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為服務學習充能增效: 活用APPS帶反思 陳國邦 香港中文大學 崇基學院服務學習中心服務學習計劃研討會2019

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Page 1: Development of Learning & Teaching Strategies to Promote ... · 如何連繫服務與學習 ... could engage students in the learning process ... facilitate students to find answers

為服務學習充能增效:活用APPS帶反思

陳國邦

香港中文大學 崇基學院服務學習中心服務學習計劃研討會2019

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40+社區考察路線/教材

寰宇一家 兩性平等貧富差距/

多元共融

公民權責維護社會

核心價值兒童權利

全球城市 明智消費 經濟全球化

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100 專業培訓工作坊1500+ 教師及社工教育局課程發展處3百萬撥款

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到校/機構度身訂造專業發展活動

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協作試用:教案/手法/工具

40+ 學校

20+ NGO、青少年服務單位

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facebook.com/mLearnGCE/

流動學習與世界公民教育mLearnGCE

International Outstanding

e-Learning Awards 2017, 2018

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TPACK Model

© 2012,tpack.org黃幹知、陳國邦、吳思朗(2017)。《活用Apps帶討論:反思活動40個》。

#社區

#流動電子學習

#知識

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服務學習

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如何連繫服務與學習

Begin with a Powerful Issue

Promote discussion of service events, activities and experiences

Include Guide Reflection

Base assessment on student’s demonstrated learning and application of knowledge to settings and issues

(Chan, 2009)

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有力的議題 (Powerful Issue)

is a set of motivational and relevant questions that could engage students in the learning process

connects students and teachers to larger communities

provides the momentum and tension for the “curriculum participants” to work together

facilitate students to find answers from the service users (stakeholders) in the community

motivate students to apply their learning to develop community services which are relevant to the service users.

(Chan, 2009)

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優質服務學習計畫

真正的社區需要的

指向社會公義的

彼此互惠的 / 互相學習的

服務可與課程結合的

學生要透過行動才可找到答案的

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反思與反思設計

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學校(認知學習)

社區(經驗學習)

•培養公共事務的參與意識•增進教育社群的對話機會•轉化知識為服務社區的動力

•結合公共環境資源為終身學習場所

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如何在服務學習中引入反思

明確的目標讓同學能從中學習:考慮同學年齡、心理及認知發展層次、服務類型、課程內容,因應同學的經驗和學習型態,使用不同的反思策略(tailor-made)

因應服務及參與者狀況和參與者共同計畫反思內容:反思要有結構,同時要有彈性利用預期外的機會去作反思 (participatory, structural and flexible)

反思必須是一個持續參與的過程:在整個服務經驗中不斷地做而不是在最後才做 (continuous process)

反思應整合于同學的服務學習的習作中。藉由反思的活動,同學可以應用從服務學習中學到的知識(application)

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反思與經驗學習的架構

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下初階知識 (經驗)

上高階知識 (理論)

反思與經驗學習的架構

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人際

(同理心/內省)

人際

(推己及人/合作學習)

反思與經驗學習的架構

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時軸

(回顧過去)前

時軸

(展望將來)

反思與經驗學習的架構

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知識上的「上」通「下」達

人際學習上的「內」「外」兼修

人生歲月上的瞻「前」顧「後」

仰望明天

反思與經驗學習的架構

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教學過程

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教學過程學習階段 服務階段

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教學過程學習階段 服務階段服務完結 / 慶賀階段總結所學

回顧過去,展望將來

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學習階段 / 服務活動開始之前

「上」:促成建構新知識

*「下」:應用以往經驗

* 「內」:將動機和旨趣聯繫致服務中

「外」:蘊釀良好協作和討論氛圍

「前」:建立學習目標:達成社會服務

* 「後」:回顧與主題相關的以往經驗

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服務階段

「上」:應用學習階段所學到社會服務中

「下」:鞏固和發展社會服務的技巧

「內」:解難能力、情緒管理的體驗和檢視

「外」:人際學習的體驗(同學和持份者)

「前」:建立願景:完成服務的成就和喜悅

「後」:肯定學生對學習及服務的持續投入

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服務學習活動的尾聲 / 慶賀階段

「上」/ 「下」:協助學生回顧和連系所經驗及學習到的知識和技巧 ,提升學生對自身及未來的洞察力

「內」/ 「外」:協助學生認清個人的價值、態度、人生觀,提升學生人際學習和協作的能力

「後」 /「前」:鼓勵學生肯定本身的改變,建立長期目標及短期學習計畫

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反思三階段的建議重點 學習階段 / 服務活動開始之前:

鼓勵同學為本身對服務 / 服務物件的假設、既有的觀念、偏見反思

假如同學要跟他們不熟悉的人一起工作,幫助他們先作準備是很重要的。

服務階段: 幫助同學處理他們的感覺及經驗。

鼓勵同學在參與服務的過程中為預期的問題、突如其來的困難、成功和挑戰反思

服務學習活動的尾聲 / 慶賀階段 鼓勵學生做結論並把所學的新知識應用在未來的服務上。

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「促進學習的評估」vs.「對學習的評估」

進展性反思 (Formative Reflection)

