4.3 Oriya Code Chart

Contents Page 46

4.3.1 Oriya Code Chart Details

Code Character Description

Point

Various signs

0B01 #Ü ORIYA SIGN

CANDRABINDU

0B02 #Õ ORIYA SIGN ANUSVARA

0B03 #Ó ORIYA SIGN VISARGA

Independent vowels

0B05 @ ORIYA LETTER A

0B06 A ORIYA LETTER AA

0B07 B ORIYA LETTER I

0B08 C ORIYA LETTER II

0B09 D ORIYA LETTER U

0B0A E ORIYA LETTER UU

0B0B F ORIYA LETTER VOCALIC R

0B0C hõ ORIYA LETTER VOCALIC L

0B0D <reserved>

0B0E <reserved>

0B0F H ORIYA LETTER E

0B10 I ORIYA LETTER AI

0B11 <reserved>

0B12 <reserved>

0B13 J ORIYA LETTER O

0B14 K ORIYA LETTER AU

Consonants

0B15 L ORIYA LETTER KA

0B16 M ORIYA LETTER KHA

0B17 N ORIYA LETTER GA

0B18 O ORIYA LETTER GHA

0B19 P¼ ORIYA LETTER NGA

0B1A Q ORIYA LETTER CA

0B1B R ORIYA LETTER CHA

0B1C S ORIYA LETTER JA

0B1D Tþ ORIYA LETTER JHA

0B1E U ORIYA LETTER NYA

0B1F V ORIYA LETTER TTA

0B20 W ORIYA LETTER TTHA

0B21 X ORIYA LETTER DDA

0B22 Y ORIYA LETTER DDHA

0B23 Z ORIYA LETTER NNA

0B24 [ ORIYA LETTER TA

0B25 \ ORIYA LETTER THA

0B26 ] ORIYA LETTER DA0B27 ^ ORIYA LETTER DHA

0B28 _ ORIYA LETTER NA

0B29 <reserved>

0B2A ` ORIYA LETTER PA

0B2B $ ORIYA LETTER PHA

0B2C a ORIYA LETTER BA

0B2D bþ ORIYA LETTER BHA

0B2E c ORIYA LETTER MA

0B2F d ORIYA LETTER YA• Spoken as JA in certain cases

0B30 eþ ORIYA LETTER RA

0B31 <reserved>

0B32 m ORIYA LETTER LA

0B33 f ORIYA LETTER LLA

0B34 <reserved>

0B35 g ORIYA LETTER WA

0B36 h ORIYA LETTER SHA0B37 i ORIYA LETTER SSA

0B38 j ORIYA LETTER SA

0B39 k ORIYA LETTER HA

0B3A # ORIYA INVISIBLELETTER

Various signs

0B3C #Ï ORIYA SIGN NUKTA• for extending the alphabetto new letters

0B3D Î ORIYA SIGN AVAGRAHA

Dependent vowel signs

0B3E #Ð ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AA0B3F #Þ ORIYA VOWEL SIGN I

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0B40 #Ñ ORIYA VOWEL SIGN II0B41 #Ê ORIYA VOWEL SIGN U0B42 #Ë ORIYA VOWEL SIGN UU0B43 #ó ORIYA VOWEL SIGN

VOCALIC R0B44 #ó ó ORIYA VOWEL SIGN

VOCALIC RR

0B45 <reserved>

0B46 <reserved>0B47 Ò# ORIYA VOWEL SIGN E

• stands to the left of theconsonant

0B48 Ò#ß ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AI• pieces left of and above theconsonant

= 0B47 Ò# 0B56 #ß0B49 <reserved>

0B4A <reserved>

0B4B Ò#Ð ORIYA VOWEL SIGN O• pieces on both sides of theconsonant= 0B47 Ò# 0B3E #Ð

0B4C Ò#× ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AU• pieces on both sides of theconsonant= 0B47 Ò# 0B57 #×

Various signs

0B4D #ç ORIYA SIGN HALANT0B4E <reserved>0B4F <reserved>0B50 <reserved>0B51 <reserved>0B52 <reserved>0B53 <reserved>0B54 <reserved>0B55 <reserved>0B56 #Ù ORIYA AI LENGTH MARK

0B57 # ÙÐ ORIYA AU LENGTHMARK• This is not used in Oriya

Additional Consonants0B5C XÏ ORIYA LETTER DDA

= 0B21 X 0B3C #Ï

0B5D YÏ ORIYA LETTER DDHA

= 0B22 Y 0B3C #Ï0B5E <reserved>0B5F ¯Æ ORIYA LETTER YYA

Generic additions

0B60 G ORIYA LETTER VOCALICRR

0B61 hÃõ ORIYA LETTER VOCALICLL

0B64 * ORIYA SIGN PURNVIRAM

0B65 ** ORIYA SIGN DEERGHVIRAM

Digits0B66 0 ORIYA DIGIT ZERO0B67 1 ORIYA DIGIT ONE0B68 2 ORIYA DIGIT TWO0B69 3 ORIYA DIGIT THREE0B6A 4 ORIYA DIGIT FOUR0B6B 5 ORIYA DIGIT FIVE0B6C 6 ORIYA DIGIT SIX0B6D 7 ORIYA DIGIT SEVEN0B6E 8 ORIYA DIGIT EIGHT0B6F 9 ORIYA DIGIT NINE

0B70 û ORIYA ISSHAR

[Note : Code points 0B00 - 0B4F of Oriya Code set

have one-to-one phonetic correspondence for vowels,

consonants and vowel modifiers with 0900 - 094F

of Devanagari Code Set].

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4.3.2 Oriya Script Details

A. Explanations for Revised Oriya Code Chart

The Oriya script has been in use since the tenthcentury. Archaeological evidence of its use inengraved and preserved on stone slabs, copper plates,palm-leaf manuscripts and paper manuscripts. Withthe coming of mechanical printing presses and typewriters; and nowadays electronic text generationsystems, Oriya script has acquired some kind ofstability both in terms of number of letters and theirdesigns. The Oriya script is used for writing Oriya,its dialects such as Sambalpuri and Sanskrit languages.

The Oriya writing system is a fusion between syllabicwriting systems and phonemic writing systems. Theeffective unit of Oriya writing system is theorthographic syllable, consisting of a consonant andvowel (CV) core and, optionally, one or morepreceding consonants, with a canonical structure of(CC) C) CV. The orthographic syllable need notcorrespond exactly with a phonological syllable,especially when a consonant cluster is involved, butthe writing system is built on phonological principlesand tends to correspond quite closely topronunciation. The orthographic syllable is built upof alphabetic pieces, the actual letters of the Oriyascript. These pieces consist of three distinct charactertypes: Consonant letters, independent vowels, anddependent vowel signs. In a text sequence thesecharacters are stored in logical (phonetic) order.

