学校编码：10384 分类号 密级

学号：200434016 UDC

硕 士 学 位 论 文

同安湾人工种植红树林对底栖动物生态效应研究

Ecological Effect of Artificially Planted Mangrove on Zoobenthos in Tong’an Bay

周细平

指导教师姓名：蔡立哲 教授

专 业 名 称：环境科学

论文提交日期：2007 年 7 月

论文答辩时间：2007 年 8 月

学位授予日期： 年 月

答辩委员会主席 杨圣云 教授

评 阅 人：

2007 年 8 月

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2007 年 月 日

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厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库

目录

I

目录

目录 .............................................................................................................................. I

Content ......................................................................................................................V

摘 要 .........................................................................................................................1

Abstract ......................................................................................................................3

第一章 前言 ..............................................................................................................5

1.1 红树林生态系统及其生态恢复研究进展.............................................................5

1.1.1 红树林生态系统 ........................................................................................5

1.1.2 红树林生态恢复研究进展 ........................................................................7

1.2 红树林生态系统底栖动物群落生态学研究进展..............................................10

1.2.1 红树林生态系统底栖动物群落研究进展 ..............................................10

1.2.2 海洋和红树林区小型底栖动物生态研究进展 .......................................14

1.2.3 粒径谱应用研究进展 ..............................................................................17

1.3 研究意义及技术路线..........................................................................................20

第二章 同安湾凤林和山后亭红树林种植区概况 ...................................22

2.1 同安湾凤林红树林种植区概况及取样站设置............................................23

2.1.1 同安湾凤林红树林自然地理概况及现状 ........................................23

2.1.2 凤林红树林区取样站的设置 ...........................................................23

2.1.3 凤林红树林种植区底质环境因子的测定 .......................................24

2.1.4 同安湾的水质条件 ...........................................................................25

2.2 山后亭红树林种植区概况及取样站设置...................................................26

2.2.1 山后亭红树林种植区自然地理概况及现状 ...................................26

2.2.2 山后亭红树林种植区取样站的设置 ...............................................27

2.2.3 山后亭红树林种植区底质环境因子的测定 ...................................28

第三章 同安湾红树林种植区大型底栖动物群落研究 ..........................29

3.1 研究方法........................................................................................................29

3.1.1 样品的采集与处理 ...........................................................................29

3.1.2 密度和生物量的测定和统计方法 ...................................................30

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3.2 结果................................................................................................................30

3.2.1 红树林种植区大型底栖动物的种类组成 ........................................30

3.2.2 大型底栖动物密度的时空分布 ........................................................35

3.2.3 大型底栖动物生物量的时空分布 ....................................................37

3.3 讨论...............................................................................................................38

3.3.1 红树林内与光滩大型底栖动物群落比较 ........................................38

3.3.2 凤林与山后亭红树林区大型底栖动物数量比较 ............................41

3.3.3 与凤林原红树林区大型底栖动物比较 ............................................41

3.3.4 与不同海域红树林区大型底栖动物比较 ........................................42

第四章 同安湾红树林种植区大型底栖动物群落生物统计分析 .......45

4.1 统计分析方法................................................................................................45

4.1.1 群落结构分析 ....................................................................................45

4.1.2 群落物种多样性单变量分析 ............................................................45

4.1.3 大型底栖动物污染指数（MPI） ......................................................46

4.1.4 丰度-生物量比较曲线 ......................................................................47

4.2 结果................................................................................................................47

4.2.1 两片红树林区大型底栖动物 3 种生物指数值 ...............................47

4.2.2 两片红树林区部分取样站的丰度生物量曲线 ...............................50

4.2.3 聚类（CLUSTER）和 MDS 标序 .........................................................52

4.3 讨论...............................................................................................................54

