 2 ) 1) (6/2~6/12) - 8 - : 52 : 30 5, 31~40 29, 41 18 : 3, 17, 32 : 20, 28, 2, 2 - 2) - : 5/9~5/19 6, 5/20~5/27 4 - : , . 18 . , . (6/20, ) - : 1 14 21. . (6/24, ) - : , , , /, - : 1 N-TOPS . . (1) , , (2)2 , (3)2 .2. 1) - : 2( , ) 7 1 . - : (7/2 ) - . 7 2 8 . - : 3 + 1 . - 2~3 - . , . - 8 . / , / , . ( , 7 2 ) 2) - 6/13 , , . - : 4 , 1 , 2 , 15 22. , [2] 1 8 . - : 7/4 8 , . 7 2 7 . - 2~4, / 1, 1 : , . - (1~2), : . - : / ( ) . , . - : . . /. - : . , . . 3) - . 4) - 7 40% . 2 4 : 2008 9 19 11 : : [], [], [], [ ]16 23. . 1. (6/26 3 ) 7/1() 1 7/2() - , 7/4() 7/9() - , 7/11() 1 - , ( , ), 7/24() (40%) 8/25() 2 - * , 2. 1) - . 52 . . , . , [] . [] [] . [] . [] [] . [] , [] [] , , .17 24. , [2] , /// . , .- 1 1 . - 5 1 10 , . - 7 11 9 2 , . - 9 26 . 9/25 . : 04-001 1 04-003 04-004 04-010 90% . .1 1 11 1 . .16-06516-083 WG _ .20-022 . _ .16-08418 2 , 3 1 ... 25. . 20-02320-02620-060 1 . 1 . 1 . . , .1111 .2) - . * : , , , , , , , 8 * : (/), (, /), (/), (, ), () - ( ) 1. 2. 3. , , 4. , 5. 6. 7. 8. ----AS , 9. ( ) 10. 11. 12. DC, 13. 14. , , 15. N-TOPS , ( ) 16. , 17. , 19 26. , [2]18. 19. 20. 21. , 22. , 23. IMF 24. , , , , , , 25. , 26. 27. , , , , 28. , 29. , , - . 10 7 , 10 8 , . - , . - 10 11 . - . . - , 3 , .3) - .20 27. . - , . , . . - 2 , , 9 24 2 . - . - 2 11 17() . ( ) 2 5 : 2008 11 21 11 : : [], [], [] [] 1. ( ) - 2 - , . - . - , , . - 1 .21 28. , [2]2. - 11 11, 6, 7 . - . - 2 .22 29. . . 1. 2007 1 2)1.1.1.1.1. , , . , 1980 7~8 2000 3~4, 18~20 . 2002 , , 3 2 , . 4 1 , . 2007 22 2010 18 , . 2) , 1 .23 30. , [2]1.1.2. . 1996 --- . , , , . . . --- . , . , , . . , , . , , . , . 1.1.3. . . , , . 24 31. . , . ( ) , . , . . , . . 40 . . , , . . , , . 1.1.4. 33.4 , , . 77% , 87% . 25 32. , [2] . , () () . 28% 63% , 87% . 2.63% 30% , 12.5% . . 3 40%, 21%, 15%, 47%, 41%, 21% . . . . . , 10 . 1.2. - , , . 5 , . .26 33. . 1.2.1. , . , . . , . (Man-hour) , . 31.5% . 1.2.2. . . , . , . . . 2 , 27 34. , [2] . 1.2.3. . , , , . , . , . . . , , . , , . . .28 35. . 2. 2 2.1. 1 , ( ) . 2 , , , , . , (Cost Innovation) . , , , , . , . , , , // . 2.2. () () . , , 8 . 29 36. , [2] . , 10 . , . . , . . , . , , . , / . , . . 2.3. . ( ) , , 30 37. . . , . (Man-hour) , . , . 10 . , . , . . , .31 38. , [2]3. 2 3.1. 1 . 3 1 2 . 1 1 , . 4 6 . 6 , . 3. ()2008-03-17-1 2008-03-31-1 2008-04-17- 4~6 2008-06-05, 2008-06-1232 39. . 3.2. 2007 1 , 8 , , , . 2 8 43 , . 3.3.3.3.1. : . : / , // / . : , . . 3.3.2. . . 1 , . 33 40. , [2] . 4. ; , , / ; , ( ) / ; , ; , ( ) ; / ( ) ; (), (, , , ), , , ( ) , ; , , ( ) , , ; , , , 2, 2, 5, 1 5, 2 5, 3 4, 4 2, 9, 8, 5, 1, 2, 1 52 8 . , 2 , 19 , 3 , 38 .34 41. . 3.3.3. . . , (GE) 2 . , . , , . 3.3.4. 18 , . . 5. . 2007 1 , . , . . . , . . 35 42. , [2] / ------------------------------------------------------------------- : () : : : : : / / : _______________________ _____________________ : / / : [ ]----------------------------------------------------------1. . ( 5 , , 7 , 8 , ) 2. ? ? 3. ( ) . , ? ? 4. ? ? 5. ? ? ? 6. , , ? 7. ? 8. ? ?36 43. . 9. ? ? 10. / ? . 11. ? . 12. . ? ? 13. , ? 14. . / ? / ? ( ) 15. / ? ? 16. / ? ? ? 17. , , . / ? 18. ? , . [ ]----------------------------------------------------------1. ; / 2. ; , , 37 44. , [2] , 3. ; , ( ) 4. / ; , 5. ; , 6. , , , 7. , ; (), (, , , ), , , ( ) , 8. ; , , ( ) , , 3.3.5. (, , / ) ,,( , , / ) . , .38 45. . 1) - , , . - . . - . , , , . . - , . - . - , , ? . 2) - , . . , , , . . - . , .39 46. , [2] 6. - ... ... ... ... ... . ... . ... ... ... ... ... . , . . . . , . , , , .3) - ; , . , , , . . 40 47. . - , , . - , ( ) . . - . . , . - , . - . , , . . (: AIDS , AIDS , / , .) ; () ; . . , . ; . ; , , , . (: , .) 41 48. , [2]4) - ... . ... . - , . . . - , ... , . , , . 5) , . , , . ; . , . [()]-[()] , [] [] . , 42 49. . , . , 8 . , [] . 8 35 [] , [] . 7. 04-001 04-003 04-004 1 1 104-010 90% . .1104-011 .1104-012 11 04-011 (1) 8. _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _43 50. , [2] ; [] [] . [] , [] [] . [] , [] [ ] , , . ; , /// . ; , .44 51. . 4. 4.1. 1 . , . . . . 9. - 44.4 44.455.6 -33.3 33.344.4 33.344.5 44.5* 12,631 ( , 2004). * . * 1 . , , . .45 52. , [2] 10. 01 - () 88 5.27 422 25.27 1016 60.84 144 8.6294 10.99 341 39.88 396 46.32 24 2.818 4.08 25 12.76 137 69.90 26 13.270 0.00 2 40.00 2 40.00 1 20.00190 6.97 790 28.98 1551 56.9 195 7.15167085519652726* 2007 1 . 35.95%. 50.87%, 30.54%, 16.83% . , . , , . ( , ?) , . - N40 . . . N13 , , 46 53. . (). , . , . , . , . , , . , . N12 . . . . , , . ( ?) , .