Notation

In the description that follows the undermentionednotations are used.

Cn

Nominal glyph form of consonant C as itappears in the code chart.

CL

A live consonant, depicted identical to Cn.

Cd

Glyph depicting the dead consonant formof consonant C.

Ch

Glyph depicting the half-consonant formof consonant C.

C(sign) Glyph representing a consonant C informing a conjunct.

Ln

Nominal glyph form of a conjunctligature consisting of two or morecomponent consonants.

RAsup

A non-spacing combining mark glyph ofthe U + 0B30 ORIYA LETTER RAattached to the upper right side part of abase glyph form. This form is also knownas repha.

RAsub

A non-spacing combining mark glyphform of the U 0B30 ORIYA LETTERRA attached to the lower part of a baseglyph form. This form is also known asRa-phala.

Vvs

Glyph depicting the dependent vowelsign form of a vowel V.

Principles of the Script

Oriya characters can combine or change shapedepending on their context. The appearance of acharacter is affected by its sequential ordering withrespect to other characters, the font or typeface usedto render the character, and the application or systemenvironment. These variables can cause theappearance of Oriya character to differ from theirnominal glyphs (used in the code chart)

Consonant letters : Each consonant letter representsa single phoneme, but also retains the inherent vowelA. Thus KA(0B15) represents not just /k/, but also/ka/. In the presence of any other dependent vowelsign, the inherent vowel A is overridden.

Consonant cluster : There are four ways of formingconsonant clusters in Oriya :

(1) A consonant cluster is depicted with a conjunctglyph.

JAd

+ NYALà J.NYA

n

Sç + U à sÆ

(2) Half-form glyphs are used. The half-formsrepresent C

n.

SAd

+ KALà S.KA

n

jç + L à ²Æ

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(3) Consonant signs are used. The consonant signsrepresent C

n.

SAd

+ TALà S.TA

n

jç + [ à ªÆ

(4) Diminutive forms of consonants are used. Thediminutive forms represent C

n.

SAd

+ KHALà S.KHA

n

jç + M à ·¤

In the absence of any of these four types of glyphs,the dead consonants are depicted using the nominalconsonant forms combined with visible HALANTsigns.

DAd

+ GHALà DA.HALANT.GHA

n

]ç + Oç à ] #ç O à ]çO¤

With a view to preventing conjunct formationinvolving the five nasal phonemes, NGA (0B19),NYA (0B1E), NNA (0B23), NA (0B28) andMA (0B2E) with other phonemes of their respectivevargas, ANUSVARA is positioned to the left of C

n.

NGAd + GA

L à NG.GA

n à ANUSVARA.GA

n

P¼ç + N à =¼ à #Õ + N à ÕN

Half-forms of consonants : (Refer Table-1)Consonant letters may also be rendered as half-forms,which depict the final consonant in consonantclusters. These half-forms in Oriya retain the inherentvowel A, whereas the whole-form consonants, towhich the half-forms are attached, lose the inherentvowel A. In presenting the half-forms the upper partsare dispensed with and only the lower distinctive partsare retained.

KA (0B15), JA (0B1C), NA (0B28), BA (0B2C),WA (0B35), LA (0B32) and LLA (0B33) arepresented in their half-forms.

The lower part is placed below Cd to form a

consonantal conjunct.

GAd

+ NAnà G.NA

n

Nç + _ à Nï

The half-forms of consonants always appear as thesecond element of a conjunct. Such conjuncts mayfunction as C

d and take further elements.

(a) SAd + KA

Là S.KA

d + RI

vs à S.K.Rl

n

jç + L à ²çÆ + #ó à ²ôÆ

(b) JAd + JA

Là J.JA

d + WA

nà J.J.WA

n

Sç + S à ³çÆÆ + #é à ³éÆ

(c) SSAd + KA

Là SS.KA

d+ RA

nà SS.K.RA

sub.n

iç + L à Æ çÆÆ + eþ à öÆ

Wherever a Cd gets attached to the immediate C

L,

the halant sign (0B4D) is deleted while forming aconjunct.

Consonant Signs : (Refer Table-2) When TA (0B24)is the initial consonant of a consonant clusterpreceding another consonant it is rendered as #ùbelow L, _, , $¼, c, j to take the forms Lú, _ù, ù, $¼ù¼,cù, �. It must be noted here that _ù and cù can alsobe rendered as [ð and [ë . When TA (0B24) is thesecond consonant of a consonant cluster, followinganother consonant it is rendered as # ñÆÆ below ¦Æ, «Æ,©Æ, ªÆ . It must be noted here that when the consonantsign # ñ Æ Æ is attached below NNA (0B23) it ispronounced as DDA (0B21). In other words thesame consonant sign represents both TA (0B24) andDDA (0B21).

A number of other consonant letters such as DDHA(0B22), THA (0B25) CHA (0B1B), BHA (0B2D),MA (0B2E), and NNA (0B23) are rendered asconsonant signs placed below consonant letters.These signs retain the inherent vowel A. Only thesign representing YYA(0B5F) is positioned to theright of a consonant.

Some consonants in Oriya are rendered asconsonant signs when they function as part of aconsonant cluster. These signs do not have visualsimilarity with the consonants they represent.

KAd

+ TALà K.TA

n

Lç + [ à ¦Æ

DAd

+ MALà D.MA

n

]ç + c à ]ë

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Such consonant clusters may function as Cd and

further take other consonants.

TAd + SA

Là T.SA

d + NA

nà T.S.NA

n

[ç + j à � ç + _ à �á

Orthographic abbreviations (Refer Table-3) :Orthographic abbreviations are used to makeconjuncts of two or more adjacent consonants.Usually the ligated form represents one or more deadconsonants C

d followed by a live consonant C

L.

NGAd

+ KALà NG.KA

n

P¼ç + L à *¼Æ

DAd

+BHALà D.BHA

n

] + bþ à ¡þ¼Æ

Diminutive form of consonants (Refer Table-3) : Adiminutive form of consonant is used as the finalcomponent of a consonant cluster. Such diminutiveforms retain the inherent vowel A and are positionedbelow the relevant consonant.

GAd

+DHALà G.DHA

n

N¼ç + ^ à �Æ

SHAd

+ CALà SH.CA

n

h¼ç + Qþ à ¾¤

Many of such conjuncts can be rendered in two ways:(1) with the ZERO WIDTH JOINER, such as �Æ,µÆ, �Æ etc. and (2) with ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER, such as Nç , Lçj, LçV etc.

