cs01 chuoi phan ung

Kim loi nhm IA

Phn A. Tm tt l thuyt

I- Kim loi

1- Tc dng vi phi kim:

2Na + O2 0t

Na2O2 2Na + Cl2 0t

2NaCl

2Na + H2 0t

2NaH

2- Tc dng vi dung dch axit:

2Na + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2

Nu Na d-: 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2

3- Tc dng vi n-c:

2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2

2K + 2H2O 2KOH + H2

4- Tc dng vi dung dch mui:

Cc kim loi kim khi cho vo dung dch mui s tc dng vi n-c

dung dch baz, baz to thnh c th tc dng tip vi mui:

- V d cho Na kim loi vo dung dch CuSO4 xy ra cc ph-ng

trnh:

2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2

2NaOH + CuSO4 Na2SO4 + Cu(OH)2

5- iu ch:

2NaCl pnc 2Na + Cl2

4NaOH pnc 4Na + O2 + 2H2O

II- Oxit

1- Tc dng vi n-c dung dch baz kim:

Na2O + H2O 2NaOH

K2O + H2O 2KOH

2- Tc dng vi axit mui + n-c:

3- Tc dng vi oxit axit mui:

Na2O + CO2 Na2CO3 Na2O + SO3 Na2SO4

III- Hidroxit

1- Tc dng vi dung dch axit mui + n-c:

K2O + 2HCl 2KCl + H2O

2- Tc dng vi oxit axit mui + n-c:

CO2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O

CO2 + NaOH NaHCO3

- Nu 2n

n

2CO

NaOH : To mui Na2CO3

- Nu 2n

n1

2CO

NaOH : To 2 mui NaHCO3 + Na2CO3

3- Tc dng vi dung dch mui mui mi + baz mi (c mt cht

kt ta !)

Fe(NO3)3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaNO3

4- Tc dng vi Al, Zn, cc oxit v cc hidroxit ca chng:

Al + NaOH + H2O NaAlO2 + 2

3H2

Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O

Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O

Zn + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2 + H2

Zn(OH)2 + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2 + H2O

IV- Mui cacbonat - hidrocacbonat

1- Mui cacbonat

- Phn ng thu phn to ra mi tr-ng kim (qu tm xanh;

phenoltalein hng)

CO2

3 + H2O HCO

3 + OH-

- Tc dng vi dung dch axit:

- Cho t t dung dch axit HCl vo dung dch Na2CO3:

Na2CO3 + HCl NaHCO3 + NaCl

(giai on 1)

NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + CO2 + H2O (giai

on 2)

- Cho t t dung dch Na2CO3 vo dung dch axit HCl:

Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O

- Sc kh CO2 vo dung dch Na2CO3:

Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O 2NaHCO3

- Tc dng vi dung dch mui:

Na2CO3 + CaCl2 2NaCl + CaCO3

2- Mui hidrocacbonat


KHCO3 + HCl KCl + CO2 + H2O

- Tc dng vi dung dch baz:

NaHCO3 + Ca(OH)2 (d-) CaCO3 + NaOH + H2O

- Phn ng nhit phn:

2NaHCO3 0t

Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O

V- Mui clorua

- Phn ng in phn:

2NaCl + 2H2O mn pdd,

2NaOH + Cl2 + H2

2NaCl pnc Na + Cl2

- Phn ng vi H2SO4 c (iu ch HCl trong PTN):

NaCl (tinh th) + H2SO4 (c) NaHSO4 + HCl

2NaCl (tinh th) + H2SO4 (c) 0t

Na2SO4 + 2HCl

- Phn ng nhn bit:

NaCl + AgNO3 AgCl(trng) + NaNO3

VI- Mui nitrat

- Phn ng nhit phn:

2KNO3 0t

2KNO2 + O2

- Tnh oxi ho mnh trong dung dch vi cc axit HCl hoc H2SO4 long

(t-ng -ng HNO3!)