[] - N99 . . , . . , , . , . - N38, , . 2007 64.05% . 47 54. , [2] . . , . , . , , , , . . . . , . . . . - N37 , . . , . . - N38 ( , , ?) ? , . ( ?) . . ( ?) . . . - N17 . . , . , , . , 250 . . , . , , . . ( ?) . . . . - N24 , . . ( ?) . . 48 55. . . 1 . . , . ( ?) . . - N06 . . , , , . . . . , . . , . - N11 3 () . . 160 , . , , ( ?) . () . ?, ( ). - N02 . , . , , . . , . N52 . . . , . , . - N0349 56. , [2] 11. 02 - () 423 25.31 685 40.99 458 27.41 105 6.2834 3.97 211 24.65 461 53.86 150 17.5266 33.67 93 47.45 33 16.84 4 2.043 60.00 1 20.00 1 20.00 0 0.00526 19.28 990 36.29 953 34.93 259 9.49167185619652728* 2007 1 . 44.42%, 71.38%, 33.69%, 18.88%. . , . . . . , () . , . , . . - N47 , , . . . , . . . - N38 , , . . , . - N1650 57. . . . , . - N19 . , , . . . . . - N35 . , . - - , . , . 20? 20, 30? . . () , . 8, 8 10 . () 5, 6 , . 4, 5 , . () . , . . . . , , . , . ( ?) . . , , , , . - N38 . . ( ? 2 1 ?) , , . , , . 51 58. , [2] . - N19 .. , () . 3000PSI . . . . - N32 . , , . . , , . . , . 10 . - N29 30, 26( ?) , , , . ( ?) , . ( ?) , . - N40 .52 59. . . . , . . ( ?) . ( ?) . . . - N32 . , . , , . , , , . . . 2, 3 , . . . ( ?) , . ( ?) . . . . ( ) . - N39 . . 53 60. , [2] . , . . , . - N10 , ~ ~ . - N15, . 8 2 , 1 . . , , . ( ?) . . . . ( ?) ~ ? (). ( ) . , , . . - N10 () , . . . , . . , . , , . . . . . - N3654 61. . , . . - - . , . . . 6 . . . , . (...) , . , ... . . . ( ) , , . ... .. . . , . . . . ... . - N14 . , . , , . . , , . , , , , . N0155 62. , [2] 12. 03 - () 142 8.51 925 55.46 502 30.10 99 5.9432 3.74 393 45.96 348 40.70 82 9.5927 13.78 121 61.73 40 20.41 8 4.082 40.00 2 40.00 1 20.00 0 0.00203 7.45 1441 52.9 891 32.71 189 6.94166885519652724* 2007 1 . 39.65%, 50.29%, 36.04%, 24.49%. . 2007 1 , () 1 85.9, 1 67.4, 3) 73.2 65.8 . 1,719(62.60%) , 28.15%. 67.59% , 31.37% . , 2 . 40.7 16.7. 17 , 40 , 3) / 3(2005) 25,215 19 .56 63. . . . , , . , . . 2 1, , . . . . . . . . - N35 ( ?) 2 , 1 []. - N40 , 40 . , . , . - N18 . . , . . , , . . . . - N29 . . . - N31 . , . - N2957 64. , [2] , , . () - N31 . 2007 1 60% , 26.06%, 31.47% . 30.0, 30.1 , . . . . . . . . - N28 . . - N06 ( ) . . ... , . - N01 . . . - N99 . . . ( ?) . ( ?) . 3-4 . , . , . 3-4 , . , . - N99 . 58 65. . . - N10 , . . . . . . - N08 . . ( ?) , , ,, ? - N28 . ( ) , . . . , 50 10, 15 , . - N99 11 . , 2-3 . , . . - N99, , . , .59 66. , [2] . . . - N0660 67. . 4.2. , , . 1 . , , . , . 13. - 58.3 58.341.7 -50.0 45.854.2 54.250.1 54.2* 12,631 ( , 2004). * . * 1 . , , , , , () , , 8 . .61 68. , [2] 14. 04 - () 19 1.14 536 32.13 846 50.72 267 16.0130 3.54 561 66.16 220 25.94 37 4.365 2.56 117 60.00 59 30.26 14 7.180 0.00 1 20.00 4 80.00 0 0.0054 1.99 1215 44.73 1129 41.57 318 11.71166884819552716* 2007 1 . 53.28% , 66.73% 37.44% 30.3% . . . , . () , 8 . . . 2 2 . -N08 . () .. 1.5 2 . -N13 ( )62 69. . 6 9 , , . - N42 () 2-3 . M+18, M+20 2 , 2 . 3 , 1-2 . - N20 () . 7 ... , ... . . . ... -N01 , , . , , . . , . () 5-6 . . () 5-6 3 , 5 , , , , . - N51 3 4 5 . - N42 . . . 3? (1-2 3 1-2 ) . () 60% 20% ... . ( ) 9 . 563 70. , [2] . 5 . ( ) . . - N27 , , , 1 . , . 2007 1 , . . . . . . () , . . ( ) . . , , . () , , . . , . - N12 , , . , . , . 1 . () . . 1 , , . . ( ?) . . () . ( ?) ?[] . . - N12 . . . - N3364 71. . 15. 05 - () 13 0.78 274 16.41 974 58.32 409 24.4949 5.74 478 55.97 292 34.19 35 4.103 1.55 52 26.80 113 58.25 26 13.400 0.00 1 20.00 3 60.00 1 20.0065 2.39 805 29.56 1382 50.75 471 17.3167085419452723* 2007 1 . 68.05% , 82.81%, 38.29% 43 . 71.65% . . , . , , , , . CI() . , . 8 30 10 . . , 2 , , , , . , , , 65 72. , [2] , , -N02 . . , , . . -N14 . . 60-70% ... . A B C . . . . . . . 6 9 . . , . . . , . -N06 . . . 5 . . , . () () , , ? . . . . 8 . . -N02 . . . . .( ) 50 100. ...... 66 73. . 100 .() 20-30, 20 . () . . . . . -N06 " " . . . . . . . so . , . . . -N09 . . 1 10.5, 8 9 13, 7 11.5 . . 1 24.29% . , 5 1.55% . . . 7 , 9 , . [, ] 6 20 6 40 . . . 7 40 . 10 . . , .67 74. , [2][, ] 7 . 9 10 12 . 7 , , . [, ] 7 20 6 50 . . [, ] 5 30 6 . 7 30 . . 9 1 1 . [, ] 5 30 6 30 . 7 30 . . 9 10 30 . . . 7 30 . . [, ] 6 30 7 10 . 9 . . 9 30, TV 11, 12 . . [, ] 5 40 6 20 . 10 9 , , . 12 30 . . , , 9 . 5 . [, ] 5 50 6 . 9 10 40. 12 . . 9 .68 75. . 16. 06 - () 21 1.26 522 31.31 830 49.79 294 17.6426 3.04 480 56.14 309 36.14 40 4.685 2.56 88 45.13 84 43.08 18 9.23166785519500.00 00.00 480.00 120.00 552 1.91 1090 40.04 1227 45.08 353 12.97 2722* 2007 1 . 58.05%, 67.43%, 52.31%, 40.82%. . , . , . 24 3 . . 25 10 2 . 