RAsup

and RAsub

: RA (0B30) is used in formingconjuncts in two ways. Where it is the first elementof a conjunct it functions like a dead consonant C

d.

In Oriya it is called repha and is attached to the rightside top of the base glyph as a non-spacing combiningmark glyph. It may also be called ‘pre-consonant RA’or ‘RA

sup’.

(a) RAd

+ KALàKA

L+ RA

supDisplayed output

eþç + L à LÆ + #à à LàÆ

(b)(i) RA

d+ TA

d+ SA

LàT.SA

L+RA

sup

eþç + [ç + jÆ à �Æ + #à à �à

(ii)RAd + DA

d + WA

L à DA

L.RA

sup + WA

L

eþç + ]ç + JéÆ à ] + #à à]àç + JéÆ à ]éà

(iii)RAd + VOCALIC R à VOCALIC R + RA

sup

eþç + F à F + #à à Fà

(iv)RAd + JA

L à JA

L + RA

sup + I

vs

eþç + S à SÆ + #à + #Þ à SÙ

RA is also used as the final element in a consonantconjunct. In Oriya it is called ra-phalaa and isattached to the bottom of the base glyph as non-spacing combining mark glyph. It may also be called‘post-consonant RA’ or ‘RA

sub’. Where RA follows a

Cd or consonant conjunct behaving as a C

d it is

replaced by the subscript non-spacing mark RAsub

.

(a) KAd

+ RALà KA

L+ RA

subDisplayed output

Lþç + eþ à LÆ + #ö à LõÆ

(b)SSAd + KA

L à SS.KA

d+ RA

L à SS.KA

L + RA

sub

iþç + Lþ à çÆÆ + eþ à Æ + #ö à öÆ

Where a vowel sign such as #Ð (0B3E) or #Ñ (0B40) isattached to a RA

sub -inflected consonant, it has to be

positioned to the right of the conjunct.

There is a consonant and also a consonant conjunctto which both RA

sup and RA

sub are attached together.

RAd + DA

d + RA

Là DA

n.RA

sup. RA

sub

eþþç + ]çþ + eþÆ + #ö à ]öàÆ

RAd + TA

d + TA

L + RA

Là TTA

n.RA

sup. RA

sub

eþþç + [çþ + [ + eþ à röàþ

In addition to several consonants, RAsup

and RAsub

can also be attached to the following consonantconjuncts.

RAsup

: nà, oà, ³àÆ, Àà¤, ràþ, ~à, wà, _ïà, ®à¤, mîàþ, �à

RAsub

: ¦öÆ, öÆ, «Æö, tõ, uõ, ­õÆ, cèÍ, c÷Í, öÆ, ½ö¤, ¹ö¤, oõ, �ÍÆ, ö¤, *õ¼, =õ¼,Ãö¤, ¡õþ

RAsup

and RAsub

together : ]öà, röàþ

Independent Vowel Graphemes : The independentvowels in Oriya are graphemes that stand on theirown. These are used in writing syllables that startwith a vowel. Diphthongs in Oriya are treated as

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vowels for the purpose of writing. WA (0B35) andYYA (0B5F) are semi-vowels.

Dependent Vowel Signs : Each vowel grapheme,except A (0B05), has its corresponding vowel sign.A vowel sign does not stand alone. Invariably a vowelsign is depicted in combination with a singleconsonant or a consonant cluster. A vowel signsignifies the final sound of a syllable. Oriya scripthas three types of vowel signs: (1) non-spacing signsthat appear above or below a consonant grapheme,(2) spacing signs that appear to the right or left of aconsonant grapheme and (3) combined spacing andnon-spacing signs that surround a consonant. Thelast mentioned types of signs have two of three parts,which represent a single vowel.

Independent : @ A B C D E F F H I J KVowel Letters

Dependent : #Ð #Þ #Ñ #Ê #Ë #ó #ó ó Ò# Ò#ß Ò#ÐÒ#×Vowel Signs

Note :1. @ is inherent (/k/ is Lç, /ka/ is L)

2. #Ð, #Ñ (representing A, C) are placed to the rightof the consonant or consonant cluster: LÐ, LÑ

3. #Þ (representing B) is placed above : LÞ

4. #Ê, #Ë, #ó #ó ó (representing D, E, F, F) are placedbelow : LÊ, LË, Ló, Ló ó

5. Ò# (representing H) is placed to the left : ÒL

6. Ò#ß (representing I) has two parts. One part isplaced to the left, the other above : ÒLß

7. Ò#Ð (representing J) has two parts. One part isplaced to the left, the other to the right : ÒLÐ

8. Ò#× (representing K) has three parts, placed tothe left, right and above the consonant : ÒL×

Halant: Oriya script employs a sign called halant orvowel omission sign. This sign is a slanted dash- likeline positioned below a consonant. The presence ofthis sign indicates the cancellation of the inherentvowel (A) in a consonant. Halant also functions as a

combining character. When a consonant loses itsinherent vowel (A) with the application of the halantsign, it is known as a dead consonant.

TAn

+ HALANTnà TA

d

[ + #çþ þà [çþKA

n+ MA

nà KAMA

L + cþ þà LcþKA

n+ MA

dà KAM

L + cçþ þà Lcç

Rendering Order

The following tentative rules provide some clues forminimal rendering of Oriya as part of a plain textsequence. These rules also suggest the sequence ofcombining and ordering of the glyphs.

1. When a consonant Cn precedes a halant

n, it is

considered to be a dead consonant Cd. A

consonant that does not precede a halantn is

considered to be a live consonant CL.

TAn

+ HALANTnà TA

d

[ + #çþ þà [çþ

2. The nukta sign, which modifies a consonant form,is placed immediately after the consonant in thememory representation and is attached to thatconsonant in rendering. If the consonantrepresents a dead consonant, then nukta shouldprecede halant in the memory representation.

DDAn

+ NUKTAn+HALANT

nà DDA

d

X + #Ïþ + #ç þà XÏçþ

3. If a dead consonant immediately precedes anotherdead consonant or a live consonant, then the firstdead consonant may join the subsequent elementto form a conjunct ligature form.

