Ch 7 sections 4-5p._____

Classification

– The process of grouping things based on their similarities• Biologists use classification to

organize living things into groups so that the organisms are easier to study.

Taxonomy-Taxonomy-

The science of identifying, classifying, and naming things.

Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)

Swedish Botanist that selected physical characteristic that led to classification based on relationships of organisms.

Also invented the 2 word naming system - Binomial Nomenclature.

Usually written in Latin

Scientific name-

– An organism’s genus species in Latin or Greek. The genus is written with a capital letter and the species is with a lower case letter.Ex: Homo sapien (human)

Felis domestica (cat) Genus species

• Domain• Kingdom• Phylum• Class• Order• Family• Genus• Species

Didn’t King Phillip Come Over For Good Spaghett

i

Levels of ClassificationMnemonic device

As you move down the levels of

classification, the # of organisms

decreases. The organisms at lower levels share more

characteristics with each other

Do robins have more in common with lions or with

owls?

Explain

Domains and Kingdoms

– Organisms are placed into domains and kingdoms based on their cell type, their ability to make food, and the number of cells they have.

– The 3 domains are:

Protists Fungi Plants Animals

Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

Branching Tree Diagrams• Scientists draw branching tree

diagrams to show the probable evolutionary relationships among organisms.

Branching Tree Diagrams• A branching diagram shows evolutionary

relationships by grouping them based on shared derived characteristic.

• A shared derived characteristic is usually a homologous structure, such as a backbone, that is shared by all organisms in a group.

• Characteristics that appear lower on a branching tree probably developed before characteristics higher on the tree

Branching Tree Diagrams• A label indicates a

shared derived characteristic

• All the organisms ABOVE the label have the trait

ReptilesAmphibians

Egg with shellFishes

Four limbs

Backbone

Invertebrates

Ancestor of animals

Branching Tree Diagrams• Examples:

– All organisms shown except for the invertebrates have a backbone.

– Which characteristic developed first, a backbone or limbs?

– Come up with another example:

ReptilesAmphibians

Egg with shell

Fishes

Four limbs

Backbone

Invertebrates

Ancestor of animals

Constructing a Branching Tree

1. At the base of tree, write “common ancestor”

2. Just above the common ancestor, put the group of organisms with none of the characteristics

3. On the next higher fork, put the group with one of the shared derived characteristics

4. On the branch above that, put the organism with the two characteristics

5. Continue this until you get to the organism with the greatest number of shared derived characteristics

Constructing a Branching Tree

LET’S PRACTICE!• Turn to p.256 in your science textbook and look at

the data table called Characteristics of Plants.• Complete the Analyzing Data activity on pg 113 in

your SN - answer questions 1-4.• 1. Interpreting Data• 2. Interpreting Data• 3. Drawing conclusions• 4. Inferring