18 , , 3-4 . -N02 5. 3. ... ... . 3~4 . . ... 2~3 . ... ... -N09 1 ( ) 3 , . 1 3 ( 4 ) 2 . -N4869 76. , [2] 2.5 3.5 5 4.5 9.5 8 11.5 , 3 , , . -N14 . . 2002 . 2 . 2 . , . , 5, 10 , . . - N51 . ~ -N43 ( ) 84 100 94 130, 2004 2004 200. 250. 98 IMF 2 ... OA 84 . -N34 . . ...2006 . . . 2006 , , . -N22 , . , . . [] , () . 70 77. . . . ? , . . -N11 , . , . , , , . ? () , . , , -N12 , , . -N17 , . , , . , . , . . . . , . , , , . -N24 , -N4371 78. , [2] 17. 07 - () 267 16.02 996 59.75 377 22.62 27 1.62112 13.13 595 69.75 129 15.12 17 1.9937 18.88 124 63.27 31 15.82 4 2.042 40.00 2 40.00 1 20.00 0 0.00418 15.36 1717 63.1 538 19.77 48 1.76166785319652721* 2007 1 . 21.53%, 24.24%, 17.11%, 17.86% . . , , . 20 , , . , , , . , , . . 1 . , - 72 79. . , . , . , . . -N39 ( ) . . () , . . . , . . -N06 . , . . () . . [] -N11 , . , . ( ) . . -N14 . 2-3 , 10 . ( ?) ....[]... . ( ). -N02 () (). , .73 80. , [2]. . . . . () . . () () ... , . 2, 2 , . . . , . () . , . , . , . . , ( ). -N02 . ... . . ( ) . . . . . . , . -N22 ( ) . . , . , 8 . 2 . . , . [] -N24 20 . , 20 . , , . , . 20 , . , 74 81. . . . . . . . . , . . . . -N40 . 2 , . " , " " , 2 , " . . , . , , . , , , 2 , . . -N21 , . , 75 82. , [2] . , , . . . ( ?) , . . . . ( ?) . ( ? ) . ( ?) . ( ?) . . , . . ( ?) . - N30 18. 08 - () 20 1.20 371 22.22 1028 61.56 251 15.0322 2.57 410 47.90 355 41.47 69 8.062 1.03 74 37.95 101 51.79 18 9.231 20.00 0 0.00 4 80.00 0 0.0045 1.65 855 31.36 1488 54.49 338 12.4167085619552726* 2007 1 . 66.89%, 76.58%, 49.53%, 61.02%. , 76 83. . . . , 2 20 2 20 2 20 , ? . . . 6, 7 8 . . . . () () . . . . -N08 19. 09 - () () 92 5.52 764 45.83 784 47.03 27 1.6221 2.46 391 45.73 435 50.88 8 0.9411 5.61 80 40.82 103 52.55 2 1.021 20.00 2 40.00 2 40.00 0 0.00125 4.59 1237 45.43 1324 48.62 37 1.36166785519652723* 2007 1 . () 50.02%, 51.35%, 48.19%, 46.43% . , 77 84. , [2] . . , . . . ( ) , . . - 1 , 10 ? - , . , , . , . - 10 3 . - . 10 , 10 . . , .. - . , , . . , . , . , . 10 . . . , . 10 . . -N2378 85. . . . . . 10~15 . . 10~15 . 10~1010 . 10~1010 . . . . . -N38 . 10 . , ( ) . .. -N13 . , , . . , , . () , , . . -N99 , . , . . .79 86. , [2] , . ( ?) . . N02 ? . . . . 10 . 10 . 1, 1 . . , . -N11 . . -N48 . . , . , . () . . . . , . 10, 10 , . . -N191990 . . . . . . . ,, . . . . 80 87. . . -N28, , . , , . . . .. .. .. -N33 , . , -N10 . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . -N28 . . 100 . , . , . . -N1681 88. , [2] 20. 10 - () 41 2.47 641 38.54 756 45.46 225 13.5344 5.16 631 73.97 167 19.58 11 1.296 3.08 110 56.41 63 32.31 16 8.210 0.00 2 40.00 2 40.00 1 20.0091 3.35 1384 50.96 988 36.38 253 9.32166385319552716* 2007 1 .1 45.7%, 58.99%, 20.87%, 40.52%. . 3 , . , , . , , 8 , . -N17 () . . 30 , . . . , , . -N1182 89. . . . .21 22 . 21 22 . , . 5 , . . . , , . -N285 . . . . . . . . . , . , , . () . -N19 , . . . . . ( ) 10 10 . . ( ) . -N02 30 . . . , . . 83 90. , [2] . , . . , . , . () . . . . () . . . , . . .-N17 . , . . . , . . . . . -N06 , . . . , . . [] -N05 () ? ? . ( ) " " . -N09 , *** , . , , . 10, , 2, 3 . ( ) . () .84 91. . , , . . . 7~8 . . 10% . . . -N26 . . () . . . . . . . . -N14 . 5 , . . , . 5 . 5 . , . . . ( ?) . 85 92. , [2] , 7, 9 . . . . . . -N99 , . , , , . . , . , . , . . " " , , , ( ) ... . , " . ". , . . . . . . . . . , . , , , , , . , . , . . - 86 93. . 21. 11 - () 13 0.78 208 12.46 1106 66.23 343 20.5434 3.99 447 52.46 342 40.14 29 3.42 1.03 34 17.44 133 68.21 26 13.330 0 0 0 4 80 1 2049 1.8 689 25.31 1585 58.23 399 14.66167085219552722* 2007 1 . 72.89%, 86.77%, 43.54%, 81.54%. . . 2~3 . A4 . . - N03 , ... , , CI, ... .-N02 , , , , A4 3 . 3. -N17 . . . 8 . . , , . -N0287 94. , [2] CI(Cost Innovation), . 2007 , , , . 2007 3500 , 2008 8000 . 1 2 . . CI . , . 60~70% CI . . . . . 6-70% ? 5-10% . . - N45 ( ). CI . CI . . . . CI , CI , . , . . , . . . , . . - N17CI . 2007 , , . 88 95. . ~ ... ** . ... , () , , . . () , 100% 120% . ... . . 120% 105% , , 100% ... . , . () ~ . () CI , , ... () () ~ -N01 ** (CI) , , . . ( ) . - N17 3 ... ... ? . -N09 . . . A A1 . . , . A2 , A2 A1 A2 . , . . . . , - N17 . , . , . 100 . , . . . . . . . . -N17CI . 89 96. , [2] , . , 10 , CI 8 0.7 , 7 , , [] -N02 . CI . . , , ... ... ~ -N01CI , , . . . % . , , *** . *** . , . . CI CI , . , . () CI . . . CI . . , . . . - N17 , . CI 90 97. . . . ~ () .-N01 . . . , . 2. .-N36 . . , , 1 . , , .-N01 . . ... ... , . ... . . . % , , , . -N02 , , . , . . . 1 1, 3 1? ... , . 91 98. , [2] . . , , . -N17 10 . 