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Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 ). Chapter 4 Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 ). Basic Logic Algebra ( 逻辑代数基础 ) Combinational-Circuit Analysis ( 组合电路分析 ) Combinational-Circuit Synthesis ( 组合电路综合 ). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

1

Chapter 4 Combinational Logic

Design Principles(组合逻辑设计原理 )

Basic Logic Algebra

(逻辑代数基础 ) Combinational-Circuit Analysis

(组合电路分析 ) Combinational-Circuit Synthesis

(组合电路综合 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

Page 2: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

2

第四章 组合逻辑设计原理开关代数

公理、定理、逻辑函数的表示组合电路分析

得到指定电路的功能(公式法化简)组合电路综合

根据命题,得到电路实现(卡诺图化简)定时冒险

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

Page 3: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

3

思考:五变量如何利用卡诺图化简?

DE

BC00 01 11 10

00

01

11

10

A = 0

DE

BC00 01 11 10

00

01

11

10

A = 1

0 4 12

1 5 13 9

3 7 15

2 6 14 10

8

11

16

17

19

18

20

21

23

22

28

29

31

30

24

25

27

26

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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4

F = A,B,C,D,E(0,1,2,3,4,5,10,11,14,20,21,24,25,26,27,28,29,30)

DE

BC00 01 11 10

00

01

11

10

A = 0

DE

BC00 01 11 10

00

01

11

10

A = 1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

F = + + + + A’·B’·D’ A’·C’·D A·C·D’ A·B·C’ B·D·E’

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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5

Chapter 6 Combinational Logic Design Practices

(组合逻辑设计实践 )

Documentation Standard and Circuit Timing

(文档标准和电路定时 )

Commonly Used MSI Combinational Logic

Device (常用的中规模组合逻辑器件 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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6

第 6 章教学大纲要求 重点学习掌握:学习利用基本的逻辑门完成规定的组合逻辑电路的设计任务:如译码器、编码器、多路选择器、多路分配器、异或门、比较器、全加器。学习利用基本的逻辑门和已有的中规模集成电路( MSI)逻辑器件如译码器、编码器、多路选择器、多路分配器、异或门、比较器、全加器、三态器件等作为设计的基本元素完成更为复杂的组合逻辑电路设计的方法。

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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7

6.1 Documentation Standard(文档标准 )

Structure Thinking (结构化的理念 )

Specification: Description of Interface and

Function

(说明书:接口及功能描述 )

Block Diagram: System’s Major Function

Module and their Basic Interconnections

( 方框图 :主要功能模块及其互联 Figure 6-1)

Schematic Diagram [ 原理图 ( Figure 6-17) ]

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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8

6.1.1 Documentation Standard(文档标准 )

Timing Diagram

[ 定时图 ( Figure 6-19) ]

Structure Logic Device Description

(结构化逻辑器件描述 )

Circuit Description : Explains how the

circuit works internally.

(电路描述:解释电路内部如何工作 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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6.1.2 Gate Symbols (门的符号 )

&

≥1

1

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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10

Equivalent Gate Symbols under

the Generalized Demorgan’s Theorem [等效门符号(摩根定

理) ]

Inverter ( 反相器 )

Buffer ( 缓冲器 )

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11

6.1.3 Signal Name and Active Levels

(信号名和有效电平 )

Name a Signal (信号的命名 )

An Active Level Associated with a Signal

(与信号相关的有效电平 )Active High

(高电平有效)Active Low

(低电平有效)

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

•Asserted ( 有效)•Deasserted (无效)•Negated (取消)

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12

An Inversion Bubble to Indicate an Active-Low Pin

( 有反相圈的引脚 表示低电平有效 )

Given Logic Function as Occurring inside that symbolic outline.( 给定逻辑功能只在符号框的内部发生 )

READY

REQUESTGO

READY_L

REQUEST_LGO_L

6.1.3 Signal Name and Active Levels

(信号名和有效电平 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

Figure 6-5,6,7,8,9,10

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13

6.1.5 Bubble-to-Bubble Logic Design

(“ ”圈到圈 的逻辑设计 )

AASEL

B

DATA

AASEL

B

ADATA_L

BDATA_L

DATA

Figure 6-11

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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14

6.2 Circuit Timing (电路定时 )

X

Z

Y

F

W

Propagation Delay ( 传播延迟 )

—— A Signal Path as the Time that it takes for a Change at the Input to Produce a Change at the Output of the Path( 信号通路输入端的变化引起输出端变化所需的时间 )

tpHL and tpLH Maybe Different

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

Figure 6-19

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15

Propagation Delay ( 传播延迟 )

Timing Analysis: Worst-Case Delay( 定时分析:取最坏情况延迟 )

X

Z

Y

F

W

Maximum Delay

( 最大延迟 )

Typical Delay

( 典型延迟 )

Minimum Delay

( 最小延迟 )

’08

’08

’04

’32

’32’32

表 6-2

15

202222

6.2 Circuit Timing (电路定时 )

tpHL and tpLH Maybe Different

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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Timing Diagram

[ 定时图(时序图) ]

GO

READY

DAT

tDAT tDAT

GOREADY

DAT

tRDY tRDY

6.2 Circuit Timing (电路定时 )

Causality and Propagation Delay ( 因果性和传播延迟)

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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GOREADY

DAT

GO

READY

DAT

tRDYmin

tRDYmax

6.2 Circuit Timing (电路定时 )

Timing Diagram

[ 定时图(时序图) ]

Minimum and Maximum Delay ( 最小和最大延迟)

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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WRITE_L

DATAOUT

DATAIN

tOUTmax

tsetup tOUTmin

6.2 Circuit Timing (电路定时 )

Certain and Uncertain Transitions ( 确切的和不确切的转换)

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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Commonly Used MSI Combinational Logic Device

(常用中规模组合逻辑器件)

Encoders (编码器 )

Decoders (译码器 )

Multiplexers (多路复用器 )

Parity Circuits (奇偶校验 )

Comparators (比较器 )

Adders (加法器 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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Decoder and Encoder(译码器和编码器 )

Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output Logic Circuit( 多输入、多输出电路 )

Enable

Inputs

( 使能输入 )

( 输入编码 ) ( 输出

编码 )

Map 映射

Enable Inputs must be

Asserted to perform

Normal Mapping

Function

( 使能输入有效才能

实现正常映射功能 )

Input Cord Word Output

Cord Word

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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Most Commonly Used Case(一种最常用的情况 )

使能

输入编码 输出

编码

Map 映射

Decoder (译码器)

Encoder (编码器)

N-Bit Binary Code(n 位二进制码 )

2n 中取 1 码

使能

输入编码 输出

编码

Map 映射

2n 中取 1 码

n 位二进制码

( One-out-of 2n )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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22

Decoder (译码器) Normally Output Code has More bits than its

Input Code

( 一般来说,输出编码比输入编码位数多 )

Encoder (编码器) Output Code has Fewer bits than its Input

Code called an Encoder

( 输出编码比输入编码位数少,则常称为编码器 )

Decoder and Encoder(译码器和编码器 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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6.4 Decoder(译码器)

Binary Decoder

(二进制译码器 )

2-to-4Decoder

Y0Y1Y2Y3

I0I1

EN

0 X X 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0 0 1

1 0 1 0 0 1 0

1 1 0 0 1 0 0

1 1 1 1 0 0 0

InputsEN I1 I2

Outputs Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0

( 2-4 二进制译码器真值表 )Truth Table for a 2-to-4 Binary Decoder

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

Table 6-4, Figure 6-32

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24

0 X X 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0 0 1

1 0 1 0 0 1 0

1 1 0 0 1 0 0

1 1 1 1 0 0 0

InputsEN I1 I2

Outputs Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0

( 2-4 二进制译码器真值表 )Y0 = EN · ( I1’ · I2’ )

Y1 = EN · ( I1’ · I2 )

Y2 = EN · ( I1 · I2’ )

Y3 = EN · ( I1 · I2 )

Yi = EN · mi

6.4 Decoder(译码器)

Truth Table for a 2-to-4 Binary Decoder

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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DecodersDecoder: Popular combinational logic

building block, in addition to logic gatesConverts input binary number to one high

output2-input decoder: four possible input

binary numbersSo has four outputs, one for each possible

input binary number

2.9

i0i1

d0d1d2d3 1

11

000

i0i1

d0d1d2d3 0

01

010

i0i1

d0d1d2d3 0

10

100

i0i1

d0d1d2d3 0

00

001

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26

Decoders

Internal design AND gate for each output

to detect input combination

Decoder with enable e Outputs all 0 if e=0 Regular behavior if e=1

n-input decoder: 2n outputs

2.9

i0i1

d0d1d2d3e 1

1

11

000

e

i0i1

d0d1d2d3 0

11

000

0

i0

d0

d1

d2

d3

i1

i1’i0’

i1’i0

i1i0’

i1i0

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27

Decoder Example

New Year’s Eve Countdown DisplayMicroprocessor counts from 59 down to

0 in binary on 6-bit output

d0d1d2d3

i0i1i2i3i4i5

e

6x64dcd

d58d59d60d61d62d63

0 HappyNew Year

123

5859

010000

0010

00

2 2 1100000

0100

00

1000000

1000

00

0 0

Pro

cess

or

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2828

Decoder Example

Want illuminate one of 60 lights for each binary number

Use 6x64 decoder4 outputs unused

d0d1d2d3

i0i1i2i3i4i5

e

6x64dcd

d58d59d60d61d62d63

0 HappyNew Year

123

5859

010000

0010

00

2 2 1100000

0100

00

1000000

1000

00

0 0

Pro

cess

or

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29

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 1 00 0 0 0 0 1 0 00 0 0 0 1 0 0 00 0 0 1 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 0 0 00 1 0 0 0 0 0 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 00 0 10 1 00 1 11 0 01 0 11 1 01 1 1

I2 I1 I0 Y7 Y1Y0Y2Y3Y4Y5Y6

(3-8 二进制译码器真值表 )

3-to-8Decoder

I2

I1

I0

Y0

Y1

Y7

Yi = EN · mi

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 01 1 1 1 1 1 0 11 1 1 1 1 0 1 11 1 1 1 0 1 1 11 1 1 0 1 1 1 11 1 0 1 1 1 1 11 0 1 1 1 1 1 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

6.4 Decoder(译码器)Truth Table for a 3-to- 8 Binary Decoder

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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Logic Symbols for Large-Scale Element (大规模元件的逻辑符号 )

Y0Y1Y2Y3

G

AB

1/2 74x139

Y0

Y1

Y2

Y3

G

AB

1/2 74x139

Y0

Y1

Y2

Y3

G

AB

1/2 74x139

G_L

AB

Y0_LY1_LY2_LY3_L

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

Figure 6-36

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31

The 74x139 Dual 2-to-4 Decoder(双 2-4译码器 74x139)

74x139

1 X X 1 1 1 1

0 0 0 1 1 1 0

0 0 1 1 1 0 1

0 1 0 1 0 1 1

0 1 1 0 1 1 1

Inputs

G B A

Outputs

Y3_L Y2_L Y1_L Y0_L

( 1/2 74x139 双 2-4 译码器真值表 )

Truth Table for One-half of a 74x139Dual 2-to-4 Decoder

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32

The 74x138 3-to-8 Decoder(3-8译码器 74x138)

G1

G2A_L

G2B_L

Y3 = G1 · G2A · G2B · C’· B · A

Enable ( 使 能 )Select ( 选 择 )

Y3_L = Y3’

= (G1 · G2A_L’ · G2B_L’ · C’·B·A)’

= G1’ + G2A_L + G2B_L + C+B’+A’

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

Figure 6-34, 35

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33

第六章 作业

6.9 6.106.13 6.166.17

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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Using the information given in Table 6-2 with 74HCTxx,74AHCTxx and 74LSxx, Determine the exact maximum propagation delay from IN to OUT of the following Circuit. Compare and Comment on your results.