4.3.1 林内与林外大型底栖动物群落结构及生物指数值比较 ................54

4.3.2 两片红树种植区大型底栖动物群落结构及生物指数比较 ............55

4.3.3 生物指数、ABC 法评价结果差异的分析 ........................................55

第五章 同安湾红树林种植区树栖底栖动物群落研究 ..........................57

5.1 研究方法.......................................................................................................58

5.2 结果...............................................................................................................59

5.2.1 树上大型底栖动物群落组成 ............................................................59

5.2.2 树上大型底栖动物数量的时空分布 ................................................60

5.3 讨论...............................................................................................................62

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5.3.1 两片红树树上底栖动物数量差异分析 ............................................62

5.3.2 海桑和秋茄树上大型底栖动物数量差异分析 ...............................63

5.3.3 影响红树上大型底栖动物分布因子分析 .......................................63

第六章 同安湾红树林种植区小型底栖动物群落研究 ..........................65

6.1 研究方法........................................................................................................65

6.1.1 样品采集及处理 ...............................................................................65

6.1.2 室内小型底栖动物样品的分选及计数 ...........................................65

6.1.3 小型底栖动物各类群生物量估算方法 ...........................................66

6.2 研究结果.......................................................................................................67

6.2.1 两片红树林种植区小型底栖动物的密度 .......................................67

6.2.2 线虫、桡足类的密度 .......................................................................68

6.2.3 小型底栖动物的生物量 ...................................................................70

6.3 讨论.............................................................................................................71

6.3.1 集美凤林红树林小型底栖动物的组成 ............................................71

6.3.2 自由生活线虫与桡足类的数量关系 ................................................71

6.3.3 林内与林外光滩小型底栖动物密度比较 ........................................73

6.3.4 小型底栖动物生物量估算方法比较 ................................................76

第七章 同安湾红树林种植区底栖动物生物量粒径谱研究...................78

7.1 研究方法.......................................................................................................78

7.1.1 底栖动物生物量计算 .......................................................................78

7.1.2 粒径谱的构建 ...................................................................................79

7.2 结果...............................................................................................................79

7.2.1 两片红树林区底栖动物生物量粒径谱 ...........................................79

7.2.2 底栖动物正态化生物量粒径谱 .......................................................82

7.3 讨论...............................................................................................................85

7.3.1 生物量粒径谱图形及其表达 ...........................................................85

7.3.2 凤林与山后亭底栖动物生物量粒径谱图形 ...................................86

7.3.3 正态化生物粒径谱 ...........................................................................87

第八章 同安湾红树林种植区底栖动物次级生产力研究 .....................89

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8.1 研究方法.......................................................................................................89

8.1.1 大型底栖次级生产力的计算方法 ...................................................89

8.1.2 小型底栖次级生产力的计算方法 ...................................................90

8.2 研究结果.......................................................................................................90

8.2.1 大型底栖动物次级生产力 ...............................................................90

8.2.2 小型底栖动物次级生产力 ...............................................................91

8.2.3 大型和小型底栖动物次级生产力合计 ...........................................93

8.3 讨论................................................................................................................94

8.3.1 凤林和山后亭大型底栖动物群落次级生产力组成 .......................94

8.3.2 两片红树林林内与林外大型底栖动物次级生产力比较 ...............96

8.3.3 凤林与山后亭小型与大型底栖动物次级生产力的对比 ...............97

第九章 论文小结 ..................................................................................................99

9.1 研究成果 ......................................................................................................99

9.2 创新点 ........................................................................................................100

9.3 不足之处 ....................................................................................................101

9.4 展望 ............................................................................................................101

参考文献 .................................................................................................................102

附表 1 凤林与山后亭红树林底栖动物名录 .............................................. 113

附录 2 底栖动物图片 ........................................................................................ 118

附录 3 采集站位图片 ........................................................................................120

发表的文章及参加的课题 ................................................................................121

参加的课题.........................................................................................................121

发表的文章.........................................................................................................121

致谢 ..........................................................................................................................122

