Chapter 23 Notes- Southwest Asia

Today’s Issues

Section 1: Population Relocation

• Guest Workers- usually unskilled laborers that immigrate into a country to work.– Needed for oil related jobs– Problems?

Section 1: Population Relocation

• Stateless Nation- a nation of people w/out a land to legally occupy. – Kurds are the largest group of people w/out

their own country. – Gypsy’s & Palestinians? – Occupied Land?

Section 1: Population Relocation

• Palestinians- displaced peoples from the land of Palestine (now called Israel)– Stateless nation– Main source of conflict in region!

West Bank

Gaza Strip

Section 2: Oil Wealth Fuels Change

• Oil found in Saudi Arabia in 1936• Strategic Commodity- resource so important that

nations will go to war to ensure its steady supply.• Oil is more important today

than ever before• Oil business makes up most of

GDP in nations on Arabian Peninsula– 64% of oil is in Middle East

OPEC

• OPEC- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries- – Members set worldwide oil prices & production

quotas– Members include Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,

Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.

Which countries have the largest reserves of crude oil?Country

Crude oil reserves(million barrels)

Saudi Arabia 262,697Iraq 112,500Iran 99,080

United Arab Emirates 97,800

Kuwait 96,500

Where Does U.S. get it’s Oil?

• Top 10 Countries U.S. where U.S. gets it’s oil:

1. Canada2. Mexico3. Saudi Arabia4. Venezuela5. Nigeria6. Angola7. Iraq8. Algeria9. United Kingdom10. Brazil

Modern Arabic Life• Dramatic changes in

20th c.• Western technology

is changing traditional life.

• Ex: camels to cars or bazaars to malls.

Change to Urban Life

• Dubai, U.A.E.

• Riyadh, S.A.

• 1960: 25% Urbanized• 1990s: 58%• 2015: 70% • 83% of people in Saudi

Arabia live in cities• 4 million in Riyadh• Jobs & education

changed• More foreign workers

Section 2: Oil Wealth Fuels Change

• What to do with oil profits?– 1. Modernize Infrastructure-

• New roads & airports• Irrigation Networks• Desalinization Plants

Section 2: Oil Wealth Fuels Change

• 2.- Develop its agricultural, mineral, & water resources– Tap underground water supplies– Reduce dependence on foreign

food imports

Section 2: Oil Wealth Fuels Change

• 3.- Gain access to higher education– Develop human

resources- the skills & talents of their people

– Women’s Opportunities in education?

September 11th Attacks• The September 11

attacks were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks launched by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda upon the United States in New York City and the Washington, D.C. area on September 11, 2001.

•

September 11th Attacks• Four passenger airliners were hijacked by 19 al-Qaeda

terrorists so they could be flown into buildings in suicide attacks.

• Two of those were crashed into the World Trade Center complex in New York City. Within two hours, both towers collapsed.

• A third plane was crashed into the Pentagon leading to a partial collapse in its western side.

• The fourth plane was targeted at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., but crashed into a field in Pennsylvania, after its passengers tried to overcome the hijackers.

War on Terror

• In response to the attacks of 11 September, an international military campaign to eliminate al-Qaeda and other militant organizations.

Operation Enduring Freedom• Operation Enduring

Freedom sent U.S. military personnel to Afghanistan starting in October, 2001.

• The operation has been successful by removing leaders of the Taliban and seriously crippling al-Qaeda, but the struggle continues on today.

Operation Iraqi Freedom• Accused of supporting al-

Qaeda and harboring weapons of mass destruction, the United States invaded Iraq in 2003 the remove Saddam Hussein from power.

• This military action was better known as Operation Iraqi Freedom.

Saddam Hussein• The Iraqi government and

military collapsed within three weeks of the beginning of the U.S.-led 2003 invasion of Iraq.

• Saddam went into hiding in March of 2003 but was captured later that year in December.

• Saddam was held for trial and found guilty of war crimes.

• He was executed in 2006.

May 2nd, 2011• Perhaps the greatest victory of

the War on Terror came when the CIA located Osama Bin Laden, the leader of al-Qaeda and mastermind behind the September 11th attacks.

• U.S. Navy SEALS forces were sent into his hideout, a battle ensued and Bin Laden was killed.