dna 重排研究进展
DESCRIPTION
DNA 重排研究进展. 2002 年 9 月 29 日. DNA 的重排 (DNA Rearrangement). DNA 重排广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物的体细胞基因组中 ; DNA 重排可能导致 DNA 顺序的变化, DNA 的扩增、丢失或修饰; 3. DNA 重排可能产生新基因,用于特定环境中的表达,如动物的免疫球蛋白; 4. DNA 重排可能是改变已有基因的表达模式,用于调控其他基因的表达。. DNA 重排的例子. 免疫基因的重排 癌细胞中 DNA 的重排 酵母细胞性别的转换 非洲锥虫表面抗原的变化 Ti 质粒 DNA 与植物基因组的相互作用 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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DNA 重排研究进展2002 年 9 月 29 日
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DNA 的重排 (DNA Rearrangement)1. DNA 重排广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物的体细
胞基因组中 ;2. DNA 重排可能导致 DNA 顺序的变化, DNA 的扩
增、丢失或修饰;3. DNA 重排可能产生新基因,用于特定环境中的表
达,如动物的免疫球蛋白;4. DNA 重排可能是改变已有基因的表达模式,用于
调控其他基因的表达。
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1.免疫基因的重排2.癌细胞中 DNA 的重排3.酵母细胞性别的转换4.非洲锥虫表面抗原的变化5. Ti 质粒 DNA 与植物基因组的相互作用6.嗜血流感菌鞭毛特性的转变
DNA 重排的例子
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DNA 重排研究进展专题1. DNA 重排的种类和特征2. DNA 重排的生物学意义和导致的疾病3. DNA 重排的检测方法4. 酿酒酵母性别转换的过程和模型5. 酿酒酵母性别转换过程的调控6. Ti- 质粒与植物基因组的相互作用7. 锥虫 (Trypanosomes) 表面抗原转换机制8. 免疫基因重排的分子生物学基础9. 免疫基因重排的调控机制10.DNA 的重排和癌症
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酵母菌的生活史和细胞特征
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1. 酵母菌的生活史和细胞特征 单倍体细胞 二倍体细胞 单倍体细胞2. 酵母的接合型转换 a 细胞 细胞 细胞 a 细胞3. 酵母细胞接合型决定因子基因结构及表达 HML, HMR, MAT, HO; 信号传递和调控基因4. 酵母接合型转换模型 --- 磁带模型 活动磁带盒和沉默磁带盒5. 酵母接合型的转换过程 HO 内切酶切点处的序列 , 转换方向性6. 酵母接合型转换的调节控制 HML, HMR, HO 等基因的表达调控
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a单单单 a单单单 a单单单
单单单单单单单单单
a/ 单单 单
MATaMATa MATMATMATaMATa MAT MAT
单单 单单
a单 倍体
a单 倍体
a单 倍体
单 倍体
单 倍体
单 倍体
a/ 二 倍体
MATa
MATa
MAT
MAT
MATa
MATa
MAT
MAT
a 因 子 因 子
受 体 受 体
性 因 子 与受 体 接 合
接 合
二 倍 体 形 成
子 囊 形 成
酵母菌的生活周
期
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接合型控制的几种活性细胞类型 MATa MAT MATa/ MAT
细胞型接合孢子形成信息素受体
a是否a 因子接合因子
是否 因子接合 a 因子
A/否是无无
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单单单( 单MATMA Ta单单 GGG STE20 kinase
STE 11 kinase STE7 kinase Fus1 kina se cell fusionKss 1 ki nase
STESTE2=3=a单单单单
Fus 3 kinas einhibite s CLN3conjuga tionSTE12 trans cription fac torFar1 inhibi tes CLN2
GTPGDP
(性 因 子 或M AT M ATa
受 体
G G G
ST E 20 ki nase
ST E 11 ki nase
ST E 7 ki nase
F u s1 ki nase cel l f usi on K ss1 ki nase
S T ES T E
2 =3 = a
因 子因 子
F u s3 k in asein h ib ites C L N 3co n jug a tio n
ST E 12 tran sc rip tio n fac to r
F a r1 in h ib ites C L N 2
GTPGDP
a 或 性因子 / 受体相互作用激发的信号传递途径
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酵母的接合型转换
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aa
a aa
a
第 一 次 转 换a子 细 胞 为
第 一 次 分 裂性 别 不 转 换
第二 次转 换 子细 胞为
性别转换只发生在酵母的母细胞
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酵母接合型转换模型 - 磁带模型
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S lie n t ca sse tteA c tiv e ca sse tteS lie n t ca sse tte
F re qu en t
F requ en t
H M L M AT H M R
a a
H M L M AT H M R
a
H M L M AT H M R
a a
H M L M AT H M R