A Class Problem ( 每课一题 )

X

Z

Y

F

W

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Chapter 6 Combinational Logic Design Practices

(组合逻辑设计实践 )

Documentation Standard and Circuit Timing

(文档标准和电路定时 )

Commonly Used MSI Combinational Logic

Device (常用的中规模组合逻辑器件 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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Review of Last Class (内容回顾 )

6.1 Documentation Standard

(文档标准 )

Signal Name and Active Level

(信号名和有效电平 )

Bubble-to-Bubble Logic Design

(“ ”圈到圈 逻辑设计 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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6.2 Circuit Timing (电路定时 )

Propagation Delay (传播延迟 )

Timing Analysis (定时分析 )

Timing Diagram (定时图 )

Review of Last Class (内容回顾 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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A B F

0 0 00 1 01 0 01 1 1

A BF

开关状态: 1 -闭合、 0 -断开灯的状态: 1 -亮 、 0 -不亮

逻辑与:当且仅当所有输入条件都有效时,输出状态才有效。

开关状态: 0 -闭合、 1 -断开灯的状态: 0 -亮 、 1 -不亮

A B F

0 0 00 1 11 0 11 1 1

A

BF A

BF

F = A + B = ( A’ · B’ )’

Review of Last Class (内容回顾 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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开关的有效状态:闭合灯的有效状态:亮

A BF

有反相圈的引脚表示低电平有效

给定逻辑功能只在符号框的内部发生

Review of Last Class (内容回顾 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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Decoders (译码器 )

Encoders (编码器 )

Multiplexers

(多路复用器 )

Parity Circuits

(奇偶校验 )

Comparators (比较器 )

Adders (加法器 )

Commonly Used MSI Combinational Logic Device(常用中

规模组合逻辑器件)

Enable

Inputs

( 使能输入 )

( 输入编码 ) ( 输出

编码 )

Map 映射

Input Code Word Output

Code Word

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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6.4 Decoder(译码器)Binary Decoder (二进制译码器 )

使能

输入编码 输出

编码

映射

n 位二进制码

2n 中取 1 码

2-4 译码器Y0Y1Y2Y3

I0I1

EN

Yi = EN · mi

0 X X 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0 0 1

1 0 1 0 0 1 0

1 1 0 0 1 0 0

1 1 1 1 0 0 0

输 入EN I1 I0

输 出 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0

2-4 二进制译码器真值表

当使能端有效时Yi = mi

Truth Table for a 2-to-4 Binary Decoder

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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The 74x139 Dual 2-to-4 Decoder(双 2-4译码器 74x139)

74x139

1 X X 1 1 1 1

0 0 0 1 1 1 0

0 0 1 1 1 0 1

0 1 0 1 0 1 1

0 1 1 0 1 1 1

Inputs

G B A

Outputs

Y3_L Y2_L Y1_L Y0_L

( 1/2 74x139 双 2-4 译码器真值表 )

Truth Table for One-half of a 74x139Dual 2-to-4 Decoder

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43

74x139

EN

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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低位

高位Yi = EN · mi

G1

G2A_L

G2B_L

EN

Yi_L = Yi’ = ( EN · mi )’

EN = G1 · G2A · G2B

= G1 · G2A_L’ · G2B_L’

Y0_L

Y1_L

Y7_L

Y2_L

Y3_L

Y4_L

Y5_L

Y6_L

EN

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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N0N1N2N3

EN_L

+5V

D0_L

D7_L

D8_L

D15_L

用 74x138 设计 4-16 译码器思路: 16 个输出需要 片 74x138?

Y0

Y7ABC

G1G2AG2B

Y0

Y7ABC

G1G2AG2B

U1

U2

任何时刻只有一片在工作。 4 个输入中,哪些位控制片选哪些位控制输入

Cascading Binary Decoders ( 级联二进制译码器)

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46

Consider: How to make a 5-to-32 Decoder

with 3-to-8 Decoder?

( 思考:用 74x138 设计 5-32 译码器 )

How many 74x138 chips to be used

with 32 outputs?

(32 个输出需要多少片 74x138 ? )

Control that only one chip works in any time

( 控制任何时刻只有一片工作 )

—— Use the Enable Inputs ( 利用使能端 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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Consider: How to make a 5-to-32 Decoder with 3-to-8 Decoder?

(思考:用 74x138 设计 5-32 译码器 )

Control inputs of three low-order bits of a 5-bit code word

(5个输入的低 3位控制输入 )Control chips of two high-order bits of

a 5-bit code word

(5个输入的高 2位控制片选 ) ——Use 2-to-4 Decoder

( 利用 2-4 译码器 )

Figure 6-37

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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补充:用译码器和逻辑门实现逻辑函数

F = (X,Y,Z) (0,3,6,7)

= (X,Y,Z) (1,2,4,5)

对于二进制译码器: Yi = EN · mi

当使能端有效时, Yi = mi

对低电平有效输出: Yi_L = Yi’

当使能端有效时, Yi_L = mi’ = Mi

ABC

G1G2AG2B

Y0Y1Y2Y3Y4Y5Y6Y7

74x138

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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用译码器和逻辑门实现逻辑函数

ZYX

ABC

G1G2AG2B

Y0Y1Y2Y3Y4Y5Y6Y7

74x138

F

+5V

F = (X,Y,Z) (0,3,6,7) 当使能端有效时Yi = mi

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用译码器和逻辑门实现逻辑函数

ZYX

ABC

G1G2AG2B

Y0Y1Y2Y3Y4Y5Y6Y7

74x138+5V

F

F = (X,Y,Z) (0,3,6,7)

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= M1 · M2 · M4 · M5 = m1’ · m2’ · m4’ · m5’

F = (X,Y,Z) ( 1, 2, 4, 5 )

ZYX

ABC

G1G2AG2B

Y0Y1Y2Y3Y4Y5Y6Y7

74x138+5V

F

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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BCD Decoder (二-十进制译码器 )

Inputs : 4-bit BCD code

Outputs :1-out-of 10 CodeY0

Y9

I0I1I2I3

多余的 6 个状态如何处理?

输出均无效:拒绝“翻译”

作为任意项处理 —— 电路内部结构简单

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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二-十进制译码器

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 1 00 0 1 10 1 0 00 1 0 10 1 1 00 1 1 11 0 0 01 0 0 11 0 1 01 0 1 11 1 0 01 1 0 11 1 1 01 1 1 1

0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 01 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

I3 I2 I1 I0

0123456789

Y0_L Y9_L

码任 意 项

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6.4.8 Seven-Segment Decoders(七段显示译码器 )

a b c d e f g dp

公共阴极

a

b

c

d

e

f g

dp

Normally use (常用的有 ) :Light-Emitting Diodes

( LED, 半导体数码管)Liquid-Crystal Display

( LCD, 液晶数码管)

a b c d e f g dp

公共阳极

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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Multiple-Output Example: BCD to 7-Segment Converter

abcdefg111111001100001101101

afb

d

gec

wxyz

Converter

af

b

d

g ec

(b)(a)

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56

Multiple-Output Example: BCD to 7-Segment Converter

a = w’x ’y ’z ’ + w’x ’yz’ + w’x ’yz + w’xy’z + w ’xyz’ + w’xyz + wx’y ’z ’ + wx’y ’zb = w’x ’y ’z ’ + w’x ’y ’z + w ’x ’yz’ + w’x ’yz + w’xy’z ’ + w’xyz + wx’y ’z ’ + wx’y ’z

af

b

d

gec

a...

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57

Input code: 4-bit BCD

[ 输入信号: BCD码(用 A3A2A1A0表示) ]

Output Code: Seven-Segment Code

[ 输出:七段码(的驱动信号) a ~ g ]

1 表示亮 (On), 0 表示灭 (Off)

a

b

c

d

e

f g

1111110 1101101 0011111

6.4.8 Seven-Segment Decoders(七段显示译码器 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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七段显示译码器的真值表

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 1 00 0 1 10 1 0 00 1 0 10 1 1 00 1 1 11 0 0 01 0 0 1

1 0 1 01 0 1 11 1 0 01 1 0 11 1 1 01 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 00 1 1 0 0 0 01 1 0 1 1 0 11 1 1 1 0 0 10 1 1 0 0 1 11 0 1 1 0 1 10 0 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 0 0 0 01 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 0 0 1 1

0 0 0 1 1 0 10 0 1 1 0 0 10 1 0 0 0 1 11 0 0 1 0 1 10 0 0 1 1 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0

A3 A2 A1 A0a b c d e f g

0123456789

101112131415

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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Karnaugh Maps for BCD-Seven-Segment Decoder (BCD - 七段显示译码器的卡诺图 )

Ya = A3A2A2A0 + A3A1 + A2A0

Yb = A3A1 + A2A1A0 + A2A1A0

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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Yc = A3A2 + A2A1A0

Yd = A2A1A0 + A2A1A0 + A2A1A0

Karnaugh Maps for BCD-Seven-Segment Decoder (BCD - 七段显示译码器的卡诺图 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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Ye = A2A1 + A0

Yf = A3A2A0 + A1A0 + A2A1

Karnaugh Maps for BCD-Seven-Segment Decoder (BCD - 七段显示译码器的卡诺图 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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Yg = A3A2A1 + A2A1A0

Karnaugh Maps for BCD-Seven-Segment Decoder (BCD - 七段显示译码器的卡诺图 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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回顾:组合电路的综合

要求设计一个七段显示译码器逻辑抽象,得到真值表选择器件类型

采用基本门电路实现,利用卡诺图化简采用二进制译码器实现,变换为标准和形式

电路处理,得到电路图

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第六章 作业(四版) 6.20 (a) (c) (e) 6.31 6.32 6.33 6.41:用MSI和 SSI设计

6.43 6.38 6.47

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第五章 作业 5.19(6.20) (a) (b) (c) 5.82(6.43) 5.85(6.41)用MSI和 SSI设计 5.31(6.31) 5.32(6.32) 5.34(6.33) 5.36( 6.38) 5.40(6.47)

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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用译码器和逻辑门实现逻辑函数

ABC

G1G2AG2B

Y0Y1Y2Y3Y4Y5Y6Y7

74x138

F = (X,Y,Z) (1,3,5,6)

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

A Class Problem ( 每课一题 )

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Chapter 6 Combinational Logic Design Practices

(组合逻辑设计实践 )

Documentation Standard and Circuit Timing

(文档标准和电路定时 )

Commonly Used MSI Combinational Logic

Device (常用的中规模组合逻辑器件 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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6868

期中考试时间: 5月 11 日 (周六 ) 19:00-21:00

范围: 第二章、第三章、第四章、第六章内容及有关补充内容

集中答疑时间: 5月 11日(周六) 8:30-11:30 14:30-17:30

地点:待定

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实验课答疑验收通知

本周四( 4月 25日)

下午 2:30-5:30

地点:科 A335

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Decoder (译码器 )

Cascading Binary

Decoders

(译码器的级联 )

Realize a Logic Circuit

by Using Decoder

(利用译码器实现逻辑电路 )

Review of Last Class ( 内容回顾 )Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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BCD Decoder

( 二-十进制译码器 )

Seven-Segment Decoders

(七段显示译码器 )

Review of Last Class ( 内容回顾 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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用译码器和逻辑门实现逻辑函数

ABC

G1G2AG2B

Y0Y1Y2Y3Y4Y5Y6Y7

74x138F = (X,Y,Z) (1,3,5,6)

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

A Class Problem ( 每课一题 )

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6.5 Encoder(编码器)

Binary Encoder

A0

A1

A2

I0I1

I7

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 00 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 00 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

I0 I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 A2 A1 A0

(3 位二进制编码器的真值表 )

2n

InputsnOut-puts

Truth Table for a 8-to-3 Encoder

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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Encoder

N inputs with exactly one of them being set to 1, log2(n) outputs for encoding.