V d cho Cu vo dung dch cha KNO3 v H2SO4 long:

Ph-ng trnh in li: KNO3 K+ + NO

3 v H2SO4 2H+ +

SO2

4

Ph-ng trnh phn ng: 3Cu + 2NO

3 + 8H+ 3Cu

2+ + 2NO + 4H2O

Phn B- Chui phn ng

1. S 1

Na NaOH Na2CO3 NaHCO3

NaOH NaCl

NaOH

Na NaH NaOH

NaCl + NaOCl

2. S 2

KClO KClO3

KCl

K KCl

KNO3 KNO2

K2SO4 KCl

KOH

3. S 3

KOH K[Al(OH)4] KHCO3

K2CO3

K2O

KOH

KCl K KOH

KClO3 KCl

4. S 4

(1)

(3)

(4)

(10)

(8)

(7)

(5)

(9)

(2)

(6)

(1) (2) (3)

(4) (5) (6)

(7) (8) (9)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(10)

(8)

(9)

(2)

(3)

(9)

(8)

(6)

(11

)

(1)

(5)

(10)

(4)

(7)

Na

NaCl

Na2O NaOH NaAlO2

NaHCO3

NaCl

Na2SO4

5. S 5

KH KCl KOH

K[Al(OH)4

KOH

K

KHCO3

K2SO4 KOH KClO3 KCl

K2CO3

Kim loi nhm IIA


I- Kim loi

1- Tc dng vi dung dch axit:

Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2

2- Tc dng vi n-c: (ch cc kim loi Ca, Sr, Ba phn ng)

Ca + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2


Cc kim loi kim th (Ca, Sr, Ba) khi cho vo dung dch mui

s tc dng vi n-c dung dch baz, baz to thnh c th tc

dng tip vi mui:

- V d cho Ca kim loi vo dung dch CuSO4 xy ra cc ph-ng

trnh:

Ca + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2

Ca(OH)2 + CuSO4 CaSO4 + Cu(OH)2

4- iu ch: in phn nng chy mui halogenua:

CaCl2 pnc

Ca + Cl2

II- Oxit

1- Tnh tan: CaO tan, BaO tan, SrO tan, MgO khng tan.

2- Tc dng vi n-c dung dch baz kim: (ch CaO, SrO v BaO

tc dng)

CaO + H2O = Ca(OH)2

3- Tc dng vi axit mui + n-c:

4- Tc dng vi oxit axit mui: (ch CaO, SrO v BaO tc dng)

CaO + CO2 CaCO3

III- Hidroxit

1- Tc dng vi dung dch axit mui + n-c:

2- Tc dng vi oxit axit mui + n-c: (ch Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2 v

Ba(OH)2 tc dng)

CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O

(1)

(2) (4)

(3)

(9)

(10)

(12)

(11)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2

Du hiu nhn bit s to thnh mui axit:

- un nng dung dch sau phn ng , xut hin kt ta:

Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O

- Cho dung dch kim vo dung dch sau phn ng, xut hin kt

ta:

Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 2CaCO3 + 2H2O

Ca(HCO3)2 + 2NaOH CaCO3 + Na2CO3 + 2H2O

- Cho dung dch axit mnh vo dung dch sau phn ng, c kh bay

ra:

Ca(HCO3)2 + 2HCl CaCl2 + 2CO2+ 2H2O


Ca(OH)2 + Na2SO4 CaSO4 + 2NaOH

Ca(OH)2 (d-) + NaHCO3 CaCO3 + NaOH + H2O

4- Tc dng vi Al, Zn, cc oxit v cc hidroxit ca chng:

2Al + Ba(OH)2 + 2H2O Ba(AlO2)2 + 3H2

2Al(OH)3 + Ba(OH)2 Ba(AlO2)2 + 4H2O

IV- Mui cacbonat - hidrocacbonat

1- Mui cacbonat

- Phn ng nhit phn: Cc mui cacbonat ca kim loi nhm IIA u

b nhit phn to thnh oxit kim loi v CO2:


CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2+ H2O

- Phn ng ho tan kt ta khi sc kh CO2:

CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2

2- Mui hidrocacbonat


Ca(HCO3)2 + 2HCl CaCl2 + 2CO2+ 2H2O

- Tc dng vi dung dch baz:

Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 2CaCO3 + 2H2O

Ca(HCO3)2 + 2NaOH CaCO3 + Na2CO3 + 2H2O

- Phn ng nhit phn khi un nng trong dung dch::

Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O

V- Mui clorua

- Phn ng in phn:

CaCl2 l o ng + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 + H2

CaCl2 Ca + Cl2

- Phn ng nhn bit.

