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ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY PROCESSES

Miscible, Chemical, and Thermal

InstructorDr. Maria A. Barrufet

Petroleum Engineering DepartmentTexas A&M University

e-mail: maria.barrufet@pe.tamu.edu

Contact Information: 979.845.0314Office: Rooms 407B Richardson BuildingOffice Hours: By appointment and Chat Hour TBD

Course Description:Fundamentals and theory of enhanced oil recovery; polymer flooding, surfactant flooding, miscible

gas flooding and steam flooding; application of fractional flow theory; strategies and displacementperformance calculations. Prerequisites: PETE 323.

ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES

Class Schedule TBD

Grading:Your final grade in PETE 609 is based on your individual performance and your participation as ateam member. All students are expected to participate in class. Your participation is important tothe success of the course as much of the learning will occur in collaboration with yourclassmates. The homework assignments and threaded discussions are ways you candemonstrate you have mastered lesson objectives, and will help prepare you for the exam. Allassignments should be completed on schedule. The following is the grading policy

GRADING SUMMARY PETE 609

Assessment Percentage

Paper Reviews 10%

Participation & Homework 10%

Mid-Term Examination TBA 40%

Final Project Written Report @ OralPresentation 40%

GUIDELINES FOR PAPER REVIEW

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It should take no more than one page to summarize a typical paper. Some papers may requiremore; use your own judgment. Learn to be concise and to state briefly the essential ideascommunicated.

USUAL ORGANIZATION OF A REVIEW (adapted from Dr. John Lee)

Authors, title. Use the SPE standard reference style. (You can find it in the SPE Guide to Publications,

which is on the web at http://www.spe.org)

Problem. Briefly, describe the problem the authors are trying to solve.

Solution. Describe the solution the authors propose. Did they propose a specific method to recoveradditional oil, do they discuss data required, limitations, do they analyze performance? What is it?

Value. Describe the value of the authors solution to the petroleum industry.

Conclusions. Describe the conclusions the authors reached as a result of their analysis

Approach. Describe what the authors did to validate their proposed solution.

Limitations. List the limitations of the work. Is it applicable to only a certain type of reservoir or field?

Application. How would you apply the knowledge provided in this paper?

Critique. What questions did the authors leave unanswered? What could the authors have done tomake the paper better?

OBJECTIVES FOR REVIEWING PAPERS IN THIS CLASS

To learn how to learn from papers (harder than textbooks, but more important in the long run)

To learn how to identify the really important ideas in papers

To learn how to summarize ideas concisely

To learn how engineers with vastly different points of view think and how they approach problems andtheir solutions

ACCESSING AND DOWNLOADING PAPERS

Students on campus:

Go to library.tamu.edu

Search for SPE.

Click the link to SPE.

Look for your ID and Password in the lower part of the page.

Follow the instructions for logging into the SPE library. If/when the password changes, the change willbe posted on the librarys SPE link.

Distance-learning students:

Log into My Portal on the library.tamu.edu Web site using your NetIDs (the same ID and passwordyou use for WebCT).

Any student can use My Portal to access the TAMU library---and the SPE library---from anywhere.

In My Portal, you can set up My Journals so you do not have to search for SPE every time. All youhave to do is click the book icon next to the link; this works for all the resources in the library. Onceyou link to SPE, it works the same as on campus.

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Academic Integrity Syllabus Statement

An Aggie does not lie, cheat, or steal or tolerate those who do.

All syllabi shall contain a section that states the Aggie Honor Code and refers the student to theHonor Council Rules and Procedures on the webhttp://www.tamu.edu/aggiehonor

It is further recommended that instructors print the following on assignments and examinations:

On my honor, as an Aggie, I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid on this academicwork.

__________________________________

Signature of Student

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Policy Statement

The following ADA Policy Statement (part of the Policy on Individual Disabling Conditions) wassubmitted to the UCC by the Department of Student Life. The policy statement was forwarded tothe Faculty Senate for information.