74

4x24 x 2 encoder

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7575

Guarantee:

The Inputs are

asserted at most

one at a time.

( 前提: 任何时刻只有一个输入端有效。 )

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 00 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 00 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

I0 I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 A2 A1 A0

(3 位二进制编码器的真值表 )

6.5 Encoder(编码器)

Truth Table for a 8-to-3 Encoder

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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A0 = I1 + I3 + I5 + I7

A1 = I2 + I3 + I6 + I7

A2 = I4 + I5 + I6 + I7

Trouble:When more than One

Inputs are asserted?

( 问题:当某时刻出现多个输入有效? )

Priority (优先级)

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 00 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 00 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

I0 I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 A2 A1 A0

(3 位二进制编码器的真值表 )

6.5 Encoder(编码器)

Truth Table for a 8-to-3 Encoder

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

AB’C’D’ = A

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Priority Encoder

(优先编码器 )

A2

A1

A0

IDLE

I7I6I5I4I3I2I1I0

Change I0~ I7 to H0~ H7,

Make Sure the Inputs are

asserted at most one at a time.

( 将 I0~ I7 转换为 H0~ H7,

保证其中,任何时刻只有一个有效 )

Highest-Priority( 数大优先 )

6.5 Encoder (编码器)Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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Priority Encoder

(优先编码器 )

A2

A1

A0

IDLE

I7I6I5I4I3I2I1I0

H7 = I7H6 = I6 · I7’H5 = I5 · I6’ · I7’…H0 = I0 · I1’ · I2’ · … · I6’ · I7’

A2 = H4 + H5 + H6 + H7A1 = H2 + H3 + H6 + H7A0 = H1 + H3 + H5 + H7

Highest-Priority( 数大优先 )

6.5 Encoder (编码器)Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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Priority Encoder

(优先编码器 )

A2

A1

A0

IDLE

I7I6I5I4I3I2I1I0

Change I0~ I7 to H0~ H7,

Make Sure the Inputs are

asserted at most one at a time.

( 将 I0~ I7 转换为 H0~ H7,

保证其中,任何时刻只有一个有效 )

Highest-Priority( 数大优先 )

The IDLE Output is asserted if

No Inputs are asserted.

( 如果没有输入有效,则 IDLE 为 1 )

IDLE = I0’ · I1’ · … · I6’ · I7’

6.5 Encoder (编码器)Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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8080

输出

使能输出,用于级联EO选通输出GS

EI_L 有效没有输入请求 EO_L 有效

Enable Inputs

EIEI_L 有效

有输入请求 GS_L 有效

图 6-48 表 6-27

The 74x148 Priority Encoder ( 优先级编码器 74x148)

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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A2A1A0

GSEO

EI

I7

I0

A2A1A0

GSEO

EI

I7

I0

Q15_L

Q8_L

Q7_L

Q0_L

Y0

Y1

Y2

Y3

GS

2 个 74x148 级联为 16 - 4 优先编码器Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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输入:由 864,需8片 74x148 每片优先级不同(怎样实现?) 保证高位无输入时,次高位才工作 —— 高位芯片的 EO端接次高位芯片的EI端

用 8-3 优先编码器 74x148 级联为 64-6 优先编码器

A2A1A0

GSEO

EI

I7

I0

片间优先级的编码 —— 利用第 9 片 74x148

每片的 GS 端接到第 9 片的输入端 第 9 片的输出作为高 3 位( RA5~ RA3)

片内优先级片间优先级

输出: 6 位低 3 位高 3 位

8 片输出 A2~ A0

通过或门作为最终输出的低 3 位RA2~ RA0

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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分析判定优先级电路:(利用 74x148 ) 8 个 ___ 电平有效输入 I0_L~ I7_L, _____ 的优先级最高 地址输出 A2~ A0, ____ 电平有效 若输出 AVALID 高电平有效,则表示 _______________

A2A1A0

GSEO

EI

74x148

I7

I0

I0_L

I7_L

A2A1A0

AVALID

低 I0_L

至少有一个输入有效低

题 6.53

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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设计判定优先级电路:(利用 74x148 ) 8 个输入 I0~ I7 高电平有效, I7 优先级最高 地址输出 A2~ A0 ,高电平有效 如果没有输入有效,为 111 且输出 IDLE 有效

I7

I0

A2

A1

A0

IDLE

A2A1A0

GSEO

EI

I7

I0

74x148

题 6.52

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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6.6 Three-State Devices (三态器件 )

Three-State Buffer (Three-State Driver)

[ 三态缓冲器(三态驱动器) ]

Figure 6-51

Three States: Active High(1) , Active Low (0), Hi-Z ( 三种状态:高电平,低电平,高阻态)

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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6.6 Three-State Devices (三态器件 )

Three-State Device allow Multiple Sources to Share a Single “Party Line“

As long as Only One device “talk” on the Line at a time (三态器件允许多个信号源共享单个“同线”, 条件是每次只有一个器件工作) (Figure 6-52)

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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6.6 Three-State Devices (三态器件 )

Typical Three-State Devices are Designed So that they go into the Hi-Z state Faster than they come out of the Hi-Z state.(对典型的三态器件,进入高阻态比离开高阻态 的时间快)

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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6.6 Three-State Devices (三态器件 )

74x245 :双向传输数据,低电平使能 DIR 决定传输方向

74x541 :两个公共使能端,低电平使能, 施密特触发输入,输出不反相 (图 6-54 6-55 )

Standard SSI and MSI Three-State Buffer ( 标准 SSI和MSI 三态缓冲器 )

(图 6-56 6-57 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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ABC

G1G2AG2B

Y0Y1Y2Y3Y4Y5Y6Y7

74x138

EN1EN2_LEN3_L

SSRC0SSRC1SSRC2

冲突( fighting)

利用使能端进行时序控制

三态器件允许信号共享单个“同线”( party line)典型的三态器件,进入高阻态比离开高阻态快

P0

P1

P7

SDATA

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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9090

EN1

EN2_L, EN3_L

max(tpLZmax, tpHZmax) min(tpZLmin, tpZHmin)

SSRC[2:0] 0 1 2 37

SDATA P0 P1 P2 P3P7

Dead Time( 截止时间 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

Figure 6-53

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A1

A8

G1G2 Y1

Y8

74x541

DB[0:7]

A1

A8

G1G2 Y1

Y8

74x541

Notation of Data Bus (数据总线的表示法)

图 6 - 55

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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A1 B1

DIR

Transfer Data in Either Directions

By Using Three-State Transceiver

( 利用三态缓冲器实现数据双向传送 )

Bus Transceiver ( 总线收发 图 6 - 56)

DIRG_L

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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9393

6.7 Multiplexer(多路复用器)

Digital Switch, Multi-Switch, Data Selector

(又称数据开关、多路开关、数据选择器 )

(缩写:MUX) Under Select Controlling Signals, Select One

of the Multi-Inputs to the Output

( 在选择控制信号的作用下, 从多个输入数据中选择其中一个作为输出。 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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949494

Multiplexer (Mux)

Mux: Another popular combinational building blockRoutes one of its N data inputs to its one

output, based on binary value of select inputs

Page 95: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

959595

Multiplexer (Mux)

4 input mux needs 2 select inputs to indicate which input to route through

8 input mux 3 select inputs N inputs log2(N) selects

Like a rail yard switch

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9696

6.7 Multiplexer(多路复用器)

EN

SEL

D0

Dn-1

Y

Enable 使能Select 选择

n 个 1 位数据源 数据输出( 1位)

1

0

n

iii DmENY

EN

SEL

D0

Dn-1

Y

Enable( 使能 )

Select( 选择 )

N Data Sources(n个 b 位数据源 )

Data Output( 数据输出 )( b 位)

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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979797

Mux Internal Design

s0

di0

i1

2×1

i1i0

s01

d

2×1

i1

i0

s0

0

d

2× 1

i1

i0

s0

d

0

i0 (1*i0=i0)

i0 (0+i0=i0)1

0

2x1 mux

0

Page 98: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

989898

Mux Internal Design

i041

i2

i1

i3

s1s0

d

s0

d

i0

i1

i2

i3

s1

4x1 mux

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9999

EN_L C B A Y Y_L

1 X X X0 0 0 00 0 0 10 0 1 00 0 1 10 1 0 00 1 0 10 1 1 00 1 1 1

0 1D0 D0’D1 D1’D2 D2’D3 D3’D4 D4’D5 D5’D6 D6’D7 D7’

(8 输入 1 位多路复用器 )Truth Table for a 74x151

ABC

8-Input,1-bit Multiplexer

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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100100

输入G_L S

1 X0 0

0 1

0 0 0 0

1A 2A 3A 4A

1B 2B 3B 4B

(2 输入 4 位多路复用器 )

Truth Table for a 74x157

输出1Y 2Y 3Y 4Y

1A

2A

3A

4A

2-Input,4-bit Multiplexer

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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101101

1G_L 2G_L B A 1Y 2Y

1 1 X X0 0 0 00 0 0 10 0 1 00 0 1 10 1 0 00 1 0 10 1 1 00 1 1 11 0 0 01 0 0 11 0 1 01 0 1 1

0 01C0 2C01C1 2C11C2 2C21C3 2C31C0 01C1 01C2 01C3 0 0 2C0 0 2C1 0 2C2 0 2C3

(4 输入 2 位多路复用器 74x153 真值表 )

双 4 选 1

AB1G

2G

Truth Table for a 74x153 4-Input, 2-bit Multiplexer

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102102

Expanding Multiplexers(扩展多路复用器 )

Expanding Bit (扩展位 )How to Realize 8-Input, 16-bit Multiplexer?

(如何实现 8输入, 16位多路复用器? )From 8-Input, 1-bit to 8-Input, 16-bit

(由 8输入 1位 8输入 16位 )

Need 16 74x151, Each Chip Process 1-bit

(需要 16片 74x151,

每片处理输入输出中的 1位 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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103103

Expanding Multiplexers(扩展多路复用器 )

Expanding Bit (扩展位 )Select-Inputs Connect

to C,B,A of Each Chip

(选择端连接到每片的 C,B,A)

Note: The Fanout Ability

of Select field

(注意:选择端的扇出能力 )

(驱动 16个负载)

EN

YY

ABCD0

D7

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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104104

Expanding Inputs (扩展数据输入端的数目 )How to realize 32-Input, 1-bit Multiplexer

(如何实现 32输入, 1位多路复用器? ) Inputs from 8 to 32, Need 4 chips

( 数据输入由 832,需 4片 )

How to control Select Inputs

----- By High bit plus Low bit.

( 如何控制选择输入端?

—— 分为:高位+低位 )

EN

YY

ABCD0

D7

Expanding Multiplexers(扩展多路复用器 )

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105105

Expanding Inputs (扩展数据输入端的数目 )如何实现 32输入, 1位多路复用器?

