zigbee final

7/30/2019 Zigbee Final

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BITS PilaniK K Birla Goa Campus

Applications of

Zigbee


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BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus


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Click to edit Master subtitle style



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WHAT IS ZIGBEE?

Technological Standard Created for Control andSensor Networks

Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard

Created by the ZigBee Alliance


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SENSOR/CONTROL NETWORKREQUIREMENTS

Large networks that can operate reliably foryears without any intervention

Very long battery life

very low infrastructure cost and low complexity

Device data rate and QoS needs are low

Standardized protocols are necessary to allowmultiple vendors to interoperate

3


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Engineers feel Wi-Fi and Bluetooth may beunsuitable for certain applications.

ZigBee-compliant radios may operate on one ofthree different radio bands: the 800 MHz, 900MHz, or 2.4 GHz frequencies.

Follows the internationally recognized radiostandard for the MAC and PHY Layer.

Characterstics of Zigbee


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Low Data RateRadio Devices

TV VCR DVD CD Remote

Mouse Keyboard Joystick Gamepad

Security HVAC Lighting Closures

PETs Gameboys Educational

Monitors Diagnostics Sensors

Industrial &Commercial

ConsumerElectronics

PersonalHealthcare

Monitors Sensors Automation Control

Toys &Games

HomeAutomation

PCPeripherals

TARGET MARKETS



ZIGBEE VS WIFI

VS bLUETOOTH



Zigbee vs WiFi vsBluetooth ZigBee Wi-Fi Bluetooth

Range 10 100 m upto 100 m 10 100 m

NetworkingTopologies

Ad-hoc,mesh

point to hub Ad-hoc very smallnetworks

Operatingfrequency

868 MHz(Europe) ; 900-928 MHz (NA) ,2.4 GHz(worldwide)

2.4 and 5 GHz 2.1 GHz

Complexity Low High High

Powerconsumption

very low(design goal)

High Moderate

Applications Industrialcontrol andmonitoring,

buildingautomation,

Wireless LANconnectivity,broadband

internet access

Wirelessconnectivitybetween

devices.



Choosing the right wireless technology



1. Power

wifI

zigbee

VS



2. BIT RATE

wifI

zigbee

VS



3. Range

wifI

zigbee

VS



WHY ZIGBEE?

Reliable Mesh networking Low data-rate applications Very long battery life Secure Scalable

Low cost Global applicability


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SystemArchitecture



WHAT IS ZIGBEE PROTOCOL?

The IEEE 802.15.4 covers the physicallayer and the MAC layer of low-rateWPAN.

The ZigBee is an emerging standard thatis based on the IEEE 802.15.4 and adds

network construction (star networks, peer-to-peer/mesh networks, and cluster-treenetworks), application services, andmore.



IEEE 802.15.4

IEEE 802.15.4 is a standard defined by for lowrate, wireless personal area network.

The standard defines the Physical layer andMedium Access Layer.


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ZigBee Node-Types

ZigBee Coordinator (ZBC) (IEEE 802.15.4)

only one in a network

initiates network stores information about the network

all devices communicate with the ZBC

routing functionality bridge to other networks


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ZigBee Router (ZBR) (IEEE 802.15.4)

optional component

routes between nodes

extends network coverage

manages local address allocation/de-allocation


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ZigBee End Device (ZBE) (IEEE 802.15.4 )

optimized for low power consumption

cheapest device type

communicates only with the coordinator

sensor would be deployed here


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ZigBee Network Topologies

Star

Mesh

Cluster Tree PAN coordinator

Full Function Device

Reduced Function Device


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Star Topology Advantage

Easy to synchronize Low latency

Disadvantage Small scale


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Mesh Topology Advantage

Robust multihop communication

Network is more flexible Lower latency

Disadvantage Route discovery is costly

Needs storage for routing table


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Cluster Tree Advantage

Low routing cost

Allow multihop communication Disadvantage

Route reconstruction is costly

Latency may be quite long


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ZIGBEE MESH NETWORKING


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Radio Interface and

Modulation


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ZigBee Frequency Bands


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Quality of Service (QoS)

High data throughput

Low duty cycle

ZigBee is ideal for home, business, and industrialautomation where control devices and sensors arecommonly used

the battery life of ZigBee devices is very long


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ProtocolArchitecture


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picture taken from [11]


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PHYSICAL LAYER

The 802.15.4 standard specifies differentservices that the Physical Layer(PHY) provides.

