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HKDSE Chemistry – A Modern ViewPart XIII Industrial Chemistry

©Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2011 83

Structured Questions

Chemistry: Chapter 52 Importance of industrial processes

Section 52.1

1.

Development of synthetic products can increase our living standards through the following ways: food,

medicine and clothing. For each of the mentioned ways, give ONE example of the consumer product and

explain how it can increase our living standards.

2. Chemical industry is an essential component of today’s society. Many of our daily products are

manufactured by industrial processes taking place in chemical plants.

(a) Give a schematic diagram to illustrate a chemical process that takes place in a chemical reactor.

(b) Classify the following substances into raw materials, bulk chemicals and synthetic products.

iron ore, chlorine, water, pesticide, ethanol, plastic

(c) Suggest a substance that can be used to make wrapping film for food.

3 (a) Classify the following substances into raw materials, bulk chemicals and synthetic products.

natural gas bauxite soap petroleum

nitrogen superglue nitric acid benzene

fertilizer sea water margarine Propene

(b) Briefly describe how the following products can help improve our living standards.

(i) Paracetamol (in medical care)

(ii) BHA/BHT (in food)

(iii) Polyvinyl chloride water pipes (in housing)

[12M]

4

Plastics are important synthetic products that can be manufactured from petroleum.

(a) (i) Suggest ONE plastic that can be used to make illuminated signs. Write down the formula of this

plastic.

(ii) Suggest ONE plastic that can be used to make ‘see-through’ containers. Write down the formula of

this plastic.

(b) Suggest THREE advantages of using plastic over metal to make a water bucket.

[7M]

Section 52.2

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5

Give ONE advantage and ONE disadvantage of using petrochemical industry for manufacturing products

from the viewpoints of the following aspects:

(a) the use of natural resources

(b) the price of products

[8M]

6

(a) The flowchart below shows the industrial preparation of polyethene from a compound X .

(i) Suggest what compound X is.

(ii) State the reagent and condition used for dehydration of compound X .

(b) What is Process Y ?(c) Suggest THREE common uses of polyethene.

[7M]

7

(a) State THREE advantages of using petrochemical industry for manufacturing products.

(b) The operation of petrochemical plants usually emits gaseous pollutants to the atmosphere. Give TWO

examples of these gaseous pollutants and suggest what can be done to help reduce the emission of these

pollutants from petrochemical plants.

[7M]

Dehydration

Process Y

Compound X

Ethene

Polyethene

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8

Detergents save our time for domestic cleaning. They also provide us with a clean and hygienic place to live

in. Examples of detergents include shampoo, soap, dish-washing liquid, etc.

(a) What is the meaning of ‘detergent’?

(b) There are two types of detergents. One of them is made from petrochemicals.

(i) What is meant by ‘petrochemicals’?

(ii) State the type of detergents which is made from petrochemicals. Give ONE example of the

surfactant found in this type of detergents.

(iii) State TWO bulk chemicals that are used in the manufacture of this type of detergents.

(c) Give ONE advantage and ONE disadvantage of using petrochemical industry for manufacturing

detergents.

9

Vitamin C can be manufactured by two main processes, namely A and B. The overall production cost of

process B is only two-third when compared to process A.

(a) Suggest what process A and process B are.

(b) (i) State the starting material that can be used to produce vitamin C by either process A or B.

(ii) Suggest ONE example of plant from which the starting material you stated in (b)(i) are usually

extracted for vitamin C production.

(iii) Write down the chemical structure of the starting material you stated in (b)(i).

(iv) The figure below shows the structure of sorbitol.

State the change of functional group(s) when the starting material you stated in (b)(i) is changed to

sorbitol.(v) What is the reaction involved when the starting material is changed to sorbitol. Explain your

answer.

(c) In process A, sorbitol is oxidized to sorbose, which is then converted to an intermediate compound

called DAKS. State the reagents used for the conversion of sorbose to DAKS.

[11M]

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(a) (i) What is the main component of natural gas?