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Content

Abstract (in Chinese)…………………………………………………………….1

Abstract (in English) …………………………………………………………….3

Chapter 1 Preface…………………… ………………………………………....6 1.1 Research progress on mangrove ecosystem and its ecological

restoration…………………………………………………………………….5

1.1.1 Mangrove ecosystem……………………………………………………..5

1.1.2 Developing research on mangrove’s ecological restoration………………7

1.2 Research progress on ecology of zoobenthic community in mangrove

ecosystem …………………………………………………………………....10

1.2.1Research progress on macrofaunal community in mangrove

ecosystem ………………………………………………………….….…10

1.2.2 Research progress on meiofaunal community in ocean and mangrove

zone……………………………………………………………………...14

1.2.3 Research progress on biomass size spectra………………………….......17

1.3 Significance and technological route in this study……………………….....20

Chapter 2 General situation of mangrove painted area at Fenglin and

Shanhouting in Tong’an Bay……………………………..........22 2.1 General situation of mangrove painted area and the sampling stations at

Fenglin in Tong’an Bay………………………………………………….…...23

2.1.1Physical geography situation and present status of mangrove area at

Fenglin in Tong’an Bay………………………………………………..…23

2.1.2 Sampling stations of Fenglin mangrove area in Tong’an Bay……….…..23

2.1.3 Mensuration of environment factors in Fenglin mangrove planted area …24

2.1.4Water quality in Tong’an Bay……………………………………….……25

2.2 General situation of mangrove painted area at Shanhouting and the setting

of sampling stations ………………………………………………………….26

2.2.1 Physical geography situation and present status of mangrove area at

Shanhouting……………………………………………………………..26

2.2.2 Sampling stations of Shanhouting mangrove area………………………27

2.2.3 Mensuration of environment factors in Shanhouting mangrove planted

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area …………………………………………………………………......28 Chapter 3 Macrofaunal community at mangrove planted area in

Tong’an Bay…………………………………………………….29 3.1 Materials and methods………………………………………………….…...29

3.1.1 Sampling and dealing.... ………………………………………………..29

3.1.2 Measurement and statistic method of density and biomass. …………...30

3.2 Results... ……………………………………………………………………..30

3.2.1 Species composition of macrofauna in mangrove planted area...............30

3.2.2 Spacial- temporal distrubition of macrofauna density..............................35

3.2.3 Spacial- temporal distrubition of macrofauna biomass............................37

3.3 Discuss... ……………………………………………………………………..38

3.3.1 Comparison of macrofauna community between inside mangrove and

outside mangrove ... …………………………………………………...38

3.3.2 Comparison of macrofauna quantity between Fenglin and Shanhouting

mangrove planted area ... ……………………………………………..41

3.3.3 Comparison of macrofauna between recent data and historical dada in

Fenglin ... ………………………………………………………………41

3.3.4 Comparison of macrofauna among different mangrove areas…….. ……42

Chapter 4 Statistical analysis on macrofaunal community at

mangrove planted area in Tong’an Bay …………………...45 4.1 Method of Statistical analysis………………………………………………..45

4.1.1 Analysis of macrofaunal community structure..………………………....45

4.1.2 Univariate variable analysis of species diversity......................……….....45

4.1.3 Macrofaunal Pollution Index (MPI) ...................………..........................46

4.1.4 The curve of Abundance biomass comparison .............................…........47

4.2 Results........................................…....................................................................47

4.2.1 The values of three kind of biotic indice in two mangrove plated areas.........47

4.2.2 ABC curve of macrofauna in two mangrove planted area........ ................50

4.2.3 Cluster and MDS ordination analysis........................................................52

4.3 Discussions............................…........................................................................54

4.3.1 Comparison of macrofauna community structure and biotic indice

between inside mangrove and outside mangrove.....................................54

4.3.2 Comparison of macrofaunal community structure and biological indice in

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two planted mangrove areas.....................................................................55

4.3.3 Analysis the different results by MPI index and ABC curve

appraisement….........................................................................................55

