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Denyen

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

TheDenyen are one of the groups constituting theSea Peoples.

Origin

They are mentioned in theAmarna letters from the 14th century BC as possibly being

related to the "Land of the Danuna" nearUgarit.[1]

TheEgyptians described them asSea Peoples.[2]

Hittite Empire

The Denyen have been identified with the people of Adana, inCilicia who existed in late

Hittite Empire times. They are also believed to have settled inCyprus. A Hittite report[3] 

speaks of a Muksus, who also appears in an eighth-century bilingual inscription from

Karatepe in Cilicia. The kings of Adana are traced from the "house ofMopsos," given in

hieroglyphic Luwian as Moxos and inPhoenician as Mopsos, in the form mps. They were

called the Dananiyim.[4] The area also reports a Mopsukrene (Mopsus' fountain in Greek)

and aMopsuhestia (Mopsus' hearth in Greek), also in Cilicia.

Egyptian raids and settlement

They were raiders associated with the Eastern Mediterranean Dark Ages who attacked

Egypt in 1207 BC in alliance with the Libyans and other Sea Peoples, as well as during the

reign of Rameses III.[2] The20th Egyptian Dynasty allowed them to settle inCanaan, which

was largely controlled by the Sea Peoples into the 11th century BC.[2] Mercenaries from the

Peleset manned the Egyptian garrison atBeth-shan,[2] and the Denyen shared the same

fashion[clarification needed] as them which some archeology suggests signifies a shared cemetery

there.[5]

Aegean Sea

These areas also show evidence of close ties with the Aegean as a result of theLate

Helladic IIIC 1b pottery found in these areas. Some scholars argue for a connection with

theGreek Danaoi (∆αναοι)—alternate names for the Achaeans familiar from Homer.

Greek myth refers toDanaos who with his daughters came from Egypt and settled in

Argos. Through Danaë's son,Perseus, the Danaans are said to have built Mycenae.

Tribe of Dan

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Main article:Tribe of Dan

There are suggestions that the Denyen joined with Hebrews to form one of the original 12

tribes of Israel. No strong evidence support this view, however.

A minority view first suggested byYigael Yadin attempted to connect the Denyen with theTribe of Dan, described asremaining on their ships in the earlySong of Deborah, contrary to

the mainstream view of Israelite history. It was speculated that the Denyen had been taken

to Egypt, and subsequently settled between theCaphtorite Philistines and the Tjekker, 

along the Mediterranean coast with the Tribe of Dan subsequently deriving from them.[6]

The most famous Danite was Samson, whom some suggest is derived from Denyen tribal

legends.[7]

References

1 Les nuits attiques. Aulus Gellius, René Marache. Les Belles lettres, 1991. p. 39

2 "A dictionary of archaeology", Ian Shaw, Robert Jameson. Wiley-Blackwell, 2002.

ISBN 0-631-23583-3, ISBN 978-0-631-23583-5. p. 515

3 Burkert, Walter (1992). "The Orientalizing Revolution: Near Eastern Influence on

Early Archaic Greece" (Cambridge:Harvard University Press) p 52.

4 The journal of Egyptian archaeology, Volumes 47-49. Egypt Exploration Fund, Egypt

Exploration Society. 1961. p. 80

5 "The northern cemetery of Beth Shan", Eliezer D. Oren. Brill Archive, 1973.ISBN 90-

04-03673-3, ISBN 978-90-04-03673-4. p. 138

6 Mark W. Bartusch,Understanding Dan: an exegetical study of a biblical city, tribe andancestor Volume 379 of Journal for the study of the Old Testament: Supplement series,

Continuum International Publishing Group, 2003 

7 "Samson: the hero and the man : the story of Samson", Peter Lang, 2006. ISBN 3-

03910-852-2, ISBN 978-3-03910-852-7. p. 278-282

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