「進展性評估」vs. 「總結性評估」

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進展性反思(Formative Reflection)

• 一種反思策略(以往主要是透過善用紙和筆的反思方案),協助同學記載和反思學習過程中幾個重要學習階段的改變和得著。

• 一方面讓同學見證本身的學習進展,善用所學於下一學習階段,另一方面運用這些回饋幫助老師相應調校學與教的策略,令學習更有效。

• 進展性反思通常是分階段進行的,一般來說,這種反思關注的是不同階段的學習點所構成的進展。

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流動學習與世界公民教育

mLearnGCE

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流動

-流動裝置

-戶外考察

-互動/協作

電子

-電腦/上網

-遙距學習

-單向/結構化

m-Learning vs. e-Learning

學習

Traxler, 2009; Udell & Woodill, 2015; 黃幹知、陳國邦、吳思朗(2017)。《活用Apps帶討論》(P.11)。

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「流動學習」的「軟實力」葉蔭榮

強化教學造詣 (teaching repertoire): 縮短「學」與「教」的距離;適時回饋 (timely feedback),促進學習上的評估

改變學生對學習的觀感,改變年青一代對學習的概念(conceptions of learning) ,切身體驗「時時學、處處學」的真義:例如

「學習」原來是自己生活的一個重要「組件」(Parts of My Life)

「學習」原來可以「跨情境」(across multiple contexts)

「學習」原來可以這般「非正式」(Informal)

「學習亅原來是需要強度的聯繫 (high connectivity)

正面地影響他們終身學習的角色;打破「正規學習」與「非正規學習」的藩籬,亦持續增強學習的內在誘因;

在社區層面上,增強人與人互信(Social trust) 和在學習上「互賴感」(sense of inter-dependence),孕育「學習型社會」的共同文化。

催化反思 黃幹知、陳國邦、吳思朗(2017)。《活用Apps帶討論:反思活動40個》

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流動學習三大支柱(Ryu & Parsons, 2009 ; McQuiggan, et al., 2015)

個人自主學習

• 熟悉(Familiar)

• 安全 (Secure)

• 多功能

(Comprehensive)

社群協作學習

• 連結(Connected)

情景探究學習

• 流動(Portable)

• 敏銳(Aware)

• 多媒體(Multi-

modal)

黃幹知、陳國邦、吳思朗(2017)。《活用Apps帶討論》(P.6-9)

流動學習與世界公民教育

mLearnGCE

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Apps特色

Data

driven

Easy

Free

Adaptable

流動學習與世界公民教育

mLearnGCE

BYOD

Cross

Platform

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不同的流動電子工具

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服務學習計劃:全球議題的深入學習

廣告 • 廣告密碼

食物

標籤

• 尋找食物標籤

• 水的故事

公義 / 責任消費

• 小農處境模擬

遊戲

食物

里程

• 街市大搜查

• 超市大搜查

明智消費

Needs? Want? Desire?

服務學習計劃• 推介公平貿易• 推介有機產品• 認識食物標籤• 推動自備水樽

服務學習計劃• 推介本地農耕• 倡議支持小店• 倡議公平貿易• 推介本土經濟

慈善性、探究性、倡議性

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VS

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示例1:Google Maps超市食物大搜查(分組)

肉類

罐頭

豆乳 調味料

海產

五穀雜糧

蔬菜

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)示例1:Google Maps

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示例1:Google Maps

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示例1:Google Maps

明智消費 食物

里程

經濟全球化

相互依存

國際分工

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示例1:Google Maps

將議題有力地呈現

行動找答案

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VS

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示例2:Google forms

當消費者遇上食物標籤goo.gl/C2itiG

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示例2:Google forms

當消費者遇上食物標籤goo.gl/C2itiG

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黃幹知、陳國邦、吳思朗(2018)。《活用Apps探全球:18區考察路線》。

考察三寶/五感:設計社區觀察

• 眼、耳、口、鼻、手睇

• 點算

• 統計數

• 訪談問流動學習與世界公民教育

mLearnGCE

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示例3:Padlet街市時空大比拼

海產

五穀雜糧

蔬菜

任務社區觀察手法

流動電子工具

• 拍下一個「最妙用空間的店舖」 睇(眼) 拍照• 駐足一會,錄下30秒最代表這街市的聲音 睇(耳) 錄音• 用約$10購買一款兒時喜愛的小食,回來一同

分享睇(口) 拍照

• 找一種吸引你的氣味,追蹤來源並拍照 睇(鼻) 拍照• 請找出並拍下一樣不能在超級市場買到的貨品 睇(手) 拍照• 拍下一間最多人打牙骹的店舖 數 拍照• 尋找最老的店主與他們傾談,了解這街市近年