JAd

+ NYAIà J.NYA

n

Sç + U þà sþ

TAd

+ TALà T.TA

n

Vç + Vþ þà pþ

4. A conjunct ligature form can itself behave as adead consonant and enter into further, morecomplex ligatures.

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NAd+ TA

d+ RA

nà NA

d+ T.RA

nàN.T.RA

n

_ç + [çþ + eþ þà _çþ + [öþ þà §Æþ

SAd

+ TAd

+ RAnà SA

d+ T.RA

nàS.T.RA

n

jç + [çþ + eþ þà jçþ + [öþ þà ±Æ

Alternatively

NAd+ TA

nàN.TA

d+ RA

LàN.TRA

n

_ç + [ þà «çÆþ + eþþ þà «ÆöÆþ

SAd

+ TAdàS.TA

d+ RA

LàS.TRA

n

jç + [þ þà ªÆçþ + e þà ªÆöÆ

5. Since AAVS

(0B3E), YYA (0B5F) consonant signand ANUSVARA sign (0B02) attach to the rightof a consonant, whenever necessary Anusvara isattached only after AA vowel sign or YYAconsonant sign is already attached.

MAn

+ AAvs

+ ANUSVARAn

c + #Ðþ + #Õþþ þà cÐÕ

BAd

+YYA(sign) + ANUSVARAn

a + #Ôþ + #Õþþ à aÔÕ

6. Whenever necessary YYA #Ôþ sign is attached to aconsonant only after RA

sup #à is already attached.

RAd

+GHAd+YYA

LàR.GHA

d+YYA(sign) à R.GH.YYA

n

eþç + Oç + Æþþ þà Oàç + #ÔÆþ à OàÔ

7. A vowel sign is attached to a consonant only afterRA

sub sign is already attached.

TAd

+ RAL

+ AAvs

[þç + eþ + #ÐÆþþ þà [öÐÆþ

KAd

+ RAL

+ IIvs

Lþç + eþ + #Ñþþ þà LõÑþ

8. A vowel sign is attached to a consonant onlyafter YYA (0B5F) consonant sign #Ô is alreadyattached.

THAd+ YYA (sign) + AA

vsà TH.YY.AA

\þç + #Ô + #ÐÆþþ þà \ÔÐÆþ

TAd

+ YYA (sign) + Uvsà T.YY.U

[ç + #Ô + #ÊÆþþ þà [ÊÔÆþ

The vowel sign U (0B41) or UU (0B42) shouldattach below the consonant, and not below theconsonant sign.

9. VISARGA sign (0B03) #Ó is placed to the rightof a consonant only after a vowel sign is alreadyattached.

DAn

+ Uvs

+VISARGAn

] + #Êþ + #Óþþ þà ]ÊÓÆþ

BAn

+ AAvs

+VISARGAn

a + #Ð + #Ó þà aÐÓÆþ

10. Where ever RAsup

and Ivs are attached together

to a consonant they take their respective position,i.e., I

vs above the consonant and RA

sup to the right

side top of the consonant.

RAd+ JA

Lþà R.JA

n+ I

vsà J.I

vs+RA

supà R.JI

n

eçþ + Sþ þà Sàþþ + #ÞÆþ þà SÞ + #à à SÙ

11. Presence of a CHANDRABINDU (0B01) sign#Ü above a vowel or consonant suggests itsnasalization. This sign is attached only after adependent vowel sign is already attached to theconsonant.

GAn+ AA

vs+ CHANDRABINDU

Nþ + #Ðþ + #ÜÆþ þà NÐÜ

12. Oriya has the vowel sign E Ò# (0B47) whichmust be depicted to the left side of the consonantletter. The software rendering Oriya script mustbe able to reorder elements in mapping fromthe logical (character) store to the presentational(glyph) rendering. For example, if C

n denotes

the nominal form of consonant and Vvs denotes

left-side dependent vowel sign form of vowel V,then a reordering of glyphs with respect toencoded characters occurs as just shown.

Character order Glyph order

KAn

+ Evs

þà Evs

+KAn

Lþ + Ò# þà ÒL

KAn

+ Ovs

þà Evs

+KAn

+ AAvs

L + Ò#Ð þà ÒLÐKA

n+ AI

vsþà E

vs+KA

n+ #ß

Lþ + Ò#ß þà ÒLß KA

n+ AU

vsþà E

vs+KA

n+ #ß + #Ð

L + Ò#× þà ÒL×

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It is necessary to emphasize here that such twoor three part vowel signs, which surround aconsonant should be generated by single strokeoperation on the key board.

1st stroke 2nd stroke Output L Ò#Ð ÒLÐ L Ò#ß ÒLß L Ò#× ÒL×ß

13. An ANUSVARA sign #Õ has to precedeDDA(0B21) or DDHA (0B22) withoutNUKTA (0B3C).

14. An AVAGRAHA sign #Î (0B3D) can attach toa consonant only after O

vs is already attached to

the consonant.

TAn

+ Ovs

+ AVAGRAHA[ + Ò#Ð + #Î à Ò[ÐÎ

15. When the dependent vowel Evs is used to

override the inherent vowel of a syllable, it isalways written to the extreme left of theorthographic syllable. If the orthographicsyllable contains a consonant cluster, then thisvowel is depicted to the left of that cluster. Forexample-

TAd+ RA

I+ E

vsà T.RA

n+ E

vsà E

vs + T.RA

n

[ç + e + Ò# à [ö + Ò#à Ò[ö

16. K.SSAn in oriya is an abbreviated glyph, which

combines KAd SSA

L. This ligature should take

other consonants when necessary.

K.SSAd

+ MALà K.SS.MA (sign)

lç + cþ à lê

K.SSAd

+ NNALà K.SS.NNA

lç + Zþ à lZ¤

Table - 1. Half-forms of consonants

KAn KAh

L #ç L £Æ (LçL)f #ç L °ÆÆ (fçL)

mþ #ç L �ÆÆ (mþçL)iþ #ç L ÆÆÆ ---jþ #ç L ²ÆÆÆÆ ---

JAn JAh

L #ç L £Æ (LçL)f #ç L °ÆÆ (fçL)mþ #ç L �ÆÆ (mþçL)

NAn NA

h

L #ç _ LïÆÆ (Lç_)N #ç _ NïÆÆO #ç _ OïÆÆ[ #ç _ [ïÆÆ (_ù)^ #ç _ ïÆÆ_ #ç _ _ïÆÆ� #ç _ �ïÆÆh #ç _ hïÆÆj #ç _ jïÆÆkþ #ç _ kþïÆÆ