The PHY data service controls the radio, andthus, the transmission and reception of thesignals.

The management service performs EnergyDetection in the channel, Clear Channel

Assesment before sending the messages.


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IEEE 802.15.4 Physical Layer

PHY functionalities: Activation and deactivation of the radio

transceiver

Energy detection within the current channel Link quality indication for received packets Clear channel assessment for CSMA-CA Channel frequency selection Data transmission and reception


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IEEE 802.15.4 BANDS

868/868.6 MHz for Europe 902/928 MHz for North America 2400/2483.5 MHz worldwide

Binary Data


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PHY frame structure

PHY packet fields Preamble (32 bits) synchronization Start of packet delimiter (8 bits) shall be

formatted as 11100101 PHY header (8 bits) PSDU length PSDU (0 to 127 bytes) data field

Preamble

Start ofPacketDelimiter

PHY Header

PHY ServiceData Unit(PSDU)

4Octets

0-127

Bytes

Sync Header PHY Payload

1Octets

1Octets

FrameLength(7

bit)

Reserve(1 bit)


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MAC LAYER

Interface between the PHY layer and the higherlayer protocols.

Handles all access to physical radio channel

and is responsible for: Supporting PAN association and disassociation Supporting device security Handling and maintaining the GTS mechanism Providing a reliable link between two peer MAC

entities


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IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Layer

Device Classes Full function device (FFD)

Can function in any topology Capable of being Network coordinator Can talk to any other device (FFD/RFD)

Reduced function device (RFD) Limited to star topology Cannot become network coordinator Talks only to FFDs

Address All devices must have 64 bit IEEE addresses Short (16 bit) addresses can be allocated to reduce

packet size


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MAC LAYER FRAME FORMATS

The IEEE 802.15.4 defines four frame types:beacon, data, acknowledgment, and MACcommand frame.

All frame types are based on the general MACframe format.

The frame control field describes and specifies theabove different frame types.


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DATA FRAME FORMAT

BEACON FRAME FORMAT


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COMMAND FRAMEFORMAT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTFRAME FORMAT


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Transmission Mode


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NETWORK LAYER

The ZigBee standard works on top of the IEEE802.15.4 addressing schema by using thestandard 64-bit and the short 16-bit addressing.

Network layer responsibilities:

Establishment of a new network. New device configuration, addressing

assignment, network synchronization Frames security Message routing.


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Application Layer

The application layer consists of

APS (Application Support) sub-layer, Application framework Application objects, and

ZDO (ZigBee Device Object).


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Security inzigbee


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Security in Zigbee

ZigBee security is based on 128-bit algorithm Security services include methods for key

establishment, device management, & frameprotection. ZigBee defines security for the MAC, NWK and APS

layers

Security for applications is provided throughApplication Profiles.


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ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4

PHY868MHz / 915MHz /

2.4GHz

MAC

Application

NetworkStar / Mesh / Cluster-Tree

Security32- / 64- / 128-bitencryption

API

ZigBeeAlliance

IEEE802.15.4

Customer

ZigBee Alliance-the software

-Network, Security & Applicationlayers-Brand management

IEEE 802.15.4-the hardware-Physical & Media Access

Control layers


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Trust Center

ZigBee introduces the concept of the trust Center,which Stores the keys for the network

Uses the security services to configure a device withits key

Uses the security services to authorize a deviceonto the network

The ZigBee Coordinator is usually designated the TrustCenter


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Security keys

Master keys used as shared secret between two devices when

they perform the Key Establishment Procedure

Network keys Perform Network Layer security on a ZigBee

network.

Link keys Secure messages between two devices at the

Application Layer.


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PROS AND CONS

Pros

good extension of existingstandards

supported by many

companies low power consumption low cost easy implemented

(Designer concentrates on

end application) flexible network structure

Cons

Not many end devicesavailable yet

Single point of failure(centralized architecture)


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CONCLUSION

Zigbee applications are in diverse areas Zigbee Alliance works as a non-profit

organization which has more than 200

members. IEEE 802.15.4 covers Physical Layer

And Mac Layer.

Zigbee adds networkconstruction,application services, andmore.


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