A Modern Method for Determining Turfgrass Nutrient Requirements잔디의영양요구를결정하기위한현대적방법

Micah Woods, Ph.D. Chief Scientist | Asian Turfgrass Center www.asianturfgrass.com@asianturfgrass

22 January 2014Korea GIS

experiments investigating the levels of nutrients in the soil and in the leaf잔디잎과토양내의영양분 수준을

조사하기 위한실험

Cornell University, July 2003

Cornell University, 2005

experiments investigating the levels of nutrients in the soil and in the leaf잔디잎과토양내의영양분 수준을

조사하기 위한실험

“The current target ranges of extractable K in sand rootzones promote K fertilizer applications that may be detrimental to turfgrass performance.” “뿌리층모래에서추출한칼륨의대상범위는잔디의성능에유해할수있는칼륨비료시비를촉진합니다.”

Woods et al., 2006

Crop Science. Potassium Availability Indices and Turfgrass Performance in a Calcareous Sand Putting Green.

more than 50 grass varieties, grown in sand and in soil

모래와토양에서 50개이상의잔디품종생육

ATC Research Facility, January 2008

“There were no observed changes in shoot and root growth in response to K fertilization even at low soil test K levels.” “토양분석에서매우낮은수준의칼륨이측정되는상황에서칼륨시비에대한반응으로신초와뿌리발육에대한변화는관측되지않았습니다.”

Ebdon et al., 2013

Crop Science. Long-term Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization on Perennial Ryegrass Turf.Crop Science. 페레니얼라이그래스에대한질소와칼륨비료의장기간영향

“The results of this intensive 4-year investigation do not suggest that additional K fertilization is beneficial for bermudagrass quality or clipping yield when elevated soil Na is present.” “전문적인 4년간의조사결과는버뮤다그래스에추가되는칼륨비료가 토양에높은나트륨이 존재하는시기에, 품질이나 예지물량에좋은효과가없다는것을제시하였습니다.”

Cisar et al., 2013

International Turfgrass Society Research Journal. Potassium and sodium application effects on soil-test values, and turfgrass quality, clipping yield and elemental composition of bermudagrass grown in a sand soil.International Turfgrass Society Research Journal. 칼륨과나트륨의적용은토양실험평가, 잔디의품질, 예지물량및모래토양내에서의버뮤다그래스성장의기본적인구성에영향을준다.

General Principles일반원칙

1. Nitrogen controls growth and nutrient uptake.질소는성장과영양분흡수를

조절한다.

2. If there is enough of an element in the soil, none is required as fertilizer.만약토양내에충분한원소가

있다면, 어떠한비료도필요하지않다.

월별

건물중량

월별 질소 수준

월별

건물중량

월별 질소 수준

“N supply was the primary determinant of turfgrass growth rate, plant nutrient demand, and nutrient uptake. Nitrogen uptake accounted for over 88% of uptake of all other nutrients. Uptake of P and K were strongly related to tissue N content irrespective of soil test levels.”

“질소의공급은잔디의성장률, 식물영양요구및영양분흡수의주요한결정요인이되었습니다. 질소의흡수는다른모든영양분의흡수의 88% 이상을차지하고있습니다. 인과칼륨의흡수는토양분석수준과상관없이세포조직의질소함유량과밀접한관계를가지고있습니다.”

Kussow et al., 2012

ISRN Agronomy. Evidence, Regulation, and Consequences of Nitrogen-driven Nutrient Demand by TurfgrassISRN Agronomy. 잔디에의해요구되는 질소중심영양분의근거, 조절그리고결론

if the grass grows too fast, surfaces are soft

잔디가매우빠르게자란다면, 표면은소프트하게 됩니다.

seashore paspalum fairway

if the grass grows too slow, disease and thin turf

잔디가매우느리게 자란다면, 잔디가얇아지고질병이옵니다.

seashore paspalum fairway

향상된 오버씨딩 프로그램1. 기후의 역할수학적 모형은 오버씨딩 프로그램의 결과에 대한 기후의 역할을 설명하는데 도움을 줍니다.

GP = growth potential, on a scale of 0 to 1성장 가능성, 0 에서 1까지 측정

e = 2.71828, a mathematical constant수학적 상수(자연로그)

t = average temperature for a location, in ˚C해당 지역 평균 온도, ˚C

t0 = optimum temperature, 20 for C3 grass, 31 for C4 grass최적 온도 조건, C3 잔디는 20 ˚C, C4 잔디는 31 ˚C

var = adjusts the change in GP as temperature moves away from t0; I use 5.5 for C3 and 8.5 for C4

var = 최적 온도 조건으로 부터 변화되는 온도에 따라 GP의 변화 조절 ; 우즈박사는 C3 는 5.5 그리고 C4 는 8.5로 사용

leaf clippings contain nutrients잎예지물에함유되어있는영양분

N:P:K ratio in leaves is about 8:1:4

잎에서확인된 N:P:K성분비율은 8:1:4

How much can grass get from soil, and how much is needed as fertilizer?

잔디는토양으로부터얼마나얻을수있고, 얼마나많은비료가필요할까요?

The MLSN guidelines ensure that soil nutrient levels remain high enough to produce excellent turf conditions.

MLSN 가이드라인은 토양 영양분 수준이훌륭한 잔디 컨디션을 생산해내기에 충분한수준으로 유지되도록 합니다.

*Minimum Levels for Sustainable Nutrition –지속 가능한 최소 영양분 수준

www.paceturf.org/journal/global_soil_survey

Using this method, the amount of fertilizer ( F ) to apply is: 제시된 방법을 사용하면, 적용해야 하는비료(F)의 양을 계산할 수 있습니다.

F = Harvest (g/m2) + MLSN (g/m2) - soil test (g/m2)

F = 수확량(g/m2) + MLSN(지속 가능한 최소한의

영양분 정도) (g/m2) –토양분석결과(g/m2)

Median values중간값

pH: 6.6K : 84 ppmP: 44 ppmCa: 519 ppmMg: 69 ppm

100 soil samples from putting greens in 5 countries in SE Asia동남아시아 5개국가의퍼팅그린에서 얻어낸100개의토양샘플

estimated K clipping yield (harvest) = 7.7 g/m2

예지물에서 측정된 칼륨의 양 (harvest) = 7.7 g/m2

3 g N/m2/month maximum N rategrowth potential calculated for Seoul4% N in leaves2% K in leaves

Potassium (K)

MLSN guideline of 35 ppm in soil = 5.2 g K/m2

soil test level of 84 ppm in soil = 12.5 g K/m2

F = Harvest (g/m2) + MLSN (g/m2) - soil test (g/m2)

F = (7.7) + (5.2) - (12.5) = 0.4 g K/m2

2 approaches to nutrient requirements필요영양분공급을위한 2가지접근방법

1. Without soil testing, apply what the grass uses. This will usually result in application of more fertilizer = higher cost.토양 분석 없이, 잔디가 원하는 성분 적용.

이렇게 되면 보통 많은 비료를 사용하는결과를 가져올 것 입니다 = 고비용

2. A better approach: test the soil, and only apply enough to remain above the MLSN guidelines.

좀더 좋은 접근방법: 토양 분석을 실시하고, MLSN 가이드 라인을 상회하는 필요한 성분만충분히 적용

www.blog.asianturfgrass.com/fertilizerwww.paceturf.org, www.facebook.com/mlsnturf