a a酵母性别转换的磁带模
型
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酵母细胞接合型决定因子 基因结构及表达
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HMLa/HMR/MATa/MAT 位点的结构
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H M L M AT H M R a
H M L M AT H M R a a
a1
SIR
repr
essi
on
SIR
repr
essi
on
R epres se sh a p lo id -spec ificg e n es
Ind u ce s m a t in g fun c tio n s
R e pres se sa m a tin gfu nc tion s
a1 和 2 在二倍体细胞中协同抑制单倍体特异性功能
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ah a p lo id
h a p lo id
a /d ip lo id
a-specific gen es sp ec ific g enes
P RT F ac tiv a te s g en es co n s titu tiv e ly g en es o ff: P RT F n o t b in d n o
C C A T G TA A T TA C C C A A A A A G G A A A T T TA C A T G G
C C A T G TA A T TA C C C A A A A A G G A A A T T TA C A T G G
T T T C C TA A T TA G T N C N T C A A T G N C A G
T T T C C TA A T TA G T N C N T C A A T G N C A G
P RT F
P RT FP RT F
P RT FP RT F
P RT FP RT F 1
C C AT G T N A N T N N TA C C AT G G
2 2
a 1
2 2
2 + P RT F rep ress a -sp ec if ic g e n es 1 m a k es P RT F ac tiv a te ta rg e t g e n es
a rep re ss h ap lo id -spe c ific g en e s
P R T FP box Q box
PRTF,a1, 1, 2 协同激活或抑制特定基因的表达
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TTTCAGCTTTC CGCAACAGTATAAAAGTCGAAAG GCGTTGTCATAT
TTTCAGCTTTC CGCAACAAAAGTCGAAAG GCG
Y reg io n
GTATA
H O en d o n u clea se
HO 内切酶在 Y 区的切割位点
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酵母接合型的转换过程
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酵母性转换模型---
双链模
型
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酵母性转换模型---
单链模
型
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酵母接合型转换的调节控制
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MAT 决定接合型酵母接合型决定因子基因的种类和功能 基因名称 基因功能 HML/HMR 保存沉默接合型信息
SIR1-4 阻遏沉默盒的表达 HO 启动接合型转换的内切酶SIN1-5 阻遏 HO 基因的表达SWI1-5 参与 HO 基因的表达
STE1-7,11-12,18 不育突变 , 不能接合
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C on tro l by gen esS W I/S I N
H O gen e
TATA
S W I5S W I4
S IN 6 S IN 3 + S IN 4
Act
ivat
ion
oftr
ansc
ript
ion
C A C G A A A A cd c 2 8c e ll c y c le c o n tro l
-1 2 0 0 -1 0 0 0 -8 0 0 -6 0 0 -4 0 0 -2 0 0 0
T C A T G T N N A N A N N T A C AT C A
控制 HO 基因表达的多种调控系统
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沉默位点的阻遏作用
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重组增强子激活的性转换
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HMR 位点基因表达的抑制作用
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RE 的在酵母性转换中的作用
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谢谢大家!谢谢大家!
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Table 3. Function of the germinal center reaction. • Generation of memory B cells and plasma cells.• Affinity maturation of the Ig receptors by somatic hypermutation and antigen selection.• Increase of the defence efficiency of the secreted Ig (antibodies) by changing their effector domains by means of isotype switch.
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