LLAn LLAh

L #ç f ¢ÆÆÆN #ç f NýÆÆ� #ç f �ýÆÆc #ç f cýÆÆh #ç f hý

LAn LAhÆ Æ

L #ç mþ LíÆÆÆ

N #ç mþ NíÆÆ� #ç mþ �íÆÆ$¼ #ç mþ $¼íÆÆa #ç mþ aíÆÆj #ç mþ jíÆÆkþ #ç mþ kþíÆÆ

BAn BA

h

c #ç aþ cèÆÆÆ Õa

WAn WAh

L #ç gþ LèÆÆÆ

Contents Page 54

N #ç gþ NèÆ

S #ç gþ SèÆ

R #ç gþ RèÆ

V #ç gþ VèÆ

X #ç gþ Xè

Z #ç gþ Zè

[ #ç gþ [è

\ #ç gþ \è

] #ç gþ ]è

^ #ç gþ è

_ #ç gþ _è

mþ #ç gþ mþè

h #ç gþ hè

j #ç gþ jè

kþ #ç gþ kþè

Table - 2. Consonant signsC

d + C (sign) à C.C

n

TA (Sign)

[ #ç L Lú

[ #ç � �ùÆÆ

[þ #ç _ _ù

[ #ç $¼ $¼ù

[ #ç c cù

[ #ç j �

DDHA (Sign)

Z #ç Y ¬Æ

THA (Sign)

_ #ç \ x

j #ç \ y

CHA (Sign)

h #ç R {

BHA (Sign)

c #ç bþ c÷

MA (Sign)

L #ç c Lê

l #ç c lê

[ #ç c [ë

N #ç c Nê

c #ç c ®¤

TA (Sign)

L #ç [ ¦Æ

_ #ç [ «Æ

� #ç [ ©Æ

j #ç [ ª

DDA (Sign)

Z #ç X Æ

YYA (Sign)

L #ç Æ LÔ

l #ç Æ lÔ

M #ç Æ MÔ

N #ç Æ NÔ

T.RAsub

(Sign)

_ #ç [ö §Æ

j #ç [ö ±Æ

NNA (Sign)

Z #ç Z À¤

i #ç Z »¤

T.Uvs (Sign)

j #ç [Ê jJ

_ #ç [Ê _J

[ and X represented by Æ# ñÆÆ

R and \ represented by

[ç and Y represented by Æ

[Ê represented by #J

c represented by #ë and #c

Z represented by #Z and #

J

[ö represented by #H and

Contents Page 55

Note : H and J are two vowels. But when H is posi-

tioned below _ and j it represents [ö . When J is

positioned below Z and i it represents Z. When the

same J is positioned below _ and j it represents [Ê .

Table - 3. Ligated conjuncts

A fully ligated conjunct, where the components are

not distinct, is formed in the following manner.

Wherever it is possible and is in vogue alternative

representations of the ligated conjuncts have been

shown within brackets.

Cd + C

L à L

n

Pç¼ + L = *¼Æ (ÕL)

Pç¼ + M = <¼¼Æ (ÕM)

Pç¼ + N = =¼¼Æ (ÕN)

Pç¼ + O = +¼¼Æ (ÕO)

Uç¼ + Q = q¼Æ (ÕQ)

Uç¼ + R = }¼Æ (ÕR)

Uç¼ + S = &¼¼Æ (ÕS)

Uç¼ + Tþ = %¼¼Æ (ÕTþ)

Sç¼ + U = s

Qç¼ + Q = n

Vç¼ + V = p

]ç¼ + ] = ~

]ç¼ + ^ = w

aç¼ + ] = v (aç])

aç¼ + a = z (aça)

]ç¼ + bþ = ¡þ (]çbþ)

[ç¼ + [ = rþ

_ç¼ + ] = t (Õ])

_ç¼ + ^ = u (Õ^)

Lç¼ + i = l

cç¼ + � = ­Æ (Õ�)

cç¼ + $¼ = >¼ (Õ$¼)

Table - 4

A diminutive form of Cn glyph is positioned below

or attached to the lower part of the base glyph to

form a conjunct. Alternative representations are

placed within brackets

Cd + C

L à C.C

n

jç¼ + M = ·¤

Pç¼ + l = P¼l¼¼ (Pç¼l)

Xç¼ + N = �Ƽ¼Æ (XÏçN)

]ç¼ + N = ¤¼¼Æ (]çN)

mþç¼ + N = mN¼Æ (mçþN)

]ç¼ + O = ]O¼Æ

(]çO)

hç¼ + Q = ¾¤

Sç¼ + Tþ = STþ¼¼Æ (SçTþ)

Lç¼ + V = �Æ (LçV)

Zç¼ + V = Ã¤Æ (ÕV)

�ç¼ + V = �V

(�çV)

$¼ç¼ + V = $¼V

($ç¼V)

iç¼ + V = ½¤

jç¼ + V = jV

(jçV)

mþç¼ + V = mþV

(mçþV)

Qç¼ + Vþ = QVþ (QçV)

Zç¼ + W = ¶¤ (ÕW)þ

iç¼ + W = º¤

Xç¼ + X = Ť (XçX)

mþç¼ + X = mþXÆ (mçþX)

lþç¼ + Z = lZ¤

(lçZ)

Nþç¼ + Z = NZ¤

(NçZ)

kþþç¼ + Z = kZ¤ (kþçZ)

[þç¼ + \ = [\¤ ([ç\)

Nþç¼ + ] = �Ƥ (Nç])

Nþç¼ + ^ = �Æ (Nç )

aþç¼ + ^ = �Æ (aç )

�þç¼ + � = �

Contents Page 56

fþç¼ + � = Á¤

iþç¼ + � = ¹¤

jþç¼ + � = ¸¤

mþþç¼ + $¼ = m$¼

(mçþ$¼)

fþþç¼ + $¼ = Ç¥¼ (fçþ$¼)

iþþç¼ + $¼ = È¥

jþþç¼ + $¼ = É¥

]þþç¼ + a¼ = ]a¼ (]çþa)

fþþç¼ + bþ¼ = fbþ (fçb¼)

cþþç¼ + c¼ = ®¤

]çþþç + d¼ = ]d

(]çd)

Lþþç¼ + j¼ = µÆ¼ (Lçj)

Xþþç¼ + j¼ = XjƼ (Xçj)

_þþç¼ + j¼ = _jƼ (_çj)

�þþç¼ + j¼ = ¿¤Æ¼ (�çj)

cþþç¼ + j¼ = cjƼ (cçj)

mþþþç¼ + j¼ = mþjƼ

(mþçj)

jþþç¼ + j¼ = jjƼ

(jçj)

Zþç¼ + Z = À¤¤ (çZ is represented by #J)

iþç¼ + Z = »¤¤¤ (çZ is represented by #J)

Table - 5Three consonants are put together to form the

following conjuncts. Alternative representations have

been shown within brackets.