VI- Mui sunfat

1- Tnh tan: MgSO4 tan, CaSO4 khng tan, BaSO4 khng tan.

2- Tc dng vi dung dch baz kim:

MgSO4 + 2NaOH Mg(OH)2 + Na2SO4


MgSO4 + Na2CO3 MgCO3 + Na2SO4

Phn B- Chui phn ng

1. S 1

CaH2 CaO Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2

Ca(HCO3)2

Ca

CaCO3

CaCl2 Ca(OH)2 CaOCl2 CaCl2

Ca(NO3)2

2. S 2

Ba(OH)2 Ba(AlO2)2] Ba(HCO3)2

BaCO3

BaO

BaCl2

BaCO3 BaO BaCl2

Ba Ba(OH)2

3. S 3

Ca(OH)2 Ca(ClO)2

CaCl2

Ca CaCl2

Ca(NO3)2 CaSO4

4. S 4

Chn cc mui A, B thch hp ca bari hon thnh s phn ng:

A Ba(OH)2 B

Ba BaO BaCO3

5. S 5

CaCl2 Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2 CaSO4

CaO

(1)

(2) (4)

(3)

(7)

(10)

(12)

(11)

(5)

(6)

(8)

(9)

(2)

(3)

(9)

(8)

(6)

(11)

(1)

(5)

(10)

(4)

(7)

(1)

(3) (4)

(10)

(8)

(7)

(5)

(9)

(2)

(6)

(1) (2)

(3)

(8)

(9)

(11)

(5)

(10)

(4)

(6)

(12)

(12)

(6)

(7)

(1)

(8)

(3)

(2)

(4)

(13)

(5)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(14)

(15)

(16)

(18)

(17)

(1)

(3)

(2)

(8)

(4)

(12)

Ca

CaSO4

CaO

CaCO3 CaCl2 Ca

Ca(OH)2

6. S 6

BaCl2 BaO BaCO3

BaCl2 Ba(OH)2

Ba

BaH2 Ba(OH)2 Ba(HCO3)2

BaCO3 BaO

7. S 7

A

Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 CaCl2

Ca(OCl)2 CaCl2

B

Nhm v hp cht


I. Nhm

1. Tc dng vi phi kim

Khi t nng, nhm tc dng vi nhiu phi kim nh- oxi, l-u hunh,

halogen.

4Al + 3O2 0t

2Al2O3

2Al + 3S 0t

Al2S3

2Al + 3Cl2 0t

2AlCl3

2. Tc dng vi axit

a. Dung dch axit HCl v H2SO4 long gii phng hidro:

2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3 H2

2Al + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2

b. Dung dch H2SO4 c, nng:

2Al + 6H2SO4 (c) 0t

Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O

Ch : Al khng tan trong dung dch H2SO4 c ngui!

c. Dung dch HNO3:

Nhm tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 to thnh Al(NO3)3, n-c v cc sn

phm ng vi s oxi ho thp hn ca nit: NH4NO3 ; N2 ; N2O ; NO ;

NO2.

10Al + 36HNO3 10Al(NO3)3 + 3N2 + 18H2O

8Al + 30HNO3 8Al(NO3)3 + 3N2O + 15H2O

Ch : Al khng tan trong dung dch HNO3 c ngui!

3. Tc dng vi n-c

(9)

(10)

(11)

(6)

(5)

(7)

(13)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(5)

2Al + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2

Phn ng ny ch xy ra trn b mt ca thanh Al do Al(OH)3 to thnh

khng tan ngn cn phn ng. Thc t coi Al khng tc dng vi

n-c!

4. Tc dng vi dung dch kim

2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O 2NaAlO2 + 3H2

hoc:

2Al + 2NaOH + 4H2O Na[Al(OH)4] + 3H2

2Al + Ba(OH)2 + 2H2O Ba(AlO2)2 + 3H2 5. Tc dng vi dung dch mui

2Al + 3CuSO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3Cu

Al + 3AgNO3 Al(NO3)3 + 3Ag

6. Tc dng vi oxit kim loi (phn ng nhit nhm):

a. Khi nim

Nhit nhm l ph-ng php iu ch kim loi bng cch dng Al kim

kh oxit kim loi thnh kim loi nhit cao trong iu kin

khng c khng kh.