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a federal antidiscrimination statue that providescomprehensive civil rights protection for persons with disabilities. Among other things, thislegislation requires that all students with disabilities be guaranteed a learning environment thatprovides for reasonable accommodation of their disabilities. If you believe that you have adisability requiring an accommodation, please contact the Department of Student Life, Servicesfor Students with Disabilities in Room 126 of the Koldus Building, or call 845-1637.

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Course Contents General

Module 1: General EOR - Reservoir Engineering

Course OverviewDefinition of Reserves

Environmental and Economics Aspects of EOR MethodsDisplacement FundamentalsReservoir Engineering Concepts for EORIntroduction to Enhanced Oil Recovery Methods (EOR)Factors Affecting Oil RecoveryComparative Performance of Different EOR MethodsScreening Criteria and Technical ConstraintsDefinitions: Mobility Ratios, Sweeping Efficiencies, Recovery Efficiencies, Trapped Oil SaturationPhase Behavior and Fluid PropertiesExercises

Suggested Reading[1]

: L, MAB[1] key for references at the end of the syllabus

Module: 2 Miscible ProcessesGeneral Overview of Solvent MethodsPhase Behavior Fundamentals from: Pressure/Temperature and Pressure/Composition DiagramsQuantitative Representation of Phase Equilibria Processes: Gas Injection and ProductionTernary Diagrams to Represent Gas Injection Processes: Miscible and Immiscible ProcessesMechanisms of Oil Displacement. Diffusion and DispersionHydrocarbon Miscible Displacement

First Contact Miscible ProcessesThe Condensing-Gas ProcessThe Vaporizing-Gas Process

Minimum Miscibility Pressure (MMP)Carbon Dioxide FloodingDissipation in Miscible Displacements

Instability Phenomena (viscous fingering)Simulation Models as Reservoir Management Tools.

ExercisesSuggested Reading: L, S, MAB, R8, R18, AC, SPE

Module 3: Chemical and Polymer Flooding

Fractional Flow TheoryDissipation in Immiscible DisplacementsApplications of Fractional Flow in Oil Recovery Calculations

Homogeneous Reservoirs: Buckley-Leverett. One-dimensional displacement

Layered Reservoirs: Styles, Dykstra-Parsons and Johnson Methods.Improved Waterflooding Processes: Polymer FloodingRheology of Polymer SolutionsPolymer Adsorption and RetentionMicellar-Polymer or Microemulsion FloodingProperties of Surfactants and CosurfactantsSurfactant-Brine-Oil Phase BehaviorPerformance EvaluationDetermination of Residual Oil Saturation-TracersLaboratory Tests for Chemical Floods

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Exercises

Suggested Reading: L, D, MAB, R24, AC, SPE

Module 4: Thermal Processes

Steam Injection ProcessesCyclic and Continuous Steam InjectionThermal Properties of Fluids and SolidsSteam Properties: Flow Rate and Quality Measurements.Temperature Effect on Reservoir and Fluid Properties

Viscosity ReductionThermal Expansion

Oil Characterization for Thermal Reservoir SimulationEvaluation of Heat LossesPrediction of Steam Flood Performance

Cyclic Steam Performance: Marx-Langenheim model.Steamflood Performance: Gomaas Method. Correlations.

Exercises

Suggested Reading: MAB, MP, SPE

Key to Main References:

AC = Applied Enhanced Oil Recovery, Aurel Carcoana (1992) Prentice HallD = Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering, L. P. Dake (1978) - ElsevierIOCC = Improved Oil Recovery , Interstate Oil Compact CommissionMAB = Class notes from Maria Antonieta BarrufetMP = Thermal Recovery, Michael Pratts, SPE Monograph #7L = Enhanced Oil Recovery, Larry Lake (1989) Prentice HallR8 = SPE Reprints No 8, Miscible ProcessesR18 = SPE Reprint No 18, Miscible FloodingR24 = SPE Reprints No 24 (I, and II) , Surfactant/Polymer Chemical

FloodingS = Miscible Displacement , Stalkup SPE Monograph #8SPE = Various SPE papers to be announced

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