[ç¼ jç _ = �á

_ç [ç eþ = §Æ ----- (Õ[ö)

_ç [ = « #ç eþ = «----- (Õ[ö)

_ç [ = «Æ #ç gþ = «ÆéÆ ----- (Õ[é)

_ç ] = tÆ #ç gþ = téÆ ----- (Õ]é)

_ç ] = tÆ #ç eþþ = tÆöÆ ----- (Õ]ö)

_ç ^ = uÆ #ç eþ = uÆöÆ ----- (Õ õ)

cç [ = ­ÆÆ #ç eþ = ­ÆÆöÆ ----- (Õ õ)

cç bþ = c÷ÆÆ #ç eþ = c÷ÆÆöÆ ----- (Õbþõ)

eþç Q = QàÆÆ #ç Qþ = nààÆ ----- (Qà)

eþç Q = QàÆÆ #ç Rþ = oààÆ ----- (Rà)

eþç Z = ZàÆÆ #ç Zþ = À¤ààÆ ----- (Zà)

eþç [ = [àÆÆ #ç [þ = rþààÆ ----- ([à)

eþç ] = ]àÆÆ #ç ]þ = ~àààÆ ----- (]à)

eþç ] = ]àÆÆ #ç þ = wàààÆ ----- ( à)

_þç ^ = uÆÆ #ç Æþ = uÔÆ ----- (Õ^Ô)

Four consonants are put together to form the

following conjuncts

_ç¼ [ç eçþ Æ = §ÆÔ ----- (Õ[öÔ)

eþç¼ [ç [çþ eþÆ = röàþ ----- ([öà)

eþç¼ [ç [çþ ÆÆ = ràþÔ ----- ([àÔ)

eþç¼ ]ç çþ gÆ = wàÔ ----- ( èà)

(Courtesy : Dr. A. K. Pujari, CEOOrissa Computer Application Centre,

IPICOL Annexe BuildingJanpath, Bhuwaneshwar 751022

Ph. 0674-540830, 541154, 543485Fax. 0674-542669

E-mail : akp@ocac.ernet.in&

Dr. P.K. TripathyDepartment of English,

BJB College, Bhubaneswar-751014Ph. : 0674-434304)

Contents Page 57

B. Oriya Design Guide

Name of the Language

Oriya is one of the 18 officially recognised languagesof India. Although spelt as, “Oriya”, it is invariablypronounced as ODDIAA.

Description of the Oriya Language

Oriya shares the same phonetic character set and itsbehaviour with Sanskrit. Oriya has absorbedinfluence from other neighboring languages as alsofrom Arabic, Persian, Portuguese and English. It hasenriched its vocabulary with numerous words fromseveral adivasi languages. It is written from left toright and top to bottom. A limited number ofligatures are possible since all the consonants cannotbe combined with all others. Vowels can either beindependent or dependent upon a consonant orconsonant cluster. A large number of “consonant +vowel” and “consonant + consonant” combinationshave various alternative representations. A standardis perceived to be evolving.

History of Oriya

The distinctive features of Oriya language can betraced back to the 10th century. Stone engravings,copper plates, palm-leaf manuscripts testify to itsantiquity. It has been a carrier of vibrant literature, amedium of instruction and a means ofcommunication through the centuries.

Constituents of Oriya Graphemes

All the graphemes representing Oriya vowels andconsonants are based on the circle and a vertical orslanted line. The lower part of a grapheme is itsidentifier. (Details have been provided inAppendix-1)

Consonant Letters

The consonant letters in Oriya represent a singleconsonant sound with an inherent vowel A.

There are five “vargas” (groups) of consonants, eachnamed after the first item of the group. The first andthird items of the group are non-aspirated, whereassecond and fourth items are aspirated. The fifth itemof each group is a nasal consonant, which can

combine only with the other four items of the samegroup to form nasal consonants.

There are 10 non-varga consonants. Oriya maintainsa distinction between YA (OB2F) and YYA (OB5F).DDA and DDHA are derived from DDA (OB21)and DDHA (OB22) by putting the nukta (OB3C)below these.

Some consonant letters are rendered in their half-forms in making conjuncts. Unlike in some otherlanguages these consonants in Oriya are horizontallydivided into two parts. The lower part is positionbelow a relevant consonant to form a conjuncts.Although just half-forms in appearance, they functionas full consonants with the inherent vowel A inpronunciation. In effect, the consonants to which thesehalf-forms are attached lose their inherent vowel A.

All consonant letters are depicted in the same shapein their base forms

Independent Vowel Letters

There are separate symbols for all the vowels in Oriyascript. These are pronounced independently.

Dependent Vowel Signs

In order to inflect a consonant with a vowel, a vowelsign is attached at the consonant. All the vowel letters,excepting A, are represented by certain graphic signs.These signs are positioned above, below, to the rightor to the left of the consonant to which these areapplied.

Halant

The halant in Oriya is used as the vowel omissionsign. It serves to cancel the inherent vowel of theconsonant to which it is applied. It also functions asa combining character. Application of a halant signmakes a consonant a pure consonant. This sign isplaced below the base grapheme. Obviously no othersign can be attached to a consonant letter havingthis sign below it.

Consonant Conjuncts

Consonant conjuncts are formed by combining upto four consonants without their intervening vowels.One or more pure consonants are attached to other

Contents Page 58

pure consonants. The last consonant retains theinherent vowel A.

The following types of conjuncts are available inOriya.

1. The lower part of horizontally divided consonantletter is attached to a whole consonant. The wholeconsonant is presented in its base form, butpronounced as a pure consonant.

2. A diminutive form of a consonant is attachedbelow a whole consonant, which is treated as apure consonant in pronunciation. The diminutiveconsonant retains the inherent vowel A.

3. A fully ligated conjunct is formed, where theconstituents are not distinct or identifiable.

4. Ten consonants are represented by certain graphicconsonant signs, which do not correspond visuallyto the consonants they represent.

Excepting YYA which is placed to the right ofthe base consonant, the other nine consonant signsare placed below the base consonants.

5. The conjunct [ö represented by a diminutive HÆ isplaced below _ and j to form §Æ and ±Æ . Howeveralternatively these can be rendered as «Æö and ªÆö .

6. The vowel inflected [Ê represented by diminutive Jis placed below _ and j to form _

J and j

J.

However alternatively these can be rendered as «ÊÆand ªÊÆ .

7. When a pure RA is attached to a whole consonantit is placed above to the right of thatconsonant. This is called “repha” in Oriya.

8. When a pure consonant is attached to RA, RAretains its inherent vowel A. It is called “ra-phalaa”in Oriya.

Nukta

Nukta is placed only below DDA and DDHA tosuggest a variant pronunciation.