2Al + Fe2O3 0t

Al2O3 + 2Fe (*)

b. Phm vi p dng

Phn ng nhit nhm ch s dng khi kh cc oxit ca kim loi trung

bnh v yu nh-: oxit st, (FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4) oxit ng, oxit ch...

Khng s dng ph-ng php ny kh cc oxit kim loi mnh nh-:

ZnO, MgO...

II. Nhm oxit

1. Tnh cht vt l: L cht rn mu trng, khng tan trong n-c.

2. Tnh cht ho hc: (Tnh cht l-ng tnh)

Tc dng vi dung dch axit:

Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O

Tc dng vi dung dch baz mui aluminat:


hoc:

Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O 2Na[Al(OH)4]

Al2O3 + Ba(OH)2 Ba(AlO2)2 + H2O

3. iu ch:

- Cho Al tc dng vi oxi.

- Nhit phn Al(OH)3 : 2Al(OH)3 0t

Al2O3 + 3H2O

III. Nhm hidroxit

1. Tnh cht vt l: L cht kt ta keo mu trng, khng tan trong

n-c.

2. Tnh cht ho hc: (Tnh cht l-ng tnh)

Tc dng vi dung dch axit:

Al(OH)3 + 3HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O

Tc dng vi dung dch baz mui aluminat:


hoc:

Al(OH)3 + NaOH Na[Al(OH)4]

2Al(OH)3 + Ba(OH)2 Ba(AlO2)2 + 4H2O

Ch : Al(OH)3 khng tan -c trong cc dung dch baz yu nh- NH3,

Na2CO3...

3. iu ch

a. T dung dch mui Al3+ nh- AlCl3, Al(NO3)3, Al2(SO4)3:

- Tc dng vi dung dch baz yu (dung dch NH3, dung dch

Na2CO3...):

AlCl3 + 3NH3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl

2AlCl3 + 3Na2CO3 + 3H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 6NaCl + 3CO2

- Tc dng vi dung dch baz mnh (dung dch NaOH, Ba(OH)2...):

AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl

Al(OH)3 to thnh tan dn khi cho kim d-:


Tng qut:

AlCl3 + 4NaOH NaAlO2 + 3NaCl + 2H2O

b. T dung dch mui aluminat (NaAlO2 , Ba(AlO2)2...):

- Tc dng vi dung dch axit yu (kh CO2, dung dch NH4Cl, dung

dch AlCl3... :

NaAlO2 + CO 2 + 2H2O Al(OH)3 + NaHCO3

NaAlO2 + NH4Cl + H2O Al(OH)3 + NaCl + NH3

3NaAlO2 + AlCl3 + 3H2O 4Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl - Tc dng vi dung dch axit mnh (dung dch HCl...):

NaAlO2 + HCl + H2O Al(OH)3 + NaCl Al(OH)3 to thnh tan dn khi cho axit d-:

Al(OH)3 + 3HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O

Tng qut:

NaAlO2 + 4HCl AlCl3 + NaCl + 2H2O

IV. Mui nhm

Hu ht cc mui nhm u tan trong n-c v to ra dung dch c mi

tr-ng axit yu lm chuyn qu tm thnh mu hng:

[Al(H2O)]3+ + H2O [Al(OH)]

2+ + H3O

+

Mt s mui nhm t tan l: AlF3 , AlPO4 ...

