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563.11.1 ZigBee

Samuel Nelson

University of Illinois

Fall 2007

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What is ZigBee?

A low data rate, low power specification

ZigBee Alliance is

an association of companies working

together to enable reliable, cost-effective, low-power, wirelessly networked, monitoring andcontrol products based on an open global

standard.

2ZigBee Alliance Homepage

http://www.zigbee.org/en/http://www.zigbee.org/en/

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ZigBees Place

Data Rate (Mbps)

Range

ZigBee

802.15.415.4c

802.15.3802.15.3cWPAN

WLAN

WMAN

WWAN

WiFi

802.11

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

Bluetooth

802.15.1

IEEE 802.22

WiMax

IEEE 802.16

IEEE 802.20

Heile, B. Wireless Sensor and Control Networks (PPT), 2006

http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asphttp://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asp

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History of ZigBee

No adequate solution for: Smart badges

Home Automation

Interactive toys

IEEE 802.15.4 taskgroup set out to design

a standard with:

Low data rate

Long battery life Very low complexity

In 2003, a standard was

completed

IEEE 802.11.4 Website

http://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.htmlhttp://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html

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History of ZigBee

October 2002

ZigBee Alliance is formed

December 2004

ZigBee 1.0 is released

Current releases

802.15.4 is 2006

ZigBee specification is 2007

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Protocol Stack and Responsibility

Physical Radio (PHY)

Medium Access (MAC)

Application

NWK

App Support (APS)

SSP

Responsibility

ZDO

Protocol Stack

Craig, W. ZigBee, 2004. Heile, B. Wireless

http://plato.csie.ncku.edu.tw/Network-slides-dir/ZigbeeWireless-Craig.pdfhttp://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asphttp://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asphttp://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asphttp://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asphttp://plato.csie.ncku.edu.tw/Network-slides-dir/ZigbeeWireless-Craig.pdf

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IEEE 802.15.4 PHY

Heile, B. Wireless Sensor and Control Networks (PPT), 2006

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum

Link quality measurements

Used by higher layers

http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asphttp://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asp

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IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

Two addressing modes 16 bit (~65,000 devices)

64 bit (lots of devices)

CSMA/CA Allows for network beaconing

Wake up periodically, checking for a beacon

Power savings Nodes can sleep between beacons

Nodes that dont have to route or randomlyreceive can sleep until needed

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Network Layer

Devices

ZigBee Coordinator

Network Creator

ZigBee Router Multi-hop Routing

ZigBee End Device

Very low power

Light switch (ZED)

Status: Sleep,

except when flipped

Light source (ZC or ZR)

Status: Always On

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Network Topologies

ZigBee Coordinator

ZigBee Router

ZigBee End Device

Star

Mesh

Cluster Tree

Heile, B. Wireless Sensor and Control Networks (PPT), 2006

http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asphttp://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asp

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Routing

Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector(AODV)

Used for mesh topologies

Cluster-Tree Algorithm Form clusters of nodes that make a tree

Ergen, S. ZigBee/802.15.4 Summary, 2004

http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~suman/courses/838/papers/zigbee.pdfhttp://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~suman/courses/838/papers/zigbee.pdf

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ZigBee Applications

TELECOMSERVICES

m-commerce

info services

object interaction

(Internet of Things)

ZigBeeWireless Control that

Simply Works

HOMECONTROL

TV

VCR

DVD/CD

remote

security

HVAC

lighting control

access control

irrigation

PC &PERIPHERALS

INDUSTRIALCONTROL

asset mgt

process

control

environmental

energy mgt

PERSONALHEALTH CARE

securityHVAC

AMR

lighting control

accesscontrol

mouse

keyboard

joystick

patient

monitoring

fitness

monitoring

Heile, B. Wireless Sensor and Control Networks (PPT), 2006

http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asphttp://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asp

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Example Profiles

Home Automation

Devices used:

Light switch

Lamp Thermostat

Industrial Plant Monitoring

Devices used: Pressure sensors

Cameras

Thermostat

Heile, B. Wireless Sensor and Control Networks (PPT), 2006

http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asphttp://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asp

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Application Messages

Periodic

Use beaconing system

Ex) Meter systems

Intermittent

Beaconless or disconnected

Ex) Light switch

Repetitive low latency

Time slot allocations

Ex) Security system

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ZigBee Security

ZigBee is touted as highly secure

Relies on centralized infrastructure

Coordinator acts as trust center

Types of keys: Master key

Installed out-of-band

Network key

Shared by all devices No protection against insider attacks

Link key

Derived from master key

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Trust Center

Can be the coordinator or a dedicateddevice on the network

Trust during Join

Authenticate join requests

Network

Updates and distributes network key

End-to-End Configuration

Assists link key setup

ZigBee Alliance, ZigBee Security Specification Overview, 2005

http://www.zigbee.org/en/events/documents/December2005_Open_House_Presentations/ZigBee_Security_Layer_Technical_Overview.pdfhttp://www.zigbee.org/en/events/documents/December2005_Open_House_Presentations/ZigBee_Security_Layer_Technical_Overview.pdf

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End-to-End Key Establishment

ZigBee Alliance, ZigBee Security Specification Overview, 2005

http://www.zigbee.org/en/events/documents/December2005_Open_House_Presentations/ZigBee_Security_Layer_Technical_Overview.pdfhttp://www.zigbee.org/en/events/documents/December2005_Open_House_Presentations/ZigBee_Security_Layer_Technical_Overview.pdf

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ZigBee vs. Bluetooth

Larger Range 100m vs. 10m

Lower Data Rate

20 to 250 Kbps vs. 1 Mbps

Lower Energy

Multi-year vs. multi-day battery life

Device numbers

7 slaves per network vs. 65,000 nodes

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Conclusions

ZigBee is beneficial for low data rate, lowpower applications

Control

Automation

Monitoring

Centralized trust center helps to manage

security

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References

ZigBee Alliance home page: http://www.zigbee.org/en/index.asp

ZigBee Alliance tutorial

http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentati

ons.asp

IEEE 802.15.4 task group

http://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html