10 , ~ . . [ ] . , , ~ . 10 ...-N01 . . 1~2 3~4 3~4 . 1~2 . . . -N36 . ~ ... ... . ... . ... 100 70 30 . . 30 ? ? ... ? -N09 CI DFSS(Design for Six Sigma) , , , , , . , ? ? . , . 92 99. . . . () ~ -N43 ( ) , . , . . , ~ . . . 12, 1 . 10 11 12 , 1 , 2 . . . - N35 . . . . , , , . , . 18 , . . . . () 10 -N04 . 4 1 . . () . . , () . . . . -N5193 100. , [2] . , . , ,, . . , . , . . . . , 9 . -N17 . . . . . . -N22 . . , , , , . " " , () , , , , , , , .-N99 . () . . . -N43 ( ?) . 94 101. . . . . . . , . . .. . -N45 . . . , ? , , . , , () . . . . () . . (?) 1 . ( ?) 3 4 , . , , . ? , , . ( ?) 4 5 , . 4, 3 4 . ()95 102. , [2]5 . ( ?) 7 8 . ( ?) 7 8 , 6 7 . , . ( ?) , , , , . , ( ) . -N4296 103. . 4.3. . 1 , , . , , . 22. - 53.3 46.753.3 -53.3 53.353.3 53.353.4 60.1* 12,631 ( , 2004). * . * 1 . , . , . 2 , . , ( , , ) , , , , 5 . 97 104. , [2] . 23. 12 - () 56 3.36 330 19.78 948 56.83 334 20.0233 3.88 411 48.3 373 43.83 34 47 3.57 68 34.69 106 54.08 15 7.651 20 1 20 2 40 1 2097 3.57 810 29.78 1429 52.54 384 14.12166885119652720* 2007 1 . 33.35%, 23.14%, 52.18%, 38.26%. . , . , , , , . , , . , , . -N16 . . . 98 105. . . , . . -N42 , . , , . . , . . , , , . , , , , , , . . . , . , , . . -N12 , . . . , . . , . 4, , 4? 4 ? 4 ? 4 . 4 , , . , PM . , , , 10 . , . . , . , , . -N1799 106. , [2] 24. 13 - ( , , ) () 17 1.02 378 22.63 947 56.71 328 19.6426 3.04 441 51.64 339 39.7 48 5.623 1.53 70 35.71 96 48.98 27 13.780 0 1 20 1 20 3 6046 1.69 890 32.66 1383 50.75 406 14.9167085419652725* 2007 1 .1 ( , , ) 65.65%, 76.35%, 45.32%, 62.76%. , 10 10 , . . , . , , , (M) M+22, M+20 . . . , , . 100 107. . , ? , . , . . . -N12 , . , , . -N45 () . , . -N15 . , . . ** () , , 5 7 . . 7 . . () . () . . - N37 . , . -N47 . . . -N29 , . . M+18, M+16, . 101 108. , [2] . , . , . 25. 14 - () 36 2.15 454 27.17 900 53.86 281 16.8224 2.81 352 41.17 410 47.95 69 8.079 4.59 78 39.8 88 44.9 21 10.711 20 3 60 1 20 0 070 2.57 887 32.53 1399 51.3 371 13.6167185519652727* 2007 1 . 64.9%, 70.68%, 56.02%, 55.61%. , . , 1 . . . -N16 102 109. . -N42 . , . . . ... . . , ... ~ ...-N01 . ... , ... . , , . , . , . 5 , , , ... , , , ... , ... . -N02 . . . . -N23 R&D , R&D Research Development . , () , .. , .. , , 103 110. , [2] . -N14 26. 15 - , () 180 10.79 831 49.82 629 37.71 28 1.6870 8.2 502 58.78 271 31.73 11 1.2923 11.73 107 54.59 63 32.14 3 1.531 20 4 80 0 0 0 0274 10.06 1444 53.03 963 35.37 42 1.54166885419652723* 2007 1 ., 63.09%, 60.61%, 66.98%, 66.32%. , . , , . , . , . -N11 . . , .104 111. . , . . . , . . () . () . -N06 . . ... ... ? ? ... . ? ... -N09 ( ) . -N17 . . . .. .. 3 . . -N33 27. 16 - () 196 11.74 875 52.4 578 34.61 21 1.2667 7.85 436 51.11 342 40.09 8 0.9416 8.16 87 44.39 87 44.39 6 3.063 60 2 40 0 0 0 0282 10.35 1400 51.4 1007 36.97 35 1.28167085319652724* 2007 1 . 61.75%, 64.14%, 58.96%, 105 112. , [2] 52.55%. . . . , ~ . 910 910 . ~ . . - N07 , , . , . -N45 . . . . . , . . 100% . . . 2 . . . [] . , , , . , . . . . . . . .[] -N11106 113. . 4.4. . 1 . . . . , . . , , , . . .107 114. , [2] 28. - 33.3 41.741.7 -41.7 37.533.3 41.733.4 33.4* 12,631 ( , 2004). * . * 1 .2 . , , , . 29. 17 - .() 107 6.41 355 21.28 1111 66.61 95 5.751 5.98 309 36.23 480 56.27 13 1.5212 6.12 48 24.49 126 64.29 10 5.10 0 2 40 3 60 0 0170 6.25 714 26.23 1720 63.19 118 4.34166885319652722* 2007 1 . 32.48%, 27.69%, 42.21%, 30.61%. , 108 115. . . , , , - . , . . , , . -N39 . , . 2 , ... . . ... . -N02 , . . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . . -N28109 116. , [2] . . () . .. .. . -N48 30. 18 - .() 34 2.03 253 15.14 1271 76.06 113 6.7622 2.58 156 18.27 645 75.53 31 3.638 4.12 39 20.1 139 71.65 8 4.121 20 0 0 4 80 0 065 2.39 448 16.45 2059 75.59 152 5.58167185419452724* 2007 1 . 18.84%, 17.17%, 20.85%, 24.22%. , . , , . , 110 117. . . . , , . -N17 . . . . . . . . . . 1818 . , . . . , . . . . . -N28 ~ , -N41 31. 19 - .() 54 3.24 305 18.29 1217 72.96 92 5.5220 2.34 256 29.91 562 65.65 18 2.114 7.14 42 21.43 133 67.86 7 3.570 0 0 0 5 100 0 088 3.23 603 22.13 1917 70.35 117 4.29166885619652725* 2007 1 .111 118. , [2] 32. 20 - () 32 1.92 153 9.16 1343 80.42 142 8.515 1.75 154 17.99 655 76.52 32 3.744 2.04 23 11.73 158 80.61 11 5.610 0 0 0 5 100 0 051 1.87 330 12.1 2161 79.24 185 6.78167085619652727* 2007 1 . 25.36%, 21.53%, 32.25%, 28.57%. , 13.97%, 11.08%, 19.74%, 13.77%. . . ... . . . . . -N01 , . . . . . . . . . . . -N11112 119. . . . . ... . 2 ... . . () , . , ... .. -N02113 120. , [2]4.5. , . 1 , . . 