Anuswar

Anuswar indicates one of the five nasal sounds inOriya. Whenever an anuswar comes before aconsonant constituting any of the five vargas, it

represents the fifth item, i.e. the nasal consonantbelonging to that varga. It represents a different nasalsound when placed after any of the ten non-vargaconsonants.

Chandrabindu

Chandrabindu, placed above to the right of a vowelletter, a consonant letter or vowel-inflected consonantindicates its nasalization.

Visarga

Visarga indicates the addition of a sound similar to /h/. It is attached to the right side of a vowel letter, aconsonant letter or a vowel-inflected consonant.

Avagraha

Known as khanda-akaara, in Oriya this sign is usedin the formation a limited number of compoundwords formed according to rules of Sanskrit grammar.

Numerals

The Oriya script has its own numerals.

Punctuation marks

All punctuation marks in Oriya, except the poornachheda, have been borrowed from English.

“Deceased” or “dead” mark

A typical mark (û) is used before names of personswho are dead. This is known as “swargata chinna” inOriya.

Bi-functional signs

There is a small number consonant signs whichrepresent more than one consonant.

DDA and TA are represented by ñÆ (example : Æ, ªÆ )

CHA and THA are represented by 00 (example : {, y)

On the other hand there are some consonants, whichare represented by more than one sign.

MA is represented by ë and c¤ (example : ]ë, ®¤ )

NNA is represented by a diminutive O and adiminutive NNA (example : »¤, Ĥ)

E and O are two vowel letters as such. But when E isplaced below NA and SA it represents TRA . When O

Contents Page 59

4.3.3 Typical Colloquial Sentences inOriya

GREETING

w Hello

hÊZÞÒa¶ÉÖÊhɤÉäsunibe

w Good Morning

jÊ�õbþÐ[ºÉÖ|ɦÉÉiÉshuprabhAta

w Good Afternoon

jÊbþjuÔкÉ֦ɺÉxvªÉÉshubhashandhA

w Good Night

jÊbþeþÐ[öºÉ֦ɮúÉjÉshubharAtra

w Good Bye

jÊaÞ]ЯƺÉÖʤÉnùɪÉshubidAy

w Thanks

^_ÔaÐ]vÉxªÉ¤ÉÉndhanyabAda

w How are you

A�Z ÒLcÞ[Þ @R«ÞÆ+É{ÉhÉ EäòʨÉÊiÉ +UôÎxiÉaapana kemiti achhanti

w I am fine thank you

cÊÜ bþmþ @RÞ, ^_ÔaÐ]¨ÉÖÄ ¦É±É +ÊUô, vÉxªÉ¤ÉÉnùmu.M bhala achhi

w Sorry

cÊÜ ]ÊÓMÞ[¨ÉÖÄ nÖù&ÊJÉiÉmu.M du:khita

is placed below NNA and SSA it represents NNA.When the same O is placed below NA and SA it standsfor TU.

Appendix - 1

Constituents of Oriya Graphemes

All the graphemes representing Oriya vowels andconsonants are based on the circle and a vertical orslanted line. The lower part of a grapheme is itsidentifier.

L Q R S X Y [ ] _ a kþ

All the above graphemes have arch-like tops.

M N O Z i c d j h

All the above graphemes have vertical lines on right.

The following table shows the ten constituents ofthe whole Oriya alphabet.1. 0...... W Q R V N eþ Tþ M F \2. 00......n p <¼ =¼ o B C y x3. Þ ...... Q R S L _ X Y [ a f ]4. ..... @ A f mþ5. ..... [ � $¼ i ] kþ a6. ..... O ~ w v *¼ s ¡þ7. Ð ...... M N O Z \ ^ � $¼ c d Æ l h i j8. \ ...... ^9. / ...... X XÏ D E P¼ H I d Æ l c j t u10. ...... J rþ K g s »¤ À¤

(Courtesy : Dr. A. K. Pujari, CEOOrissa Computer Application Centre,

IPICOL Annexe BuildingJanpath, Bhuwaneshwar 751022

Ph. 0674-540830, 541154, 543485Fax. 0674-542669

E-mail : akp@ocac.ernet.in&

Dr. P.K. TripathyDepartment of English,

BJB College, Bhubaneswar-751014Ph. : 0674-434304)

Contents Page 60

WEATHER

w It is cold

aràþcÐ_ \¨ÆÐ �XÏÞRÞ¤ÉkÉÇ ÉÉxÉ lÉhb÷É {ÉÊc÷ÊUôBarttamAna thaNDA padichhi

w It is cool outside

aÐkþÐÒeþ \¨ÆÐ @RÞ¤ÉɽþÉ®äú lÉhb÷É +ÊUôBAhAre thaNDA achhi

w It is hot

Neþc ÒkþDRÞMÉ®ú É ½äþ=ÊUôgarama heuchhi

w It is raining

aiàÐ ÒkþDRޤɹÉÉÇ ½äþ=ÊUôbarShA heuchhi

GENERAL

w What is your name?

[Êceþ _Ðc L�Z ?iÉÖ É®ú xÉÉ¨É EòhÉ ?tumara nAma ka’Na ?

w My name is Ranjan

ÒcÐeþ _Ðc eÕþS_¨ÉÉä®ú xÉÉ¨É ®ÆúVÉxÉmora nAma rMjana

w Where do you live?

[ÊÒc ÒLDÜWÞ aÐjLeþ ?iÉÖ Éä dsm¡fB ¤ÉɺÉEò®ú ?tume keu.Mthi bAsakara ?

w I live near Ghantaghar

cÊÜ OÃФOeþ _ÞLVÒeþ aÐjLÒeþ¨ÉÖÄ PÉh]ÉõPÉ®ú ÊxÉEò]õ®äú ¤ÉɺÉEò®äúmu.M ghanTAghara nikaTare bAsakare

w How old are you?