最大的轉變(1分鐘)問 錄音/拍片

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請拍下一樣你不能在超市買到的貨品

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最代表這街市的聲音

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異國食店的共存手法 任務 Padlet

記錄

睇 眼:拍攝與宗教生活有關的東西 拍照

耳:店舖播放的音樂 錄音

鼻:追蹤一道吸引你的氣味,說明其來源 拍照

口:點選餐牌一種你未見過的食品或飲品,拍下食用過程 拍片

手:找出餐牌上沒有的肉類食物 拍照

數 華裔及非華裔的數目

問 了解為何有此食物選材 / 店內佈置 錄音流動學習與世界公民教育

mLearnGCE

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示例 4:

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A Quick ReviewTasting the power of e-Reflection

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pollev.com/bgcalsPoll everywhere

pollev.com/bgcals

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To sum up……

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流動電子學習對反思及進展性評估的貢獻

省時方便:減省了評估及整理文件的時間

照顧學習差異:以參加者為中心並能照顧不同的差異

多元回饋 、適時回饋、以參加者為中心的回饋

隨時學、時時學、彈性地學:流動電子工具可讓參加者隨時隨地在特定的場景中記錄他們的學習

整全的學習:記錄參加者在特定情境下的行為以及與環境的互動,並用流動裝置來處理他們複雜的情緒和技巧,加強多感觀及情意學習

協作學習:用協作的方式,利用各種媒體製作去展示學習經驗和反思

豐富進展性評估的質性資料:質性所收集的資料,包括:故事、觀察及對話。流動電子工具有助以相片、錄音及影片等來收集、記錄及處理這些質性的資料。

大數據(Big Data):進一步發展學與教策略及教育研究

(Black & Wiliam,1998; Caraivan, 2012; Hwang & Chang, 2011; Richards & Meier, 2016; Udell & Woodhill,2015; as in Wong et.al 2017)

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流動學習三大支柱(Ryu & Parsons, 2009 ; McQuiggan, et al., 2015)

個人自主學習

• 熟悉(Familiar)

• 安全 (Secure)

• 多功能

(Comprehensive)

社群協作學習

• 連結(Connected)

情景探究學習

• 流動(Portable)

• 敏銳(Aware)

• 多媒體(Multi-

modal)

黃幹知、陳國邦、吳思朗(2017)。《活用Apps帶討論》(P.6-9)

流動學習與世界公民教育

mLearnGCE

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適時適用? SAMR模式 (Puentedura, 2010)

• 科技讓不可能的任務變得可能重新創造

(Redefinition)

• 科技促進重新設計重大的任務重新設計

(Modification)

• 科技成為替代工具,並提升功能擴增

(Augmentation)

• 科技成為替代工具,但沒有改變功能替代

(Substitution)

轉化(Transformation)

提升(Enhancement)

黃幹知、陳國邦、吳思朗(2017)。《活用Apps帶討論:反思活動40個》。

流動學習與世界公民教育

mLearnGCE

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謝謝!!

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Churchill, D., Lu, J., Chiu, T. K. F., & Fox, B. (2016). Mobile learning design: Theories and application. Singapore: Springer Science.

Fan, H. L., & Orey, M. (2002). An investigation of the processes of seventh graders creating multimedia documents. Computers in the Schools, 19(1/2), 59–80.

Goodwin, K. (2008). The impact of interactive multimedia on kindergarten students’ representations of fractions. Issues in Educational Research, 18(2), 102–117.

Greenaway, R. (1993). Playback—A guide to reviewing activities. Scotland: Roger Greenaway.

Hwang, G. J. & Chang, H. F. (2011). A Formative Assessment-Based Mobile Learning Approach to Improving the Learning Attitudes and Achievements of Students. Computers & Education, 56(4), 1023-1031

Ikpe, I. B. (2011). E-learning platforms and humanities education: An African case study. International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing, 2011, 5(1), 83–101.

Kolb, D. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Kwok-bong, Chan (2009). Classroom in community: Serving the Elderly People, Learning from Senior Citizens. A community-based Service Learning for Secondary School students in Hong Kong. New Horizons in Education, 57, No.3 (Special Issue), Dec 2009,n15:82-96. HK: HKTA

Oxfam (2006). Education for Global Citizenship: A Guide for Schools. U.K.: Oxfam.

Pachler, N., Mellar, H., Daly, C., Mor, Y., & Wiliam, D. (2009). Scoping a vision for formative e-assessment: A project report for JISC. London: WLE Centre, Institute of Education.

Rahima C. Wade (1997) Community service-learning : a guide to including service in the public school curriculum. Albany : State University of New York Press.

Richards, R., & Meier, E. (2016). Leveraging mobile devices for qualitative formative assessment. In D. Mentor, Handbook of research on mobile learning in contemporary classrooms (pp. 94–115). Information Science Reference.

Robert E. Haskell (2000) Transfer of Learning: Cognition and Instruction

The PRIME II Project (2002) Transfer of Learning--A Guide for Strengthening the Performance of Health Care Workers

Udell, C., & Woodill, G. (2015). Mastering mobile learning: Tips and techniques for success. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.