33. - 50.0 44.455.6 -50.0 55.650.0 50.050.1 50.1* 12,631 ( , 2004). * . * 1 . , () , , , 2 , () . .114 121. . 34. 21 - () 81 4.88 854 51.41 650 39.13 76 4.58208 24.41 532 62.44 107 12.56 5 0.5920 10.2 113 57.65 57 29.08 6 3.060 0 2 40 2 40 1 20309 11.39 1501 55.31 816 30.07 88 3.24166185219652714* 2007 1 . 66.7%, 56.29%, 86.85%, 67.85%. , , . , . 40 , . , 115 122. , [2] -N39 . , , , , . .-N20 . . . -N14 . ... . . , , , . -N02 , . . . -N26116 123. . 35. 22 - () () 105 6.32 962 57.92 535 32.21 59 3.55284 33.26 536 62.76 32 3.75 2 0.2327 13.78 113 57.65 52 26.53 4 2.040 0 2 40 1 20 2 40416 15.32 1613 59.39 620 22.83 67 2.47166185419652716* 2007 1 . () 74.71%, 64.24%, 96.02%, 71.43% . . . 20 , , , , , . N_21_108@ [] 20 . , . , . 20 . 20 , , 3 , . . N_39_416@ , 117 124. , [2] . N_40_348@ . [] . ? ? 40 N_41_126@ , , 5 1 2 3 ? 5 , N_42_220@ , , , , , , . N_01_230@ ... ... ... , . CI CI . . , , . . . N_02_255@ ... ... , . . . N_11_067@ . . 118 125. . . . . N_12_472@ ... , , .. N_14_199@ . . . . . N_17_274@ , .. ... . N_22_294@ , ...... . . , . N_23_109@ . GM . . . ... . . . . . . N_24_184@ , . , , . N_27_146@ . . . . N_28_072@ , . . . N_37_094@ 119 126. , [2] . N_43_074@ . . N_45_146@ IQS . , .. N_48_173@ . . ...... . ... . , , , . N_36_106@ . . . . . . . .120 127. . 36. 23 - () 67 4.03 853 51.29 633 38.06 110 6.6146 5.39 488 57.21 278 32.59 41 4.816 3.06 103 52.55 71 36.22 16 8.160 0 2 40 2 40 1 20119 4.38 1446 53.22 984 36.22 168 6.18166385319652717* 2007 1 . 42.4%, 44.67%, 37.4%, 44.38% . 37. 24 - () 247 14.83 1085 65.13 305 18.31 29 1.7488 10.4 557 65.84 192 22.7 9 1.0628 14.29 126 64.29 39 19.9 3 1.530 0 3 60 2 40 0 0363 13.38 1771 65.28 538 19.83 41 1.51166684619652713* 2007 1 . 78.66%, 79.96%, 76.24%, 121 128. , [2] 74.58% . . . , . N_14_271@ . 2005 2006 2 . . . . , , . . . . , . , , . . . , , . . . . .. .. . N_02_375@ , , . ... ?[] . . N_22_426@ . . , . ... N_29_182@ 50 . . N_40_398@ , N_47_144@ , . . . . , . () . 122 129. . , . . , , . N_01_022@ ...[] , . 3 . . . . N_17_458@ , , . , , . , , , . N_04_008@ ( ) ... . N_09_332@ () . . . . 150... 150 300 . . ? . . N_22_038@ 8 8 . . , . ... . .8 10 , , . N_22_084@ ( ?) , . [] , . N_27_168@ . . . ( ?) .123 130. , [2] 38. 25 - 2 () 272 16.33 1186 71.19 197 11.82 11 0.6691 10.69 653 76.73 100 11.75 7 0.8233 16.92 136 69.74 21 10.77 5 2.561 20 3 60 1 20 0 0397 14.61 1978 72.8 319 11.74 23 0.85166685119552717* 2007 1 . 2 12.59%, 12.48%, 12.57%, 13.33%. 7~8 , 2 . 39. 26 - () () 96 5.77 893 53.7 622 37.4 52 3.1339 4.59 483 56.89 302 35.57 25 2.9410 5.13 97 49.74 77 39.49 11 5.640 0 0 0 4 80 1 20145 5.35 1473 54.31 1005 37.06 89 3.28166384919552712* 2007 1 .124 131. . () 40.34%, 40.53%, 38.51%, 45.13%. 0 . , . . . . , , . . () ( ) IMF , . ... 0, . . 1 , 0 . 0 . , , 20 , . ( .) . . . -N102125 132. , [2]4.6. , , , , , . 1996 --- . , , . . ( ), ( ), ( ) , . . , . , . 40. - 57.1 61.957.1 -57.1 61.957.1 61.952.4 52.4* 12,631 ( , 2004). * . * 1 . , (, ) , , , , , , 126 133. . , , , , , , . . 41. 27 - , (, ) () 204 12.37 863 52.33 577 34.99 5 0.3146 17.34 459 54.51 232 27.55 5 0.5931 16.06 104 53.89 56 29.02 2 1.041 20 4 80 0 0 0 0382 14.21 1430 53.18 865 32.17 12 0.45164984219352689* 2007 1 . , (, ) 67.39%, 64.7%, 71.85%, 69.95%. , , . N_01_250@ . ... . . , ... T/O . ... . N_28_086@ . 127 134. , [2] . . . . . . . . . . N_43_209@ N_44_078@ , TO 120 20 . N_47_160@ . , . , . , . , . . . N_48_253@ .. 3 3 4 4 . , , . 128 135. . N_23_141 ( .) , . .. N_36_100@ . . . . . . . N_36_124@ . . , 99.9% . , . .. 10 , . . , . 42. 28 - , , , , () 232 13.97 909 54.73 515 31.01 5 0.387 10.25 536 63.13 219 25.8 7 0.8220 10.2 105 53.57 70 35.71 1 0.510 0 3 60 2 40 0 0339 12.5 1553 57.29 806 29.73 13 0.48166184919652711* 2007 1 . , , , , 129 136. , [2] 69.79%, 68.7%, 73.38%, 63.77%. . () **** , . . CI . . . . . , ? . . - N33 . . . **** 4 2 . . -N48 ... ... . . 30% . -N01 .-N50 , . , . . , . . ( ?) , . , 1 1 . . 1 2 . , . . -N19 ? , .( ? ?) ? . [] , .. ? ? . , . , ( 2 ) 2-3 , . , , ... , 130 137. . . . ( 8 ?) 8? .. ... ( ? 7 3 .) . . 7 . 5 .. (?) 5 ..[] ( 5 ... .) . 5, 2-3 5 ... , . 7 . ( ?) . ( ) . .[] -N05 , . . , , , . 7, 8 2 . . 2 , . -N51 . . -N28 N_11_085@ . . . 8 8 , , . . . , . [] N_37_028@ .131 138. , [2], , . N_12_490@ , , ... , , , , . , .. . , , , , . N_28_088@ . . . . . . . , . 5 . . . . . . . . N_48_159@ . .. . , 132 139. . . .. . . . 1 1 1 . 1 . . . N_47_172@ , [] . . . , . . . . 43. 