[Êceþ a¯Æj ÒLÒ[ ?iÉÖ É®ú ¤ÉªÉºÉ EäòiÉä ?tumara baYasa kete ?

w That building is tall

ÒjkÞþ �õÐjÐ]VÞ Dn @ÒVºÉäʽþ |ÉɺÉÉnùÊ]õ =SSÉ +]äõsehi prAsAdaTi uchcha aTe

w She is beautifulÒj jÊteþÑ @V«ÞºÉä ºÉÖxnù®úÒ +]õÎxiÉse sundarI aTanti

w I like Bengali sweetscÊÜ aÕNÐfÑ cÞ½¤Ð_ï �jt LÒe¨ÉÖÄ ¤ÉÆMÉɳýÒ Ê¨É¹]õÉzÉ {ɺÉxnù Eò®äúmu.M baMgALI miShTAnna pasanda kare

w I love birdscÊÜ �lÑcÐ_*ʼ bþmþ�ÐH¨ÉÖÄ {ÉIÉÒ¨ÉÉxÉRÂóEÖò ¦É±É{ÉÉBmu.M pakShImAnaNgku bhalapAe

w Where is Railway station?ÒeþfÒ½¤j_ ÒLDÜWÞ ?®äú³ý¹]äõºÉxÉ dsm ¡fB ?reLaShTesan keu.Mthi ?

w How far is the Bus Terminal from here?aj eþkþZÞ HWÐeÊþ ÒLÒ[ ]Ëeþ ?¤ÉºÉ ®ú½þÊhÉ ,Bk# EäòiÉä nÚù®ú ?bas rahaNi eThAru kete dUra ?

w How long will it take to reach the Airport?aÞcÐ_ateþÒeþ �kþqÞaÐLÊ ÒLÒ[ jc¯Æ mþÐNÞa ?ʤɨÉÉxɤÉxnù®ú®äú {ɽþÎ\SɤÉÉEÖò EäòiÉä ºÉ¨ÉªÉ ±ÉÉÊMÉ¤É ?bimAnabandarare pahaNjchibAku kete samaYalAgiba ?

w Is Mr. Raghunath there?hõÑ eþOÊ_Ð\ ÒjWÐÒeþ @R«ÞÆ LÞ ?¸ÉÒ ®úPÉÖxÉÉlÉ lsBkjs +UôÎxiÉ ÊEò ?shri raghunAtha seThAre achhanti ki ?

w Please tell him to call back as soon as he is free]¯ÆÐ LeÞþ [Ð*ʼ LÊkþ LÞ Òj @ajeþ cÞfÞÒmþ ÒcÐÒ[ ]ËeþbþÐicÐ^ÔcÒeþ XÐLÞÒanùªÉÉ EòÊ®ú iÉÉRÂóEÖò EÖò½þ ÊEò ºÉä +¤ÉºÉ®ú ʨÉʳý±Éä ¨ÉÉäiÉänÚù®ú¦ÉÉ¹É ¨ÉÉvªªÉ¨É®äú b÷ÉÊEò¤Éädaya kari taNgku kuha ki se abasara miLilemote durabhASha maDhYamare Dakibe

Contents Page 61

w How much will it cost?

HkþÐeþ ]Ðcç ÒLÒ[ ?B½þÉ®ú nùɨÉ EäòiÉä ?ehAra dAm kete ?

w Excuse me

lcÐ LeÞþÒaIɨÉÉ EòÊ®ú¤ÉäkShaMa karibe

w From which Platform can I get the train for

Chandigarh?

ÒLDÜ �íÐVç$¼càeÊþ cÊÜ Q¨ÆÑNXLÊ ÒeþfNÐXÞ �ÐBaÞ ?Eäò=Ä {±ÉÉ]Âõ¡ò¨ÉÇ û ¨ÉÖÄ SÉhb÷ÒMÉb÷EÖò ®äú³ýMÉÉÊb÷ {ÉÉ<Ê¤É ?keu.M plATfarmaru mu.M chaNDigadaku

reLagADi pAibi ?

w Does this train stop at Aligarh?

HkÞþ ÒeþfNÐXÞVÞ @mþÑNXçWÐÒeþ eþkÞþa LÞ ?Bʽþ ®äú³ýMÉÉÊb÷Ê]õ vyhxM~Bkjs ®úʽþ¤É ÊEò ?ehi reLagADiTi alIgaDThare rahiba ki ?

w How many kids do you have?

A�Z*¼eþ ÒLÒ[SZ j«ÆÐ_j«Æ[Þ @R«ÞÆ ?+É{ÉhÉRÂóEò®ú EäòiÉäVÉhÉ ºÉxiÉÉxɺÉxiÉÊiÉ +UôÎxiÉ ?ApaNaNgkara ketejaNa santAnsantati achhanti?

w This gift is wonderful

HkÞþ D�kþÐeþVÞ QcLúÐeþ ÒkþÐBRÞBʽþ ={ɽþÉ®úÊ]õ SɨÉiEòÉ®ú ½þÉä<ÊUôehi upahAraTi chamatkAra hoichhi

w It is really pretty

HBVÞ �õLó[Òeþ jÊteþ @ÒVB<Ê]õ |ÉEÞòiÉ®äú ºÉÖxnù®ú +]äõeiTi prakHRitare sundara aTe

w Food is delicious

MÆÐ]ÔVÞ jèÐ] dÊ¦Æ @ÒVJÉÉtÊ]õ º¤ÉÉnù ªÉÃÖHò +]äõkhAdYaTi sbAda Jukta ate

w Congratulations

hÊÒbþoжÉÖ¦ÉäSUôÉshubhechchhA

w You look lovely

[ÊÒc jÊteþ ]ÞhÊR

iÉÖ Éä ºÉÖxnù®ú Ênù¶ÉÖUôtume sundara dishuchha

w Wish you happy new year

_aaiàeþ hÊÒbþoÐ

xɤɤɹÉÇ®ú ¶ÉÖ¦ÉäSUôÉsubhakAmanA karuchhi

w I wish you all the happiness

cÊÜ A�Z*¼eþ jÊbþLÐc_Ð LeÊþRÞ

¨ÉÖÄ +É{ÉhÉRÂóEò®ú ºÉÖ¦ÉEòɨÉxÉÉ Eò¯ûÊUnababarShara shubhechchhA mu.MApaNaNgkara

w Congratulations on your marriage

aÞaÐkþ D�mþÒl hÊÒbþoÐ

ʤɤÉɽþ ={ɱÉIÉä ¶ÉÖ¦ÉäSUôÉbibAha upalakShe shubhechchhA

w Keep your eyes wide open before marriage andhalf- shut afterwards

Ò]MÞQÐkÚþ aÞaÐkþ Leþ HaÕ �Òeþ jaÊL\Ð QfÐB _Þ@¼¼Ð

ºÉ¤ÉÖÊEòÊUô näùÊJÉSÉÉ˽þ ʤɤÉɽþ Eò®ú B¤ÉÆ {É®äú ºÉ¤ÉÖEòlÉÉ SɳýÉ<

ÊxÉ+ *dekhichAhi.M bibAha kara ebM paresabukathA chaLAi nia

(Courtesy : Prof. (Ms) Sanghmitra MohantyDepartment of computer science & application

Vani Vihar, Utkal University,Bhubaneshwar – 751 004

Tel. 0674-580216 (O), 540865(R)Fax: 674-581850

E-mail : sangham@dte.vsnl.net.in)

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