chapter 21 通貨膨脹

22
Chapter 21 通通通通

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Chapter 21 通貨膨脹. 21.1 導讀. 當今天的一塊錢所能買到的東西比以前減少,也就是整體物價水準上升的現象,即通貨膨脹 (inflation) 。 通貨膨脹與「物價上漲」不同 。. 21.2 各種物價指數的介紹. 通貨膨脹是指一般物價水準持續上揚的現象。在判斷一國是否出現通貨膨脹的問題時,經濟學家觀察的是整體的、或平均的物價,而非個別商品售價的波動 ,主要的物價指數有: 消費者物價指數 (CPI) 躉售物價指數 (WPI) 國民生產毛額物價平減指數 (GDP deflator) 個人消費支出價格 (PCE price). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TRANSCRIPT

  • Chapter 21

  • 21.1 (inflation)

  • 21.2 (CPI) (WPI) (GDP deflator) (PCE price)

  • 21.2.1 (consumer price indexCPI) (cost of living)(1)(2)(3)CPI

  • 21.2.1 CPI521() CPI = [(5)+(2)+ (1)] [(5)+(2)+(1)]

  • 21.2.1 CPI400()()

  • 21.2.2 (wholesale price indexWPI)CPI (Producer Price IndexPPI)

  • 21.2.3 (GDP deflator) GDPGDP100

    GDP =

    GDP

  • 21.2.4 Fed 2000CPI (personal consumption expenditure price, PCE)PCECPIPCECPI

  • 21.2.5 CPIGDP DeflatorGDP1.GDPCPI2.GDPCPI 3.CPIGDP

  • 21.3 1.2.

  • 21.4 (demand pull) (cost push)

  • 21.4.1

  • 21.4.2 -- (supply shock)

  • 21.4.3 (imported inflation)()

  • 21.4.4 1.2.3. (self-fulfillment of expectation)

  • 21.5 1.(shoe-leather cost) 2. (menu costs) 3.()

  • 21.5 4. (distortion)5.6.()

  • 0%

  • 21.6 (hyperinflation)Cagan50%

  • 21.7 (deflation) (deflationary spiral)

  • 21.7 (deflation) (lenders) (borrowers) ()() (liquidity trap) ()

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