29 - () 306 18.38 1021 61.32 336 20.18 2 0.1271 8.39 486 57.45 286 33.81 3 0.3527 13.78 125 63.78 43 21.94 1 0.510 0 5 100 0 0 0 0404 14.9 1637 60.36 665 24.52 6 0.22166584619652712* 2007 1 . 75.26%, 79.7%, 65.84%, 77.56%. . 133 140. , [2]N_02_097@ , ... , . , . ... ... ... , , ... , ... . , ... . , ... . , ... , , ... . () . , , , , . 5 5 5 9 7 40 5 5 9 9 ? -N07 , .. , , . , , . . . -N12134 141. . 44. 30 - , , () 237 14.29 946 57.02 470 28.33 6 0.3661 7.27 467 55.66 305 36.35 6 0.7223 11.73 117 59.69 56 28.57 0 01 20 4 80 0 0 0 0322 11.93 1534 56.84 831 30.79 12 0.44165983919652699* 2007 1 ., , 68.77%, 71.31%, 62.93%, 72.42%. , . . N_02_315@ ... , , , , . , , . N_12_623@ , . . , . , , . . . . , , . , 135 142. , [2], .. , , .. , . . N_47_164@ . . , , . , , , . . . N_01_262 ... ~ ... ... ? ~ N_02_289@ ... . ... , ... 5 ... N_12_528@ , . , . , . , , , . N_13_294@ . . . . N_17_310@ . . ... . ... , 136 143. . . ... . . N_22_194@ , ... , ? . . 2005? 5 . , . N_27_168@ . . . N_28_078@ . . . .. 21 22 . .. N_36_132@ . . . . , . N_43_096@ ? N_44_094@ ... N_48_185@ . ... .137 144. , [2] 45. 31 - () 121 7.27 682 40.99 845 50.78 16 0.9651 6.02 364 42.98 430 50.77 2 0.2417 8.67 95 48.47 83 42.35 1 0.511 20 4 80 0 0 0 0190 7.01 1145 42.22 1358 50.07 19 0.7166484719652712* 2007 1 . 49.23%, 48.26%, 49.0%, 57.14% . , . , . N_11_059@ . , . . . , , . , . . , , ,138 145. . , . . , [] . ..... . ..[] N_22_374@ . , . JUST DO IT . . . . . , JUST DO IT. . . , , , . . 46. 32 - () 129 7.78 908 54.73 608 36.65 14 0.84110 13.06 559 66.39 173 20.55 0 031 15.82 114 58.16 50 25.51 1 0.510 0 4 80 1 20 0 0270 9.99 1585 58.66 832 30.79 15 0.56165984219652702* 2007 1 . 68.65%, 62.51%, 79.45%, 73.98%. 70% . . .139 146. , [2]N_02_283@ ...? , . , . , ... 5 5, 2-3 ... 12 ? 4 4, 12 ... 3 ... 22 23... . N_45_132@ . . . . . . . . . . , . , .. . 47. 33 - .() 59 3.55 327 19.65 1251 75.18 27 1.6275 8.92 354 42.09 405 48.16 7 0.8317 8.67 56 28.57 122 62.24 1 0.510 0 3 60 2 40 0 0151 5.58 740 27.35 1780 65.78 35 1.29166484119652706* 2007 1 . 32.93%, 24.2%, 50.01%, 37.24% . 140 147. . 4.7. , . . , . , . 48. - 50.0 55.650.0 -52.8 50.050.5 55.666.7 66.7* 12,631 ( , 2004). * . * 1 . , / , , , , , . .141 148. , [2] 49. 34 - .() 39 2.35 719 43.29 757 45.57 146 8.7923 2.72 489 57.87 315 37.28 18 2.136 3.08 81 41.54 95 48.72 13 6.671 20 1 20 3 60 0 069 2.55 1290 47.67 1170 43.24 177 6.54166184519552706* 2007 1 .1 . 49.78%, 54.36%, 39.42%, 53.39%. , 50.22% . , , , , , . . . N_01_262@ . . ... . . , ... ~ ... . ? ~ 142 149. . . ... . , ... ... . ~ N_02_281@ , . , ? . , , ... , . N_02_303@ , , , ... 5 , , ...... , , ... N_02_309@ , ... ... . N_02_315@ ... , , , , . , , . N_12_532@ , , , , . , , , . . , . . . N_12_534@ . . . . N_12_623@ , ... , , , , , . . , . , , . . . 143 150. , [2] . , , . , , .. , , .. , . . N_17_318@ 80. . . ... , , , . . . . . , . , . , . ... . . . , . N_41_102@ ~ ~ N_41_104@ 20 ~ , , . N_47_148@ . . 50. 35 - / .() 79 4.76 638 38.41 930 55.99 14 0.8456 6.61 462 54.55 327 38.61 2 0.247 3.57 62 31.63 123 62.76 4 2.042 40 2 40 1 20 0 0144 5.32 1164 42.97 1381 50.98 20 0.74166184719652709* 2007 1 .144 151. . 1 / . 51.72%, 56.83%, 38.85%, 64.80%. , , , . , , , , , , , - . , . . , , , . N_01_344@ 1 ~ . ~ . ... ... , . . ? N_01_346@ . . , ~ . . , , ... , ~ ~ ~ N_01_350@ . , . ~ . A/S 145 152. , [2] . ~ . . N_02_384 ...... ... .N_02_387@ ... , , ... . 150-200. 10 . , , , ... . ? ... , , ... 200 ... , 150 200 . 400 , , . ..... N_09_328@ . ... . ... ... . ... . . . . . . ... . PS . . ... % . ... ... % . ? . . . ... . ? . ... ? ... ~ N_09_330@ 150 160 ~170 . . 30 . N_09_332@ () . . . . 150... 150 300 . . ? . . N_09_338@ ~ . . 146 153. . ... ? ... N_09_342@ . . . . . ... . ... ? ~ ~ . . ~ ? . N_11_129@ , . . , , , . . . . . . , . . , . . , , . , , , , , , , . . . [] N_13_460@ . .. , . . .. ... .. , , ... .. . , . ? ( ) ~ . N_14_337@ . . . . .. , . , 147 154. , [2] . PA,PX , , . . . . . , , . N_16_198@ , . , . , . . N_16_208@ , , 50% . . , , ... , . 1-2 . 10 , 10 . . , , , , . N_16_214@ , . . , . , , , , . . N_21_208@ , . . . , . , , . 20 20 . , . . . . . . . 148 155. . . . . , . 30% , . . [] N_23_199@ . . . . . , . . , 300 . . . . , . , . . , 1-2 , . 1-2 . . , . . N_24_348@ . . [] . . . N_26_294@ , ( ?) N_27_256@ .. . . . ? ,, . . . N_28_130@ . . . . . . . % 30% . % . 30% . , . . . . . . 149 156. , [2] . . . . . N_29_298@ . . N_36_211@ . 40 ... . .. 30 24 2 . ... 100 ~120 ... 100 . ? . ... N_37_172@ . 1 13 10 20 N_39_448@ . . N_40_318@ , , , . [] ... 8 150 157. . ~ 10 11 11 ? 