High Bits plus Decoder as Select

( 高位+译码器进行片选 )

Low Bits Connect to

C,B,A of each Chip

( 低位接到每片的 C,B,A)

Output Using OR Gate

( 4片输出用或门得最终输出 )

EN

YY

ABCD0

D7

Expanding Multiplexers(扩展多路复用器 )

Figure 6-60

Page 106: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

106106

D0D1D2D3

D4D5D6D7

A0A1A2

Y

Dual 4-to-1 Multiplexer to 8-to-1 Multiplexer( 用双 4 选 1 数据选择器构成 8 选 1 数据选择器 )

Page 107: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

107107107

Mux Example

City mayor can set four switches up or down, representing his/her vote on each of four proposals, numbered 0, 1, 2, 3

City manager can display any such vote on large green/red LED (light) by setting two switches to represent binary 0, 1, 2, or 3

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108108

Mux ExampleUse 4x1 mux

i04x1

i2i1

i3s1 s0

d

1

2

3

4

Mayor’s switches

manager'sswitches

Green/RedLED

on/off

Proposal

Page 109: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

109109109

Muxes Commonly Together – N-bit Mux

Ex: Two 4-bit inputs A (a3 a2 a1 a0), and B (b3 b2 b1 b0)

4-bit 2x1 mux (just four 2x1 muxes sharing a select line)

can select between A or B

Page 110: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

110110

Muxes Commonly Together – N-bit Mux

i0

s0i1

2x1d

i0

s0i1

2x1d

i0

s0i1

2x1d

i0

s0i1

2x1d

a3b3

I0

s0

s0

I1

4-bit2x1

D CA

B

a2b2

a1b1

a0b0

s0

4C

44

4

c3

c2

c1

c0

is shortfor

Simplifyingnotation:

Page 111: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

111111111

N-bit Mux Example

Four possible display itemsTemperature (T), Average miles-per-gallon (A) Instantaneous mpg (I), and Miles remaining (M) – each is 8-bits wide

Choose which to display on D using two inputs x and yPushing button sequences to the next item

Page 112: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

112112

N-bit Mux Example

Use 8-bit 4x1 mux

I08-bit4x1

I2

I1

I3s1 s0

D

x y

8

8 D

T

AI

M

8

8

8

button

To the above-mirror display

From the car's central computer

Page 113: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

113113

用数据选择器设计组合逻辑电路

1

0

n

iii DmENY

当使能端有效时,

1

0

n

iii DmY

最小项之和形式

EN

ABC

D0D1D2D3D4D5D6D7

YY

74x151

实现逻辑函数 F = (A,B,C)(0,1,3,7)

CBAVCC

F

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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114114

设计七段显示译码器逻辑抽象,得到真值表

输入信号: BCD码( A3A2A1A0)输出:七段码(的驱动信号) a ~ g

1 表示亮, 0 表示灭选择器件类型

采用基本门电路实现,利用卡诺图化简采用二进制译码器实现,变换为标准和形式采用数据选择器实现 ,变换为标准和形式

电路处理,得到电路图

a

b

c

d

e

f g

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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115115

七段显示译码器的真值表

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 1 00 0 1 10 1 0 00 1 0 10 1 1 00 1 1 11 0 0 01 0 0 1

1 0 1 01 0 1 11 1 0 01 1 0 11 1 1 01 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 00 1 1 0 0 0 01 1 0 1 1 0 11 1 1 1 0 0 10 1 1 0 0 1 11 0 1 1 0 1 10 0 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 0 0 0 01 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 0 0 1 1

0 0 0 1 1 0 10 0 1 1 0 0 10 1 0 0 0 1 11 0 0 1 0 1 10 0 0 1 1 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0

A3 A2 A1 A0 a b c d e f g

0123456789

101112131415

A1A0

A3A2

00 01 11 10

00

01

11

10

1

0

1

1

1

1

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

a

Page 116: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

116116

第六章 作业 (四版)

6.506.516.216.22

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

Page 117: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

117117

第六章 作业(三版)

5.45(6.50)5.46(6.51)5.21(6.21)5.22(6.22)

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

Page 118: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

118118

用数据选择器 74x151实现逻辑函数

F = (X,Y,Z) (2,3,4,7)

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

A Class Problem ( 每课一题 )

EN

ABC

D0D1D2D3D4D5D6D7

YY

74x151

Page 119: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

119

Chapter 6 Combinational Logic Design Practices

(组合逻辑设计实践 )

Documentation Standard and Circuit Timing

(文档标准和电路定时 )

Commonly Used MSI Combinational Logic

Device (常用的中规模组合逻辑器件 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

Page 120: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

120

期中考试时间: 4月 23 日 (周六 ) 晚上范围:第二章、第三章、第四章、第六章内容及有关补充内容

集中答疑时间: 4月 23日(周六) 上午 8:

30-11: 30 地点: C237和 C437

Page 121: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

121

Decoder

(译码器 )

Encoder

(编码器 )

三态器件

多路复用器

( 优先编码器的级联和应用 )

Review of Last Class (内容回顾 )

Cascading Priority Encoders

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

Page 122: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

122

BCD Decoder

( 二-十进制译码器 )

Seven-Segment Decoders

(七段显示译码器 )

Encoder (编码器 )

Priority Encoder

(优先编码器 )

BinaryEncoder

A0

A1

A2

I0

I7

2n

个输入

n个输出

Review of Last Class (内容回顾 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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123

译码器

编码器

Three-State Device

(三态器件 )

Multiplexer

(多路复用器 )

允许多个信号驱动“同线”

实现数据双向传送数据总线的表示法

Review of Last Class (内容回顾 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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124

ABC

G1G2AG2B

Y0Y1Y2Y3Y4Y5Y6Y7

74x138

EN1EN2_LEN3_L

SSRC0SSRC1SSRC2

冲突( fighting)

利用使能端进行时序控制

三态器件允许信号共享单个“同线”( party line)典型的三态器件,进入高阻态比离开高阻态快

P0

P1

P7

SDATA

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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125

A1 B1

DIR

Transfer Data in Either Directions

By Using Three-State Transceiver

( 利用三态缓冲器实现数据双向传送 )

Bus Transceiver ( 总线收发 图 6 - 56)

DIRG_L

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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126

译码器编码器三态器件

多路复用器

EN

SEL

D0

Dn-1

Y

使能选择

n 个 b 位数据源 数据输出( b 位)

1

0

n

iii DmENY

标准 MSI 多路复用器 74x151 、 74x153 、 74x157

扩展多路复用器

Review of Last Class (内容回顾 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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127

EN_L C B A Y Y_L

1 X X X0 0 0 00 0 0 10 0 1 00 0 1 10 1 0 00 1 0 10 1 1 00 1 1 1

0 1D0 D0’D1 D1’D2 D2’D3 D3’D4 D4’D5 D5’D6 D6’D7 D7’

(8 输入 1 位多路复用器 )Truth Table for a 74x151

ABC

8-Input,1-bit Multiplexer

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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128

1G_L 2G_L B A 1Y 2Y

1 1 X X0 0 0 00 0 0 10 0 1 00 0 1 10 1 0 00 1 0 10 1 1 00 1 1 11 0 0 01 0 0 11 0 1 01 0 1 1

0 01C0 2C01C1 2C11C2 2C21C3 2C31C0 01C1 01C2 01C3 0 0 2C0 0 2C1 0 2C2 0 2C3

(4 输入 2 位多路复用器 74x153 真值表 )

双 4 选 1

AB1G

2G

Truth Table for a 74x153 4-Input, 2-bit Multiplexer

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129

输入G_L S

1 X0 0

0 1

0 0 0 0

1A 2A 3A 4A

1B 2B 3B 4B

2 输入 4 位多路复用器Truth Table for a 74x157

输出1Y 2Y 3Y 4Y

1A

2A

3A

4A

2-Input,4-bit Multiplexer

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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130

D0D1D2D3

D4D5D6D7

A0A1A2

Y

Dual 4-to-1 Multiplexer to 8-to-1 Multiplexer( 用双 4 选 1 数据选择器构成 8 选 1 数据选择器 )

Page 131: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

131

用数据选择器设计组合逻辑电路

1

0

n

iii DmENY

当使能端有效时,

1

0

n

iii DmY

最小项之和形式

EN

ABC

D0D1D2D3D4D5D6D7

YY

74x151

实现逻辑函数 F = (A,B,C)(0,1,3,7)

CBAVCC

F

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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132

设计七段显示译码器逻辑抽象,得到真值表

输入信号: BCD码( A3A2A1A0)输出:七段码(的驱动信号) a ~ g

1 表示亮, 0 表示灭选择器件类型

采用基本门电路实现,利用卡诺图化简采用二进制译码器实现,变换为标准和形式采用数据选择器实现 ,变换为标准和形式

电路处理,得到电路图

a

b

c

d

e

f g

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

Page 133: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

133

七段显示译码器的真值表

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 1 00 0 1 10 1 0 00 1 0 10 1 1 00 1 1 11 0 0 01 0 0 1

1 0 1 01 0 1 11 1 0 01 1 0 11 1 1 01 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 00 1 1 0 0 0 01 1 0 1 1 0 11 1 1 1 0 0 10 1 1 0 0 1 11 0 1 1 0 1 10 0 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 0 0 0 01 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 0 0 1 1

0 0 0 1 1 0 10 0 1 1 0 0 10 1 0 0 0 1 11 0 0 1 0 1 10 0 0 1 1 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0

A3 A2 A1 A0a b c d e f g

0123456789

101112131415

A1A0

A3A2

00 01 11 10

00

01

11

10

1

0

1

1

1

1

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

a

Page 134: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

134

1

0

n

iii DmENY

当使能端有效时,

1

0

n

iii DmY

最小项之和形式

EN

ABC

D0D1D2D3D4D5D6D7

YY

74x151

实现逻辑函数 F = (A,B,C)(0,1,3,7)

CBA

VCC

F

用多路复用器设计组合逻辑电路Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

Page 135: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

135

思考:利用 74x151 实现逻辑函数F = (W,X,Y,Z)(0,1,3,7,9,13,14)

降维:由 4 维 3 维Shannon’s expansion theorems

( 香农展开定理 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

),,,0(),,,1(

),,,(F

2'121

21

nn

n

XXFXXXFX

XXX

Page 136: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

136

思考:利用 74x151 实现逻辑函数F = (W,X,Y,Z)(0,1,3,7,9,13,14)

降维:由 4 维 3 维Shannon’s expansion theorems

( 香农展开定理 )1、 F(1,X2,X3,…,Xn) = F(0,X2,X3,…,Xn)=0, 填 02、 F(1,X2,X3,…,Xn) = F(0,X2,X3,…,Xn)=1 ,填 13、 F(1,X2,X3,…,Xn)=1, F(0,X2,X3,…,Xn)=0 ,填X14、 F(1,X2,X3,…,Xn)=0, F(0,X2,X3,…,Xn)=1 ,填X1’

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

),,,0(),,,1(

),,,(

12'1121

121

XXFXXXFX

XXXF

Page 137: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

137

YZ

WX00 01 11 10

00

01

11

10

1

1

1

1

1

1

1Y

WX00 01 11 10

0

1

1 0 Z Z

Z Z Z’ 0

思考:利用 74x151 实现逻辑函数F = (W,X,Y,Z)(0,1,3,7,9,13,14)

降维:由 4 维 3 维

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

Page 138: Chapter  4    Combinational Logic Design Principles ( 组合逻辑设计原理 )

138

EN

ABC

D0D1D2D3D4D5D6D7

YY

74x151

VCC

YXW

F

Z

利用 74x151 实现

F = (W,X,Y,Z)(0,1,3,7,9,13,14)

0 2 6 4

1 3 7 5

Y

WX00 01 11 10

0

1

1 0 Z Z

Z Z Z’ 0

说明:用具有 n 位地

址输入端的多路复用器,

可以产生任何形式的输

入变量数不大于 n+1

的组合逻辑函数。

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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139

6.7.3 Demultiplexer(多路分配器)

Route the bus data to one of m destinations

(把输入数据送到m个目的地之一 )

多路复用器

SRCA

SRCB

SRCZ

多路分配器

BUS

DSTA

DSTB

DSTZ

SRCSEL DSTSEL

DST : destinationSRC : source SEL : select

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DeMux

One data input being passed through one of the outputs.