Mui nhm sunfat c kh nng to phn. Cng thc ca phn chua l

K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.

iu ch phn nhm:

Al2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 24H2O 2KAl(SO4)2.12H2O

V. Sn xut nhm

Nguyn liu sn xut nhm l qung boxit Al2O3.nH2O. Qung boxit

th-ng ln cc tp cht l Fe2O3 v SiO2. Ng-i ta lm sch nguyn

liu theo trnh t sau:

kt

tinh

(5)

(10)

(1)

(6)

Qung boxit -c nghin nh ri -c nu trong dung dch xt c

khong 180oC. Loi b -c tp cht khng tan l Fe2O3, -c dung dch

hn hp hai mui l natri aluminat v natri silicat:


SiO2 + 2NaOH Na2SiO3 + H2O

Sc CO2 vo dung dch, Al(OH)3 tch ra:

NaAlO2 + CO 2 + 2H2O Al(OH)3 + NaHCO3 Lc v nung kt ta Al(OH)3 nhit cao (> 900

oC) ta -c Al2O3

khan.

in phn nng chy Al2O3 vi criolit (3NaF.AlF3 hay Na3AlF6) trong bnh

in phn vi hai in cc bng than ch, thu -c nhm:

2Al2O3 dpnc

4Al + 3O2

Cc phn ng ph xy ra trn in cc: kh oxi nhit cao t

chy d-ng cc l cacbon, sinh ra hn hp kh l CO v CO2 theo cc

ph-ng trnh:

C + O2 CO2

2C + O2 2CO

S kh ion Al3+ trong Al2O3 l rt kh khn, khng th kh -c bng

nhng cht kh thng th-ng nh- C, CO, H2...

Phn B- Chui phn ng ca nhm

1. S 1

Al Al2O3 Al(NO3)3 Al(OH)3

Na[Al(OH)4]

Al(OH)3 Al2O3 Na[Al(OH)4] Al2(SO4)3

KAl(SO4)2.12H2O

2. S 2

Al2O3 Al(NO3)3

KAlO2

Al AlCl3

Al Fe

NaAlO2

Al(OH)3 Al2O3

3. S 3

Al2S3 Al(OH)3 Ba(AlO2)2

Al(OH)3

Al

Al2O3

Al4C3 Al(OH)3 K[Al(OH)4

Al(NO3)3

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(1)

(3)

(4)

(6)

(8)

(9)

(5)

(7)

(2)

(10)

(2)

(3)

(8)

(7)

(4)

(9)

t

0

in

phn

nng

chy

+

HCl

+ NaOH + Z

+ X +

Z

+ Y + Z

4. S 4

Al

KAlO2

Al2O3 NaAlO2

Al(OH)3 Ba(AlO2)2

AlCl3

5. S 5

Cho M l mt kim loi. Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng theo dy bin

ha sau:

B

M D

E M

C

6. S 6

Chn cc mui A, B thch hp ca nhm hon thnh s phn ng:

A Al(OH)3 B

Al Al2O3 Al(NO3)3

7. S 7

Hy chn cc cht A, B, C, D thch hp t cc cht Al2O3, AlCl3,

Na[Al(OH)4], Al(NO3)3 hon thnh s bin ha sau:

8. S 8

Al2O3 AlCl3 Al(OH)3 Al(NO3)3

Na[Al(OH)4]

Al

Al2O3

Al(NO3)3 K[Al(OH)4] Al(OH)3

Al

(1)

(2) (4)

(3)

(9)

(10)

(12)

(11)

(5)

(6)

(7) (8)

Al

(5)

(6)

(8)

(9) (11)

(12) (7)

(10)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4) D C

A B

(1)

(2) (3)

(4)

(5) (6)

(7)

(8) (9)

(1) (2)

(3) (4)

(5)

(6) (7) (8)

(9)

(10) (11)

(12)

9. S 9

AlCl3 Al(NO3)3

K[Al(OH)4]

Al Na[Al(OH)4] Al(OH)3

Al2(SO4)3

Al2O3 AlCl3

Ba(AlO2)2

10. S 10

Al

A B D

B E

F G + H I

D A Al

pn

c (11

)

+ O2,

t0

(1)

+ CO2

(3)

+ dd HCl

d-

(5) kt

tinh

(8)

+ dd NH3

(9)

t0

(10

)

+ dd H2SO4

l, d-

(7)

+ dd

NaOH

(2)

+ dd

NaOH

(4)

+ dd KOH

d-

(6)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9) (10

)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

St


I. St

1. Tc dng vi phi kim:

3Fe + 2O2 ( khng kh) 0t

Fe3O4

Fe + S 0t

FeS

2Fe + 3Cl2 0t

FeCl3

2. Tc dng vi axit

- Tc dng vi dung dch axit HCl v H2SO4 long Mui st(II) + H2:

Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2

Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2

- Dung dch H2SO4 c, nng:

2Fe + 6H2SO4 0t

Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O

Nu Fe d-:

Fe + Fe2(SO4)3 3FeSO4

Ch : Fe khng tan trong dung dch H2SO4 c ngui!