3 2 . , ~ 100 ? N_41_198@ ( ?) [] ~ N_42_308@ N_43_160@ , OECD . N_44_108@ . ? , . . . .... . . 120 . . . 20 . . ... . , . , , 3,4 . 7 . 7. . 151 158. , [2] . . 3,40 . . . N_45_266@ . [] . 5 , . , . N_47_268@ . .. , . , , , , 6 . . , , . . . N_47_275@ . , . , . . N_48_263@ . 2 51. 36 - , .() 65 3.92 742 44.73 846 50.99 6 0.3649 5.79 439 51.89 357 42.2 1 0.1212 6.15 76 38.97 107 54.87 0 01 20 3 60 1 20 0 0127 4.7 1260 46.58 1311 48.47 7 0.26165984619552705* 2007 1 .152 159. . 1 , . 48.73%, 51.35%, 42.32%, 54.87%. , 50% . , , . . . , , , , , , , , . N_02_217@ ......... . . , , , . N_02_311@ ... . , , , , . N_11_057@ ... . . . , . , . . , , , . ... . . . , . 153 160. , [2] . . . N_17_294@ , , . , . , , , , , . , . . , , . b . . . , . ci 2 , . , 5 . 6 ? , . . . 10 1 9 , 1 , . 8 . . 5 , . , . . , . N_23_127@ . , , , . , , . , , . N_36_100@ . . . . . . . N_40_542@ 154 161. . 52. 37 - .() 144 8.65 495 29.75 934 56.13 91 5.4738 4.5 272 32.23 506 59.95 28 3.3223 11.73 69 35.2 96 48.98 8 4.081 20 2 40 2 40 0 0206 7.6 838 30.93 1538 56.77 127 4.69166484419652709* 2007 1 .1 . 61.46%, 61.60%, 63.27%, 53.06%. . . , , , . 40.53% 10 4 . , , . N_12_190@ , . . , , , . , , , , , , . . . , 155 162. , [2] . , , . . . . N_39_150@ , . N_47_124@ [] , . 1 , . , . . . , . . . , . , . , . 53. 38 - .() 201 12.06 758 45.47 659 39.53 49 2.9433 3.89 363 42.81 424 50 28 3.323 11.73 100 51.02 63 32.14 10 5.10 0 2 40 2 40 1 20257 9.46 1223 45.03 1148 42.47 88 3.24166784819652716* 2007 1 .1 . 45.71%, 42.47%, 53.3%, 37.24%. , = , 156 163. . , , , . . N_01_282@ . ... . 7 ... , ... . . . ... N_17_308@ . . . N_22_152@ . [] . , . . . [] . N_22_160@ 60 70 . . [] , . . . N_27_168@ . . . 1 , 1-2 , , , 3-4 , , , 100% . 5, 10 . 3 . . . , . , , . 157 164. , [2] , . . , . , , . , , , , , . . . , , , . . -N99 54. 39 - .() 158 9.48 756 45.35 734 44.03 19 1.1449 5.8 485 57.4 305 36.09 6 0.7120 10.2 108 55.1 68 34.69 0 01 20 3 60 1 20 0 0228 8.4 1352 49.83 1108 40.84 25 0.92166784519652713* 2007 1 .1 . 41.76%, 45.17%, 36.80%, 34.69%. . 158 165. . . . . , , , , , , 60% . N_01_030@ ... ... . . ... . . . . ... 8 8 . N_09_318@ . . ? . N_11_085@ . . . 8 8 , , . . . , . [] , . . . , , . NGV . 1 3 5 . . 1 1 , . , . . . . . 9 , 159 166. , [2] , 7 11 . . N_17_324@ . . . . . . , . . . , , . () , , . , 4 . . 4 , ... , . . , . . , . 4, , 4? 4 ? 4 ? 4 . 4 , , . , PM . , , , 10 . 2 . , . , , . , , . , . , , . N_39_410@ , N_39_416@ , 160 167. . N_44_104@ N_45_164@ . , , . . . . . . . , . . -N102 161 168. , [2]4.8. , , . , , . 55. - 50.0 58.341.7 -50.0 50.041.7 58.341.7 41.7* 12,631 ( , 2004). * . * 1 . , , , , . . 56. 40 - .() 103 6.18 875 52.49 525 31.49 164 9.8450 5.9 550 64.94 209 24.68 38 4.4914 7.14 102 52.04 58 29.59 22 11.220 0 4 80 0 0 1 20167 6.15 1531 56.39 792 29.17 225 8.29166784719652715* 2007 1 .162 169. . 1 . 37.46%, 41.33%, 29.17%, 40.81. , . , . , , , . , . N_28_108@ . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . 21 . 22 21 . 21 . 1940 . , . . .. N_39_260@ , , . 163 170. , [2] . , , , , . , 2 , 3 57. 41 - () 37 2.23 738 44.4 709 42.66 178 10.7125 2.95 512 60.45 281 33.18 29 3.425 2.58 84 43.3 88 45.36 17 8.760 0 2 40 2 40 1 2067 2.47 1336 49.34 1080 39.88 225 8.31166284719452708* 2007 1 .1 . 48.19%, 53.37%, 36.60%, 54.12. . , . . 50% , . , , , , , , 164 171. . . CEO . . . .. . ! . . ! ! ! ! ... -N49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . -N28 ( ?) . . () '10 ' . ~ . ... ? ... . ... ? ? . ... . -N04 () . . ... ... ... 70~80% . 70% ? ** 165 172. , [2] 2~3 . 3? , . () . ... . . ... ... ... -N04 . . .. , , . , 1 , 2 , 3, 4 10, 11 , . . , . , , , 2 3 . , , . . . , , , . . 100 100 . 50. 50 50 100 . . -N51 .. .. . ** .. . . . .. . , . .. .. 166 173. . . -N14 ** && , && , , . . , . , ** . , , , . . .-N19 , . , . . , . -N20 58. 42 - () 32 1.92 540 32.39 800 47.99 295 17.729 3.42 428 50.53 327 38.61 63 7.444 2.06 62 31.96 94 48.45 34 17.530 0 1 20 0 0 4 8065 2.4 1031 38.0 1221 45.01 396 14.6166784719452713* 2007 1 .1 . 59.61%, 65.69%, 46.05%, 66.08. . , 167 174. , [2] - - . . . N_02_265@ . . . . . ... ... , ... ... 10 . 16 . . ... ... , . . ... , . ... . . " " ... , ... , ... ... ... . , " . ". ... , . . ... ... . . . . . . . ... , ... ...... ... , , ... ... ... , . , . , . . N_02_327@ ... . ... ... , , , . . .., , ... . . , , , ... , , , , , , N_11_059168@ . , 175. . . . . , , . , . . , , , , . . , [] . ..... . ..[] , . . . , . . . ' , . . , . . . , ... , .... . N_11_069@ . [] . , . . . , . , . ? . . ? . . ... . . . . . . . . , . , . 