140

1x2 demux1×2

s0

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A binary decoder with an enable input can be used as a demultiplexer( 利用带使能端的二进制译码器作为多路分配器 )

ABC

G1G2AG2B

Y0Y1Y2Y3Y4Y5Y6Y7

74x138

DST0_L

DST7_L

数据输入 SRC

EN_L

利用 74x139 实现 2 位 4 输出多路分配器( Figure 6-65 )

DSTSEL0DSTSEL1DSTSEL2

地址选择

—— Enable input is connected to the data line ( 利用使能端作为数据输入端 )

数据输入 SRC

EN_L

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6.8 Parity Circuit (奇偶校验电路 )

Odd-Parity Circuit(奇校验电路)Output is 1 if an odd number of its inputs are 1.

(如果输入有奇数个 1,则输出为 1。 )

Even-Parity Circuit(偶校验电路)Output is 1 if an even number of its inputs are 1.

(如果输入有偶数个 1,则输出为 1。 )

回顾:用什么可以判断 1的个数???

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6.8 Parity Circuit (奇偶校验电路 )

A0 A1 … An =

1 变量为 1 的个数是奇数0 变量为 1 的个数是偶数

Output of odd-parity circuit is inverted, we Get an even-parity circuit.(奇校验电路的输出反相就得到偶校验电路 )

N XOR gates may be cascaded to form a circuit with n+1 inputs and a single output.(n 个异或门级联,形成具有 n+1 个输入和单一输出的电路 )

Figure 6-70

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Review of XOR AND XNOR ( 回顾异或、同或运算 )

AB=(A⊙B)’ AB’=A⊙B AB=A⊙B’

Any two signals( inputs or output) of an XOR or

XNOR gate may be complemented without

changing the resulting logic function.

( 对于异或门、同或门的任何 2 个信号(输入或输出)都可以取反,而不改变结果的逻辑功能( 图 6-69 )

F=AB

A

B

F A

B

F A

B

A

B

F F

F=A’B’ F=(A’B)’ F=(AB’)’

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I1I2I3I4

IN ODD

Daisy-Chain Connection (菊花链式连接 )

I1I2I3I4

IMIN

ODD

Tree Structure (树状连接 )

Cascading XOR Gates( 级联异或门 图 6 - 70 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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9-bit Odd/Even Parity Generator 74x280 (9 位奇偶校验发生器 74x280 ( 图 6 - 71 )

ABCDEFGHI

EVEN

ODD

74x280

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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147

Parity-Checking Applications(奇偶校验的应用 )

用于检测代码在传输和存储过程中是否出现差错

A

EVEN

ODD

74x280

HI

A

EVEN

ODD

74x280

HI

发端

收端

DB[0:7] DB[0:7]

ERROR

发端保证有偶数个 1 收端 ODD 有效表示出错奇数 EVEN

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6.9 Comparator (比较器)Compare two Binary words and indicate whether

they are equal

(比较 2个二进制数值并指示其是否相等的电路 )

Comparator: Check if two Binary words are

equal

( 等值比较器:检验数值是否相等 )

Magnitude Comparator: Compare their

magnitude (Greater than, Equal, Less than)

(数值比较器:比较数值的大小( >,=,<) )

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6.9 Comparator (比较器)

How to build a 1-bit Comparator?

( 如何构造 1位等值比较器?? )

—— Use XOR (XNOR)

(利用异或门(同或门) )

AB DIFF A

B EQ

DIFF : different EQ : equal

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DIFF

A0B0

A1B1

A2B2

A3B3 给出足够的异或门和宽度足够的或门,

可以搭建任意输入位数的等值比较器。

How to Build a N-bit Comparator?

(如何构造多位等值比较器?? )

必须每位都相等 —— 并行比较—— 串行比较

4 位等值比较器

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An Iterative Comparator(迭代比较电路 )

X YCMP

EQI EQO

X0 Y0 X1 Y1 XN-1YN-1

EQ1 EQ2 EQNEQN-1

1 X YCMP

EQI EQO

X YCMP

EQI EQO

—— 每位串行比较AB EQ

EQO

EQI

迭代的方法可能节省费用,但速度慢

用于级联的输入

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

Figure 6-77

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Comparators

N-bit equality comparator: Outputs 1 if two N-bit numbers are equal4-bit equality comparator with inputs A

and Ba3 must equal b3, a2 = b2, a1 = b1, a0 = b0

Two bits are equal if both 1, or both 0eq = (a3b3 + a3’b3’) * (a2b2 + a2’b2’) * (a1b1

+ a1’b1’) * (a0b0 + a0’b0’)Note that function inside parentheses is XNOR

eq = (a3 xnor b3) * (a2 xnor b2) * (a1 xnor b1) * (a0 xnor b0)

4.4

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153153

Comparators4.4

a3a2a1a0 b3

eq

b2b1b0

4-bit equality comparator

0110 = 0111 ?

a3b3 a2b2 a1b1 a0b0

eq

0 1 1 00 1 1 1

01 1 1

0

=

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EQ_L

A

B

LT_L

GT_L

1-Bit Magnitude Comparator (一位数值比较器 )

① A>B( A=1, B=0 )则 A·B’=1 可作为输出信号

② A<B( A=0, B=1 )则 A’·B=1 可作为输出信号

③ A=B ,则 A⊙B=1,可作为输出信号输出低电平有效

EQ_L = A·B’+A’·B = AB = (A⊙B)’

LT : Less Than

EQ : Equal

GT : Greater Than

(A’·B)’

(A·B’)’

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n-Bit Magnitude Comparator(多位数值比较器 )

A(A3A2A1A0) 和 B(B3B2B1B0) 自高而低逐位比较

EQ = (A3⊙B3)·(A2⊙B2)·(A1⊙B1)·(A0⊙B0)

GT = (A3>B3)

LT = EQ’ · GT’ = ( EQ + GT )’

或 (A3 = B3)· (A2 = B2)· (A1>B1)

或 (A3 = B3)·(A2 = B2)·(A1 = B1)· (A0>B0)

或 (A3 = B3)· (A2>B2)A3· B3’ A2· B2’

A1· B1’

A0· B0’

⊙⊙

⊙⊙ ⊙

+

+

+

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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74x85

4-Bit Comparator 74x85 ( 4位比较器 74x85)

A0

A1

A2

A3

ALTBINAEQBINAGTBIN

级联输入,用于扩展

ALTBOUT = (A<B) + (A=B)·ALTBIN

通常低位的输出接高位的输入

A=B :低位和高位都相等

A 高位 >B 高位

A 高位 =B 高位 & A 低位 >B 低位

A>B

AEQBOUT = (A=B)·AEQBIN

AGTBOUT = (A>B) + (A=B)·AGTBIN

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Serial Expanding Comparators(比较器的串行扩展 )

XD[11:0]

YD[11:0]

[3:0] [7:4] [11:8]

X<YX=YX>Y

+5V

A<BIA=BIA>BI

A<BOA=BOA>BO

A0~A3B0~B3

74x85

A<BIA=BIA>BI

A<BOA=BOA>BO

A0~A3B0~B3

74x85

A<BIA=BIA>BI

A<BOA=BOA>BO

A0~A3B0~B3

74x85

3 片 74x85 构成 12 位比较器

低位 高位

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158

P0

P1

P2

P3

P4

P5

P6

P7

8位比较器 74x682内部逻辑图:图 6-82

问题 1 :怎样表示以下输出? 高电平有效: P DIFF Q

高电平有效: P EQ Q

高电平有效: P GE Q

高电平有效: P LT Q

( 图 6-81 )

GE

LT

问题 2 :能否扩展??注意:没有级联输入端

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3 片 74x682 构成 24 位比较器

P0~P7 P=Q

Q0~Q7 P>Q

P0~P7 P=Q

Q0~Q7 P>Q

P0~P7 P=Q

Q0~Q7 P>Q

[7:0]

[15:8]

[23:16]

P[23:0]Q[23:0]

PEQQ

PGTQ

Paralel Expanding Comparators(比较器的并行扩展 )

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160160

Magnitude Comparator Example:

Minimum of Two NumbersDesign a combinational component that computes the minimum of two 8-bit numbers

Solution: Use 8-bit magnitude comparator and 8-bit 2x1 mux

If A<B, pass A through mux. Else, pass B.

a

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161161

Magnitude Comparator Example:

Minimum of Two Numbers

8 8

8

C

A BMin

(b)

MIN

IgtIeqIlt

AgtBAeqBAltB

010

A

A B

B8-bit magnitude comparator

sI1 I0

2x1 mux8-bit

C

88 8 8

8

(a)

11000000 01111111

0

0

1

01111111

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第六章 作业 (四版)

6.24

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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第六章 作业(三版)

5.24(6.24)

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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用数据选择器 74x151实现逻辑函数

F = (W,X,Y,Z) (1,3,5,8

12,15)

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

A Class Problem ( 每课一题 )

EN

ABC

D0D1D2D3D4D5D6D7

YY

74x151

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Chapter 6 Combinational Logic Design Practices

(组合逻辑设计实践 )

Documentation Standard and Circuit Timing

(文档标准和电路定时 )

Commonly Used MSI Combinational Logic

Device (常用的中规模组合逻辑器件 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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166

Decoder (译码器 )

Cascading Binary

Decoders

(译码器的级联 )

Realize a Logic Circuit

by Using Decoder

(利用译码器实现逻辑电路 )

Review of Last Class (内容回顾 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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167

N0N1N2N3

EN_L

+5V

D0_L

D7_L

D8_L

D15_L

用 74x138 设计 4-16 译码器思路: 16 个输出需要 片 74x138?

Y0

Y7ABC

G1G2AG2B

Y0

Y7ABC

G1G2AG2B

U1

U2

任何时刻只有一片在工作。 4 个输入中,哪些位控制片选哪些位控制输入

Cascading Binary Decoders ( 级联二进制译码器)

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Consider: How to make a 5-to-32 Decoder

with 3-to-8 Decoder?

( 思考:用 74x138 设计 5-32 译码器 )

How many 74x138 chips to be used

with 32 outputs?

(32 个输出需要多少片 74x138 ? )

Control that only one chip works in any time

( 控制任何时刻只有一片工作 )

—— Use the Enable Inputs ( 利用使能端 )

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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169

Consider: How to make a 5-to-32 Decoder with 3-to-8 Decoder?