Chapter 5 Research on tree macrofaunal community in Tong’an Bay

at planted mangrove area... ........................................................57 5.1 Materials and methods.....................................................................................58

5.2 Results ...............................................................................................................59

5.2.1 Species composition of macrofauna on mangrove tree ............................59

5.2.2 Spacial temporal distrubition of macrofaunal density and biomass......... 60

5.3 Discusses............................................................................................................62

5.3.1 Analysis the different quantities of macrofauna in two mangrove areas...62

5.3.2 Analysis the different quantities of macrofauna between in Sonneratia

hainanensis and Kandelia obovata……………………………………….63

5.3.3 Analysis the factors influenced the distribution of macrofauna on tree…63

Chapter 6 Meiofaunal community at mangrove planted area in

Tong’an Bay………………………………………………………65 6.1 Materials and methods…………………………………………………….…65

6.1.1 Sampling and dealing................................................................................65

6.1.2 Separation and counting meiofaunal samples at laboratory……………..65

6.1.3 Method of estimating biomass of each group meiofauna..........................66

6.2 Results................................................................................................................67

6.2.1 Density of meiofauna in two mangrove planted areas...............................67

6.2.2 Density of Nematoda and Copepod...........................................................68

6.2.3 Biomass estimation of meifauna................................................................69

6.3 Discussion and analysis.....................................................................................71

6.3.1 Species composition of meiofauna at Fenglin mangrove area……...……71

6.3.2 Correlationship between density alteration of Nematoda and Copepod....71

6.3.3 Comparing meiofaunal density between inside mangrove and outside

mangrove.................................................................................................73

6.3.4 Comparing method of estimating meiofaunal biomass ………….….…..76

Chapter 7 Constructing biomass size spectra of benthos at mangrove

planted area in Tong’an Bay...................................................78 7.1 Methods.............................................................................................................78

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7.1.1 Calculation of biomass...............................................................................78

7.1.2 Construction of biomass size spectra.........................................................79

7.2 Results................................................................................................................79

7.2.1 Biomass size spectra of benthos in two mangrove areas...........................79

7.2.2 Normalized biomass size spectra of benthos.............................................82

7.3 Discussions........................................................................................................85

7.3.1 Shape and expression of biomass size spectra…………………………..85

7.3.2 Shape of biomass size spectra in two mangrove area...............................86

7.3.3 Normalized biomass size spectra..............................................................87

Chapter 8 Secondary production of zoobenthos at mangrove planted

area in Tong’an Bay................. .......................................... ....89

8.1 Methods.............................................................................................................89

8.1.1 Calculation of macrofauna secondary production……………………….89

8.1.2 Calculation of meiofauna secondary production………………………....90

8.2 Results…………………………………………………………………………90

8.2.1 The secondary production of macrofauna………………………………..90

8.2.2 The secondary production of meiofauna………………………………....91

8.2.3 The total secondary production of benthos…………………………….…93

8.3 Discussions……………………………………………………………………..94

8.3.1 The secondary production composition in Fenglin and Shanhouting

mangrove areas…………………………………………………………..94

8.3.2 Comparing secondary production of macrofauna between inside mangrove

and outside mangrove in two mangrove areas……...…………………....96

8.3.3 Comparing secondary production between meiofauna and macrofauna in

Fenglin and Shanhouting mangrove areas…………………………… .97

Chapter 9 Summary…………………………………………………………....99 9.1 Study results …………………………………………………………….…...99

