563.11.1 zigbee
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563.11.1 ZigBee
Samuel Nelson
University of Illinois
Fall 2007
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What is ZigBee?
A low data rate, low power specification
ZigBee Alliance is
an association of companies working
together to enable reliable, cost-effective, low-power, wirelessly networked, monitoring andcontrol products based on an open global
standard.
2ZigBee Alliance Homepage
http://www.zigbee.org/en/http://www.zigbee.org/en/ -
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ZigBees Place
Data Rate (Mbps)
Range
ZigBee
802.15.415.4c
802.15.3802.15.3cWPAN
WLAN
WMAN
WWAN
WiFi
802.11
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Bluetooth
802.15.1
IEEE 802.22
WiMax
IEEE 802.16
IEEE 802.20
Heile, B. Wireless Sensor and Control Networks (PPT), 2006
http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asphttp://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asp -
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History of ZigBee
No adequate solution for: Smart badges
Home Automation
Interactive toys
IEEE 802.15.4 taskgroup set out to design
a standard with:
Low data rate
Long battery life Very low complexity
In 2003, a standard was
completed
IEEE 802.11.4 Website
http://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.htmlhttp://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html -
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History of ZigBee
October 2002
ZigBee Alliance is formed
December 2004
ZigBee 1.0 is released
Current releases
802.15.4 is 2006
ZigBee specification is 2007
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Protocol Stack and Responsibility
Physical Radio (PHY)
Medium Access (MAC)
Application
NWK
App Support (APS)
SSP
Responsibility
ZDO
Protocol Stack
Craig, W. ZigBee, 2004. Heile, B. Wireless
http://plato.csie.ncku.edu.tw/Network-slides-dir/ZigbeeWireless-Craig.pdfhttp://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asphttp://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asphttp://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asphttp://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asphttp://plato.csie.ncku.edu.tw/Network-slides-dir/ZigbeeWireless-Craig.pdf -
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IEEE 802.15.4 PHY
Heile, B. Wireless Sensor and Control Networks (PPT), 2006
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
Link quality measurements
Used by higher layers
http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asphttp://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asp -
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IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
Two addressing modes 16 bit (~65,000 devices)
64 bit (lots of devices)
CSMA/CA Allows for network beaconing
Wake up periodically, checking for a beacon
Power savings Nodes can sleep between beacons
Nodes that dont have to route or randomlyreceive can sleep until needed
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Network Layer
Devices
ZigBee Coordinator
Network Creator
ZigBee Router Multi-hop Routing
ZigBee End Device
Very low power
Light switch (ZED)
Status: Sleep,
except when flipped
Light source (ZC or ZR)
Status: Always On
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Network Topologies
ZigBee Coordinator
ZigBee Router
ZigBee End Device
Star
Mesh
Cluster Tree
Heile, B. Wireless Sensor and Control Networks (PPT), 2006
http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asphttp://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asp -
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Routing
Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector(AODV)
Used for mesh topologies
Cluster-Tree Algorithm Form clusters of nodes that make a tree
Ergen, S. ZigBee/802.15.4 Summary, 2004
http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~suman/courses/838/papers/zigbee.pdfhttp://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~suman/courses/838/papers/zigbee.pdf -
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ZigBee Applications
TELECOMSERVICES
m-commerce
info services
object interaction
(Internet of Things)
ZigBeeWireless Control that
Simply Works
HOMECONTROL
TV
VCR
DVD/CD
remote
security
HVAC
lighting control
access control
irrigation
PC &PERIPHERALS
INDUSTRIALCONTROL
asset mgt
process
control
environmental
energy mgt
PERSONALHEALTH CARE
securityHVAC
AMR
lighting control
accesscontrol
mouse
keyboard
joystick
patient
monitoring
fitness
monitoring
Heile, B. Wireless Sensor and Control Networks (PPT), 2006
http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asphttp://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asp -
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Example Profiles
Home Automation
Devices used:
Light switch
Lamp Thermostat
Industrial Plant Monitoring
Devices used: Pressure sensors
Cameras
Thermostat
Heile, B. Wireless Sensor and Control Networks (PPT), 2006
http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asphttp://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asp -
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Application Messages
Periodic
Use beaconing system
Ex) Meter systems
Intermittent
Beaconless or disconnected
Ex) Light switch
Repetitive low latency
Time slot allocations
Ex) Security system
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ZigBee Security
ZigBee is touted as highly secure
Relies on centralized infrastructure
Coordinator acts as trust center
Types of keys: Master key
Installed out-of-band
Network key
Shared by all devices No protection against insider attacks
Link key
Derived from master key
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Trust Center
Can be the coordinator or a dedicateddevice on the network
Trust during Join
Authenticate join requests
Network
Updates and distributes network key
End-to-End Configuration
Assists link key setup
ZigBee Alliance, ZigBee Security Specification Overview, 2005
http://www.zigbee.org/en/events/documents/December2005_Open_House_Presentations/ZigBee_Security_Layer_Technical_Overview.pdfhttp://www.zigbee.org/en/events/documents/December2005_Open_House_Presentations/ZigBee_Security_Layer_Technical_Overview.pdf -
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End-to-End Key Establishment
ZigBee Alliance, ZigBee Security Specification Overview, 2005
http://www.zigbee.org/en/events/documents/December2005_Open_House_Presentations/ZigBee_Security_Layer_Technical_Overview.pdfhttp://www.zigbee.org/en/events/documents/December2005_Open_House_Presentations/ZigBee_Security_Layer_Technical_Overview.pdf -
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ZigBee vs. Bluetooth
Larger Range 100m vs. 10m
Lower Data Rate
20 to 250 Kbps vs. 1 Mbps
Lower Energy
Multi-year vs. multi-day battery life
Device numbers
7 slaves per network vs. 65,000 nodes
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Conclusions
ZigBee is beneficial for low data rate, lowpower applications
Control
Automation
Monitoring
Centralized trust center helps to manage
security
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References
ZigBee Alliance home page: http://www.zigbee.org/en/index.asp
ZigBee Alliance tutorial
http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentati
ons.asp
IEEE 802.15.4 task group
http://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html
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