(思考:用 74x138 设计 5-32 译码器 )

Control inputs of three low-order bits of a 5-bit code word

(5个输入的低 3位控制输入 )Control chips of two high-order bits of

a 5-bit code word

(5个输入的高 2位控制片选 ) ——Use 2-to-4 Decoder

( 利用 2-4 译码器 )

图 6 - 37

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用译码器和逻辑门实现逻辑函数

ZYX

ABC

G1G2AG2B

Y0Y1Y2Y3Y4Y5Y6Y7

74x138

F

+5V

F = (X,Y,Z) (0,3,6,7) 当使能端有效时Yi = mi

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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171

用译码器和逻辑门实现逻辑函数

ZYX

ABC

G1G2AG2B

Y0Y1Y2Y3Y4Y5Y6Y7

74x138+5V

F

F = (X,Y,Z) (0,3,6,7)

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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Decoder

(译码器 )

Encoder

(编码器 )

( 优先编码器的级联和应用 )

Review of Last Class (内容回顾 )

Cascading Priority Encoders

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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173

A2A1A0

GSEO

EI

I7

I0

A2A1A0

GSEO

EI

I7

I0

Q15_L

Q8_L

Q7_L

Q0_L

Y0

Y1

Y2

Y3

GS

2 个 74x148 级联为 16 - 4 优先编码器

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174

输入:由 864,需8片 74x148 每片优先级不同(怎样实现?) 保证高位无输入时,次高位才工作 —— 高位芯片的 EO端接次高位芯片的EI端

用 8-3 优先编码器 74x148 级联为 64-6 优先编码器

A2A1A0

GSEO

EI

I7

I0

片间优先级的编码 —— 利用第 9 片 74x148

每片的 GS 端接到第 9 片的输入端 第 9 片的输出作为高 3 位( RA5~RA3)

片内优先级片间优先级

输出: 6 位低 3 位高 3 位

8 片输出 A2~ A0

通过或门作为最终输出的低 3 位

RA2~ RA0

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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175

Decoders

(译码器 )

Encoders

(编码器 )

Three-State

Devices

(三态器件 )

Multiplexer

(多路复用器 )

标准 MSI 多路复用器 74x151 、 74x153 、 74x157

扩展多路复用器 利用多路复用器实现逻辑函数 多路分配器 (Demultiplexer)

—— 利用带使能端的译码器 使能端作为数据输入端

Review of Last Class (内容回顾 )

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176

1

0

n

iii DmENY

当使能端有效时,

1

0

n

iii DmY

最小项之和形式

EN

ABC

D0D1D2D3D4D5D6D7

YY

74x151

实现逻辑函数 F = (A,B,C)(0,1,3,7)

CBA

VCC

F

用多路复用器设计组合逻辑电路Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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177

思考:利用 74x151 实现逻辑函数F = (W,X,Y,Z)(0,1,3,7,9,13,14)

降维:由 4 维 3 维Shannon’s expansion theorems

( 香农展开定理 )1、 F(1,X2,X3,…,Xn) = F(0,X2,X3,…,Xn)=0, 填 02、 F(1,X2,X3,…,Xn) = F(0,X2,X3,…,Xn)=1 ,填 13、 F(1,X2,X3,…,Xn)=1, F(0,X2,X3,…,Xn)=0 ,填X14、 F(1,X2,X3,…,Xn)=0, F(0,X2,X3,…,Xn)=1 ,填X1’

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

),,,0(),,,1(

),,,(

12'1121

121

XXFXXXFX

XXXF

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178

YZ

WX00 01 11 10

00

01

11

10

1

1

1

1

1

1

1Y

WX00 01 11 10

0

1

1 0 Z Z

Z Z Z’ 0

思考:利用 74x151 实现逻辑函数F = (W,X,Y,Z)(0,1,3,7,9,13,14)

降维:由 4 维 3 维

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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179

EN

ABC

D0D1D2D3D4D5D6D7

YY

74x151

VCC

YXW

F

Z

利用 74x151 实现

F = (W,X,Y,Z)(0,1,3,7,9,13,14)

0 2 6 4

1 3 7 5

Y

WX00 01 11 10

0

1

1 0 Z Z

Z Z Z’ 0

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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180

A binary decoder with an enable input can be used as a demultiplexer( 利用带使能端的二进制译码器作为多路分配器 )

ABC

G1G2AG2B

Y0Y1Y2Y3Y4Y5Y6Y7

74x138

DST0_L

DST7_L

数据输入 SRC

EN_L

利用 74x139 实现 2 位 4 输出多路分配器( Figure 6-65 )

DSTSEL0DSTSEL1DSTSEL2

地址选择

—— Enable input is connected to the data line ( 利用使能端作为数据输入端 )

数据输入 SRC

EN_L

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181

译码器编码器三态器件多路复用器Parity Circuit

(奇偶校验器 )

Comparator

(比较器 )

奇校验:输入有奇数个 1 ,输出为 1

偶校验:输入有偶数个 1 ,输出为 1

利用异或运算实现 9 位奇偶发生器 74x280

奇偶校验的应用

—— 检测代码在传输和存储

过程中是否出现差错。

Review of Last Class (内容回顾 )

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9-bit Odd/Even Parity Generator 74x280 (9 位奇偶校验发生器 74x280( P291 图 5 - 75 )

ABCDEFGHI

EVEN

ODD

74x280

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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183

Parity-Checking Applications(奇偶校验的应用 )

用于检测代码在传输和存储过程中是否出现差错

A

EVEN

ODD

74x280

HI

A

EVEN

ODD

74x280

HI

发端

收端

DB[0:7] DB[0:7]

ERROR

发端保证有偶数个 1 收端 ODD 有效表示出错奇数 EVEN

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6.9 Comparator (比较器)Compare two Binary words and indicate whether

they are equal

(比较 2个二进制数值并指示其是否相等的电路 )

Comparator: Check if two Binary words are

equal

( 等值比较器:检验数值是否相等 )

Magnitude Comparator: Compare their

magnitude (Greater than, Equal, Less than)

(数值比较器:比较数值的大小( >,=,<) )

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6.9 Comparator (比较器)

How to build a 1-bit Comparator?

( 如何构造 1位等值比较器?? )

—— Use XOR (XNOR)

(利用异或门(同或门) )

AB DIFF A

B EQ

DIFF : different EQ : equal

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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DIFF

A0B0

A1B1

A2B2

A3B3 给出足够的异或门和宽度足够的或门,

可以搭建任意输入位数的等值比较器。

How to Build a N-bit Comparator?

(如何构造多位等值比较器?? )

必须每位都相等 —— 并行比较—— 串行比较

4 位等值比较器

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An Iterative Comparator(迭代比较电路 )

X YCMP

EQI EQO

X0 Y0 X1 Y1 XN-1YN-1

EQ1 EQ2 EQNEQN-1

1 X YCMP

EQI EQO

X YCMP

EQI EQO

—— 每位串行比较AB EQ

EQO

EQI

迭代的方法可能节省费用,但速度慢

用于级联的输入

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

Figure 6-77

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EQ_L

A

B

LT_L

GT_L

1-Bit Magnitude Comparator (一位数值比较器 )

① A>B( A=1, B=0 )则 A·B’=1 可作为输出信号

② A<B( A=0, B=1 )则 A’·B=1 可作为输出信号

③ A=B ,则 A⊙B=1,可作为输出信号输出低电平有效

EQ_L = A·B’+A’·B = AB = (A⊙B)’

LT : Less Than

EQ : Equal

GT : Greater Than

(A’·B)’

(A·B’)’

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n-Bit Magnitude Comparator(多位数值比较器 )

A(A3A2A1A0) 和 B(B3B2B1B0) 自高而低逐位比较

EQ = (A3⊙B3)·(A2⊙B2)·(A1⊙B1)·(A0⊙B0)

GT = (A3>B3)

LT = EQ’ · GT’ = ( EQ + GT )’

或 (A3 = B3)· (A2 = B2)· (A1>B1)

或 (A3 = B3)·(A2 = B2)·(A1 = B1)· (A0>B0)

或 (A3 = B3)· (A2>B2)A3· B3’ A2· B2’

A1· B1’

A0· B0’

⊙⊙

⊙⊙ ⊙

+

+

+

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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74x85

4-Bit Comparator 74x85 ( 4位比较器 74x85)

A0

A1

A2

A3

ALTBINAEQBINAGTBIN

级联输入,用于扩展

ALTBOUT = (A<B) + (A=B)·ALTBIN

通常低位的输出接高位的输入

A=B :低位和高位都相等

A 高位 >B 高位

A 高位 =B 高位 & A 低位 >B 低位

A>B

AEQBOUT = (A=B)·AEQBIN

AGTBOUT = (A>B) + (A=B)·AGTBIN

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Serial Expanding Comparators(比较器的串行扩展 )

XD[11:0]

YD[11:0]

[3:0] [7:4] [11:8]

X<YX=YX>Y

+5V

A<BIA=BIA>BI

A<BOA=BOA>BO

A0~A3B0~B3

74x85

A<BIA=BIA>BI

A<BOA=BOA>BO

A0~A3B0~B3

74x85

A<BIA=BIA>BI

A<BOA=BOA>BO

A0~A3B0~B3

74x85

3 片 74x85 构成 12 位比较器

低位 高位

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P0

P1

P2

P3

P4

P5

P6

P7

8位比较器 74x682内部逻辑图:图 6-82

问题 1 :怎样表示以下输出? 高电平有效: P DIFF Q

高电平有效: P EQ Q

高电平有效: P GE Q

高电平有效: P LT Q

( 图 6-81 )

GE

LT

问题 2 :能否扩展??注意:没有级联输入端

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3 片 74x682 构成 24 位比较器

P0~P7 P=Q

Q0~Q7 P>Q

P0~P7 P=Q

Q0~Q7 P>Q

P0~P7 P=Q

Q0~Q7 P>Q

[7:0]

[15:8]

[23:16]

P[23:0]Q[23:0]

PEQQ

PGTQ

Paralel Expanding Comparators(比较器的并行扩展 )

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194

6.10 Adder (加法器 )

Half Adder and Full Adder (半加器和全加器)

0 0 0 00 1 0 11 0 0 11 1 1 0

A B SCO

( 半加器真值表 )

Sum ( 相加的和 ): S = A’·B + A·B’ = A B

Carry ( 向高位的进位 ) : CO = A·B

0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 10 1 0 0 10 1 1 1 01 0 0 0 11 0 1 1 01 1 0 1 01 1 1 1 1

CI X Y SCO

( 全加器真值表 )

Truth Table of Half Adder Truth Table of Full Adder

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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SCO

XYCI

S = X Y CI

X·Y

0 0 1 0

0 1 1 1

CI

XY00 01 11 10

0

1

CO

X·CICO = + +Y·CI

= X·Y + (X+Y)·CI

0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 10 1 0 0 10 1 1 1 01 0 0 0 11 0 1 1 01 1 0 1 01 1 1 1 1

CI X Y SCO

全加器真值表

6.10 Adder (加法器 )

6.10.1 Half Adders and Full Adders (半加器和全加器)

Truth Table of Full Adder

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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6.10.2 Ripple Adders (串行进位加法器 )

( 缺点:运算速度慢,有较大的传输延迟 )

tADD = tXYCout + (n-2)*tCinCout + tCinS

X Y

CI COS

X Y

CI COS

X Y

CI COS

X Y

CI COS

C1 C2 C3C4C0

S0 S1 S2 S3

X0 Y0 X1 Y1 X2 Y2 X3 Y3

=0

回顾:串行比较器 —— Improve Speed: Parallel Adder ( 提高速度:并行加法器 )

Disadvantage: Slow, More Propagation Delay

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X Y

CI COS

X Y

CI COS

X Y

CI COS

X Y

CI COS

C1 C2 C3C4C0

S0 S1 S2 S3

X0 Y0 X1 Y1 X2 Y2 X3 Y3

X YCMP

EQI EQO

X0 Y0 X1 Y1 XN-1YN-1

EQ1 EQ2 EQNEQN-11

X YCMP

EQI EQO

X YCMP

EQI EQO

An Iterative Comparator(串行比较器 )

Ripple Adder(串行加法器 )Primary Inputs( 主 输 入 )

Primary Outputs (主 输 出 )