1 , , 8 , . . , ... . . N_22_110@ , . . 169 176. , [2], . . . , . , . . . , , . . . . , . . . . . , . . . , . , N_22_340@ . , . . ... , . . , , , . N_22_350@ . ....... "" ..."" . . . ...[] . . , . . . . . . . . N_22_374@ . , . JUST DO IT . . . . . , JUST DO IT. . . , , , . . N_23_123@ . , . . , , . . , . , , , . , , . , 170 177. . , . N_27_306@ . . . . . . . . . . . 1,2,3,4,5 . . N_28_108@ . . . . . . . ~ . . N_37_088@ .. . .. . 1 . ... N_37_092@ . ? . . . . CR . 171 178. , [2] . CCTV A B C . A N_40_358@ ? , ... , . N_43_263@ , , ~ A N_45_150@ . . , . . . . , . , , . , , 172 179. . . . . . , . -N99 5 5 . , 2-3 . , . [] 5 6-7 5 . . . . *** , . [] - N99 . . , , . , , , . , . . [] , , , , . , . , , , , , , , . , ... [] - N99173 180. , [2] 59. 43 - , () 372 22.5 1090 65.94 163 9.86 28 1.69148 18.03 634 77.22 34 4.14 5 0.6133 16.92 131 67.18 23 11.79 8 4.12 40 3 60 0 0 0 0555 20.76 1858 69.48 220 8.23 41 1.53165382119552674* 2007 1 .1 , . 9.76%, 11.55%, 4.75%, 15.89. , . , . , . . , . , . - N45 . . , . . , , , . 174 181. . . , , , . , , . , . . , 4 . . . , . , . . . . . . , , . . , . . . . . , . . -N102 , . , ( ) . . , , , . , ? . , . . , . , . , . , . . . , , . . -N102 , , . . . , , 175 182. , [2] . , , , . , . , . ( , ?) , . ... , . , , . . , . -N99 . . , . 5, 10 . , . , , , , . , . , . . , . , , . , . 2 , . , , . , , 176 183. . . 1-2 , , , . . 1-2 . 2 , . . . , . . . , . . , , . , . . ... . . . . . . . , , , 1 . , , . . , . , , . , . , , . , , , , . , . . , . , . , . , 177 184. , [2], . , . , , , . . . . .. . . , , . 9 20 . , . ( , .) , , . . . [] -N99 , , . . 60% 60% , .... 1.5 , . , . , . , . , . , , , , , , . -N99 , . , . , . . 1 , , . [] , , , , . . .-N99178 185. . . 1. 2007 1 4)1.1.1.1.1. 1998 . , -, -, - . , , , , . , ONE-STOP , . , . . , , 4) , 1 .179 186. , [2] . . . . , . . , , . (Customer Satisfaction). , . . , . 1.1.2. , , , . . , , , , 180 187. . . , . . ( ) . 12.9 , 44% . , 79% 44% . 37.4% . . . . , . , . 1.1.3. 39.4 , , . 77% , . . , . 31% 70% , 84% . , 1.65% 44% . , 27% 181 188. , [2] . . 40% , 30% . , . TV 46% , . 1.2. - , . , . , . , , . 1.2.1. . N-TOPS . , 182 189. . . . , . , . , . , . 1.2.2. , . , , . , . , . 1.2.3. , . , , . , , 183 190. , [2] . , , . , . , , , .2. 2 - - - 184 191. . 3. 2 3.1. 1 . 1 . 2 1 . . 60. () 2008-04-11 2008-06-203.2.1.2008-03-143.2. , , , , DC, , (,,,) , 185 192. , [2] / , , . . , . , , . , , . 3.2.2. ; 1 , , DC, , . . . . , , . ; . () , . , , / , . ; 186 193. . , , , . . 2 . . ; 2 , , 7 . 3.2.3. . , . . 61. , . , , , , ---- . () . , , , ( ), . . - 187 194. , [2] . ~ ? ~ , ~? . . , . . .3.2.4. , , , , , , 28 . . 62. - / * . * 2007 1 , 188 195. . . * , . . / -------------------------------------------------- : () : / : : : / / : / : _______________________ _____________________ : : 2008 : : 1. , . 2. ? 3. , ? 4. , ? 189 196. , [2] ? 5. ? 6. . 7. , , (1) (2) (3) . 8. , , ? . 9. ? . 10. ? . 11. ? . . 12. ? , ? ? 190 197. . 13. ? . 14. ? 15. ? ? 16. ? 17. ? 18. , ? 19. ? , ? 20. ? ? ( ) (1) (2) , (3)() () . 21. 191 198. , [2]22. DC 23. 24. 25. , 26. N-TOPS 27. , , , . , ? 28. ? , , , .3.3. 2007 1 , 8 , . 2 8 43 , .192 199. . 3.4.3.4.1. 1 . , . . , . . . , . . 3.4.2. , , . / . , 2 CM, , , DC . 193 200. , [2]3.4.3. 2008 , . 2 . , . . , . 63. . , . 2007 1 , 2008 . " " . . - , . - . " " 194 201. . . , . , . - . / . - . , . , . , /. . - [email protected]( ) . - -195 202. , [2]4. 4.1. 1 . , . 64. : 44.444.444.544.5* 12,631 ( , 2004). * . , , . .196 203. . 65. [ 1] () 178 12.26 462 31.82 753 51.86 59 4.0610 10.2 32 32.65 50 51.02 6 6.120 0 2 66.67 1 33.33 0 0188 12.11 496 31.94 804 51.77 65 4.1914529831553 44.05% , . . ? . , . , , . . , . . . , , , , . . 197 204. , [2] . . . , . . . . . ? . , 2 . . 18 . . ? 18 , , 1 . . . , 18 ... . . . . . . . , , . . 66. [ 2] () 78 5.36 421 28.95 743 51.1 212 14.5838 38.38 55 55.56 6 6.06 0 00 0 2 66.67 1 33.33 0 0116 7.46 478 30.72 750 48.2 212 13.6214549931556 , (51.1%) (14.58%) 65.68% 2/3 . 198 205. . . . . . km 3-4km . 100km . 100km . . . , 5 , , . . (38.38%) (55.56%) 93.94% . VDT , . , , . 67. [ 3] () 169 11.63 1054 72.54 202 13.9 28 1.93 1453 8 8.08 44 44.44 38 38.38 9 9.09 99 0 0 3 100 0 0 0 0 3 177 11.38 1101 70.8 240 15.43 37 2.38 1555199 206. , [2] (11.63%) (72.54%) 84.17% . 5 1 , , . (38.38%) (9.09%) 47.47% . , , . . . . , ... . . . . . . . .200 207. . 4.2. 1 . , . . 8 1 37.4% . 68. : 41.741.750.154.2* 12,631 ( , 2004). * . , , ., , , ()