(ii) Decomposition of the main component of natural gas produces ethene and hydrogen. Write an

equation for the formation of ethene from natural gas.

(b) (i) Is ethene a petrochemical? Explain your answer.

(ii) Propene and benzene are examples of petrochemicals. Suggest TWO consumer products that are

made from each of these petrochemicals.

(c) Suggest ONE advantage and ONE disadvantage of using petrochemical industry for manufacturing

products from environmental point of view.

[9M]

11

Aspirin is an important drug that has been used for over 100 years.

(a) Write the chemical structure of aspirin.

(b) State all the functional groups that are present in aspirin.

(c) (i) Suggest TWO petrochemicals that are used to manufacture aspirin.

(ii) Suggest ONE by-product formed by using the petrochemicals you suggested in (c)(i).

(d) Suggest THREE functions of aspirin.

[10M]

12

(a) Nowadays, vitamin C is manufactured by two main processes. Give the names of these two processes.

(b) Compare and contrast the above two processes.

[8M]

13

Vitamin C is an important nutrient for keeping us healthy. It can be found in some fruits and vegetables.

(a) What is the chemical name of vitamin C?

(b) State all functional groups that are present in vitamin C.

(c) State the disease that is caused by the deficiency of vitamin C.

(d) Give FOUR examples of fruits and vegetables that contain vitamin C.(e) Vitamin C in fact can be made industrially by two main processes. One of them is Reichstein process.

(i) Give the name of another industrial process that can be used to produce vitamin C.

(ii) If Reichstein process is used to produce vitamin C. Suggest ONE raw material and ONE bulk

chemical that are used in the production process.

[12M]

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(a) The figure below is the chemical structure of vitamin C:

(i) What is the chemical name of vitamin C?

(ii) State all the functional groups that are present in vitamin C.

(iii) Is vitamin C soluble in water? Explain briefly.

(b) Industrially, vitamin C can be produced by two-stage fermentation process. Outline clearly the steps

involved in this process.

(c) (i) If a person does not have enough vitamin C in his/her body, what disease would he/she suffer

from?

(ii) What are the symptoms of the disease you stated in (c)(i)?

(iii) How can we prevent the disease you stated in (c)(i)?

[15M]

15

Vitamin C is found in citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons and grapefruits. It can also be found in some

vegetables.

(a) As vitamin C can be found in some plants, why do people still produce vitamin C industrially?

(b) Nowadays, Reichstein process and two-stage fermentation process are the two main industrial

processes for the production of vitamin C. State TWO differences between these two processes.

(c) The figure below is the chemical structure of vitamin C:

(i) What is the molecular formula of vitamin C?

(ii) When a drop of vitamin C solution is put onto a piece of blue litmus paper, will there be any

change to the paper? What does it show?

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(iii) What would be the colour change of the acidified potassium permanganate solution when vitamin

C solution is added to it? Explain your answer.

[9M]

16

Vitamin C is also called ascorbic acid. It is an essential nutrient for keeping us healthy.

(a) (i) Write the chemical structure of vitamin C.

(ii) Vitamin C is a chiral compound. Mark all chiral carbon atom(s) in vitamin C by an asterisk on

your answer in (a)(i).

(b) (i) Nowadays, vitamin C is manufactured by two main industrial processes. Write down the names of

these processes.

(ii) State the technique used to collect and purify the raw vitamin C produced.

(c) (i) State the disease that is caused by the deficiency of vitamin C.

(ii) Suggest THREE symptoms of the disease you mentioned in (c)(i).

[9M]

17

Vitamin C can be found in citrus fruits and some vegetables. However, it can also be produced industrially.

(a) Give THREE advantages of synthesizing vitamin C rather than obtaining it from citrus fruits and some

vegetables.

(b) Nowadays, vitamin C is manufactured by two main processes. Both processes involve the use of

fermentation.

(i) What is the meaning of ‘fermentation’?

(ii) Name the bacteria that is used for the conversion of sorbitol to sorbose.

[6M]

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