BoundaryInputs(边界输入 )

BoundaryOutputs(边界输出 )

级联输出

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An Iterative Circuit(迭代电路)

Iterative :重复的 , 反复的 , [数 ] 迭代的

PICI CO

PO

PICI CO

PO

PICI CO

PO

C0 C1 C2 Cn

PO0 PO1 POn-1

主 输 出

PI0 PI1 PIn-1

主 输 入

边界输入

边界输出

级联输出

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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6.10.3 Subtractors (减法器 ) 方法一:利用真值表化简设计减法器

二进制减法表(表 2-3 )D = X Y BI BO = X’·Y + X’·BI + Y·BI

方法二:利用加法器设计减法器( X- Y )相当于( X+ Y 补)对 Y 求补:逐位求反+ 1

1X Y

CI COS

X YCI CO

S

X YCI CO

SB_L

X0 Y0 X1 Y1 Xn Yn

D0 D1 Dn

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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一位全加器: S = X Y Ci

Ci+1 = X·Y + (X+Y)·Ci

6.10.4 Carry-Lockahead Adders (先行进位加法器 )

先行进位法:第 i 位的进位输入信号可以由该位以前的各位状态决定。

Ci+1 = (Xi·Yi) + (Xi+Yi)· Ci

= Gi + Pi · Ci

进位产生信号 进位传递信号

0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 10 1 0 0 10 1 1 1 01 0 0 0 11 0 1 1 01 1 0 1 01 1 1 1 1

Ci X Y SCi+1

全加器真值表

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先行进位法:第 i 位的进位输入信号可以由该位以前的各位状态决定。

C0 = 0Ci+1 = Gi + Pi · Ci

C0 = 0

C1 = G0+P0·C0

C2 = G1+P1·C1 = G1+P1·(G0+P0·C0)

= G1+P1·G0+ P1·P0·C0

… …

Cn = Gn+Pn·Cn (图 6-89 )

展开为“与 -或”式:三级延迟

MSI加法器74x283

图 6-87 6-88

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

6.10.4 Carry-Lockahead Adders (先行进位加法器 )

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Adder Example: DIP-Switch-Based Adding Calculator

Goal: Create calculator that adds two 8-bit binary numbers, specified using DIP switches

DIP switch: Dual-inline package switch, move each switch up or down

Solution: Use 8-bit adder

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203

Adder Example: DIP-Switch-Based Adding Calculator

Solution: Use 8-bit adderDIP switches

10

a7……..a0

b7……..b0

s7…………s0

8-bit carry-ripple adderco

ci 0

CALC

LEDs

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Adder Example: DIP-Switch-Based Adding Calculator

To prevent spurious( 假的) values from appearing at output, can place register at output Actually, the light flickers from spurious values would be too fast for humans to detect —but the principle of registering outputs to avoid spurious values being read by external devices (which

normally aren’t humans) applies here.

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205

Adder Example: DIP-Switch-Based Adding Calculator

DIP switches

10

a7…….a0

b7……b0

s7………s0

8-bit adder

8-bit register

coci 0

CALC

LEDs

e

clkld

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206

设计减法器 方法一:利用真值表化简

二进制减法表(表 2-3 )D = X Y BI BO = X’·Y + X’·BI + Y·BI

方法二:利用加法器设计减法器( X- Y )相当于( X+ Y 补)对 Y 求补:逐位求反+ 1

1X Y

CI COS

X YCI CO

S

X YCI CO

SB_L

X0 Y0 X1 Y1 Xn Yn

D0 D1 Dn

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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Adder/Subtractor

Adder/subtractor: control input determines whether add or subtractCan use 2x1 mux – sub input passes either

B or inverted BAlternatively, can use XOR gates – if sub

input is 0, B’s bits pass through; if sub input is 1, XOR inverts B’s bits

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Adder/Subtractor

b7 b6sub

adders B inputs

0 1N-bit 2x1

N-bitA

A

S

B

B

sub

Adder cin

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209

Adder/Subtractor Example: Calculator

Previous calculator used separate adder and subtractor

DIP switches10

8-bit registerCALC

LEDs

e

f

clkld

8

8

80 0

8

8

8

882 x10 1

10

wiciA AB B

S Sco wo8-bit adder 8-bit subtractor

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210210

Adder/Subtractor Example: Calculator

Improve by using adder/subtractor, and two’s complement numbers

DIP switches10

8-bit register

8-bit adder/subtractorsub

CALC

LEDs

e

S

A Bf

clkld

10

8 8

8

8

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Subtractor Example: DIP-Switch Based

Adding/Subtracting Calculator

Extend earlier calculator exampleSwitch f indicates whether want to add

(f=0) or subtract (f=1)Use subtractor and 2x1 mux

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Subtractor Example: DIP-Switch Based

Adding/Subtracting CalculatorDIP switches

10

8-bit register CALC

LEDs

e

f

clkld

8

8

80

08

8

8

882x10 11

0

wiciA AB B

S Sco wo8-bit adder 8-bit subtractor

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213213

IncrementerAdds 1 to input A

s20001111000011110

s10110011001100110

s01010101010101010

s30000000111111110

c00000000000000001

a00101010101010101

a10011001100110011

a30000000011111111

Inputs Outputsa20000111100001111

0 0 1 10 1 1

1+

carries:

unused

0000 1

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214214

Incrementer

(a)

(b)

a3 a2 a1 a0 1

s0s1s2s3co

a b

co s

HA

a b

co s

HA

a b

co s

HA

a b

co s

HA

Incr

em

en

ter

(+1

)

a3

co s3 s2

+1

s1 s0

a2 a1 a0

Could design using combinational design process, but smaller design uses carry-ripple, only need half-adders

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Multiplier – Array StyleCan build multiplier that mimics multiplication by hand

Notice that multiplying multiplicand by 1 is same as ANDing with 1

4.5

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Multiplier – Array Style

Generalized representation of multiplication by hand

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Multiplier – Array Style

Multiplier design – array of AND gates

A B

P*

Block symbol

+ (5-bit)

+ (6-bit)

+ (7-bit)

00

000

0

a0a1a2a3

b0

b1

b2

b3

0

p7..p0

pp1

pp2

pp3

pp4

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218

6.10.6 MSI Arithmetic and Logic Units

(ALU, MSI 算术逻辑单元 )Perform any of a number of different arithmetic and logical operations on a pair of b-bit operands.( 对 2个 b 位的操作数进行若干不同的算术和逻辑运算 )

S0~S3

M

CIN

A0~A3

B0~B3

GP

F0~F3

COUT

A=B

74x181

输入数据输出数据

0算术 /1 逻辑选择特定操作 Table 6-70

Figure 6-90 6-91 6-92 6-93

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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Arithmetic-Logic Unit: ALU

ALU: Component that can perform various arithmetic

(add, subtract, increment, etc.) and logic (AND, OR, etc.) operations, based on control inputs

4.7

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Arithmetic-Logic Unit: ALU4.7

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Multifunction Calculator without an ALU

Can build using separate components for each operation, and muxesToo many wires, also wastes power computing operations

when only use one result at given time

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222

Multifunction Calculator without an ALU

DIP switches10

8-bit register

8-bit 8x1

CALC

LEDs

ezyx

clkId

s0s1s2

1 001 2 3 4 5 6 7

NOTXORORAND+1+

8 8

888

8

8

8 8 8

88

A B

A lot of wires

Wastedpower

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223223

ALUMore efficient design uses ALU

ALU design not just separate components multiplexed (same problem as previous slide)

Instead, ALU design uses single adder, plus logic in front of adder’s A and B inputsLogic in front is called an arithmetic-logic

extenderExtender modifies A and B inputs so desired

operation appears at output of the adder

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224

ALU

(a)

ALU

IA IB

ISAdder

cin

A B

S

xyz

AL-extender

abext abext abext cinext

AL-extender

ia7ib7

a7 b7

ia6ib6

a6 b6

ia0ib0

a0 b0

cin

(b)

xyz

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225225

Arithmetic-Logic Extender in Front of ALU

abext abext abext cinext

xyz

AL-extender

ia7 ib7

a7 b7

ia6 ib6

a6 b6

ia0 ib0

a0 b0

cin

(b)

(a)

ALU

IA IB

IS

Adder cin

A B

AL-extender

S

xyz

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226226

Arithmetic-Logic Extender in Front of ALU

xyz=000 Want S=A+B : just pass a to ia, b to ib, and set cin=0

xyz=001 Want S=A-B : pass a to ia, b’ to ib and set cin=1 (two’s complement)

xyz=010 Want S=A+1 : pass a to ia, set ib=0, and set cin=1

xyz=011 Want S=A : pass a to ia, set ib=0, and set cin=0 xyz=100 Want S=A AND B : set ia=a*b, b=0, and cin=0 Others: likewise Based on above, create logic for ia(x,y,z,a,b) and

ib(x,y,z,a,b) for each abext, and create logic for cin(x,y,z), to complete design of the AL-extender component

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227

ALU Example: Multifunction Calculator

DIP switches10

8-bit register

8-bit 8x1

CALC

LEDs

ezyx

clkId

s0s1s2

1 001 2 3 4 5 6 7

NOTXORORAND+1+

8 8

888

8

8

8 8 8

88

A B

A lot of wires

Wastedpower

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228

ALU Example: Multifunction Calculator

Design using ALU is elegant and efficientNo mass of

wiresNo big

waste of power

DIP switches

10

10

8-bit register

ALUS

CALC

LEDs

e

zyx

clkld

zyx

8

8

8

8A

AB

B

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229

S1 S0 Y

0 00 11 01 1

A·BA+BABA’

功能表设计函数发生器,其功能表如下:

S1 S0 A B Y

0 0 0 00 0 0 1

真值表

1 、填写真值表2 、选择器件

用基本门电路实现 利用卡诺图化简 用译码器实现 转换为最小项之和 用数据选择器实现

3 、电路处理注意有效电平

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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组合逻辑部分小结

第 4 章 组合逻辑设计原理第 6 章 组合逻辑设计实践

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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第 4 章 基本原理

开关代数基础

组合逻辑的基本分析、综合方法

冒险

开关代数的公理、定理 对偶、反演规则 逻辑函数的表示法

分析步骤,利用公式进行化简 设计方法、步骤 利用卡诺图化简,电路处理 无关项的化简、多输出函数的化简

—— 冒险的检查和消除

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组合电路的分析分析的目的:

确定给定电路的逻辑功能分析步骤:

由输入到输出逐级写出逻辑函数表达式对输出逻辑函数表达式进行化简判断逻辑功能(列真值表或画波形图)

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分析图示逻辑电路的功能B3

B2

B1

B0

G3

G2

G1

G0

解: 1 、写表达式2 、列真值表3 、分析功能

0 0 0 00 0 0 10 0 1 00 0 1 10 1 0 00 1 0 10 1 1 00 1 1 11 0 0 01 0 0 11 0 1 01 0 1 11 1 0 01 1 0 11 1 1 01 1 1 1

B3 B2 B1 B0 G3 G2 G1 G00 0 0 00 0 0 10 0 1 1

G3 = B3G2 = B3B2G1 = B2B1G0 = B1B0

二进制码至格雷码的转换电路

0 0 1 00 1 1 00 1 1 10 1 0 10 1 0 01 1 0 01 1 0 11 1 1 11 1 1 01 0 1 01 0 1 11 0 0 11 0 0 0

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组合电路的综合

问题描述

逻辑抽象

选定器件类型

函数化简电路处理

将函数式变换

电路实现

真值表或

函数式

用门电路

用MSI 组合电路或

PLD

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0 00 00 00 00 10 10 10 11 01 01 01 01 11 11 11 1