9.2 Innovation……………………………………………………………………100

9.3 Insufficiency………………………………………………………………….101

9.4 Prospection …………………………………………………………………..101

Reference………………………………………………………………………….102

Appendix…………………………………………………………………………..113

Acknowledgment………………………………………………………………...122

厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库

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摘 要

底栖动物是红树林生态系统的重要组成部分，也是红树林生态系统物质循

环、能量流动中积极的消费者和转移者，同时还可以作为红树林区沉积环境质量

评价的指示生物。近几年来,红树林生态恢复和种植的研究倍受重视，研究红树

林湿地林内与林外、不同人工种植的红树植物之间大型底栖动物群落的差异，探

讨红树植物不同发育时间对底栖动物群落的影响,可以为红树林生态系统的恢

复、保护、开发和管理提供底栖动物生态学依据。

本文选取同安湾凤林和山后亭人工种植红树林区为研究地点，将许多新理念

和新技术首次引入人工种植红树林对底栖动物生态效应的评价上，如 MPI 指数、

生物粒径谱和次级生产力的运用；从小型和大型底栖动物的种数、平均密度、平

均生物量、生物指数、多变量分析、粒径谱和次级生产力等方面系统地研究了人

工种植红树林区底栖动物的生态过程。主要研究结果如下：

1．在集美凤林红树林种植区 4个季度采集获得大型底栖动物 65 种，种数、

平均密度和平均生物量分别以多毛类、寡毛类和腹足类所占比例 高；在翔安山

后亭红树林种植区 4 个季度采集获得大型底栖动物 68 种，种数、平均密度和平

均生物量分别以多毛类、甲壳类和甲壳类所占比例 高。两片种植红树林区大型

底栖动物平均密度和生物量的季节变化不一致，与底栖动物群落组成有关。

2．凤林和山后亭红树林区大型底栖动物年平均密度分别为 5575.1 ind•m-2

和 1625.6 ind•m-2；年平均生物量分别为 85.60 g•m-2 和 50.59 g•m-2；平均次级

生产力分别为 17.3 gAFDW•m-2•yr 和 9.2 gAFDW•m-2•yr。可见，凤林红树林区

大型底栖动物年平均密度、年平均生物量和平均次级生产力均高于山后亭。

3．CLUSTER 聚类和 MDS 标序分析反映了不仅同片红树林区林内与林外大型

底栖动物群落组成存在差异，两片红树林种植区大型底栖动物群落组成也存在差

异，还有存在着季节差异。

4．在凤林和山后亭红树林上共采到大型底栖动物8种，凤林红树上底栖动物优

势种为黑口滨螺（Littoraia melanostoma）和中间拟滨螺（Littorinopsis intermedia），

山后亭红树上底栖动物优势种为僧帽牡蛎（Saccostrea cucullata）和白条小藤壶

（Chthonerpeton braestrupi）。种植的红树不仅为树栖动物，也为部分底表动物提

厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库

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2

供了遮阳的栖息场所，这是正的生态效应；但红树林也造成沉积物富含有机质、

硫化氢，缺乏氧气等，导致底栖动物机会种的大量繁殖，产生负生态效应。

5．凤林红树林种植区小型底栖动物的平均密度为 1548±512 ind•10cm-2，

平均生物量为 1699.66 μg（dwt）•10cm-2；山后亭红树林种植区小型底栖动物的

平均密度为 892±19 ind•10cm-2，平均生物量为 299.56 μg（dwt）•10cm-2。与大

型底栖动物结果一样，山后亭小型底栖动物的平均密度和生物量均低于凤林，这

与凤林红树林区受集美污水处理厂排放废水以及种植红树时间较长有关。

6．凤林红树林内大型底栖动物平均密度、污染指数 MPI 和小型底栖动物平

均密度、生物量和次级生产力均高于林外光滩的；而大型底栖动物平均生物量、

次级生产力、丰度指数 d和种类多样性指数 H'值林内均低于林外光滩，t检验表

明存在显著差异；山后亭红树林底栖动物的分布与凤林红树林的有所不同，仅

MPI 值林内高于林外，但其他值均是林内低于林外，t检验表明不存在显著差异。

影响红树林内与林外光滩的大型底栖动物数量的因素主要有两个，主要是受红树

林内不利环境因子的胁迫，其次是受潮层差异的影响。

7．无论是凤林还是山后亭红树林区，林外的底栖动物生物量粒级均多于林

内，表明林外个体生物量大的底栖动物的存在。此外，凤林的 FL1 和 FL2 取样站

的底栖动物生物量粒径谱谱形显示 4～6 粒级有一个较深的波谷，此粒级范围是

小型和大型底栖动物的分界，只有少数大型底栖动物幼龄个体存在；而 FL3 取样

站的底栖动物生物量粒径谱谱形显示 4～6 粒级仅是一个浅的波谷，表明在 FL3

取样站大型底栖动物幼龄个体较多。

关键词：人工种植红树林；底栖动物；生态效应；同安湾

厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库

Abstract

3

Abstract

Zoobenthos is an important component of mangrove ecosystem as well as the

positive consumer and metastasis group of material cycling and energy flowing. It is also

a bio-indicator to appraise the sediment quality in mangrove area. In recent years, the

research on mangrove ecological restoration and artificial planting has become more and

more important. To provide zoobenthic ecological basis for the mangrove ecological

restoration, protection, exploitation and management, we are need to recognize the