- Dung dch HNO3: Fe tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 to thnh Fe(NO3)3,

n-c v cc sn phm ng vi s oxi ho thp hn ca nit (NH4NO3 ;

N2 ; N2O ; NO ; NO2). V d:

Fe + 6HNO3 (c) 0t

Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O

Nu Fe d-:

Fe + 2Fe(NO3)3 3Fe(NO3)2 Ch : Fe khng tan trong dung dch HNO3 c ngui!

3. Tc dng vi hi n-c

3Fe + 4H2O C570 0

Fe3O4 + 4H2

Fe + H2O C5700

FeO + H2

4. Tc dng vi dung dch mui

Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu

Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag

II. Hp cht st(II):

Hp cht Fe(II) khi tc dng vi cht oxi ho s b oxi ho thnh

hp cht Fe(III).

1. St(II) oxit: FeO

a. Trng thi, mu sc, tnh tan: L cht rn mu en, khng tan

trong n-c.

b. Tnh cht ho hc:

- Tnh cht ca oxit baz:

FeO + H2SO4 (long) FeSO4 + H2O

- Tnh kh: th hin khi tc dng vi cht oxi ho mnh nh- dung

dch HNO3, dung dch H2SO4 c

2FeO + 4H2SO4 (c) Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 4H2O

3FeO + 10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 5H2O

- Tnh oxi ho: th hin khi nung nng vi cc cht kh nh- C, CO,

H2, Al:

FeO + H2 0t

Fe + H2O

c. iu ch:

- Nhit phn cc hp cht khng bn ca Fe(II) trong iu kin khng

c khng kh:

Fe(OH)2 0t

FeO + H2O hoc FeCO3 0t

FeO + CO2

2. St(II) hidroxit: Fe(OH)2

a. Trng thi, mu sc, tnh tan: L cht rn mu lc nht, khng

tan trong n-c.

b. Tnh cht ho hc:

- Tnh cht baz: Fe(OH)2 + 2HCl FeCl2 + 2H2O

- Tnh kh: nhit th-ng Fe(OH)2 b oxi ho nhanh chng trong

khng kh m thnh Fe(OH)3 mu nu :

4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Fe(OH)3 c. iu ch:

Cho dung dch mui Fe(II) tc dng vi dung dch kim.

3. Mui st(II):

a. Mui tan: FeCl2, FeSO4, Fe(NO3)2:

- Tnh cht ca mui: (cc phn ng trao i):

FeSO4 + 2NaOH Fe(OH)2 + Na2SO4 - Tnh kh mnh: th hin khi tc dng vi cht oxi ho mnh nh-

kh Cl2, dung dch HNO3, dung dch H2SO4 c, dung dch KMnO4 trong mi

tr-ng H2SO4 long

2FeCl2 + Cl2 2FeCl3 2FeSO4 + 2H2SO4 (c) Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 2H2O

3Fe2+ + NO3. + 4H

+

3Fe3+ + NO + 2H2O

10FeSO4 + 2KMnO4+ 8H2SO4 5Fe2(SO4)3 +K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O

Dng ion thu gn:

5Fe2+

+ MnO4.+ 8H+ 5Fe

3+ + Mn

2+ + 4H2O

- Tnh oxi ho: th hin khi tc dng vi cc kim loi mnh hn:

Mg + FeSO4 MgSO4 + Fe

b. Mui khng tan

- Mui FeCO3:

Phn ng nhit phn: FeCO3 0t

FeO + CO2

Nu nung trong khng kh: 4FeO + O2 0t

2Fe2O3

Phn ng trao i: FeCO3 + 2HCl FeCl2 + CO2 + H2O Tnh kh: FeCO3 + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + CO2 + 2H2O

2FeCO3 + 4H2SO4 (c) Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 2CO2 + 4H2O

- Mui FeS:

Phn ng trao i: FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S

Tnh kh: FeS + 6HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + H2SO4 + 3NO + 2H2O

c. Mui FeS2:

- Tnh kh: 4FeS2 + 11O2 0t

2Fe2O3 + 8SO2

FeS2 + 18HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + H2SO4 + 15NO2 + 7H2O

III. Hp cht st(III)

1. St(III) oxit: Fe2O3

a. Trng thi, mu sc, tnh tan: L cht rn mu nu , khng tan

trong n-c.

b. Tnh cht ho hc:

- Tnh cht ca oxit baz:

Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O

Fe2O3 + 6HNO3 2Fe(NO3)3 + 3H2O

- Tnh oxi ho: th hin khi tc dng vi cc cht kh thng th-ng

nh- C, CO, H2, Al:

Fe2O3 + 3H2 0t

2Fe + 3H2O

c. iu ch:

- Nhit phn Fe(OH)3: 2Fe(OH)3 0t

Fe2O3 + 3H2O

2. St(III) hidroxit: Fe(OH)3

a. Trng thi, mu sc, tnh tan: L cht kt ta mu nu , khng

tan trong n-c.

b. Tnh cht ho hc:

- Tnh cht baz:

Fe(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 0t

Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O

- Phn ng nhit phn: 2Fe(OH)3 0t

Fe2O3 + 3H2O

c. iu ch:

- Cho dung dch mui Fe(III) tc dng vi dung dch NH3 hoc cc dung

dch baz kim:

FeCl3 + 3NH3 + 3H2O Fe(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl

FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl

3. Mui st(III):

a. Mui tan: FeCl3, Fe2(SO4)3, Fe(NO3)3:

- Tnh cht ca mui: (cc phn ng trao i):

FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl

- Tnh oxi ho (Th hin khi tc dng vi cht kh nh- Cu, Fe):

Fe + 2Fe(NO3)3 3Fe(NO3)2 Cu + 2Fe(NO3)3 2Fe(NO3)2 + Cu(NO3)2

- Khi tc dng vi cc kim loi mnh hn:

Mg + 2FeCl3 MgCl2+ 2FeCl2

Mg + FeCl2 MgCl2+ Fe

b. Mui khng tan: FePO4

IV. oxit st t : Fe3O4 (FeO.Fe2O3)

1. Trng thi, mu sc, tnh tan: L cht rn mu nu, khng tan

trong n-c.

2. Tnh cht ho hc:

- Tnh baz: Fe3O4 + 8HCl FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O

Fe3O4 + 4H2SO4 (long) FeSO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 + 4H2O

- Tnh kh: 2Fe3O4 + 10H2SO4 (c) 3Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 10H2O

(1)

(3)

(2)

(8)

(4)

(12)

Fe3O4 + 10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + 5H2O

- Tnh oxi ho (tc dng vi cc cht kh thng th-ng nh- C, CO, H2,

Al):

Fe3O4 + 4CO 0t

3Fe + 4CO2

V. Sn xut gang

1. Nguyn liu

- Qung hematit, cha Fe2O3 - Qung manhetit, cha Fe3O4

- Qung xierit, cha FeCO3 - Qung prit, cha FeS2

2. Nguyn tc sn xut gang

Kh oxit st bng CO nhit cao (ph-ng php nhit luyn)

Trong l cao, st c s oxi ho cao b kh dn dn n st c s oxi

ho thp theo s :

Fe2O3 Fe3O4 FeO Fe

3. Nhng phn ng ho hc xy ra trong qu trnh sn xut gang

- Phn ng to cht kh CO:

C + O2 CO2 v CO2 + C 2CO

- CO kh st trong oxit:

Phn trn thn l c nhit khong 400oC: 3Fe2O3 + CO 2Fe3O4 +

CO2

Phn gia thn l c nhit khong 500 - 600oC: Fe3O4 + CO 3FeO +

CO2

Phn d-i thn l c nhit khong 700 - 800oC: FeO + CO Fe +

CO2

Phn B. Chui phn ng ca st

1. S 1

Fe FeS FeSO4 Fe2(SO4)3

Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3

Fe Fe(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 Fe2O3

Fe2(SO4)3 FeSO4

2. S 2

Fe3O4 FeO FeCl2

FeCl3 Fe(OH)3

Fe

Fe(NO3)3 Fe2(SO4)3 FeSO4

Fe FeCl3

3. S 3

FeCl2 Fe(OH)2 FeSO4 Fe2(SO4)3

Fe(OH)3

Fe

Fe2O3

(12)