0 00 11 01 10 00 11 01 10 00 11 01 10 00 11 01 1

X1 X0 Y1 Y0

0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 10 0 1 00 0 1 10 0 0 00 0 1 00 1 0 00 1 1 00 0 0 00 0 1 10 1 1 01 0 0 1

P3 P2 P1

P0

设计 2 位数乘法器

1、列真值表

输入: X、 Y(2

位)

输出:乘积 P(4

位)

P3 = X1·X0·Y1·Y0

Y1Y0

X1X0

00 01 11 1000

01

11

10

P2

1

11 2 、用门电路实现 利用卡诺图化简 注意:多输出函数

3 、电路处理

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Y1Y0

X1X0

00 01 11 1000

01

11

10

0

1111

1111

1111

111

Y1Y0

X1X0

00 01 11 1000

01

11

10

1

11

1

Y1Y0

X1X0

00 01 11 1000

01

11

10

P2

1

11

P3 = X1·X0·Y1·Y0

P2 = X1·Y1 · (X1·X0·Y1·Y0)’

= X1·Y1·P3’

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237

Y1Y0

X1X0

00 01 11 1000

01

11

10

P1

1

1

1

11

1

Y1Y0

X1X0

00 01 11 1000

01

11

10

P0

1

1 1

1

P3 = X1·X0·Y1·Y0

P2 = X1·Y1·P3’

P1 = X1·Y0·P3’+X0·Y1·P3’

P0 = X0·Y0

Y1Y0

X1X0

00 01 11 1000

01

11

10

P2

1

11

1

1

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比较:按多输出化简(蓝色)按单个卡诺图化简(黑色)

P3 = X1 · X0 · Y1 · Y0

P2 = X1·X0·Y1 + X1·Y1·Y0’

P1 = X1·Y1’·Y0 + X1·X0’·Y0 + X0·Y1·Y0’ + X1’·X0·Y1

P0 = X0 · Y0

P3 = X1·X0·Y1·Y0

P2 = X1·Y1·P3’

P1 = X1·Y0·P3’+X0·Y1·P3’

P0 = X0·Y0

考虑:用译码器实现 —— 直接表示为标准和形式

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人的血型有 A、 B、 AB、 O 四种,输血者的血型与受血者的血型必须符合下面的关系。设计逻辑电路判断输血者与受血者的血型是否符合规定。

A

B

AB

O

A

B

AB

O

输血者 受血者

解: 1 、逻辑抽象,得真值表 用 X1X0对应输血者的血型( 00~11 ) 用 Y1Y0对应受血者的血型( 00~11 ) 输出 F, 1 表示可以输血, 0 表示不行00

01

10

11

00

01

10

11

0 0 0 00 0 0 10 0 1 00 0 1 10 1 0 0

X1X0 Y1Y0 F

10100

2 、用门电路实现 卡诺图化简 (略)利用译码器利用多路复用器

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240240

Subtractor Example: Color Space Converter – RGB to

CMYKColor

Often represented as weights of three colors: red, green, and blue (RGB)Perhaps 8 bits each (0-255), so specific color is 24

bitsWhite: R=11111111 (255), G=11111111,

B=11111111Black: R=00000000, G=00000000, B=00000000Other colors: values in between, e.g.,

R=00111111, G=00000000, B=00001111 would be a reddish purple

Good for computer monitors, which mix red, green, and blue lights to form colors

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241241

Subtractor Example: Color Space Converter – RGB to

CMYK• Printers use opposite

color scheme– Because inks

absorb light– Use complementary

colors of RGB: – Cyan (absorbs red),

reflects green and blue,

– Magenta (absorbs green), and

– Yellow (absorbs blue)

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242242

Subtractor Example: Color Space Converter – RGB to

CMYK

Printers must quickly convert RGB to CMY C=255-R, M=255-G,

Y=255-BUse subtractors as

shown

— — —

R G B

8888

88

8 8 8

255 255 255

C M Y

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243243

Subtractor Example: Color Space Converter – RGB to

CMYK

Try to save colored inksExpensive Imperfect – mixing C, M, Y doesn’t yield

good-looking black

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244244

Subtractor Example: Color Space Converter – RGB to

CMYK

Solution: Factor out the black or gray from the color, print that part using black inke.g., CMY of

(250,200,200)= (200,200,200) + (50,0,0).(200,200,200) is a dark

gray – use black ink

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245

Subtractor Example: Color Space Converter – RGB to

CMYK Call black part K

(200,200,200): K=200 (Letter “B” already used for blue)

Compute minimum of C, M, Y values Use MIN component designed earlier, using

comparator and mux, to compute K Output resulting K value, and subtract K value

from C, M, and Y values Ex: Input of (250,200,200) yields output of

(50,0,0,200)

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246

Subtractor Example: Color Space Converter – RGB to

CMYK

— — —8 8C2 M2 Y2 K

8

8

888 8

8 8

MIN

MIN

C

C M Y

R GRGB to CMY

B

M Y

K

R G B8 8 8

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247

设计将 BCD码转换成余 3码的码制转换电路

方案一:利用基本门电路( SSI )实现1 、列真值表

0 0 1 10 1 0 00 1 0 10 1 1 00 1 1 11 0 0 01 0 0 11 0 1 01 0 1 11 1 0 0

0 0 0 00 0 0 10 0 1 00 0 1 10 1 0 00 1 0 10 1 1 00 1 1 11 0 0 01 0 0 11 0 1 0 … …1 1 1 1

X3~X0 F3~F0

d

2 、卡诺图化简(多输出函数)3 、电路处理,得到电路图 “与 -或”式 “与非 -与非”式 “或 -与”式 “或非 -或非”式

方案二:利用中规模集成电路 MSI 实现 —— 译码器实现多输出函数

思考:有没有更好的方法???

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X1X0

X3X200 01 11 10

00

01

11

10

F3

1

1

1

1

1

d

d

d

d

d

d

X1X0

X3X200 01 11 10

00

01

11

10

F2

1

1

1

1

1

d

d

d

d

d

d

X1X0

X3X200 01 11 10

00

01

11

10

F1

1

11

1 1

d

d

d

d

d

d

X1X0

X3X200 01 11 10

00

01

11

10

F0

1

11

1 1

d

d

d

d

d

d

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249

设计将 BCD 码转换成余 3 码的码制转换电路一个更好的方法:余 3 码 = BCD 码 + 3 —— 利用加法器( MSI )实现

A0A1A2A3

B0B1B2B3

C0

S0S1S2S3

C4

74x283

X0X1X2X3

F0F1F2F3

VCC 1100

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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250

实现两个 BCD码的加法运算思考:两个 BCD 码与两个 4 位二进制数相加的区别 如果 (X+Y)产生进位信号 C 或 在 1010~1111 之间 需要进行修正 —— 结果加 6

利用 F 表示是否需要修正F = C + S3·S2·S1·S0 + S3·S2·S1·S0’

+ S3·S2·S1’·S0 + S3·S2·S1’·S0’

+ S3·S2’·S1·S0 + S3·S2’·S1·S0’

X1X0

X3X200 01 11 10

00

01

11

10

1

1

1

1

1

1

F = C + S3·S2 +S3·S1

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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251相加 判别 修正

A0 S0A1 S1A2 S2A3 S3

B0B1B2B3

C0 C4

74x283A0 S0A1 S1A2 S2A3 S3

B0B1B2B3

C0 C4

74x283X0X1X2X3

Y0Y1Y2Y3

F0F1F2F3

C

实现两个 BCD 码的加法运算 需要 2 个加法器,分别进行加法运算和修正 判别逻辑: F = C + S3·S2 +S3·S1

电路组成

F

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分析下面电路,写出输出与输入之间的关系 已知:输出为二进制数, X3~0 和 Y3~0 为十进制数的 BCD

CI

A3 A2 A1 A0 COB3 S3B2 S2B1 S1B0 S0

Y1Y0

X3X2X1X0

CI

A3 A2 A1 A0 COB3 S3B2 S2B1 S1B0 S0

Y3Y2

Z6Z5Z4Z3

Z2Z1Z0

Y1 Y0 Y1 Y0 0X3 X2 X1 X0+

C S3 S2 Z2 Z1 Z0

+ Y3 Y2 Y3 Y2 0 0 0

Z6 Z5 Z4 Z3 Z2 Z1 Z0

Z = X+Y*2+Y*8 = X+Y*10

将十进制 BCD数 YX 转换为二进制数 Z (0100 1000)BCD = (0110000)2

Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 0X3 X2 X1 X0+

+ Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 0 0 0

Z6 Z5 Z4 Z3 Z2 Z1 Z0

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Example: Sprinkler Controller

Microprocessor outputs which zone to water (e.g., cba=110 means zone 6) and enables watering (e=1)

Decoder should set appropriate valve to 1

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Example: Sprinkler Controller

d0 = a'b'c'ed1 = a'b'ced2 = a'bc'ed3 = a'bced4 = ab'c'ed5 = ab'ced6 = abc'ed7 = abce

Step 1: Capture behavior

Equations seem like a natural fit

d0d1d2d3d4d5d6d7e

c

Decoder

Micro-Proce-ssor

b

a

zone 0zone 1

2

43

56

7

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255255

Example: Sprinkler ControllerStep 2b: Implement

as circuitd0d1d2d3d4d5d6d7e

c

decoder

Micro-processor

b

a

zone 0 zone 1

2

43

56

7

d0 = a'b'c'ed1 = a'b'ced2 = a'bc'ed3 = a'bced4 = ab'c'ed5 = ab'ced6 = abc'ed7 = abce

abc

e

d0

d1

d2

d3

d4

d5

d6

d7

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第 6 章 组合逻辑设计实践常用的中规模集成电路(MSI)

编码器、译码器、多路复用器、奇偶校验、

比较器、加法器、三态器件掌握基本功能,级联的方法综合应用:利用基本MSI 器件作为基本单元设计更复杂的组合逻辑电路

文档标准和电路定时(了解)

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第 4 章教学大纲要求 重点学习掌握逻辑代数的公理、定理,对偶关系,以及在逻辑代数化简时的作用;逻辑函数的表达形式:积之和与和之积标准型、真值表;组合电路的分析:逻辑函数表达式的产生过程及逻辑函数表达式的基本化简方法——函数化简方法;组合电路的综合过程:将功能叙述表达为组合逻辑函数的表达形式、逻辑函数表达式的化简——函数化简方法和卡诺图化简方法、使用与非门、或非门表达的逻辑函数表达式、逻辑函数的最简表达形式及综合设计的其他问题:无关项的处理、冒险问题和多输出逻辑化简的方法。(共 10学时)

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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第 6 章教学大纲要求 重点学习掌握:学习利用基本的逻辑门完成规定的组合逻辑电路的设计任务:如译码器、编码器、多路选择器、多路分配器、异或门、比较器、全加器。学习利用基本的逻辑门和已有的中规模集成电路( MSI)逻辑器件如译码器、编码器、多路选择器、多路分配器、异或门、比较器、全加器、三态器件等作为设计的基本元素完成更为复杂的组合逻辑电路设计的方法。

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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第六章 作业(四版)6.296.43

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

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第五章 作业(三版)5.28 (6.29)5.82 (6.43)

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用数据选择器 74x151实现逻辑函数

F = (W,X,Y,Z) (1,3,5,

6,8,10,12,14,15)

Digital Logic Design and Application ( 数字逻辑设计及应用 )

A Class Problem ( 每课一题 )

EN

ABC

D0D1D2D3D4D5D6D7

YY

74x151