difference of macrofauna community between inner-mangrove and outer-mangrove, as

well as the effect of different developing mangroves on macrofauna community.

We used Fenglin and Shanhouting artificially planted mangrove areas in Tong’an

Bay as the research areas and applied some new concepts and new technology in

appraising the ecological effect of artificially planted mangrove on zoobenthos, such as the

application of the Macrofaunal Pollution Index (MPI), the biomass size spectra and the

secondary production. Systemic research was carried out on the zoobenthic ecological

process in artificially planted mangrove based on the meiofauna and macrofauna’s

species, average density, average biomass, biological indexes, multivariate analysis,

biomass size spectra and secondary production. The main results are as follows:

1. Sixty-five species of macrofauna were identified in the four seasons in Fenglin

artificially planted mangrove area. Polychaete, oligochaetes and gastropod accounted

for the highest pecentage in species, average density and average biomass respectively.

While in Shanhouting artificially planted mangrove area, sixty-eight species of

macrofauna were identified. And the polychaete, crustacea and crustacea accounted

for high pecentage in species, average density and average biomass respectively. The

seasonal changes of macrofaunal average density and average biomass were different

in two mangrove areas because of the different community composition.

2. The annual average density of macrofauna in Fenglin and Shanhouting

mangrove areas were 5575.1 ind•m-2 and 1625.6 ind•m-2 respectively; the annual

average biomass were 85.60 g•m-2 and 50.59 g•m-2; and the annual average secondary

production were 17.3 gAFDW•m-2•yr and 9.2 gAFDW•m-2•yr. It was obvious that the

annual average density，average biomass and average secondary production of

macrofauna in Fenglin were all higher than those in Shanhouting mangrove area.

3. The Bray-Curtis Cluster and MDS analysis showed not only the difference of

厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库

Abstract

4

macrofauna community between the inner-mangrove and the outer-mangrove areas,

but also Fenglin and Shanhouting mangrove areas differed. So did the difference

among seasons.

4. Eight species of macrofauna on trees were identified in Fenglin and

Shanhouting mangrove area. The dominant species on trees in Fenglin were Littoraia

melanostoma and Littorinopsis intermedia, while in Shanhouting mangrove area were

Saccostrea cucullata and Chthonerpeton braestrupi.

5. In Fenglin mangrove area, the annual average density of meiofauna was

1548±512 ind•10cm-2 and the biomass was 1699.66 μg（dwt）•10cm-2; in Shanhouting

mangrove area, the annual average density of meiofauna was 892±19 ind•10cm-2 and the

biomass was 299.56 μg（dwt）•10cm-2. The average density and biomass of meiofauna in

Shanhouting mangrove area were both lower than in Fenglin mangrove area.