(6)

(7)

(1) (13)

(8)

(3)

(2)

(4)

(14)

(5)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(15)

(16)

(17)

(18)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(6)

(11)

(9)

(10

)

(11

)

(6)

(5)

(7)

(10)

(5)

(6)

(1)

t

0

+ dd HNO3

+ dd NaOH

+ X + Z

+ Y + Z

+

B

FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 Fe

Fe(NO3)3

4. S 4

FeSO4 FeCO3 Fe2(SO4)3

FeSO4

FeS2

FeS

Fe2O3 FeO Fe2O3

Fe

5. S 5

Hy chn cc cht A, B, D thch hp t cc cht Fe, Fe2O3, Fe(NO3)3

hon thnh s bin ha sau:

6. S 6

Cho A l mt mui nitrat. Vit cc ph-ng trinhg phn ng theo dy

bin ha sau:

B

A Fe(OH)3

D E A

C

7. S 7

A

B FeCl3 FeCl2 Fe(OH)2

Fe(OH)3 FeCl3

C

8. S 8

FeSO4 Fe Fe(NO3)2

Fe(OH)2

Fe FeS

Fe2O3 Fe

Fe2O3 FeO Fe(NO3)3

Fe(OH)3

(11)

(6)

(7)

(1)

(8)

(4)

(3)

(2) (12)

(14)

(5)

(10)

(18)

(9)

(13)

(16)

(15)

(17)

FeSO4

A

(5) (8)

(9) (11)

(12)

(6)

(10)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4) D

B

Fe(NO3)2

(7)

(7)

(3)

(2)

(4)

(11)

(8)

(9)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(1) (2) (3)

(4) (5) (6)

(9) (10) (11)

(7)

(8)

(12) (13) (14)

9. S 9

FeS2 A(kh) B (rn) D

E F

E G E

H K M

10. S 10

FeO Fe(NO3)2

FeO

Fe Fe(NO3)3 Fe2O3

Fe

Fe3O4 Fe(OH)3

Fe3O4

11. S 11

Fe FeSO4 Fe2(SO4)3 FeSO4

Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)3

12. S 12

FeSO4 Fe(NO3)2 Fe(OH)2 Fe2O3

FeO

Fe

Fe

Fe3O4 FeS FeSO4

Fe2(SO4)3 FeCl3

+ O2,

t0

(1)

+ dd

H2S

(2)

+ Fe,

t0

(3)

+ dd

H2SO4 l

(4)

pdd

(5)

+ KMnO4 / H2SO4

l

(7)

+ F

(8)

+ dd

NaOH

(9)

+ O2 +

H2O

(10)

t0

(11

)

+ dd

H2SO4 l

(6)

(1)

(3)

(2)

(10)

(4)

(7)

(13)

(9)

(14)

(8)

(11)

(12)

(6)

(5)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10

)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14

)

(15)

(1) (2) (3)

(4) (5) (6)

(10) (11) (12)

(7)

(9)

(13) (14) (15)

(8)

(10)

(5)

(8)

(14

)

(7)

(9)

(12)

(11)

(4)

13. S 13

FeSO4

Fe(OH)3

Fe

Fe3O4 Fe

Fe2O3 Fe FeO

Fe(NO3)2

Fe(NO3)3

14. S 14

Fe FeS

Fe(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3

Fe FeSO4 FeSO4

Fe2O3 Fe

Fe2O3 FeO Fe(OH)2

Fe(OH)3

15. S 15

Fe Fe3O4 Fe FeSO4

Fe2(SO4)3 Fe(OH)3

(2)

(9)

(4)

(3)

(5)

(1)

(6)

(8)

(7)

(1)

(10)

(3)

(2)

(6)

(13)

(8)

(5)

(1)

(2)

(3) (4)

(5)

(9) (10)

(11)

(6)

(8)

(12) (13)

(14)

(7)

cs01 chuoi phan ung

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