6. The average density of macrofauna, Macrofaunal Pollution Index (MPI),and

the average density, biomass, secondary production of meiofauna inside mangrove in

Fenglin were all higer than outside mangrove,whereas the average biomass, secondary

production of macrofauna, Magalef’s index(d), Shannon-Wiener diversity index（H'）

in Fenglin inside mangrove were lower than outside mangrove. The Independent-

Samples T Test showed significant difference. The pattern of zoobenthic distribution

in Shanhouting mangrove area was a little different, only the MPI index inside

mangrove was higer than outside mangrove. But the Independent-Samples T Test

showed no significant difference. There were two main factors which influenced the

quantity of macrofauna between the inner-mangrove and the outer-mangrove: firstly

the intimidation from the negative environmental factors in mangrove area; secondly

the effect of the different tidal layers.

7. Both in Fenglin and Shanhouting mangrove planted area，the sizes of biomass spectra

inner-mangrove were more than outer-mangrove, which showed that there were some bigger

macrofauna at the outer-mangrove. Besides, there was a deep trough of 4-6 size class in

FL1 and FL2 sampling stations according to the shape of biomass size spectra where

is a boundary between meiofauna and macrofauna and only few macrofaunal larva

live, while trough of wave at 4-6 size class in FL3 sampling station was flat which

showed that the more macrofaunal larva live in FL3 sampling station.

Key words: Artificially planted mangrove; Zoobentheos; ecological effect; Tong’an Bay

厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库

第一章 前言

5

第一章 前言

红树林是生长在热带、亚热带沿海潮间带滩涂上特有的木本植物群落。红树

林生态系是潮间带 5种生态类型之一，也是地球上生产力 高的生态系之一。底

栖动物是红树林生态系统中的重要组成部分,也是该生态系能量流动、物质循环

中积极的消费者和转移者[宋晓军和林鹏，2002]。研究红树林区潮间带底栖动物

种类组成、数量分布等生态特点,可以了解这些动物与红树林的关系，以便为红

树林区滩涂生态系的保护、开发、利用及其周边地区养殖容量的估算，提供相应

的科学依据[黄勃和张本，2002]。二十几年来，红树林生态系大型底栖动物方

面的研究已经有不少报道，主要是对红树林区底栖动物的种类组成、时空分布、

底栖动物与生态环境因子关系等方面的报道[高世和等，1985；周时强等，1986；

何明海等，1991，1993；蔡立哲等，1998a；蔡立哲等，1998b；邹发生等，1999]。

近几年，随着人们环境意识的提高，人工种植红树林如雨后春笋，不断涌现。探

讨红树林种植区底栖动物群落演变动态，旨在为红树林生态系统的生态修复提供

理论依据。

1.1 红树林生态系统及其生态恢复研究进展

1.1.1 红树林生态系统

红树林是陆地过渡到海洋的特殊森林，具有陆地生态系统及海洋生态系统的

结构功能，同时它显示出了强大的湿地生态系统的功能。由于红树林同时具有地

球上三大生态系统的功能，因此吸引着许多科学工作者对它的关注，对红树林生

态系统的研究长期成为一大热点。

红树林群落的树种，大多数属于红树科。红树科红树植物的木材通常因为富

含单宁而呈红色，具有不同于陆地林木的特点。红树林生境具有强还原性、强酸

性、高含盐量、营养丰富、高生产力等特征。生活在海潮之中的红树具有良好的

拒盐、泌盐功能，能够从海水中吸收营养物质，又能通过自身进行盐分代谢，把

多余的盐分排出体外；红树植物的种子在树上果实中萌芽成小苗后，再脱离母株，

下坠插入淤泥中发育成为新株，是一种“胎生”或有胎萌习性植物[林 鹏，2000]；

厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库

Degree papers are in the “Xiamen University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Database”. Fulltexts are available in the following ways: 1. If your library is a CALIS member libraries, please log on http://etd.calis.edu.cn/ and submitrequests online, or consult the interlibrary loan department in your library. 2. For users of non-CALIS member libraries, please mail to etd@xmu.edu.cn for delivery details.

厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库